热点03 治沙女王殷玉珍 牛来 葫芦娃爷爷 大学水课 多巴胺陷阱 人形机器人首次活体手术 月球地质图（时文阅读+重难词汇+长难句精析+全文翻译）2027年高考英语热点时文阅读

**基本信息** 以2026年热点话题为载体，融合语法填空与阅读理解，系统训练语言综合运用能力，兼顾文化意识与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法填空|3题（殷玉珍寻亲/牛来电影/月球地质图）|考查动词时态、介词、非谓语等语法点，语境化设空|以热点事件为线索，串联基础语法知识，实现语法规则在真实语境中的应用迁移| |阅读理解|4题（葫芦娃爷爷/大学水课/多巴胺陷阱/人形机器人手术）|涵盖细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等题型，话题贴近社会现实|围绕社会现象与科技发展，构建"现象描述-问题分析-价值探讨"逻辑链，提升批判性思维与信息筛选能力|

热点03 治沙女王殷玉珍 牛来 葫芦娃爷爷 大学水课 多巴胺陷阱 人形机器人首次活体手术 月球地质图 1 语法填空 2026年5月，治沙女王殷玉珍为树寻亲 2 语法填空 低成本电影牛来意外走红 3 语法填空 绍兴葫芦娃爷爷出圈 4 阅读理解 大学“水课”：流于形式的教育困境与革新 5 阅读理解 破解手机成瘾：揭秘多巴胺陷阱与科技理性回归 6 阅读理解 2026年七月，全球首次：宇树人形机器人远程做猪活体手术，登上Nature 7 短文填空 2026年8月6日，1:500万《月球地质图》正式完成 ( 0 1 语法填空 ) In May 2026, Yin Yuzhen, a model worker famous for planting trees and fighting desertification (荒漠化), posted a video online. She was looking for Ronald Sakorsky, an old friend she 1 (not see) for 26 years. In 1999, Sakorsky was working 2 a teacher in Luoyang, Henan Province. One day, he learned about Yin and her work in the Mu Us Sandy Land. At that time, the land was tough and dry, 3 (cover) with sand. Sandstorms made life even harder. Yin and her husband had a lack of money and tools, but they continued to plant trees. Sakorsky 4 (move) by her story deeply. He decided to support Yin. He raised $5,000 and gave the money to help her buy young trees. Later, he went to the desert 5 (he), met Yin for the first time, and they planted a tree together. It was only a small tree, but it marked the beginning of a special friendship. After Sakorsky returned to the United States, the two friends gradually lost contact. But Yin never forgot her American friend. She wanted to tell him that the small tree had grown into a big one. More 6 (important), she wanted him to come back and see 7 the desert had changed. The video soon spread online. Many people joined the search, and Sakorsky was finally found. On August 23, 2026, Sakorsky arrived in Ordos, Inner Mongolia. The two friends finally met. They hugged each other and both cried out of 8 (excite). The next day, they went back to the desert and planted another tree together. 9 was once a dry and barren (贫瘠的) land has become green again. It is 10 green miracle made possible through their joint efforts. ( 0 2 语法填空 ) Recently, a Chinese movie called Niu Lai 1 (be) popular on the Internet. 2 it is a low-budget film, it has unexpectedly become a big hit in the 2026 summer season. Many people are talking about this amazing news. It first appeared on a popular video website and quickly caught the attention of young people. The news spread rapidly across social media platforms. The movie is a 3D animation that 3 (create) by only two people. They spent five years 4 (complete) it without a large team or much money. The story is about a cow named Niu Lai and its strange dreams. The cow dreams about flying in the sky and meeting magical animals. Because of its low quality and unexpected plot, it looks very different 5 normal movies. The two creators worked day and night to finish the project. After finishing it, they released the movie. Now, Niu Lai is successfully holding 6 (it) own among other movies this summer. As more and more people go to the cinema, netizens have also expressed diverse opinions. Many 7 (view) say that watching the movie makes them laugh out loud, and they consider it a breath of fresh air in the age of AI. Some even joke that the movie means the stock market will go up. While some people think it is a great film, 8 believe it is just a funny joke 9 (make) by amateurs. However, no one can deny(否认) 10 this small movie has attracted widespread attention. ( 03 阅读理解 ) In the ancient water-town Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 1 75-year-old man Chen Jin’ao has become a popular online figure recently. Netizens warmly call him “Gourd Grandpa”. In spring, he bought several small gourd seedlings and planted them on his riverside balcony, simply 2 (hope) to add more life to his quiet old house. Unexpectedly, one vine produced seven full-grown green gourds, 3 appearance greatly reminded people of the cartoon characters in “Calabash Brothers”. Soon, photos of the seven gourds spread across the Internet. Large numbers of tourists traveled to the old street to take photos. Standing across the river, they shouted greetings to the grandpa. The kind old man would wave back 4 (patient). He even put up a small notice to tell visitors when he was resting so that strangers would not come for nothing. When some businessmen offered high prices to buy his gourds, he refused them firmly. To him, these gourds were just like his children rather than goods 5 sale. However, the sudden 6 (popular) brought much trouble. Crowds of visitors blocked the narrow road and created great noise. It disturbed the old couple’s peaceful life. What’s worse, too many visitors also caused 7 (hide) safety risks. After thinking twice, Grandpa Chen made a hard decision. All seven gourds 8 (cut) off by him in order to end the noisy online craze and get back their quiet daily life. ow Grandpa Chen still keeps the picked gourds at home. He does not seek fame or wealth. 9 he truly wants is nothing more than a peaceful life in his beloved old house. He 10 (treasure) the quiet simple life all the time. ( 04 阅读理解 ) At universities across China, a quiet joke circulates among students: some courses are not meant to be learned — only to be survived. These courses, affectionately — or not so affectionately — nicknamed “water courses” (shui ke), have become a familiar part of the higher education landscape. The name says it all: just as water takes the shape of its container without substance of its own, these classes are often criticized for being academically shallow, poorly designed, and lacking real intellectual challenge. What exactly qualifies as a “water course”? The list varies by university, but certain subjects appear again and again. Military Theory is a classic example. Required for most first-year students across the country, the course covers topics like national defense, military strategy, and China’s security environment. In theory, it is important content. In practice, many students describe it as a ritual of copying exam answers from a thin booklet handed out just before the test — cramming for a grade with no expectation of retaining any knowledge afterward. Mental Health Education, another common requirement, sometimes ends with a paper-and-pencil exam that tests students’ ability to recite definitions rather than their emotional well-being. The problem is not the subjects themselves. National security awareness and mental health are genuinely important. The problem is how these courses are often taught and assessed. Large lecture halls filled with hundreds of students, PowerPoint slides read aloud word for word by disengaged instructors, and exams that reward memorization rather than understanding — this is the recipe for a water course. When a final exam asks students to list the four types of military strategies or define eight psychological defense mechanisms, something has gone wrong. The form has eaten the substance. Why do such courses continue to exist? The reasons are multiple. For some universities, certain courses are required by national or local education policies, regardless of whether the institution has the resources or expertise to teach them well. For others, water courses serve a less visible function: they fill gaps in students’ schedules, generate credit hours for departments, and keep faculty members employed — even if their teaching does little to inspire. As one university administrator once put it, “Not every course can be a core course. Some are just... there.” The consequences, however, are real. For students, water courses take up time that could be spent on meaningful learning. The hours spent memorizing military theory definitions or cramming psychological terms are hours not spent on research projects, skill development, or deep reading. Worse, the experience of sitting through a water course can train students to expect that all learning is pointless — a dangerous lesson to absorb just when they should be discovering the joy of inquiry. For universities, the persistence of water courses signals a failure of curriculum design and teaching quality. It suggests an institution more concerned with checking boxes than with educating minds. Reform efforts have appeared in scattered places. Some universities have eliminated written exams for certain general education courses, replacing them with project-based assignments or experiential learning activities. A military theory course might end with a simulated strategy game rather than a multiple-choice test. A mental health class might require students to design their own self-care plan or complete a community service project related to well-being. These changes are promising, but they remain the exception rather than the rule. In the end, the problem of water courses cannot be solved by rearranging test formats alone. It requires a fundamental rethinking of what a university education is for. If a course does not actively contribute to students’ intellectual growth, critical thinking, or practical skills, perhaps it should not be a course at all. Until then, students will continue to whisper the same joke: the water is wide, and the swimming is shallow. 1．According to the passage, what is the most distinctive characteristic of a “water course”? A．It is extremely difficult and requires intense memorization. B．It is taught by the most experienced professors in the university. C．It lacks academic depth and genuine intellectual challenge. D．It focuses entirely on physical education and military training. 2．Why does the author mention the examples of Military Theory and Mental Health Education? A．To praise these courses for their importance to national security. B．To show that even well-intentioned subjects can become “water courses” when poorly taught. C．To argue that these courses should be removed from the university curriculum entirely. D．To demonstrate that students enjoy memorizing definitions for these subjects. 3．What does the author imply by the sentence “The form has eaten the substance” in paragraph 3? A．The appearance of the course is more important than what students actually eat. B．The university has spent too much money on course materials and not enough on food. C．The focus on testing formats and memorization has replaced meaningful learning. D．Students prefer courses with clear forms and structures over those without. 4．What can be inferred about the author’s attitude toward current reform efforts mentioned in paragraph 6? A．The author believes they have completely solved the problem. B．The author considers them a step in the right direction but still insufficient. C．The author opposes them because they make courses even easier. D．The author thinks they are a waste of time and resources. ( 05 阅读理解 ) The average smartphone users interact with their device approximately 150 times daily — a frequency amounting to once every six and a half waking minutes. While this figure has become almost commonplace, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such habitual behavior have only recently attracted serious research attention. Scientists at Stanford University have identified a feedback cycle they term the “dopamine (多巴胺) gap”: the interval between anticipating a notification and its actual delivery. During this period, the brain releases dopamine, generating a mild but powerful craving that encourages repeated checking. This biological tendency is deliberately exploited by the digital industry. Social media platforms and mobile applications are carefully engineered to leverage this mechanism through features like endless scrolling, unpredictable reward patterns, and push notifications — all intentional design choices aimed at maximizing user engagement and, consequently, advertising income. “These companies are not building tools,” argues Dr. Adam Alter, author of Irresistible. “They are constructing behavior-change systems disguised as everyday utilities.” The consequences extend well beyond wasted time. A 2025 study published in Psychological Science tracked 2,000 adolescents over five years, finding that each additional hour of daily social media use at age 14 was associated with a 13% increase in anxiety and depression symptoms by age 19. This relationship remained statistically significant even after accounting for family background and prior mental health conditions. Yet the industry’s response has been criticized as “performative minimalism” — features such as screen-time trackers and focus modes that provide users with an illusion of control while leaving the underlying addictive structure completely unchanged. A person who turns off notifications for a few hours inevitably returns to the same endless feed later. “It’s like putting a bandage on a broken bone,” observes Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford psychiatrist. “The essential problem remains unaddressed.” Some regulators are taking stronger action. The EU’s Digital Services Act, updated in 2025, now requires platforms to make their recommendation algorithms available for independent review. Meanwhile, a growing “digital minimalism” movement advocates for intentional reduction in technology use — not through more apps, but through personal behavioral changes like scheduling phone-free periods. The solution, it appears, lies not in abandoning technology entirely, but in reclaiming the control that its designers have gradually taken away. 1．What effect does the so-called “dopamine gap” bring about for smartphone users? A．Fewer smartphone notifications. B．Slow release of brain neurotransmitters. C．Frequent checking of their phones. D．Less interest in real-world interactions. 2．What does the underlined word “leverage” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Employ. B．Control. C．Shape. D．Generate. 3．Why does the author mention “screen-time trackers and focus modes” in Paragraph 4? A．To praise the industry’s efforts to address phone addiction. B．To illustrate the EU’s new regulatory requirements for apps. C．To suggest that users should rely more on built-in phone features. D．To argue that current solutions fail to solve the underlying problem. 4．Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main argument? A．Smartphone addiction is a minor issue that can be solved by users’ willpower. B．Digital tools are designed to capture attention, but users can regain control. C．Tech companies have deliberately exploited human biology for profit. D．Technology is inherently harmful and should be used as little as possible. ( 06 阅读理解 ) Human-like robots have helped doctors perform operations on pigs for the first time. This is a big step forward, as it is the first time such robots have been used to operate on living animals. Scientists believe these robots could make special surgery cheaper and easier to get in the future. A team at the University of California San Diego tested whether two-legged robots could help human doctors. The robots first practiced simple tasks like picking up objects and using medical tools. Human doctors controlled them from special machines, which allowed them to work more carefully and see the operation area more clearly. After the robots learned these basic skills, they moved on to harder tasks: removing gall bladders (胆囊) from pigs. The pigs were given medicine so they would not feel pain. Pigs, like humans, can live healthy lives without gall bladders. In one operation, a human doctor controlled the robot while another doctor helped next to the animal. In another, two robots worked together, both guided by doctors at the machines. Robot surgery already exists in hospitals. The Da Vinci system, for example, lets doctors guide robot arms to do careful tasks using a special camera for difficult operations. However, these old systems are large and costly, making them hard to deploy in many places. The human-like robots, called “Surgie,” have clear advantages. They are smaller, easier to move, and much cheaper to produce. This could allow doctors to control them from far away, bringing special surgery to patients in far areas who cannot easily reach hospitals. “Our goal is a future operating room where robots and humans work side by side as a team,” said engineer Michael Yip. Doctor Shanglei Liu added that the technology could be very useful “in dangerous places or areas that are hard to reach.” While there are still problems to solve, this success shows a promising future. The researchers believe these robots could change healthcare, helping patients in poor areas get timely treatment no matter where they live. 1．Why did the robots practice simple tasks first? A．To master their basic skills. B．To reduce need for doctors. C．To ensure security in use. D．To prepare for harder tasks. 2．What does the underlined word “deploy” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Design and build. B．Repair and fix up. C．Launch and apply. D．Study and test out. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards robot surgery? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Unclear. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Robots: A Helpful Hand in Hospitals B．Robots: A Team with Doctors C．Robots: A Promising Tool for Surgery D．Robots: A New Way to Cure ( 07 语法填空 ) Chinese scientists have finished an updated 1:5,000,000-scale geological map of the entire moon, providing a detailed scientific 1 (refer) to advance global lunar research and guide future deep-space missions. Led by researchers from the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the project draws on 2 (extend) observational data collected throughout the Chang’e lunar exploration program. The main map 3 (measure) 280 centimeters by 120 centimeters, supplemented (补充) by separate geological maps of the moon’s north and south polar regions. It marks more than 13,000 impact craters (撞击坑) and 81 impact basins, while marking 14 4 (category) of geological structures and 17 types of lunar surface rocks. A key achievement is the 5 (revise) timeline of lunar evolution. The research team updated the age boundaries of three ancient lunar geological periods: the Aitkenian Period at 4.33 billion years ago, the Nectarian Period at 4.17 billion years ago, and the Imbrian Period at 3.92 billion years ago. For the first time globally, 6 map lays out clear subdivisions of the moon’s later geological history, allowing scientists 7 (distinguish) different stages of its evolution. 8 (draw) on findings from the Chang’e-4and Chang’e-6 missions, the team identified gabbronorite, a dark, coarse-grained igneous rock, in the South Pole-Aitken Basin. This newly recognized rock provides rare direct evidence of materials 9 originated deep within the moon, revealing fresh clues about the satellite’s internal structure. Experts believe the new map will serve 10 a powerful tool for human exploration of the solar system’s evolution. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点03 治沙女王殷玉珍 牛来 葫芦娃爷爷 大学水课 多巴胺陷阱 人形机器人首次活体手术 月球地质图 1 语法填空 2026年5月，治沙女王殷玉珍为树寻亲 2 语法填空 低成本电影牛来意外走红 3 语法填空 绍兴葫芦娃爷爷出圈 4 阅读理解 大学“水课”：流于形式的教育困境与革新 5 阅读理解 破解手机成瘾：揭秘多巴胺陷阱与科技理性回归 6 阅读理解 2026年七月，全球首次：宇树人形机器人远程做猪活体手术，登上Nature 7 短文填空 2026年8月6日，1:500万《月球地质图》正式完成 ( 0 1 语法填空 ) In May 2026, Yin Yuzhen, a model worker famous for planting trees and fighting desertification (荒漠化), posted a video online. She was looking for Ronald Sakorsky, an old friend she 1 (not see) for 26 years. In 1999, Sakorsky was working 2 a teacher in Luoyang, Henan Province. One day, he learned about Yin and her work in the Mu Us Sandy Land. At that time, the land was tough and dry, 3 (cover) with sand. Sandstorms made life even harder. Yin and her husband had a lack of money and tools, but they continued to plant trees. Sakorsky 4 (move) by her story deeply. He decided to support Yin. He raised $5,000 and gave the money to help her buy young trees. Later, he went to the desert 5 (he), met Yin for the first time, and they planted a tree together. It was only a small tree, but it marked the beginning of a special friendship. After Sakorsky returned to the United States, the two friends gradually lost contact. But Yin never forgot her American friend. She wanted to tell him that the small tree had grown into a big one. More 6 (important), she wanted him to come back and see 7 the desert had changed. The video soon spread online. Many people joined the search, and Sakorsky was finally found. On August 23, 2026, Sakorsky arrived in Ordos, Inner Mongolia. The two friends finally met. They hugged each other and both cried out of 8 (excite). The next day, they went back to the desert and planted another tree together. 9 was once a dry and barren (贫瘠的) land has become green again. It is 10 green miracle made possible through their joint efforts. 【答案】 1. hadn’t seen 2. as 3. covered 4. was moved 5. himself 6. importantly 7. how 8. excitement 9. What 10. a 【导语】 本文讲述劳动模范殷玉珍扎根毛乌素沙地植树治沙的故事。26 年前，美国友人 Sakorsky 被她的治沙事迹打动，捐款助力育苗，二人共同种下小树并结下特殊友谊，后来因故失去联系。多年后殷玉珍发布视频寻找老友，二人重逢，再度携手植树。文章告诉我们，坚持治沙与跨越国界的善意，共同创造出沙漠变绿洲的绿色奇迹。 【详解】 1. 句意：她正在寻找罗纳德・萨科尔斯基，一位她 26 年未曾见过的老朋友。先行词 an old friend 后接定语从句，“未曾相见” 发生在过去动作 was looking for 之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，故填 hadn’t seen。 2. 句意：1999 年，萨科尔斯基在河南洛阳担任一名教师。固定搭配 work as，表示 “担任；以…… 身份工作”，故填 as。 3. 句意：那时土地贫瘠干旱，被沙子覆盖。逻辑主语 the land 和 cover 是被动关系，covered 为过去分词作伴随状语，be covered with 表示 “被…… 覆盖”，故填 covered。 4. 句意：萨科尔斯基被她的故事深深打动。主语 Sakorsky 和 move 之间为被动关系；全文叙述过去事件，主语是单数，一般过去时被动语态，故填 was moved。 5. 句意：后来，他亲自来到沙漠，第一次见到殷玉珍，他们一起种下一棵树。此处用反身代词作同位语，强调 “亲自”，he 对应的反身代词是 himself，故填 himself。 6. 句意：更重要的是，她想让他回来看看沙漠发生了怎样的变化。more importantly 是固定短语，作评注性状语修饰整个句子，要用副词形式，故填 importantly。 7. 句意：更重要的是，她想让他回来看看沙漠发生了怎样的变化。本句是宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，表示 “如何、怎样”，用 how 引导，故填 how。 8. 句意：他们互相拥抱，都激动地哭了。介词 of 后面接名词作宾语；excite 是动词，名词形式为 excitement，out of excitement 意为 “激动地”，故填 excitement。 9. 句意：这片曾经干旱贫瘠的土地再次披上绿装。本句为主语从句，what 在从句中充当主语，表示 “…… 的事物 / 土地”，位于句首首字母大写，故填 What。 10. 句意：这是依靠他们共同努力才得以实现的绿色奇迹。miracle 是可数名词单数，green 以辅音音素开头，此处表泛指 “一个”，填不定冠词 a，故填 a。 重难词汇: 1. desertification /dɪˌzɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 沙漠化，荒漠化 2. lack /læk/n. 缺乏，不足 3. barren /ˈbærən/adj. 贫瘠的，荒芜的 4. joint /dʒɔɪnt/adj. 共同的，联合的 长难句精析： 1. 原句：More importantly, she wanted him to come back and see how the desert had changed. 翻译：更重要的是，她希望他回来，看看沙漠发生了怎样的变化。 分析：`More importantly` 副词短语作评注性状语，修饰整个主句；主句主干为`she wanted him to come back and see`；`how the desert had changed` 是 how 引导的宾语从句，作 see 的宾语；从句使用过去完成时`had changed`，表示沙漠环境的改变发生在 “希望他回来” 这个过去动作之前，how 在从句内作方式状语。 2. 原句：What was once a dry and barren land has become green again. 翻译：这片曾经干旱贫瘠的土地，再度焕发绿意。 分析：`What was once a dry and barren land` 是主语从句，what 在主语从句中充当主语，整个主语从句作主句主语；主句谓语`has become`为现在完成时，侧重体现土地从过去荒芜到如今变绿的变化结果，是高考重点句型。 全文翻译： 2026 年 5 月，劳动模范殷玉珍在网上发布了一段视频，她因植树、对抗荒漠化而闻名。她正在寻找罗纳德・萨科尔斯基，一位阔别 26 年的老友。 1999 年，萨科尔斯基在河南洛阳任教。一天，他了解到殷玉珍在毛乌素沙地的治沙工作。那时的土地恶劣干旱，黄沙遍布，沙尘暴让生活愈发艰难。殷玉珍和丈夫缺少资金与工具，但依旧坚持种树。 萨科尔斯基被她的故事深深打动，决定资助殷玉珍。他筹集了 5000 美元，用来帮她购买树苗。后来，他亲自来到沙漠，第一次见到殷玉珍，二人一同种下一棵树。那只是一棵小小的树苗，却开启了一段特别的友谊。 萨科尔斯基回到美国后，两位朋友渐渐失去了联系。但殷玉珍从未忘记这位美国友人。她想告诉他，当年那棵小树已经长成大树。更重要的是，她希望他回来看看沙漠发生了怎样的变化。 这段视频很快在网上传播开来，许多人帮忙寻找，萨科尔斯基最终被找到。2026 年 8 月 23 日，萨科尔斯基抵达内蒙古鄂尔多斯。两位老友终于重逢，相拥在一起，激动落泪。第二天，他们重返沙漠，再次共同种下一棵树。这片曾经干旱贫瘠的土地，再度披上绿装。这是依靠他们共同努力才实现的绿色奇迹。 ( 0 2 语法填空 ) Recently, a Chinese movie called Niu Lai 1 (be) popular on the Internet. 2 it is a low-budget film, it has unexpectedly become a big hit in the 2026 summer season. Many people are talking about this amazing news. It first appeared on a popular video website and quickly caught the attention of young people. The news spread rapidly across social media platforms. The movie is a 3D animation that 3 (create) by only two people. They spent five years 4 (complete) it without a large team or much money. The story is about a cow named Niu Lai and its strange dreams. The cow dreams about flying in the sky and meeting magical animals. Because of its low quality and unexpected plot, it looks very different 5 normal movies. The two creators worked day and night to finish the project. After finishing it, they released the movie. Now, Niu Lai is successfully holding 6 (it) own among other movies this summer. As more and more people go to the cinema, netizens have also expressed diverse opinions. Many 7 (view) say that watching the movie makes them laugh out loud, and they consider it a breath of fresh air in the age of AI. Some even joke that the movie means the stock market will go up. While some people think it is a great film, 8 believe it is just a funny joke 9 (make) by amateurs. However, no one can deny(否认) 10 this small movie has attracted widespread attention. 【答案】 1. has been 2. Although/Though/While 3. was created 4. completing 5. from 6. its 7. viewers 8. others 9. made 10. that 【导语】 本文介绍国产 3D 动画电影《牛来》意外走红的故事。这部低成本影片仅由两人耗时五年独立制作，剧情天马行空，上线后迅速在网络出圈。网友们对这部作品褒贬不一，但不可否认它收获了广泛的关注。 【详解】 1. 句意：最近，一部名叫《牛来》的国产电影在网上走红。Recently 是现在完成时的标志词，强调状态从过去延续到现在；主语 a Chinese movie 是单数，故填 has been。 2. 句意：虽然这是一部低成本电影，但它意外成为 2026 年暑期档爆款。前后两个分句为让步关系，表示 “虽然、尽管”，置于句首首字母大写，故填 Although/Though/While。 3. 句意：这部电影是一部 3D 动画，仅由两个人制作。that 指代先行词 animation，动画是 “被制作”，存在被动关系；讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 was created。 4. 句意：他们花了五年时间完成这部作品，没有庞大的团队，资金也不多。固定搭配 spend time (in) doing sth.，意为 “花费时间做某事”，故填 completing。 5. 句意：由于画质粗糙、剧情出人意料，它和普通电影有很大不同。固定短语 be different from，表示 “与…… 不同”，故填 from。 6. 句意：如今，《牛来》在今年暑期众多影片的竞争中成功站稳脚跟。固定习语 hold one’s own，意为 “站稳脚跟，不落下风”，此处物主代词修饰 own，it 对应的形容词性物主代词是 its，故填 its。 7. 句意：许多观众说观看这部电影让他们放声大笑，他们认为在 AI 时代，它让人耳目一新。many 后接可数名词复数；view 表示观看，对应的表人的名词 viewer 意为 “观众”，故填 viewers。 8. 句意：尽管一些人认为这是一部很棒的电影，另一些人认为它只是业余爱好者打造的趣味笑料。固定结构 some…others…，表示 “一些…… 另一些……”，故填 others。 9. 句意：尽管一些人认为这是一部很棒的电影，另一些人认为它只是业余爱好者打造的趣味笑料。joke 和 make 之间是被动关系，表示 “被制作的笑话”，用过去分词作后置定语，故填 made。 10. 句意：然而，没人能否认这部小成本电影已经吸引了广泛关注。deny 后接宾语从句，从句句意完整、不缺少句子成分，用 that 引导宾语从句，that 只起连接作用，故填 that。 重难词汇: 1. release /rɪˈliːs/ v. 发行；发布 2. diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ adj. 多种多样的 3. stock /stɒk/ n. 股票 4. amateur /ˈæmətə(r)/ n. 业余爱好者 5. deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ v. 否认；否定 6. widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/adj. 广泛普遍的 长难句精析： 1. 句子：Although it is a low-budget film, it has unexpectedly become a big hit in the 2026 summer season.翻译：虽然这是一部低成本电影，但它出人意料地成为 2026 暑期档的爆款。 分析：本句为although 引导的让步状语从句；从句 it is a low-budget film，主句主干为 it has become a big hit；unexpectedly 副词作状语，修饰主句谓语。 2. 句子：While some people think it is a great film, others believe it is just a funny joke made by amateurs.翻译：尽管一些人认为这是一部很棒的影片，但另一些人认为它只是业余爱好者打造的趣味笑料。 分析：while 引导让步状语从句；主句 others believe 后接省略 that 的宾语从句；made by amateurs 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 joke。 全文翻译： 最近，一部名为《牛来》的国产电影在网络走红。虽然这是一部低成本影片，但它出人意料地成为 2026 年暑期档的爆款。很多人都在讨论这则令人惊叹的消息。影片最先出现在热门视频网站，迅速吸引年轻人的关注，消息在各大社交媒体平台快速传播。 这部 3D 动画电影仅由两个人制作完成。在没有庞大团队、资金短缺的情况下，他们耗时五年完成作品。故事围绕一头名叫牛来的小牛以及它离奇的梦境展开。小牛梦见自己飞上天空，遇见各种神奇的动物。由于画质粗糙、情节出人意料，这部影片和普通电影截然不同。两位创作者日夜赶工完成项目，制作结束后便发行了这部电影。 如今，《牛来》在今年暑期众多影片的竞争中成功站稳脚跟。随着越来越多观众走进影院，网友们也表达了各式各样的观点。许多观众说，观看这部电影让他们开怀大笑，认为在人工智能时代，它让人耳目一新。甚至有人开玩笑，这部电影的名字预示股市上涨。尽管一部分人认为这是一部优秀的影片，但另一些人认为，它仅仅是业余爱好者制作的趣味笑料。但不可否认，这部小电影已经收获了广泛的关注。 ( 03 阅读理解 ) In the ancient water-town Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, 1 75-year-old man Chen Jin’ao has become a popular online figure recently. Netizens warmly call him “Gourd Grandpa”. In spring, he bought several small gourd seedlings and planted them on his riverside balcony, simply 2 (hope) to add more life to his quiet old house. Unexpectedly, one vine produced seven full-grown green gourds, 3 appearance greatly reminded people of the cartoon characters in “Calabash Brothers”. Soon, photos of the seven gourds spread across the Internet. Large numbers of tourists traveled to the old street to take photos. Standing across the river, they shouted greetings to the grandpa. The kind old man would wave back 4 (patient). He even put up a small notice to tell visitors when he was resting so that strangers would not come for nothing. When some businessmen offered high prices to buy his gourds, he refused them firmly. To him, these gourds were just like his children rather than goods 5 sale. However, the sudden 6 (popular) brought much trouble. Crowds of visitors blocked the narrow road and created great noise. It disturbed the old couple’s peaceful life. What’s worse, too many visitors also caused 7 (hide) safety risks. After thinking twice, Grandpa Chen made a hard decision. All seven gourds 8 (cut) off by him in order to end the noisy online craze and get back their quiet daily life. ow Grandpa Chen still keeps the picked gourds at home. He does not seek fame or wealth. 9 he truly wants is nothing more than a peaceful life in his beloved old house. He 10 (treasure) the quiet simple life all the time. 【答案】 1. a 2. hoping 3. whose 4. patiently 5. for 6. popularity 7. hidden 8. were cut 9. What 10. treasures 【导语】 本文讲述浙江绍兴 75 岁的陈金敖老人，因种出一根藤上的七个葫芦意外走红网络。大量游客慕名而来，扰乱了老人安宁的生活。为回归平静，老人忍痛剪掉葫芦。故事告诉我们，应当尊重他人私人生活，欣赏美要保持恰当距离。 【详解】 1. 句意：在浙江古老的水乡绍兴，一位 75 岁的陈金敖老人近来成了网红。此处表泛指一位老人，75-year-old 以辅音音素开头，填不定冠词 a。 2. 句意：春天，他买了几株葫芦小苗，种在临河阳台，只是希望给安静的老宅增添生机。句子已有谓语动词，hope 与主语 he 是主动关系，用现在分词作伴随状语，填 hoping。 3. 句意：令人意外的是，一根藤蔓结出七个成熟的青葫芦，葫芦的外形让人们想起《葫芦兄弟》里的卡通人物。这是非限制性定语从句，先行词 gourds 和 appearance 为所属关系，表示 “葫芦的”，填 whose。 4. 句意：这位善良的老人会耐心地挥手回应。修饰动词短语 wave back 要用副词，patient 的副词形式是 patiently，填 patiently。 5. 句意：对他来说，这些葫芦如同自己的孩子，而非待售的商品。固定短语 for sale 表示 “待售，供出售”，填 for。 6. 句意：然而，突如其来的人气带来了诸多麻烦。形容词 sudden 后接名词，popular 的名词形式为 popularity，表示 “人气”，填 popularity。 7. 句意：更糟糕的是，过多游客也带来了潜在的安全隐患。修饰名词 safety risks 要用形容词，hide 的过去分词 hidden 可作形容词，意为 “隐藏的、潜在的”，填 hidden。 8. 句意：为了结束这场喧闹的网络热潮，重新找回宁静的日常生活，他剪掉了全部七个葫芦。主语 All seven gourds 和 cut 是被动关系；事情发生在过去，主语为复数，一般过去时被动语态，填 were cut。 9. 句意：他真正想要的，只不过是在心爱的老宅过上平静的生活。本句是主语从句，引导词在从句中作 wants 的宾语，表示 “…… 的事物”，句首首字母大写，填 What。 10. 句意：他一直珍惜这份宁静简朴的生活。all the time 表示长期持续的状态，用一般现在时；主语 He 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用 treasures，填 treasures。 重难词汇: 1. figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ n. 网红；人物；形象；数字 2. netizen /ˈnetɪzn/ n. 网民 3. block /blɒk/ v. 堵塞；阻挡 n. 街区；大块 4. disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/ v. 打扰；扰乱；妨碍 5. fame /feɪm/ n. 名声；名气；声誉 长难句精析： 1. 原句：Unexpectedly, one vine produced seven full-grown green gourds, whose appearance greatly reminded people of the cartoon characters in “Calabash Brothers”. 翻译：令人意外的是，一根藤蔓结出了七个饱满成熟的青葫芦，这些葫芦的外形让人们联想到《葫芦兄弟》中的卡通形象。 分析：本句主干为 one vine produced seven full-grown green gourds。包含非限制性定语从句，whose 指代先行词 gourds，在从句中作定语表所属，修饰 appearance，是高考语法填空、阅读高频考点。 2. 原句：He even put up a small notice to tell visitors when he was resting so that strangers would not come for nothing. 翻译：他甚至张贴了一张小小的告示，告知游客自己的休息时间，以免访客白白跑一趟。 分析：不定式 to tell visitors 作目的状语；when 引导宾语从句，作 tell 的宾语；so that 引导目的状语从句，表“以便、为了”，多层从句嵌套，是高考阅读典型句式。 3. 原句：What he truly wants is nothing more than a peaceful life in his beloved old house. 翻译：他真正渴求的，不过是在心爱的老宅中过一份平静安稳的生活。 分析：What 引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，充当整个句子的主语；固定搭配 nothing more than 意为“只不过、仅仅”，是高考高频短语。 全文翻译： 在浙江古韵水乡绍兴，一位75岁的老人陈金敖近日走红网络，成为一名网红人物，网友们亲切地称他为“葫芦爷爷”。今年春天，他购置了几株葫芦幼苗，栽种在临河的阳台上，只为给静谧的老宅增添几分生机。出乎意料的是，一根藤蔓上结出了七个饱满成熟的青葫芦，其外形酷似《葫芦兄弟》中的卡通形象。 很快，这七个葫芦的照片在网络上广泛传播。大批游客慕名来到老街打卡拍照。他们隔河向老人挥手问好，善良的老人总会耐心挥手回应。为了不让游客白跑一趟，他特意张贴告示，标注自己的休息时间。曾有商人出高价想要收购这些葫芦，都被他断然拒绝。在他心中，这些葫芦如同自己的孩子，绝非用来交易的商品。 然而，突如其来的爆红带来了诸多困扰。络绎不绝的游客堵塞了狭窄的街巷，嘈杂的声响扰乱了老两口平静的生活。更严重的是，大量人流也带来了潜在的安全隐患。深思熟虑后，陈爷爷做出了艰难的决定，剪掉了所有葫芦，以此平息这场喧闹的网络热潮，重拾安稳的日常。 如今，陈爷爷依旧妥善保存着摘下的葫芦。他淡泊名利，不求声名与财富。于他而言，最珍贵的不过是老宅里平淡安宁的生活，而他也始终珍视这份简单纯粹的幸福。 ( 04 阅读理解 ) At universities across China, a quiet joke circulates among students: some courses are not meant to be learned — only to be survived. These courses, affectionately — or not so affectionately — nicknamed “water courses” (shui ke), have become a familiar part of the higher education landscape. The name says it all: just as water takes the shape of its container without substance of its own, these classes are often criticized for being academically shallow, poorly designed, and lacking real intellectual challenge. What exactly qualifies as a “water course”? The list varies by university, but certain subjects appear again and again. Military Theory is a classic example. Required for most first-year students across the country, the course covers topics like national defense, military strategy, and China’s security environment. In theory, it is important content. In practice, many students describe it as a ritual of copying exam answers from a thin booklet handed out just before the test — cramming for a grade with no expectation of retaining any knowledge afterward. Mental Health Education, another common requirement, sometimes ends with a paper-and-pencil exam that tests students’ ability to recite definitions rather than their emotional well-being. The problem is not the subjects themselves. National security awareness and mental health are genuinely important. The problem is how these courses are often taught and assessed. Large lecture halls filled with hundreds of students, PowerPoint slides read aloud word for word by disengaged instructors, and exams that reward memorization rather than understanding — this is the recipe for a water course. When a final exam asks students to list the four types of military strategies or define eight psychological defense mechanisms, something has gone wrong. The form has eaten the substance. Why do such courses continue to exist? The reasons are multiple. For some universities, certain courses are required by national or local education policies, regardless of whether the institution has the resources or expertise to teach them well. For others, water courses serve a less visible function: they fill gaps in students’ schedules, generate credit hours for departments, and keep faculty members employed — even if their teaching does little to inspire. As one university administrator once put it, “Not every course can be a core course. Some are just... there.” The consequences, however, are real. For students, water courses take up time that could be spent on meaningful learning. The hours spent memorizing military theory definitions or cramming psychological terms are hours not spent on research projects, skill development, or deep reading. Worse, the experience of sitting through a water course can train students to expect that all learning is pointless — a dangerous lesson to absorb just when they should be discovering the joy of inquiry. For universities, the persistence of water courses signals a failure of curriculum design and teaching quality. It suggests an institution more concerned with checking boxes than with educating minds. Reform efforts have appeared in scattered places. Some universities have eliminated written exams for certain general education courses, replacing them with project-based assignments or experiential learning activities. A military theory course might end with a simulated strategy game rather than a multiple-choice test. A mental health class might require students to design their own self-care plan or complete a community service project related to well-being. These changes are promising, but they remain the exception rather than the rule. In the end, the problem of water courses cannot be solved by rearranging test formats alone. It requires a fundamental rethinking of what a university education is for. If a course does not actively contribute to students’ intellectual growth, critical thinking, or practical skills, perhaps it should not be a course at all. Until then, students will continue to whisper the same joke: the water is wide, and the swimming is shallow. 1．According to the passage, what is the most distinctive characteristic of a “water course”? A．It is extremely difficult and requires intense memorization. B．It is taught by the most experienced professors in the university. C．It lacks academic depth and genuine intellectual challenge. D．It focuses entirely on physical education and military training. 2．Why does the author mention the examples of Military Theory and Mental Health Education? A．To praise these courses for their importance to national security. B．To show that even well-intentioned subjects can become “water courses” when poorly taught. C．To argue that these courses should be removed from the university curriculum entirely. D．To demonstrate that students enjoy memorizing definitions for these subjects. 3．What does the author imply by the sentence “The form has eaten the substance” in paragraph 3? A．The appearance of the course is more important than what students actually eat. B．The university has spent too much money on course materials and not enough on food. C．The focus on testing formats and memorization has replaced meaningful learning. D．Students prefer courses with clear forms and structures over those without. 4．What can be inferred about the author’s attitude toward current reform efforts mentioned in paragraph 6? A．The author believes they have completely solved the problem. B．The author considers them a step in the right direction but still insufficient. C．The author opposes them because they make courses even easier. D．The author thinks they are a waste of time and resources. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章探讨了中国大学中“水课”现象，分析了其特点、成因、影响以及改革尝试，指出问题的根源在于教学和评估方式，而非课程本身。   【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The name says it all: just as water takes the shape of its container without substance of its own, these classes are often criticized for being academically shallow, poorly designed, and lacking real intellectual challenge. (这个名字说明了一切：就像水没有自己的固定形状而是随容器形状而变一样，这些课程常被批评为学术浅薄、设计糟糕、缺乏真正的智力挑战。)”可知，“水课”最显著的特点是缺乏学术深度和真正的智力挑战。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The problem is not the subjects themselves. National security awareness and mental health are genuinely important. The problem is how these courses are often taught and assessed. (问题不在于课程本身。国家安全意识和心理健康确实重要。问题在于这些课程的教学和评估方式。)”可知，作者用这些例子说明即使是立意良好的科目，如果教学和评估方式不当，也会变成“水课”。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Large lecture halls filled with hundreds of students, PowerPoint slides read aloud word for word by disengaged instructors, and exams that reward memorization rather than understanding — this is the recipe for a water course. When a final exam asks students to list the four types of military strategies or define eight psychological defense mechanisms, something has gone wrong. (数百名学生坐满了大讲堂，讲课老师漫不经心地逐字朗读幻灯片，考试奖励的是死记硬背而不是理解——这就是水课程的秘诀。当期末考试要求学生列出四种军事策略或定义八种心理防御机制时，就出问题了。)”以及“The form has eaten the substance. (形式已经吞噬了实质内容。)”可知，这句话的意思是过分注重考试形式和死记硬背，取代了有意义的学习。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段中“These changes are promising, but they remain the exception rather than the rule. (这些改革举措前景可观，但目前仍只是个别现象，并未普及。)”可知，作者认为当下的改革方向正确，但力度不足、覆盖面有限。 重难词汇: 1. shallow /ˈʃæləʊ/ adj. 肤浅的；浅显的；浅薄的 2. cram /kræm/ v. 临时死记硬背；填塞 3. recite /rɪˈsaɪt/ v. 背诵；复述 4. assess /əˈses/ v. 评估；评价；考核 5. regardless /rɪˈɡɑːdləs/ adv. 不管；无论 6. scattered /ˈskætəd/ adj. 零散的；分散的 长难句精析： 1. 原句：Just as water takes the shape of its container without substance of its own, these classes are often criticized for being academically shallow, poorly designed, and lacking real intellectual challenge. 翻译：正如水随容器塑形、本身无实质内容一样，这些课程常被诟病学术内容浅显、课程设计粗糙，且缺乏真正的思维挑战性。 分析：本句为复合句。Just as 引导方式状语从句，意为“正如……”；主句为被动语态these classes are often criticized；介词for后接三个并列的动名词短语作原因状语，句式工整，是高考高频并列结构考点。 2. 原句：For some universities, certain courses are required by national or local education policies, regardless of whether the institution has the resources or expertise to teach them well. 翻译：对部分高校而言，部分课程是国家或地方教育政策硬性要求开设的，无论学校是否具备充足的资源和专业能力开好这门课。 分析：主句为被动语态核心结构；regardless of 为高考高频介词短语，后接whether引导的宾语从句，作让步状语；不定式to teach them well 作后置定语，修饰resources and expertise。 3. 原句：Worse, the experience of sitting through a water course can train students to expect that all learning is pointless — a dangerous lesson to absorb just when they should be discovering the joy of inquiry. 翻译：更糟糕的是，敷衍上完水课的经历会让学生认为所有学习都是无意义的——在本应探索求知乐趣的阶段，这是一种极具负面影响的认知。 分析：主句主干为 the experience can train students；that引导宾语从句，作expect的宾语；破折号后为同位语，解释前文内容；when引导时间状语从句，修饰整个句子，句式嵌套丰富，贴合高考阅读难点。 全文翻译： 在中国各大高校，学生间流传着一个隐晦的玩笑：有些课程不是用来学习的，只是用来熬过去的。这些被学生或调侃、或无奈地称作“水课”的课程，已然成为高等教育中常见的现象。这个名字精准概括了其本质：正如水依附容器成型、无自身实质一样，这类课程常被指责学术内容浅显、设计粗糙，缺乏真正的思维锻炼价值。 究竟什么样的课程算是水课？各个高校的界定不尽相同，但部分课程普遍上榜，军事理论就是典型代表。这是全国绝大多数大一学生的必修课，内容涵盖国防知识、军事战略和中国安全环境等。理论上，这门课意义重大。但在实际学习中，很多学生只是在考前领取薄薄的复习手册，照搬答案应付考试——只为分数临时突击，考完便忘，学不到任何实质性知识。另一门常见必修课心理健康教育，有时也仅以纸笔考试收尾，考察的是学生背诵定义的能力，而非真正的心理健康素养。 问题不在于课程本身。国家安全意识培养和心理健康教育本身极具价值，真正的问题在于这类课程的授课方式与考核模式。数百人的大课堂、照本宣科的授课老师、重背诵轻理解的考试模式，共同造就了一门门水课。当期末考试只要求学生罗列四种军事战略、背诵八种心理防御机制的定义时，教育已然本末倒置，形式彻底凌驾于内容之上。 既然弊端凸显，这类课程为何依然存在？原因是多方面的。部分高校开设相关课程是遵守国家或地方教育政策要求，无论学校是否具备优质的教学资源和专业师资。而对另一些学校来说，水课有着隐性作用：填补学生的课表空缺、为院系积攒学分课时、保障教职工岗位，即便这类课程的教学毫无启发意义。正如一位高校管理者所言：“并非所有课程都是核心专业课，有些课程只是凑数存在而已。” 但水课带来的负面影响切实存在。对学生而言，应付水课耗费了大量可用于深度学习的时间。死记硬背军事理论定义、突击背诵心理学术语的时间，本可以用来开展科研项目、提升综合技能或深度阅读。更糟糕的是，长期应付水课会让学生误以为所有学习都毫无意义，在本该探索求知乐趣的年纪，形成错误的学习认知。对高校而言，水课的长期存在，暴露了课程设计和教学质量的短板，体现出部分高校重形式达标、轻实质育人的问题。 目前，国内已有部分高校开展零散的教学改革。部分高校取消了通识课的笔试模式，改用项目式作业、体验式学习替代。军事理论课不再以选择题考试收尾，而是通过模拟战略推演完成结课考核；心理健康课要求学生制定自我调节方案，或完成相关公益实践活动。这些改革举措值得肯定，但目前仍只是个例，尚未普及。 归根结底，仅靠调整考试形式无法彻底解决水课问题，高校需要重新审视教育的核心意义。如果一门课程无法助力学生的思维成长、批判性思考和实用技能提升，那它本就没有开设的必要。在此之前，学生们的玩笑仍会继续流传：水势浩荡，所学甚浅。 ( 05 阅读理解 ) The average smartphone users interact with their device approximately 150 times daily — a frequency amounting to once every six and a half waking minutes. While this figure has become almost commonplace, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such habitual behavior have only recently attracted serious research attention. Scientists at Stanford University have identified a feedback cycle they term the “dopamine (多巴胺) gap”: the interval between anticipating a notification and its actual delivery. During this period, the brain releases dopamine, generating a mild but powerful craving that encourages repeated checking. This biological tendency is deliberately exploited by the digital industry. Social media platforms and mobile applications are carefully engineered to leverage this mechanism through features like endless scrolling, unpredictable reward patterns, and push notifications — all intentional design choices aimed at maximizing user engagement and, consequently, advertising income. “These companies are not building tools,” argues Dr. Adam Alter, author of Irresistible. “They are constructing behavior-change systems disguised as everyday utilities.” The consequences extend well beyond wasted time. A 2025 study published in Psychological Science tracked 2,000 adolescents over five years, finding that each additional hour of daily social media use at age 14 was associated with a 13% increase in anxiety and depression symptoms by age 19. This relationship remained statistically significant even after accounting for family background and prior mental health conditions. Yet the industry’s response has been criticized as “performative minimalism” — features such as screen-time trackers and focus modes that provide users with an illusion of control while leaving the underlying addictive structure completely unchanged. A person who turns off notifications for a few hours inevitably returns to the same endless feed later. “It’s like putting a bandage on a broken bone,” observes Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford psychiatrist. “The essential problem remains unaddressed.” Some regulators are taking stronger action. The EU’s Digital Services Act, updated in 2025, now requires platforms to make their recommendation algorithms available for independent review. Meanwhile, a growing “digital minimalism” movement advocates for intentional reduction in technology use — not through more apps, but through personal behavioral changes like scheduling phone-free periods. The solution, it appears, lies not in abandoning technology entirely, but in reclaiming the control that its designers have gradually taken away. 1．What effect does the so-called “dopamine gap” bring about for smartphone users? A．Fewer smartphone notifications. B．Slow release of brain neurotransmitters. C．Frequent checking of their phones. D．Less interest in real-world interactions. 2．What does the underlined word “leverage” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Employ. B．Control. C．Shape. D．Generate. 3．Why does the author mention “screen-time trackers and focus modes” in Paragraph 4? A．To praise the industry’s efforts to address phone addiction. B．To illustrate the EU’s new regulatory requirements for apps. C．To suggest that users should rely more on built-in phone features. D．To argue that current solutions fail to solve the underlying problem. 4．Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main argument? A．Smartphone addiction is a minor issue that can be solved by users’ willpower. B．Digital tools are designed to capture attention, but users can regain control. C．Tech companies have deliberately exploited human biology for profit. D．Technology is inherently harmful and should be used as little as possible. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍多巴胺缺口原理，社交媒体利用该机制吸引用户以及解决手机成瘾的办法。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “During this period, the brain releases dopamine, generating a mild but powerful craving that encourages repeated checking.(在这期间，大脑释放多巴胺，产生一种微弱却强烈的渴望，促使人们反复查看手机。)”可知，多巴胺缺口会让使用者频繁查看手机。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的 “Social media platforms and mobile applications are carefully engineered to leverage this mechanism through features like endless scrolling, unpredictable reward patterns, and push notifications.(社交媒体平台和手机应用精心设计，通过无限滚动、随机奖励模式、推送通知等功能来leverage这一机制。)”以及结合语境，平台是利用、运用这个大脑机制，employ意为“运用，使用”。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “Yet the industry’s response has been criticized as “performative minimalism” — features such as screen-time trackers and focus modes that provide users with an illusion of control while leaving the underlying addictive structure completely unchanged.(然而行业的应对措施被批评为“表面极简主义”：屏幕使用时长追踪、专注模式这类功能只是给用户一种掌控感，底层的成瘾机制完全没有改变。)”可知，作者提到这些功能是为了说明当下的解决办法无法根除根本问题。故选 D 项。 4．主旨大意题。文章前几段详细分析了数字工具（智能手机、社交媒体等）是如何通过精心设计来利用人类生物学机制吸引注意力的，而在最后一段“The solution, it appears, lies not in abandoning technology entirely, but in reclaiming the control that its designers have gradually taken away.(解决之道似乎不在于完全放弃技术，而在于夺回设计者逐渐夺走的控制权)”点明了文章的核心观点：数字工具被设计用来吸引注意力，但用户可以重新获得控制权。 重难词汇: 1. underlying /ˌʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ/ adj. 潜在的；根本的；隐含的 2. exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ v. 利用（私利）；剥削；开发 3. disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz/ v. 伪装；掩饰 n. 伪装物 4. account /əˈkaʊnt/ v. 解释；占比 n. 账户；理由 5. illusion /ɪˈluːʒn/ n. 错觉；假象；幻想 6. unaddressed /ˌʌnəˈdrest/ adj. 未解决的；未处理的 长难句精析： 1. 原句：While this figure has become almost commonplace, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such habitual behavior have only recently attracted serious research attention. 翻译：尽管这一数据早已司空见惯，但造成这类习惯性行为的神经生物学机制，直到近期才受到学界的重点研究关注。 分析：本句为让步状语从句复合句。While 引导让步状语从句，表“尽管”；主句主干为 the neurobiological mechanisms have attracted attention；现在分词 underlying 作后置定语，修饰主语mechanisms，是高考高频定语考点。 2. 原句：Social media platforms and mobile applications are carefully engineered to leverage this mechanism through features like endless scrolling, unpredictable reward patterns, and push notifications — all intentional design choices aimed at maximizing user engagement and, consequently, advertising income. 翻译：社交媒体平台与手机应用经过精心设计，通过无限滑动、随机奖励机制、消息推送等功能利用这一生物机制，这些刻意的设计旨在最大化用户活跃度，进而提升广告收益。 分析：主句为被动语态；不定式 to leverage this mechanism 作目的状语；破折号后为同位语，解释前文功能；过去分词短语 aimed at 作后置定语，修饰design choices，句式层次丰富，贴合高考阅读难点。 3. 原句：This relationship remained statistically significant even after accounting for family background and prior mental health conditions. 翻译：即便排除家庭背景和既往心理健康状况的干扰，这一关联在统计学上依然显著。 分析：主句为主系表结构；after accounting for 为状语省略结构（省略主语和be动词），account for为高考高频短语，意为“考虑、排除……影响、解释”，是完形与阅读高频考点。 全文翻译： 普通智能手机用户每天与手机互动约150次，相当于清醒状态下每六分半钟就查看一次手机。尽管这一现象早已屡见不鲜，但导致这种习惯性行为的潜在神经生物学机制，直到最近才得到科研界的深入研究。斯坦福大学的科学家发现了一种名为“多巴胺缺口”的反馈循环：即用户期待消息推送与消息实际送达之间的时间间隔。在这一时间段内，大脑会分泌多巴胺，产生微弱却强烈的渴求感，促使人们反复查看手机。 数字行业刻意利用了这一生物特性。社交媒体平台和手机应用经过精心设计，通过无限下滑刷新、随机奖励模式、消息推送等功能利用该机制。这些刻意的设计，目的是最大限度提升用户活跃度，最终增加广告收入。《无法抗拒》一书的作者亚当·奥尔特博士表示：“这些公司打造的并非工具，而是伪装成日常应用软件的行为干预系统。” 手机成瘾带来的危害远不止浪费时间。2025年发表在《心理科学》上的一项研究，对2000名青少年进行了五年追踪调查。研究发现，14岁青少年每日每多使用一小时社交媒体，其19岁时的焦虑和抑郁症状就会增加13%。即便综合考量家庭背景和早期心理健康状况后，这一关联依旧显著。 然而，行业的应对措施被批评为“形式化极简主义”。屏幕使用时间统计、专注模式等功能，只是给用户营造出掌控手机的假象，却丝毫没有改变成瘾的核心机制。即便用户关闭几小时消息推送，最终还是会重新陷入无尽的信息流刷取中。斯坦福大学精神病学家安娜·伦布克博士评价道：“这如同给骨折贴创可贴，根本问题依旧没有得到解决。” 部分监管机构已采取更强有力的措施。2025年更新的欧盟《数字服务法案》，要求平台公开推荐算法，接受独立审查。与此同时，“数字极简主义”运动逐渐兴起，倡导人们主动减少电子产品使用，不依赖各类管控软件，而是通过制定无手机时段等个人行为调整，理性使用科技产品。 显而易见，解决问题的关键不在于彻底摒弃科技，而是夺回被产品设计者逐步夺走的个人掌控权。 ( 06 阅读理解 ) Human-like robots have helped doctors perform operations on pigs for the first time. This is a big step forward, as it is the first time such robots have been used to operate on living animals. Scientists believe these robots could make special surgery cheaper and easier to get in the future. A team at the University of California San Diego tested whether two-legged robots could help human doctors. The robots first practiced simple tasks like picking up objects and using medical tools. Human doctors controlled them from special machines, which allowed them to work more carefully and see the operation area more clearly. After the robots learned these basic skills, they moved on to harder tasks: removing gall bladders (胆囊) from pigs. The pigs were given medicine so they would not feel pain. Pigs, like humans, can live healthy lives without gall bladders. In one operation, a human doctor controlled the robot while another doctor helped next to the animal. In another, two robots worked together, both guided by doctors at the machines. Robot surgery already exists in hospitals. The Da Vinci system, for example, lets doctors guide robot arms to do careful tasks using a special camera for difficult operations. However, these old systems are large and costly, making them hard to deploy in many places. The human-like robots, called “Surgie,” have clear advantages. They are smaller, easier to move, and much cheaper to produce. This could allow doctors to control them from far away, bringing special surgery to patients in far areas who cannot easily reach hospitals. “Our goal is a future operating room where robots and humans work side by side as a team,” said engineer Michael Yip. Doctor Shanglei Liu added that the technology could be very useful “in dangerous places or areas that are hard to reach.” While there are still problems to solve, this success shows a promising future. The researchers believe these robots could change healthcare, helping patients in poor areas get timely treatment no matter where they live. 1．Why did the robots practice simple tasks first? A．To master their basic skills. B．To reduce need for doctors. C．To ensure security in use. D．To prepare for harder tasks. 2．What does the underlined word “deploy” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Design and build. B．Repair and fix up. C．Launch and apply. D．Study and test out. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards robot surgery? A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful. C．Worried. D．Unclear. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Robots: A Helpful Hand in Hospitals B．Robots: A Team with Doctors C．Robots: A Promising Tool for Surgery D．Robots: A New Way to Cure 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文介绍人形机器人首次在猪身上完成手术实验，探讨其在外科手术中的应用前景。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After the robots learned these basic skills, they moved on to harder tasks: removing gall bladders (胆囊) from pigs. (机器人掌握这些基础技能后，继续开展难度更高的任务：为猪切除胆囊。)”可知，机器人先练习简单任务，目的是为难度更高的任务做好准备。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Robot surgery already exists in hospitals. The Da Vinci system, for example, lets doctors guide robot arms to do careful tasks using a special camera for difficult operations. However, these old systems are large and costly, making them hard to deploy in many places. (机器人手术早已应用于医院。例如达芬奇手术系统，医生借助专用摄像头操控机械臂，完成高难度手术中的精细操作。然而，这些旧系统体积庞大且成本高昂，使得它们难以在很多地方deploy。)”可知，达芬奇手术系统已经投入医院使用，但设备体积大、造价高，由此推断该设备很难在多地投入使用、推广应用。“Launch and apply”意为“投入使用、应用”与“deploy”含义相近。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While there are still problems to solve, this success shows a promising future. The researchers believe these robots could change healthcare, helping patients in poor areas get timely treatment no matter where they live. (尽管仍有问题有待解决，但这次成功展示了充满希望的前景。研究人员相信这些机器人能够改变医疗保健，帮助偏远地区的患者及时得到救治。)”，由此可推知作者对机器人手术持乐观、充满希望的态度。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是首段“Human-like robots have helped doctors perform operations on pigs for the first time. This is a big step forward, as it is the first time such robots have been used to operate on living animals. Scientists believe these robots could make special surgery cheaper and easier to get in the future. (人形机器人首次协助医生在猪身上实施手术。这是一大进步，这是此类机器人首次用于活体动物手术。科学家认为这类机器人未来会让特殊手术更廉价、更容易普及)”可知，文章主要介绍人形机器人作为外科手术极具潜力的工具。C项“Robots: A Promising Tool for Surgery(机器人：一种极具前景的手术工具)”适合作为文章标题。 重难词汇: 1. access /ˈækses/ v. 获取；使用 n. 机会；通道 2. remove /rɪˈmuːv/ v. 移除；切除；去除 3. deploy /dɪˈplɔɪ/ v. 部署；投入使用；调度 4. promising /ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/ adj. 前景广阔的；大有希望的 长难句精析： 1. 原句：This is a big step forward, as it is the first time such robots have been used to operate on living animals. 翻译：这是一次重大进步，因为这是此类机器人首次被用于活体动物手术。 分析：复合句。as引导原因状语从句；从句嵌套it is the first time (that) 现在完成时高考固定句型，表示“第一次做某事”；从句为被动语态，贴合科技文高频句式。 2. 原句：However, these old systems are large and costly, making them hard to deploy in many places. 翻译：然而，这些传统系统体积庞大、成本高昂，难以在多地投入使用。 分析：简单句+结果状语结构。形容词作表语；现在分词making作结果状语；固定结构 make it + adj. + to do，it为形式宾语，真正宾语为后置不定式，是高考核心考点。 3. 原句：The researchers believe these robots could change healthcare, helping patients in poor areas get timely treatment no matter where they live. 翻译：研究人员认为，这类机器人有望变革医疗体系，让偏远贫困地区的患者无论身处何地都能获得及时救治。 分析：复合句。believe后接省略that的宾语从句；现在分词helping作伴随状语；末尾no matter where引导让步状语从句，高考高频句式嵌套。 全文翻译： 人形机器人首次协助医生完成了猪的外科手术。这是一项重大突破，标志着此类机器人首次应用于活体动物手术。科学家认为，未来这类机器人能够让特殊外科手术成本更低、普及度更高、更容易实现。 加州大学圣迭戈分校的一个研究团队测试了双足机器人辅助医生手术的可行性。这些机器人首先练习拾取物品、使用医疗器械等基础操作。人类医生通过专用设备远程操控机器人，让手术操作更加精细，手术视野也更加清晰。 掌握基础操作后，机器人开始执行难度更高的任务：为实验猪切除胆囊。研究人员为猪注射了止痛药物，确保其不会产生痛感。和人类一样，猪切除胆囊后依旧可以健康存活。其中一场手术由一名医生操控机器人、另一名医生现场辅助完成；另一场手术则由两台机器人协同作业，全程由医生远程操控指导。 机器人手术技术现已应用于临床医疗。例如，达芬奇手术系统可让医生借助专用摄像头操控机械臂，完成高精度、高难度手术。但这类传统设备体积大、造价高，难以大范围普及应用。 这款名为“Surgie”的人形机器人具备显著优势。它体型更小、便于移动、生产成本更低。这意味着医生可以远程操控其开展手术，为交通不便、医疗资源匮乏的偏远地区患者提供专科手术治疗。 工程师迈克尔·叶表示：“我们的目标是打造人机协同的未来手术室，让机器人与医生并肩协作。”刘尚磊医生补充道，这项技术在危险区域、偏远难抵达的地区极具应用价值。 尽管该技术仍存在待解决的问题，但此次成功验证了其广阔的发展前景。研究团队表示，这类机器人有望革新医疗行业，让偏远贫困地区的患者无论身处何地，都能获得及时的医疗救治。 ( 07 语法填空 ) Chinese scientists have finished an updated 1:5,000,000-scale geological map of the entire moon, providing a detailed scientific 1 (refer) to advance global lunar research and guide future deep-space missions. Led by researchers from the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the project draws on 2 (extend) observational data collected throughout the Chang’e lunar exploration program. The main map 3 (measure) 280 centimeters by 120 centimeters, supplemented (补充) by separate geological maps of the moon’s north and south polar regions. It marks more than 13,000 impact craters (撞击坑) and 81 impact basins, while marking 14 4 (category) of geological structures and 17 types of lunar surface rocks. A key achievement is the 5 (revise) timeline of lunar evolution. The research team updated the age boundaries of three ancient lunar geological periods: the Aitkenian Period at 4.33 billion years ago, the Nectarian Period at 4.17 billion years ago, and the Imbrian Period at 3.92 billion years ago. For the first time globally, 6 map lays out clear subdivisions of the moon’s later geological history, allowing scientists 7 (distinguish) different stages of its evolution. 8 (draw) on findings from the Chang’e-4and Chang’e-6 missions, the team identified gabbronorite, a dark, coarse-grained igneous rock, in the South Pole-Aitken Basin. This newly recognized rock provides rare direct evidence of materials 9 originated deep within the moon, revealing fresh clues about the satellite’s internal structure. Experts believe the new map will serve 10 a powerful tool for human exploration of the solar system’s evolution. 【答案】 1．reference 2．extensive 3．measures 4．categories 5．revised 6．the 7．to distinguish 8．Drawing 9．that/which 10．as 【导语】文章主要介绍中国科学家完成更新版全月1:500万地质图，阐述该地图的数据来源、内容、重要研究成果以及科研价值。 【详解】1．考查名词。句意：中国科学家完成了更新版的全月1:500万地质图，为推进全球月球研究、指导未来深空探测任务提供详尽的科学参考。空前scientific为形容词，后应接名词，refer的名词形式为reference，意为“参考”，作宾语。 2．考查形容词。句意：该项目由中国地质科学院地质研究所的研究人员牵头，利用嫦娥探月工程期间收集的大量观测数据。空处修饰名词短语observational data，应用形容词作定语，extend的形容词形式为extensive，意为“大量的，广泛的”。 3．考查谓语动词。句意：这幅主地图尺寸为280厘米×120厘米，另有月球南北极地区独立地质图作为补充。此处measure为不及物动词，表示“尺寸为……”，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the main map为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数measures。 4．考查名词。句意：它标注了13000多个撞击坑和81个撞击盆地，同时标记14类地质构造以及17种月球表面岩石。空前有数词14，名词category应用复数形式categories。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：一项关键成果是修订后的月球演化时间线。timeline和revise之间是被动关系，此处应用过去分词revised作前置定语，修饰名词timeline，表示“修订后的”。 6．考查冠词。句意：在全球范围内，该地图首次划分出月球后期地质历史的清晰细分阶段，使科学家能够区分月球演化的不同阶段。此处特指上文提到的这份地质图，用定冠词the。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在全球范围内，该地图首次划分出月球后期地质历史的清晰细分阶段，使科学家能够区分月球演化的不同阶段。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“使某人能够做某事”。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：该团队借鉴嫦娥四号和嫦娥六号任务的研究成果，在南极-艾肯盆地发现了苏长辉长岩，一种深色粗粒火成岩。句中已有谓语动词identified，空处应填非谓语形式；逻辑主语the team与draw之间为主动关系，应用现在分词drawing作状语，句首单词首字母大写。 9．考查定语从句。句意：这种新发现的岩石为源自月球内部深处的物质提供了难得的直接证据，揭示了关于这颗卫星内部结构的全新线索。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词是materials，指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which。 10．考查介词。句意：专家认为这份新地图将成为人类探索太阳系演化的有力工具。serve as是固定短语，意为“充当，作为”。 重难词汇: 1. reference /ˈrefrəns/ n. 参考；参考资料；依据 2. extensive /ɪkˈstensɪv/ adj. 广泛的；大量的；广阔的 3. revised /rɪˈvaɪzd/ adj. 修订的；修改的 v. 修改，修订（revise 过去分词） 4. boundary /ˈbaʊndəri/ n. 边界；界限；分界线 5. reveal /rɪˈviːl/ v. 揭示；显示；透露（文中 revealing 为现在分词形式） 6. internal /ɪnˈtɜːnl/ adj. 内部的；体内的；国内的 长难句精析： 1. 原句：Chinese scientists have finished an updated 1:5,000,000-scale geological map of the entire moon, providing a detailed scientific reference to advance global lunar research and guide future deep-space missions. 翻译：中国科学家完成了新版 1:500 万全月球地质图，提供详尽的科学参考资料，助力全球月球研究，指导未来深空探测任务。 语法分析：主句为主谓宾结构；现在分词 providing 作结果状语；后面两个不定式 to advance和 (to) guide 并列作后置目的状语。 2. 原句：For the first time globally, the map lays out clear subdivisions of the moon’s later geological history, allowing scientists to distinguish different stages of its evolution. 翻译：这张图在全球范围内首次清晰划分月球晚期地质历史，让科学家能够区分月球演化的不同阶段。 语法分析：主句主谓宾；现在分词 allowing 作结果状语；固定搭配 allow sb. to do sth.。 3. 原句：This newly recognized rock provides rare direct evidence of materials that originated deep within the moon, revealing fresh clues about the satellite’s internal structure. 翻译：这种新发现的岩石，为源自月球深部的物质提供了罕见的直接证据，为研究这颗卫星的内部结构带来新线索。 分析：主句主干：rock provides evidence；that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 materials；现在分词 revealing 作伴随状语。 全文翻译： 中国科学家完成了新版 1:500 万全月球地质图，这份详尽的科学参考资料将推动全球月球研究，并为未来深空探测任务提供指引。该项目由中国地质科学院地质研究所科研人员牵头，依托嫦娥探月工程采集的大量观测数据完成。 主图尺寸为 280 厘米 ×120 厘米，还配套单独的月球南北极地质图。图中标注了 13000 多个撞击坑、81 个撞击盆地，划分出 14 类地质构造以及 17 种月球表层岩石。 一项核心成果是修订后的月球演化时间线。研究团队更新了三个古老月球地质年代的时间边界：艾特肯纪（43.3 亿年前）、酒海纪（41.7 亿年前）、雨海纪（39.2 亿年前）。这张图在全球范围内首次清晰划分月球晚期地质历史，帮助科学家区分月球演化的各个阶段。 研究团队借鉴嫦娥四号与嫦娥六号探测成果，在南极 - 艾特肯盆地识别出辉长苏长岩 —— 一种深色粗粒火成岩。这种新确认的岩石，为源自月球深部的物质提供了罕见直接证据，为研究月球内部结构带来新线索。专家认为，这份新地质图将成为人类探究太阳系演化的有力工具。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $