摘要:
本讲义聚焦人教版八年级上册英语Unit 4“人与自然”主题,构建“词汇基础—语篇输入—读写迁移—综合应用”学习支架,涵盖词汇分类(2a圈异类词)、后缀构名词(2b -ance/-(t)ion等)、词形转换(2c/d)、精读蓝鲸课文填表(3a)、第一人称自述(3b/c)及Project海报制作等核心知识点,形成从基础到应用的递进脉络。
该资料以核心素养为导向,2a通过“标词性—分组—圈异类”三步法培养思维品质,3b/c第一人称自述强化语言能力,Project小组合作制作海报提升学习能力,主题“爱护动植物”渗透文化意识。课中辅助教师高效教学,课后助力学生通过易错提醒和自评查漏补缺,实现语言知识与主题素养的融合提升。
内容正文:
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals Section B (2a-Project) · 讲义
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals
Section B (2a-Project) (讲义 · 学生用)
课时基本信息
课题
Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals — Section B (2a-Project)
课型
读写课
年级
八年级上册
课时
第 5 课时
教材
人教版(2024)英语八年级上册(Unit 4,课本 p.38-40)
主题
人与自然——词汇分类与构词训练,精读蓝鲸课文并完成第一人称自述,合作制作动植物海报
教学重点
2a 圈出每组不同类的词并说明理由;2b 用 -ance、-(t)ion、-ness、-ity 构成名词;2c、2d 用所给词的适当形式完成句子与短文;3a 读蓝鲸课文完成事实表格(Weight / Where they live / Food / How long they live / Importance in nature);3b、3c 以 Billy the Blue Whale 的口吻完成第一人称自述;Project 分组制作动植物海报(课本 p.38-40)
教学难点
词形转换(disappointed、weighs、appeared、importance、planet's);第一人称改写时的人称与动词一致;海报写作中最高级与事实信息的综合运用
新词学习
happiness /ˈhæpinəs/ n. 幸福;快乐(p.38)
disappoint /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt/ v. 使失望;使破灭(p.38)
mushroom /ˈmʌʃrʊm/ n. 蘑菇;伞菌(p.38)
ton /tʌn/ n. 吨(p.38)
role /rəʊl/ n. 作用;职能;角色(p.38)
play a role (in) 在……中发挥作用;扮演角色(p.38)
pea /piː/ n. 豌豆(p.38)
climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候(p.38)
ocean /ˈəʊʃn/ n. 大海;海洋(p.39)
except /ɪkˈsept/ prep. 除……之外;除了(p.39)
tiny /ˈtaɪni/ adj. 极小的;微小的(p.39)
lively /ˈlaɪvli/ adj. 精力充沛的;生机勃勃的(p.39)
the Arctic /ˈɑːktɪk/ Ocean 北冰洋(p.39)
Billy /ˈbɪli/ 比利(人名)(p.39)
(一)2a 圈出不同类的词
2a Circle the odd ones. Then give your reasons.(圈出每组中不同类的词,然后给出你的理由。课本 p.38)
1. habit height size weight
2. joy happiness fun enjoy
3. angry disappointed smart sad
4. appear look seem watch
5. honey milk juice bread
【知识点】
找异类先定"分类标准"(课本 p.38):词性(名词/动词)、感情色彩(褒/贬)、语义类别(饮品/食物、情绪/能力、系动词/实义动词)——同一组词标准不同,答案可以不同,关键是理由说得通。
【提示框】
三步圈词:先给每个词标词性→再按共同点分组→剩下落单的就是 odd one;说理由用 ... is a(n) ... but the others are ... 句型。
参考归类(开放,言之成理即可):1. habit(其余 height、size、weight 都是身体测量维度,habit 是习惯);2. enjoy(其余 joy、happiness、fun 是名词,enjoy 是动词);3. smart(其余 angry、disappointed、sad 是消极情绪形容词,smart 是褒义能力词);4. watch(其余 appear、look、seem 是"看起来"类系动词,watch 是实义动词);5. bread(其余 honey、milk、juice 是液体饮品,bread 是固体食物)。
(二)2b 后缀构名词
2b Add the endings -ance, -(t)ion, -ness, and -ity to form nouns. Use your dictionary.(加上后缀 -ance、-(t)ion、-ness、-ity 构成名词。查词典。课本 p.38)
1. act 2. good 3. kind 4. appear 5. real 6. imagine 7. connect 8. popular 9. communicate 10. important
【知识点】
四个名词后缀(课本 p.38):-(t)ion 表行为或结果(act→action、communicate→communication、imagine→imagination);-ness 表性质状态(good→goodness、kind→kindness);-ance 表状态行为(appear→appearance);-ity 表性质(real→reality、popular→popularity、important→importance)。
【提示框】
拼写三注意:communicate 去 e 加 -ation(communication);imagine 去 e 加 -ation(imagination);important→importance(-t 变 -ce)——不确定就查词典,课本也叮嘱 Use your dictionary.
参考答案:1. action 2. goodness 3. kindness 4. appearance 5. reality 6. imagination 7. connection 8. popularity 9. communication 10. importance。
(三)2c 选词完成句子
【过渡语】新名词入手了,动词也来五连测。
2c Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.(用方框中单词的适当形式完成句子。课本 p.38)
词框:appear disappoint imagine store weigh
1. I felt ________ when my favourite flowers died.
2. After the rain, some mushrooms ________ in the garden.
3. In my hometown, people often use bamboo baskets to ________ food.
4. What did you put in your luggage? It ________ a ton.
5. I can't ________ my life without my pets. They mean a lot to me.
【知识点】
五词形变(课本 p.38):disappoint→disappointed(-ed 形容词修饰人,felt 系动词后);appear 用过去式 appeared(After the rain 提示已发生);store 动词"储存";weigh 第三人称单数 weighs(It weighs a ton. 重达一吨);imagine 后接名词短语 my life without my pets。
【提示框】
先判词性再看时态:1 空 felt 后填形容词(-ed 修饰人);2 空 After the rain 提示过去(appeared);4 空 It 是单数第三人称,weigh 加 -s;5 空 can't 后接动词原形。
参考答案:1. disappointed(感到失望的)2. appeared(雨后蘑菇出现了;若表达经常性规律亦可用 will appear,以课堂讲解为准)3. store(储存食物)4. weighs(重达一吨)5. imagine(无法想象没有宠物的生活)。
(四)2d 青蛙短文填空
【过渡语】单句过关,进入语篇:看看青蛙的生态功劳。
2d Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.(用方框中单词的适当形式完成短文。课本 p.38)
词框:however important land planet protect
短文:You may not realize it, but frogs play an important role in our ①________ ecosystem. The smallest frogs are about the size of a pea, while larger ones can grow as big as a human hand. Many people know that frogs help to ②________ farms by eating insects. ③________, not everyone understands their ④________ in nature. Frogs can live on ⑤________ and in water. Because of this, they are popular subjects in studies on climate change and the ecosystem.
【知识点】
短文语言点(课本 p.38):play an important role in ...(在……中发挥重要作用,与 1b 的 play an important part 同义);the size of a pea(豌豆大小);However 表转折且句首大写;climate change 气候变化(climate 气候,词表 p.38);live on land and in water(水陆两栖)。
【提示框】
五个空各有线索:①空 our ______ ecosystem 填所有格 planet's;②空 help to 后接动词原形 protect;③空后逗号 + 转折句意填 However;④空 their ______ 填名词 importance;⑤空 live on ______ and in water 填 land(on land 在陆地上)。
参考答案(以课堂讲解为准):① planet's(我们星球的生态系统,planet 加 's 所有格)② protect(帮助保护农田)③ However(然而,句首大写)④ importance(它们的重要性,important 变名词)⑤ land(陆地;与 in water 对应)。
(五)3a 读蓝鲸课文,完成事实表格
【过渡语】词汇弹药备齐,去海洋里见一位重量级主角。
3a Read the text and complete the table.(读课文,完成表格。课本 p.39)
课文 The Blue Whale:The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal on earth. It can weigh as much as 200 tons. Many people like watching blue whales swim, and they think it is one of the most beautiful things to see. Blue whales live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. They eat a lot, but they eat some of the tiniest animals in the ocean. A blue whale can eat around four tons of these a day. Blue whales can live up to 90 years. When a blue whale dies at sea, it becomes food for many kinds of animals living in and around the sea. This food lasts for over a year and it helps to create a lively and healthy ecosystem. Blue whales play an important role in our world, so we must protect them.
表格(课本 p.39):Weight / Where they live / Food / How long they live / Importance in nature
【知识点】
课文高频结构(课本 p.39):weigh as much as 200 tons(重达……);all oceans except the Arctic Ocean(except 除……之外,词表 p.39);some of the tiniest animals(最高级 + 复数名词);live up to 90 years(up to 高达;直到);play an important role in our world(与 1b、2d 呼应)。
【提示框】
填表格抓五个"信号词":weigh→Weight;live in→Where they live;eat→Food;live up to→How long they live;it becomes food / helps to create→Importance in nature——定位词就是表格行名。
参考答案:Weight—as much as 200 tons(重达 200 吨);Where they live—in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean(除北冰洋外的所有海洋);Food—some of the tiniest animals in the ocean(约四吨/天);How long they live—up to 90 years(可达 90 年);Importance in nature—it becomes food for many kinds of animals when it dies and helps to create a lively and healthy ecosystem.
课本 p.39 插图:蓝鲸
(六)3b 化身蓝鲸写自述
【过渡语】事实装进表格了,现在换蓝鲸自己开口。
3b Imagine you are a blue whale. Use the first person to rewrite the first paragraph.(假设你是一头蓝鲸,用第一人称改写第一段。课本 p.39)
课本模板:Hello everyone! My name is Billy the Blue Whale.
I am ________.
I'm heavy, but I ________.
I live in ________.
I can eat ________.
【知识点】
人称改写三变(课本 p.39):The blue whale is → I am;its/it → my/I;Blue whales live → We live(或 I live)——第一人称自述必须把名词、代词、动词一起换;课文里的最高级(the largest and heaviest)原样保留最出彩。
【提示框】
改写口诀:三换一留——换人称(it→I)、换代词(its→my)、换动词(is→am / live→live in),保留原文好词(the largest and heaviest、except the Arctic Ocean)。
参考答案:I am the largest and heaviest animal on earth. / I'm heavy, but I love swimming, and many people think it is one of the most beautiful things to see. / I live in all oceans except the Arctic Ocean. / I can eat around four tons of the tiniest animals in the ocean a day.
(七)3c 补全蓝鲸短文
3c Complete your passage about the blue whale based on the text in 3a.(根据 3a 的课文补全你关于蓝鲸的短文。课本 p.39)
提示:把课文第二、三段的信息改写进 Billy 的自述——每天吃多少、能活多少年、死后如何滋养海洋、我们为什么要保护蓝鲸。
自述后半段示例:Every day I can eat around four tons of the tiniest animals in the ocean. I can live up to 90 years. When I die at sea, my body becomes food for many kinds of animals, and this food lasts for over a year. It helps to create a lively and healthy ecosystem. So we blue whales play an important role in our world. Please protect us!——改写要点:时间状语前置(Every day / When I die at sea)、情态动词 can 保留、结尾加呼语(Please protect us!)让自述有人情味,所有事实必须来自 3a 课文。
(八)Project 制作动植物海报
【过渡语】读写作毕,小组上场:做一张让全班投票的海报。
Project: Make a poster about a plant or an animal(制作一张关于某种植物或动物的海报。课本 p.40)
4a Work in groups. Choose or create the title of your poster.(小组合作,选择或自拟海报标题。)课本六个标题选项:The Strangest Animal / The Most Beautiful Animal / The Cutest Animal / The Oldest Tree / The Most Amazing Plant / The Most Popular House Plant
4b Collect pictures and find out information about the plant or animal that you chose.(收集图片并查找所选动植物的信息。)四问:1. What is its name? 2. Where does it live / grow? 3. Why did you choose it? 4. What are some interesting facts about it?
4c Make your poster.(制作海报。)
4d Present your poster in class. Then vote for the best one.(在班级展示海报,然后评选最佳海报。)
【知识点】
海报四要素(课本 p.40):夺目标题(多用最高级:The Strangest Animal)、图文结合、四个信息点(名字、栖息地/生长地、选择理由、趣味事实)、分工展示(Present ... in class + vote 评选)——标题用最高级正是本单元语法的真实应用。
【提示框】
做海报三步:定标题(最高级最抓眼)→ 集信息(按 4b 四问分工查证)→ 排版展示(图大字少、句短有力,展示时每人负责一问的解说)。
4b 参考示例(panda):1. A panda. 2. It lives in Sichuan, China. 3. Because it's cute and smart. 4. At birth, a baby panda is about 15 cm long, but an adult panda is around 150 cm long; at birth a baby panda is about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos, but an adult panda weighs 100 kilos.(示例答案,数字可再查证补充)。
(九)Reflecting 单元自评与主题升华
Reflecting(单元自评,课本 p.40)
1. What amazing plants and animals did you learn about in the unit?(本单元你了解了哪些神奇的动植物?)
2. When do you use the superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs?(什么时候使用形容词和副词的最高级?)
3. Can you describe some amazing plants or animals in the world?(你能描述世界上一些神奇的动植物吗?)
4. How are we connected with plants and animals?(我们与动植物如何相连?)
单元主题语(课本 p.40):Take care of animals and plants because we cannot live without them. 爱护动物和植物,因为没有它们我们无法生存。
【知识点】
自评四问即单元四目标(课本 p.31、p.40):话题词汇(动植物名称)、核心语法(最高级)、表达能力(描述神奇动植物)、主题观念(人与自然相互联结)——主题语 Take care of animals and plants because we cannot live without them. 用 cannot live without 呼应 1b 课文标题 We Can't Live Without Bees。
【提示框】
答第 2 问说全三要素:三者以上、the + 最高级、in/of/among 范围;答第 4 问用"链条法"举一例即可——四问全答上来,本单元就算真正拿下。
自评参考:1. bamboo、the redwood、moss、bees、the blue whale、the ginkgo、frogs 等。2. 三者或三者以上比较时(in / of / among 范围)。3. The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal on earth. 4. Bees pollinate plants, plants feed us, and we protect them in return.
易错提醒
三步圈词:先给每个词标词性→再按共同点分组→剩下落单的就是 odd one;说理由用 ... is a(n) ... but the others are ... 句型。
拼写三注意:communicate 去 e 加 -ation(communication);imagine 去 e 加 -ation(imagination);important→importance(-t 变 -ce)——不确定就查词典,课本也叮嘱 Use your dictionary.
先判词性再看时态:1 空 felt 后填形容词(-ed 修饰人);2 空 After the rain 提示过去(appeared);4 空 It 是单数第三人称,weigh 加 -s;5 空 can't 后接动词原形。
五个空各有线索:①空 our ______ ecosystem 填所有格 planet's;②空 help to 后接动词原形 protect;③空后逗号 + 转折句意填 However;④空 their ______ 填名词 importance;⑤空 live on ______ and in water 填 land(on land 在陆地上)。
填表格抓五个"信号词":weigh→Weight;live in→Where they live;eat→Food;live up to→How long they live;it becomes food / helps to create→Importance in nature——定位词就是表格行名。
改写口诀:三换一留——换人称(it→I)、换代词(its→my)、换动词(is→am / live→live in),保留原文好词(the largest and heaviest、except the Arctic Ocean)。
做海报三步:定标题(最高级最抓眼)→ 集信息(按 4b 四问分工查证)→ 排版展示(图大字少、句短有力,展示时每人负责一问的解说)。
答第 2 问说全三要素:三者以上、the + 最高级、in/of/among 范围;答第 4 问用"链条法"举一例即可——四问全答上来,本单元就算真正拿下。
答题技巧
(详见各任务练习解题思路)
语言点归纳
Reflecting 单元自评与主题升华:本课是 Unit 4 的收官课:先用 2a-2d 四个板块把词汇从分类、构词到语篇用活,再借蓝鲸课文把最高级与事实表格合练,3b、3c 的第一人称自述完成从"读"到"写"的迁移,Project 海报让语法、词汇与主题在小组合作中落地。蓝鲸死后滋养海洋的段落与蜜蜂授粉的段落共同回答了单元大问题 What makes plants and animals amazing?——动植物的神奇,最终都指向它们与我们息息相关:Take care of animals and plants because we cannot live without them.
课堂总结
本课时(课本 p.38-40)集词汇、读写、项目于一体:2a 从五组词中圈出不同类的词(habit / enjoy / smart / watch / bread)并说明理由;2b 用后缀 -ance、-(t)ion、-ness、-ity 把 act、good、kind 等十词变成名词;2c 用 appear、disappoint、imagine、store、weigh 的适当形式完成五句;2d 用 however、important、land、planet、protect 的适当形式补全青蛙短文;3a 精读 The Blue Whale 并完成五项事实表格(体重 200 tons、遍布除北冰洋外的所有海洋、每天吃约四吨最小动物、寿命可达 90 年、死亡后滋养海洋生态);3b、3c 化身蓝鲸 Billy 完成第一人称自述;Project 分组选择或自拟海报标题(The Strangest Animal 等六个选项),收集图文、制作海报并评选最佳。单元主题语:Take care of animals and plants because we cannot live without them.
随堂笔记
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