Unit 5 Play by the rules 语法填空（热点题型专练）英语新教材外研版八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与社会——规则”主题，通过分层语法填空训练，系统提升语法应用能力与规则意识，兼顾语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |巩固基础·专项突破|3篇短文|基础语法点（时态、非谓语、代词等）在生活场景（火车、运动会）中的应用|从具体经历引入规则概念，构建“规则认知-基础语法应用”逻辑链| |培优拔高·挑战攻坚|7篇短文|复杂语法结构（被动语态、从句、词性转换）与规则意义（公平性、社会价值）的深层理解|从规则应用拓展至精神内涵，形成“规则遵守-公平判断-社会责任感”的思维进阶|

Unit 5 Play by the rules 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——规则） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Last weekend, I took a train to visit my grandparents. I chose a quiet carriage 1 (read) my book. Soon, a young man 2 (sit) opposite me started watching videos 3 a loud voice. It was very annoying. I 4 (try) to ignore him, but the noise was too much. Then a woman behind me began 5 (eat) a sandwich with a very strong smell. It made me 6 (feel) sick. I looked around and saw that other passengers 7 (look) unhappy too. But nobody said 8 (something). I remembered that there were signs on the wall 9 (say) “Please be quiet” and “No smelly food”. I took a deep breath and decided 10 (speak) up. I politely asked the man to use earphones and reminded the woman about the rule. They both apologized and the rest of the journey was peaceful. Passage 2 Every year, our school holds a sports meeting. It’s a great event, but we must 1 (follow) the rules to make it go smoothly. Last year, I 2 (take) part in the 100-meter race. Before the race, the teacher 3 (tell) us the rules: we must stay in our lanes, and we 4 (not can) start before the gun goes off. I was very nervous. When the gun went off, I ran as fast as I could. Suddenly, I saw a runner next to me run out of his lane. The referee 5 (call) a foul on him. He couldn’t continue the race. I felt sorry for him, but I knew he broke the rule. After the race, I 6 (talk) to my friend about it. He said, “Rules are 7 (importance) because they make the race fair.” I agreed with him. This year, I 8 (plan) to join the long jump. I 9 (learn) the rules already, and I will make sure I don’t break any. I hope I can get a good result, but I know that following rules is more 10 (important) than winning. Passage 3 Playing by the rules is important, but what happens when a strict rule leads to an unfair outcome? This is where the “spirit of the rule” comes in. The spirit of the rule is about the rule’s 1 (intend) purpose—to ensure fairness and safety. For example, in football, a player might be 2 (slight) offside according to the line, but if they weren’t gaining an advantage and didn’t 3 (involve) in the play, some referees might not call it. They are considering the spirit of the offside rule, which is to prevent “goal-hanging,” not to punish tiny mistakes. This requires good 4 (judge) from officials and honesty from players. A player who knows they gained an unfair advantage should admit it, even if the referee didn’t see it. This act of 5 (honest) embodies the true spirit of sportsmanship. Of course, this doesn’t mean we can ignore rules whenever we want. But it 6 (mean) we should think about why the rule exists and 7 (apply) it with wisdom and a sense of fairness. 8 (ultimate), the goal is to have a fair and enjoyable game for everyone 9 (concern). Developing this understanding is a key part of 10 (grow) as both a player and a person. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 阅读短文，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Fairness is the foundation of any good competition. 1 (ensure) fairness, clear and well-known rules must be 2 (establish). All participants 3 (have) the right to know these rules before they start. During the competition, judges or referees 4 (be) responsible for 5 (make) sure everyone follows them. Their role is not easy. They must make quick decisions and sometimes these decisions 6 (not please) everyone. However, a good referee always makes the call based on what they see, without 7 (favour) any side. When a rule 8 (break), there should be a clear consequence, like a penalty or a point deduction. This helps 9 (maintain) order and teaches players about responsibility. Ultimately, the goal of rules is not to restrict but to create an environment where everyone has a fair chance 10 (show) their best. Passage 2 Rules are an important part of our lives. They help 1 (keep) order and ensure fairness. In sports, rules 2 (make) sure that everyone has an equal chance to win. Players who 3 (not follow) the rules can 4 (give) a yellow card or even be sent off. At school, rules 5 (help) create a safe and productive learning environment. For example, the rule about 6 (not run) in the hallways 7 (prevent) accidents. Even in simple games like chess or cards, rules define how 8 (play). Without clear rules, games would be confusing and unfair. While sometimes rules might seem strict, they 9 (be) usually made for good reasons. Understanding and 10 (follow) rules is a sign of respect for others and for the activity itself. Passage 3 Do you feel 1 (happy) when people play music or videos on the subway? It’s not a problem for people in Shanghai now. There are some new 2 (rule) for the Shanghai subway now! The 3 (one) new rule is “No using loudspeakers (扬声器)”.Subway riders must 4 (follow) it when they take the subway. They have to use 5 (they) earphones when they listen to music or watch movies on their phones. Some people don’t follow the new rule, so subway workers stop them 6 (do) like that or take them to the police. There 7 (be) also some other rules. People cannot bring bikes into the subway station. People cannot 8 (eat) or drink in subway cars. Many people welcome the new rules 9 (warm). And they think the rules can help subway riders. They also need the same 10 (rule) on buses and trains. Passage 4 Travelling by subway can be quite an adventure. It’s hard to find your way in the space full 1 people. People run quickly to get a seat. And be 2 (care) of that girl who is holding a cup of hot coffee. To deal with these problems, all 3 (country) have made rules for the subway to follow. The most common one is no eating 4 drinking on the subway. Many cities in the world have this rule. New York City has asked passengers 5 (take) off the backpacks on the subway. Also, passengers are told not to open 6 (they) legs wide enough to take up two or even three seats. There are some 7 (interest) rules too. France 8 (suggest) that passengers shouldn’t play music too loud through headphones or stare at women for 9 long time. New Delhi, the capital of India stops drunk people from 10 (take) the subway. Whether your city has the same rules or not, it’s always good to behave well on the subway. Passage 5 We often have classes in the lab. There are many 1 (rule) in the lab, such as “Don’t listen 2 music in the lab!” and “Arrive at the lab 3 time when the class begins!” But here are another two important rules—don’t eat 4 drink in the lab, and don’t bring food or 5 (drink) to the lab. There are three reasons. First, the bowls and cups are very easy to break and the food or drinks will be out. They will make the lab dirty. 6 (two), there are many dangerous things in the lab. It isn’t good for 7 (we). If you put the food or drinks into your mouth in the lab, you may eat some of the 8 (danger) things. Of course, it is always a good idea 9 (wash) your hands each time before you leave the lab. Third, food can attract some 10 (mouse) and flies (苍蝇). So, if you want to drink or eat something, do it outside the lab. Passage 6 I regret that I have many rules in my family. For 1 (safe), I shouldn’t be allowed to smoke. I can’t take the lift alone. I can’t get my 2 (drive) license until 18 years old. I should keep myself away 3 the Internet. I can’t wear earrings. I shouldn’t be allowed to have my 4 (ear) pierced (刺穿), either. Before entering the 5 (social), I am being educated to be a good child. My parents manage my life completely. I must help to work in 6 field. I shouldn’t talk back to my teachers. I have no chance to make my own decisions, even do social work for my community. Facing 7 (this) rules, I have no choice but to follow them. Just now, an idea flashed through my mind: parents should support their children 8 (have) part-time jobs, though they may do 9 (bad). Some rules are useful for teens, 10 some are awful. Some rules even make them laugh and cry or get in the way of their growth. Do you think so? Passage 7 Important Travel Rules Maria Hey everyone! I’m going on a trip soon. Travelling can be fun but also a bit dangerous. What important rules should we follow? Emily Hi! I went on a beach trip with my family last summer, and one rule I learnt is to never go 91 alone (独自). It’s easy to get lost. If you see 92 suspicious (可疑的), don’t touch (触摸) it and be sure to tell 93 , like a guide or a parent. For example, once I 94 (find) something shiny on the beach, but my mum said we shouldn’t touch anything unknown. So, always be careful and follow these rules! Liam I 95 (hike) the mountains last year. One important rule is not to eat 96 you find. There were different fruits and plants, but we didn’t know which were safe. My dad asked us to eat only the food we brought. Another rule is not leaving 97 in your group behind. If someone gets tired or hurt, you all need to stop and help. For example, my little brother got tired, so 98 else took a break with him. Noah One key rule is to make sure we leave 99 behind. Last summer, we had an amazing trip to a forest and took all our litter with us because it’s important to protect (保护) nature. Being cautious (谨慎的) is important too. When we set up our campsite, we 100 (look) everywhere to make sure there wasn’t anything dangerous around. These rules made our trip safe and fun! 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Play by the rules 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——规则） 参考答案 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 1．to read 2．sitting 3．in 4．tried 5．eating 6．feel 7．looked 8．anything 9．saying 10．to speak Passage 2 1．follow 2．took 3．told 4．can’t 5．called 6．talked 7．important 8．am planning 9．have learned 10．important Passage 3 1．intended 2．slightly 3．involve 4．judgment 5．honesty 6．means 7．apply 8．Ultimately 9．concerned 10．growing 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 1．To ensure 2．established 3．have 4．are 5．making 6．don’t please 7．favouring 8．is broken 9．maintain/to maintain 10．to show Passage 2 1．keep/to keep 2．make 3．don’t follow 4．be given 5．help 6．not running 7．prevents 8．to play 9．are 10．following Passage 3 1．unhappy 2．rules 3．first 4．follow 5．their 6．doing 7．are 8．eat 9．warmly 10．rules Passage 4 1．of 2．careful 3．countries 4．or 5．to take 6．their 7．interesting 8．suggests 9．a 10．taking Passage 5 1．rules 2．to 3．on 4．or 5．drinks 6．Second 7．us 8．dangerous 9．to wash 10．mice Passage 6 1．safety 2．driver’s/driving 3．from 4．ears 5．society 6．the 7．these 8．to have 9．badly 10．but Passage 7 1．anywhere 2．something/anything 3．someone/somebody 4．found 5．hiked 6．anything 7．anyone/anybody 8．everyone/everybody 9．nothing 10．looked 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Play by the rules 语法填空题型专练（话题：人与社会——规则） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Last weekend, I took a train to visit my grandparents. I chose a quiet carriage 1 (read) my book. Soon, a young man 2 (sit) opposite me started watching videos 3 a loud voice. It was very annoying. I 4 (try) to ignore him, but the noise was too much. Then a woman behind me began 5 (eat) a sandwich with a very strong smell. It made me 6 (feel) sick. I looked around and saw that other passengers 7 (look) unhappy too. But nobody said 8 (something). I remembered that there were signs on the wall 9 (say) “Please be quiet” and “No smelly food”. I took a deep breath and decided 10 (speak) up. I politely asked the man to use earphones and reminded the woman about the rule. They both apologized and the rest of the journey was peaceful. 【答案】 1．to read 2．sitting 3．in 4．tried 5．eating 6．feel 7．looked 8．anything 9．saying 10．to speak 【导语】本文主要讲述上周末作者坐火车去看望祖父母，途中遇到一些不文明乘客，最后作者礼貌提醒，旅途恢复平静。 【详解】 1．句意：我选了一节安静的车厢来读书。“chose a quiet carriage”后面表目的，是为了来读书，不定式作目的状语，所以填to read。 2．句意：很快，坐在我对面的一个年轻男子开始大声播放视频。“a young man”后面修饰名词，谓语已经有started，此处是现在分词作后置定语，所以填sitting。 3．句意：很快，坐在我对面的一个年轻男子开始大声播放视频。固定搭配：in a loud voice“大声地”，所以填in。 4．句意：我试着不去理会他，但是噪音实在太大。“Last weekend”提示全文时态为 一般过去时，后文“was”也提示了这一时态，所以填tried。 5．句意：然后我身后一位女士开始吃气味很重的三明治。固定搭配：begin doing sth.“开始做某事”，所以填eating。 6．句意：这让我感到恶心。固定搭配：make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，所以填feel。 7．句意：我环顾四周，看到其他乘客看起来也很不高兴。全文一般过去时，并列动词“looked、saw”，从句谓语用一般过去式，所以填looked。 8．句意：但是没有人说任何话。否定词“nobody”，否定句中“something”要变为anything。 9．句意：我想起墙上有标识写着“请保持安静”以及“请勿食用异味食物”。名词“signs”后，已有谓语were，此处是现在分词作后置定语，表标识上写着内容，所以填saying。 10．句意：我深吸一口气，决定站出来说清楚。固定短语：decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，不定式作宾语，所以填to speak。 Passage 2 Every year, our school holds a sports meeting. It’s a great event, but we must 1 (follow) the rules to make it go smoothly. Last year, I 2 (take) part in the 100-meter race. Before the race, the teacher 3 (tell) us the rules: we must stay in our lanes, and we 4 (not can) start before the gun goes off. I was very nervous. When the gun went off, I ran as fast as I could. Suddenly, I saw a runner next to me run out of his lane. The referee 5 (call) a foul on him. He couldn’t continue the race. I felt sorry for him, but I knew he broke the rule. After the race, I 6 (talk) to my friend about it. He said, “Rules are 7 (importance) because they make the race fair.” I agreed with him. This year, I 8 (plan) to join the long jump. I 9 (learn) the rules already, and I will make sure I don’t break any. I hope I can get a good result, but I know that following rules is more 10 (important) than winning. 【答案】 1．follow 2．took 3．told 4．can’t 5．called 6．talked 7．important 8．am planning 9．have learned 10．important 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，围绕校运动会展开，作者回忆去年参加百米赛跑时目睹选手违规被罚的经历，感悟规则保障比赛公平，同时介绍今年计划参加跳远项目，懂得遵守规则比取得名次更加重要。 【详解】 1．句意：这是一场盛大的活动，但我们必须遵守规则，保障赛事顺利进行。该处需动词原形；情态动词must后面接动词原形。 2．句意：去年，我参加了100米赛跑。该处需动词过去式作谓语；时间标志词Last year提示时态为一般过去时，take的过去式为took。 3．句意：比赛前，老师向我们讲解规则。该处需动词过去式作谓语；叙述去年赛前发生的事情，使用一般过去时，tell的过去式为told。 4．句意：枪响之前我们不能起跑。该处需情态动词；句子语义要求表达“禁止、不可以”，需要使用can的否定形式；情态动词can变否定直接加not，缩写为can’t。 5．句意：裁判判定他犯规。该处需动词过去式作谓语；讲述去年比赛过程，时态为一般过去时，call的过去式为called。 6．句意：比赛结束后，我和朋友谈起这件事。该处需动词过去式作谓语；叙述过去发生的对话，采用一般过去时，talk的过去式为talked。 7．句意：规则十分重要，因为它们让比赛变得公平。该处需形容词作表语；名词importance转换成形容词important。 8．句意：今年，我计划参加跳远项目。该处需谓语动词；结合语境表达当下正在规划，使用现在进行时am planning。 9．句意：我已经学习了相关规则，并且保证不会违规。该处需谓语动词；时间标志词already提示时态为现在完成时，结构为“have+过去分词”，learn的过去分词为learned。 10．句意：我希望取得不错的成绩，但我明白遵守规则比获胜更重要。该处需形容词作表语；more后接形容词原形构成比较级。 Passage 3 Playing by the rules is important, but what happens when a strict rule leads to an unfair outcome? This is where the “spirit of the rule” comes in. The spirit of the rule is about the rule’s 1 (intend) purpose—to ensure fairness and safety. For example, in football, a player might be 2 (slight) offside according to the line, but if they weren’t gaining an advantage and didn’t 3 (involve) in the play, some referees might not call it. They are considering the spirit of the offside rule, which is to prevent “goal-hanging,” not to punish tiny mistakes. This requires good 4 (judge) from officials and honesty from players. A player who knows they gained an unfair advantage should admit it, even if the referee didn’t see it. This act of 5 (honest) embodies the true spirit of sportsmanship. Of course, this doesn’t mean we can ignore rules whenever we want. But it 6 (mean) we should think about why the rule exists and 7 (apply) it with wisdom and a sense of fairness. 8 (ultimate), the goal is to have a fair and enjoyable game for everyone 9 (concern). Developing this understanding is a key part of 10 (grow) as both a player and a person. 【答案】 1．intended 2．slightly 3．involve 4．judgment 5．honesty 6．means 7．apply 8．Ultimately 9．concerned 10．growing 【导语】本文为议论文，围绕遵守规则展开，论述行事需兼顾规则条文与公平精神，结合足球实例论证灵活公正执行规则的重要性。 【详解】 1．句意：这便是“规则精神”的由来，规则的本意是保障公平与安全。修饰名词purpose需形容词，intend的形容词形式是intended，意为“原本的、预期的”。 2．句意：例如在足球中，球员可能只是轻微越位。修饰形容词offside要用副词，slight的副词形式是slightly，意为“轻微地、略微”。 3．句意：但如果他们没有获得优势，也没有参与进攻，裁判可能不会吹罚。助动词didn’t后必须使用动词原形，故填involve，意为“参与”。 4．句意：这需要裁判良好的判断力和球员的诚实品质。形容词good后接名词，judge对应的名词是judgment，意为“判断力”。 5．句意：这种诚实的行为体现了真正的体育精神。介词of后需填入名词，honest的名词形式是honesty，意为“诚实”。 6．句意：但这意味着我们应当思考规则存在的原因，以智慧和公平意识运用规则。主语it是第三人称单数，一般现在时谓语动词用三单形式，即means，意为“意味着”。 7．句意：但这意味着我们应当思考规则存在的原因，以智慧和公平意识运用规则。and并列两个谓语动词，均受情态动词should支配，使用动词原形，因此填动词原形apply，apply rules是固定搭配“执行规则”。 8．句意：归根结底，目标是为所有相关人员打造一场公平、愉悦的比赛。修饰整个句子需副词，ultimate的副词形式是ultimately，位于句首首字母大写，意为“最终、归根结底”。 9．句意：让每一位相关人员都拥有公平愉悦的赛事。修饰不定代词everyone需形容词，concern的形容词是concerned，意为“有关的、相关的”。 10．句意：培养这种理解能力，是球员自身与个人成长的重要一环。介词of后接动名词，grow的动名词形式是growing，意为“成长”。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 阅读短文，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Fairness is the foundation of any good competition. 1 (ensure) fairness, clear and well-known rules must be 2 (establish). All participants 3 (have) the right to know these rules before they start. During the competition, judges or referees 4 (be) responsible for 5 (make) sure everyone follows them. Their role is not easy. They must make quick decisions and sometimes these decisions 6 (not please) everyone. However, a good referee always makes the call based on what they see, without 7 (favour) any side. When a rule 8 (break), there should be a clear consequence, like a penalty or a point deduction. This helps 9 (maintain) order and teaches players about responsibility. Ultimately, the goal of rules is not to restrict but to create an environment where everyone has a fair chance 10 (show) their best. 【答案】 1．To ensure 2．established 3．have 4．are 5．making 6．don’t please 7．favouring 8．is broken 9．maintain/to maintain 10．to show 【导语】本文主要描述了公平是一切良性竞赛的基石，清晰、公认且被严格执行的规则，是保障公平、让每一位参与者都能展现真实水平的核心。 【详解】 1．句意：为了确保公平，必须制定清晰且广为人知的规则。这里用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了确保公平”，故填To ensure。 2．句意：为了确保公平，清晰且广为人知的规则必须被制定。主语rules和动词establish是被动关系（规则“被制定”），且前面有must be，所以用过去分词构成被动语态must be established。 3．句意：所有参赛者在开始前都有权利了解这些规则。主语All participants是复数，句子是一般现在时，谓语动词用原形have。 4．句意：在比赛过程中，裁判负责确保所有人都遵守这些规则。主语judges or referees是复数，句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。 5．句意：在比赛过程中，裁判负责确保所有人都遵守这些规则。介词for后面需要接动名词（doing形式），所以make要变为making。 6．句意：他们必须快速做出决定，而有时这些决定并不能让所有人都满意。主语these decisions是复数，句子是一般现在时的否定形式，所以用don’t+动词原形please。 7．句意：然而，一名优秀的裁判总是根据自己所见做出判罚，不偏袒任何一方。介词without后面需要接动名词（doing形式），所以favour要变为favouring。 8．句意：当规则被违反时，应该有明确的后果，比如处罚或扣分。主语a rule和动词break是被动关系（规则“被打破”），句子是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态is broken。 9．句意：这有助于维持秩序，并让选手懂得责任的意义。help (to) do sth.是固定搭配，表示“有助于做某事”，其中to可以省略，所以填maintain或to maintain都可以。 10．句意：归根结底，规则的目的不是限制，而是创造一个环境，让每个人都有公平的机会展现自己的最佳水平。have a chance to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“有机会做某事”，需要用动词不定式作后置定语，所以填to show。 Passage 2 Rules are an important part of our lives. They help 1 (keep) order and ensure fairness. In sports, rules 2 (make) sure that everyone has an equal chance to win. Players who 3 (not follow) the rules can 4 (give) a yellow card or even be sent off. At school, rules 5 (help) create a safe and productive learning environment. For example, the rule about 6 (not run) in the hallways 7 (prevent) accidents. Even in simple games like chess or cards, rules define how 8 (play). Without clear rules, games would be confusing and unfair. While sometimes rules might seem strict, they 9 (be) usually made for good reasons. Understanding and 10 (follow) rules is a sign of respect for others and for the activity itself. 【答案】 1．keep/to keep 2．make 3．don’t follow 4．be given 5．help 6．not running 7．prevents 8．to play 9．are 10．following 【导语】本文论述规则在生活、运动、校园、游戏中的重要作用，说明规则看似严格却有合理意义，遵守规则是尊重他人的体现。 【详解】 1．句意：它们有助于维持秩序、保障公平。 固定结构help (to) do sth.，to可省略，因此填(to) keep。 2．句意：在体育运动中，规则确保每个人拥有平等获胜的机会。全文主体时态为一般现在时，主语rules是复数，谓语动词用原形make。 3．句意：不遵守规则的运动员会被出示黄牌甚至被罚下场。定语从句先行词Players为复数，一般现在时否定形式用don’t，后接动词原形follow。 4．句意：不遵守规则的运动员会被出示黄牌甚至被罚下场。主语Players和give是被动关系，情态动词can后接be+过去分词，give的过去分词为given。 5．句意：在学校，规则助力营造安全高效的学习环境。时态为一般现在时，主语rules为复数，谓语动词用原形help。 6．句意：例如，关于不在走廊奔跑的规定可以避免事故。介词about后接动名词，否定动名词直接在前面加not，故填not running。 7．句意：例如，关于不在走廊奔跑的规定可以避免事故。主语the rule是单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式prevents。 8．句意：即便是国际象棋、纸牌这类简单游戏，规则也规定了玩法。固定结构“疑问词how+to do”作define的宾语，故填to play。 9．句意：尽管有时规则看起来严苛，但制定它们通常都有充分理由。时态为一般现在时，主语they指代rules，be动词用are。 10．句意：理解并遵守规则是尊重他人和这项活动本身的一种体现。and连接并列主语，与Understanding保持形式一致，用动名词following作主语。 Passage 3 Do you feel 1 (happy) when people play music or videos on the subway? It’s not a problem for people in Shanghai now. There are some new 2 (rule) for the Shanghai subway now! The 3 (one) new rule is “No using loudspeakers (扬声器)”.Subway riders must 4 (follow) it when they take the subway. They have to use 5 (they) earphones when they listen to music or watch movies on their phones. Some people don’t follow the new rule, so subway workers stop them 6 (do) like that or take them to the police. There 7 (be) also some other rules. People cannot bring bikes into the subway station. People cannot 8 (eat) or drink in subway cars. Many people welcome the new rules 9 (warm). And they think the rules can help subway riders. They also need the same 10 (rule) on buses and trains. 【答案】 1．unhappy 2．rules 3．first 4．follow 5．their 6．doing 7．are 8．eat 9．warmly 10．rules 【导语】本文介绍了上海地铁出台的多项乘车新规则，包括禁止使用扬声器、禁止携带自行车进站、车厢内禁止饮食等，说明这些规则受到民众欢迎，人们也希望公交、火车等公共交通能推行同类规则。 【详解】 1．句意：当有人在地铁上播放音乐或视频时，你会觉得不开心吗？结合后文上海出台新规解决该问题的语境，可知此处表达负面感受“不开心”。happy意为“开心的”，添加否定前缀un-可构成其反义词unhappy，意为“不开心的”，在系动词feel后作表语。 2．句意：现在上海地铁有一些新规定。句中some意为“一些”，后接可数名词时需使用复数形式。rule是可数名词，意为“规则”，其复数形式为rules。 3．句意：第一条新规定是“禁止使用扬声器”。此处表述条目顺序，需使用序数词表示“第一”。one是基数词，对应的序数词为first，意为“第一的”，修饰名词短语new rule。 4．句意：地铁乘客乘坐地铁时必须遵守这条规定。句中must是情态动词，情态动词后需接动词原形。follow是动词，意为“遵守”，保持原形即可。 5．句意：他们用手机听音乐或看电影时，必须使用他们的耳机。空格后是名词earphones，修饰名词需使用形容词性物主代词。they是人称代词主格，对应的形容词性物主代词是their，意为“他们的”。 6．句意：有些人不遵守新规定，所以地铁工作人员会阻止他们这样做，或者将他们交给警方。固定搭配stop sb. doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，介词后接动名词作宾语，do的动名词形式为doing。 7．句意：还有一些其他的规定。本句为there be句型，be动词的单复数遵循就近原则，空格后some other rules是可数名词复数，且句子描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，因此be动词用are。 8．句意：人们不能在地铁车厢内吃喝。句中cannot是情态动词的否定形式，情态动词后需接动词原形。eat是动词，意为“吃”，保持原形即可。 9．句意：许多人热烈欢迎这些新规定。空格处修饰动词welcome，修饰动词需使用副词。warm是形容词，意为“热烈的，温暖的”，对应的副词形式为warmly，意为“热烈地”。 10．句意：他们认为公交车和火车上也需要同样的规则。same意为“同样的”，结合语境，公交与火车上的规则不止一条，rule是可数名词，此处使用复数形式rules。 Passage 4 Travelling by subway can be quite an adventure. It’s hard to find your way in the space full 1 people. People run quickly to get a seat. And be 2 (care) of that girl who is holding a cup of hot coffee. To deal with these problems, all 3 (country) have made rules for the subway to follow. The most common one is no eating 4 drinking on the subway. Many cities in the world have this rule. New York City has asked passengers 5 (take) off the backpacks on the subway. Also, passengers are told not to open 6 (they) legs wide enough to take up two or even three seats. There are some 7 (interest) rules too. France 8 (suggest) that passengers shouldn’t play music too loud through headphones or stare at women for 9 long time. New Delhi, the capital of India stops drunk people from 10 (take) the subway. Whether your city has the same rules or not, it’s always good to behave well on the subway. 【答案】 1．of 2．careful 3．countries 4．or 5．to take 6．their 7．interesting 8．suggests 9．a 10．taking 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章先描述地铁出行中可能遇到的拥挤、易发生意外等问题，再介绍世界各国为规范地铁秩序制定的常见及特殊规则，最后呼吁乘客在地铁上文明出行。 【详解】 1．句意：在挤满人的空间里，你很难找到路。固定搭配“full of”表示“充满……的”，此处修饰“space”，说明地铁空间里满是人，符合“难找到路”的语境。故填of。 2．句意：还要小心那个手里拿着一杯热咖啡的女孩。“be careful of”是固定短语，意为“小心……”，此处需用care的形容词形式careful作表语，提醒注意拿热咖啡的女孩。故填careful。 3．句意：为了解决这些问题，所有国家都制定了地铁必须遵守的规则。空格前all“所有”后接可数名词复数，country的复数形式是countries，表示“所有国家”。故填countries。 4．句意：最常见的一条规则是地铁上禁止饮食。否定句中表示“和”用 “or”，此处“no eating or drinking”表示“禁止饮食”，是地铁常见规则，符合逻辑。故填or。 5．句意：纽约市要求乘客在地铁上取下背包。固定用法“ask sb. to do sth.”表示“要求某人做某事”，此处需用动词不定式 (to +动词原形) 作宾语补足语。故填to take。 6．句意：此外，乘客们还被告知不要把腿张得太宽，以至于占了两个甚至三个座位。此处修饰名词“legs”，需用they的形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。 7．句意：还有一些有趣的规则。修饰名词“rules”需用形容词interesting“有趣的”，“interest”的形容词形式中，“interesting”修饰事物，“interested”修饰人，此处用interesting符合语境。故填interesting。 8．句意：法国建议乘客不要通过耳机把音乐开得太大声，也不要长时间盯着女性看。句子描述客观存在的规则，时态应用一般现在时，主语“France”是单数，谓语动词“suggest”应用其三单形式suggests。故填suggests。 9．句意：法国建议乘客不要通过耳机把音乐开得太大声，也不要长时间盯着女性看。固定搭配“for a long time”表示“很长时间”，需加不定冠词“a”。故填a。 10．句意：印度首都新德里禁止醉酒者乘坐地铁。固定用法“stop sb. from doing sth.”表示“阻止某人做某事”，“from”是介词，后接动名词，因此这里应用take的动名词形式taking。故填taking。 Passage 5 We often have classes in the lab. There are many 1 (rule) in the lab, such as “Don’t listen 2 music in the lab!” and “Arrive at the lab 3 time when the class begins!” But here are another two important rules—don’t eat 4 drink in the lab, and don’t bring food or 5 (drink) to the lab. There are three reasons. First, the bowls and cups are very easy to break and the food or drinks will be out. They will make the lab dirty. 6 (two), there are many dangerous things in the lab. It isn’t good for 7 (we). If you put the food or drinks into your mouth in the lab, you may eat some of the 8 (danger) things. Of course, it is always a good idea 9 (wash) your hands each time before you leave the lab. Third, food can attract some 10 (mouse) and flies (苍蝇). So, if you want to drink or eat something, do it outside the lab. 【答案】 1．rules 2．to 3．on 4．or 5．drinks 6．Second 7．us 8．dangerous 9．to wash 10．mice 【导语】本文介绍了实验室的诸多规则及遵守这些规则的三个原因。 【详解】 1．句意：实验室里有很多规则，比如“不要在实验室里听音乐！”和“上课开始时准时到达实验室！”。many后接可数名词复数，“rule”的复数形式是“rules”。故填rules。 2．句意：实验室里有很多规则，比如“不要在实验室里听音乐！”和“上课开始时准时到达实验室！”。“listen to music”是固定搭配，意为“听音乐”。故填to。 3．句意：实验室里有很多规则，比如“不要在实验室里听音乐！”和“上课开始时准时到达实验室！”。“on time”是固定短语，意为“准时”，这里指准时到达实验室。故填on。 4．句意：但还有另外两条重要规则——不要在实验室里吃或喝，不要把食物或饮料带到实验室。否定句中连接并列的“eat”和“drink”用“or”。故填or。 5．句意：但还有另外两条重要规则 —— 不要在实验室里吃或喝，不要把食物或饮料带到实验室。“drink”作“饮料”讲时是可数名词，此处与“food”并列，表泛指，用复数形式“drinks”。故填drinks。 6．句意：第二，实验室里有很多危险的东西。此处表示顺序，“two”的序数词形式是“Second”，此处用于列举原因，首字母大写。故填Second。 7．句意：这对我们不好。“for”是介词，后接人称代词宾格，“we”的宾格是“us”。故填us。 8．句意：如果你在实验室里把食物或饮料放进嘴里，你可能会吃到一些危险的东西。修饰名词“things”用形容词，“danger”的形容词形式是“dangerous”，意为“危险的”。故填dangerous。 9．句意：当然，每次离开实验室前洗手总是个好主意。“it is a good idea to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是个好主意”，所以用动词不定式“to wash”。故填to wash。 10．句意：第三，食物会吸引一些老鼠和苍蝇。“some”后接可数名词复数，“mouse”的复数形式是“mice”。故填mice。 Passage 6 I regret that I have many rules in my family. For 1 (safe), I shouldn’t be allowed to smoke. I can’t take the lift alone. I can’t get my 2 (drive) license until 18 years old. I should keep myself away 3 the Internet. I can’t wear earrings. I shouldn’t be allowed to have my 4 (ear) pierced (刺穿), either. Before entering the 5 (social), I am being educated to be a good child. My parents manage my life completely. I must help to work in 6 field. I shouldn’t talk back to my teachers. I have no chance to make my own decisions, even do social work for my community. Facing 7 (this) rules, I have no choice but to follow them. Just now, an idea flashed through my mind: parents should support their children 8 (have) part-time jobs, though they may do 9 (bad). Some rules are useful for teens, 10 some are awful. Some rules even make them laugh and cry or get in the way of their growth. Do you think so? 【答案】 1．safety 2．driver’s/driving 3．from 4．ears 5．society 6．the 7．these 8．to have 9．badly 10．but 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者对家庭中许多规则的不满和反思，认为有些规则有用，而有些规则则阻碍了他们的成长。 【详解】 1．句意：为了安全，我不应该被允许吸烟。for为介词，后接名词safety“安全”。故填safety。 2．句意：我要到18岁才能拿到驾照。driver’s/driving license“驾照”，固定搭配。故填driver’s/driving。 3．句意：我应该远离互联网。keep away from“远离”，固定搭配。故填from。 4．句意：我也不应该被允许穿耳洞。ear为可数名词，此处用复数ears表示“耳朵”。故填ears。 5．句意：在进入社会之前，我正被教育成一个好孩子。the后接名词society“社会”。故填society。 6．句意：我必须帮助在田里干活。field为可数名词单数，此处表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。 7．句意：面对这些规则，我别无选择，只能遵守它们。rules为复数，应用this的复数these“这些”。故填these。 8．句意：父母应该支持他们的孩子做兼职工作。support sb. to do sth.“支持某人做某事”，固定搭配。故填to have。 9．句意：父母应该支持他们的孩子做兼职工作，尽管他们可能做得不好。修饰动词do，应用bad的副词badly“差地”。故填badly。 10．句意：有些规则对青少年有用，但有些很糟糕。根据“Some rules are useful for teens”和“some are awful”可知，前后为转折关系，应用but“但是”。故填but。 Passage 7 Important Travel Rules Maria Hey everyone! I’m going on a trip soon. Travelling can be fun but also a bit dangerous. What important rules should we follow? Emily Hi! I went on a beach trip with my family last summer, and one rule I learnt is to never go 91 alone (独自). It’s easy to get lost. If you see 92 suspicious (可疑的), don’t touch (触摸) it and be sure to tell 93 , like a guide or a parent. For example, once I 94 (find) something shiny on the beach, but my mum said we shouldn’t touch anything unknown. So, always be careful and follow these rules! Liam I 95 (hike) the mountains last year. One important rule is not to eat 96 you find. There were different fruits and plants, but we didn’t know which were safe. My dad asked us to eat only the food we brought. Another rule is not leaving 97 in your group behind. If someone gets tired or hurt, you all need to stop and help. For example, my little brother got tired, so 98 else took a break with him. Noah One key rule is to make sure we leave 99 behind. Last summer, we had an amazing trip to a forest and took all our litter with us because it’s important to protect (保护) nature. Being cautious (谨慎的) is important too. When we set up our campsite, we 100 (look) everywhere to make sure there wasn’t anything dangerous around. These rules made our trip safe and fun! 【答案】 1．anywhere 2．something/anything 3．someone/somebody 4．found 5．hiked 6．anything 7．anyone/anybody 8．everyone/everybody 9．nothing 10．looked 【导语】本文通过几个人分享的亲身经历，介绍几条重要的旅行安全与环保规则，帮助读者保障旅途安全、爱护自然环境。 【详解】 1．句意：去年夏天我和家人去海滩旅行，我学到的一条规则是永远不要独自去任何地方，很容易迷路。句中有never，否定词，属于否定含义。go后面接地点：anywhere“任何地方”符合语境。 2．句意：如果你看到某个/任何可疑的东西，不要碰它，一定要告诉某个人，比如导游或者家长。此处为if引导的条件状语从句，从句内部是肯定句，something“某种东西”符合语境；anything suspicious“任何可疑的东西”也符合本空语境。 3．句意：如果你看到某个/任何可疑的东西，不要碰它，并且一定要告诉某个人，比如导游或父母。本句为肯定句，someone/somebody“某个人”符合语境。 4．句意：举个例子，有一次我在海滩上发现了闪闪发光的东西，但是妈妈告诉我们不应该触碰任何来历不明的东西。once“曾经”，讲述过去发生的事，为一般过去时，find的过去式为found。 5．句意：去年我去山里徒步。 last year“去年”，是一般过去时的标志词，hike的过去式为hiked。 6．句意：一条重要规则：不要吃你找到的任何东西。to eat前面有否定词not，否定含义。anything“任何东西”符合语境。 7．句意：另一条规则：不要丢下队伍里的任何人。not leaving…“不要丢下……”，含有否定含义。此处指不要丢下任何人，anyone/anybody“任何人”符合语境。 8．句意：例如，我的弟弟累了，所以所有人都陪他休息。结合前文规则，不丢下任何人，因此弟弟累了，所有人都要一起休息，everybody/everyone“每个人、所有人”符合语境。 9．句意：一条关键规则：确保什么都不要留下。后文“took all our litter with us把所有垃圾带走”说明不留下东西，nothing“什么都没有”，表示全部带走。 10．句意：当我们搭建营地的时候，我们四处查看，确保周围没有危险物品。set up为过去式，时态统一，look的过去式为looked。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $