专题05 阅读理解（说明文&议论文）（期中真题汇编，上海专用）八年级英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解（说明文&议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·上海浦东·期中）The Internet has become an important part of our daily life. Many people use it for work, study and entertainment. But do you know how the Internet was invented? The Internet was first developed in the 1960s by the US Department of Defense. At that time, it was called ARPANET. It was designed to connect computers at different universities and research centers. The goal was to share information and keep communication possible even if part of the network was destroyed. In the 1970s, scientists developed a way to send data between different networks. This was called TCP/IP. It became the standard for how data is sent over the Internet. In the 1990s, the World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. This made it easier for people to use the Internet. They could use browsers to view web pages with pictures and text. Today, the Internet connects billions of devices around the world. We can do almost anything online—shop, study, work, communicate and more. The Internet has changed the way we live and work. 1.When was the Internet first developed? A. In the 1950s. B. In the 1960s. C. In the 1970s. D. In the 1990s. 2.What was the original name of the Internet? A. ARPANET. B. TCP/IP. C. World Wide Web. D. Browser. 3.What was the purpose of the Internet at first? A. To connect computers in offices. B. To share information and keep communication. C. To help people shop online. D. To let people play games. 4.Who invented the World Wide Web? A. The US Department of Defense. B. Scientists in the 1970s. C. Tim Berners-Lee. D. Bill Gates. 5.What can we NOT do online according to the passage? A. Shop. B. Study. C. Travel. D. Communicate. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. B　4. C　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了互联网的发展历程。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The Internet was first developed in the 1960s by the US Department of Defense.”可知，互联网首次开发于20世纪60年代。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“At that time, it was called ARPANET.”可知，互联网最初的名字是ARPANET。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The goal was to share information and keep communication possible even if part of the network was destroyed.”可知，互联网最初的目的是共享信息并保障通信。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“In the 1990s, the World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee.”可知，万维网是蒂姆·伯纳斯·李发明的。故选C。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“We can do almost anything online—shop, study, work, communicate and more.”可知，网上不能直接进行“旅行”。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·上海崇明九校联考·期中）Is the Internet good or bad? It’s always a hot topic in our daily life. Different people may have different answers. Since the Internet came into being, it brought us pleasure and tears. Today, let’s take a look at some things that are disappearing as the Internet grows up. When modern people need to record (记录) some important things quickly, they don’t find a pen and a piece of paper to write, but to open their mobile phone or computer to record. As a result, it’s common for many people to “pick up the pen but forget words”. Perhaps, in a few years, will pen and paper disappear? As people more and more lose themselves in the online world, the real-looking photos disappear and you can only watch the beautiful pictures on the Internet. If one day you send a real (真实的) photo in your circle of friends, others will even think if it is a photo to make fun of. Now everyone can get digital maps in a few seconds by using computers or mobile phones. They are easy and fast for users. Do you remember the last time to look at a paper map? After a busy day for the whole family, people used to watch TV together, share information and express feelings. Nowadays, at home, a person with a mobile phone is the whole world. 1.How do people record anything important now? A. By sticking it on the wall. B. By writing it on the paper. C. By remembering it in mind. D. By using the mobile phone or computer. 2.Which of the following best describes (描述) most photos online now? A. Funny and true. B. Beautiful but not real. C. Ugly but true. D. Wonderful but not perfect. 3.What does the underlined word “They” refer (指代) to in the fifth paragraph? A. Computers. B. Mobile phones. C. Digital maps. D. Paper maps. 4.Which of the following things is NOT mentioned as disappearing in the text? A. Pen and paper B. Real-looking photos C. Newspapers D. Paper maps 5.After reading the last paragraph, what can you infer (推断)? A. Most people think the Internet is good. B. The paper maps aren’t useful since they appear. C. People don’t need to learn how to write the words now. D. People prefer playing with the mobile phone instead of talking with families. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. C　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文讨论了互联网发展导致的一些传统事物（如纸笔、真实照片、纸质地图和家庭交流）逐渐消失的现象。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“they don’t find a pen and a piece of paper to write, but to open their mobile phone or computer to record”可知，现在人们用手机或电脑记录重要事情。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“the real-looking photos disappear and you can only watch the beautiful pictures on the Internet”可知，现在网上大多数照片是美化过的，漂亮但不真实。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Now everyone can get digital maps in a few seconds...They are easy and fast for users”可知，“They”指代前句提到的“digital maps”。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。文中提到了笔和纸、真实照片、纸质地图和家庭交流的消失，未提及“报纸”。故选C。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Nowadays, at home, a person with a mobile phone is the whole world”可推断，人们更愿意玩手机而不是与家人交流。故选D。 Passage 3 （25-26八上·上海松江·期中）With the rapid development of technology, collecting online content is no longer limited by time or space. Many young people have developed the habit of digital hoarding (数字囤积). They save a lot of digital content and seldom delete (删除) it. A recent study shows that among 1001 young Chinese people surveyed, 82% of them share this habit. Favourite hoarded digital content 59%                         49.3%                                           44%                                           37.1%                                     36% Photos        Chat records       Self-improvement Materials for      Public account (公众号) articles      Movies and TV dramas    Top 4 reasons why they hoard digital content To get mental relief (心理安慰)                  To keep old memories            For low hoarding costs            To save for future use Advice for managing digital hoarding: •Collect content that can be used in the near future. •Put content into clear groups. •Delete old files (文件) often. •Set limits on favorites to avoid blind hoarding. 1.Which of the following do young Chinese people hoard most? A. Photos. B. Movies and TV dramas. C. Material for self-improvement. D. Public account articles. 2.What is NOT mentioned as a reason for digital hoarding? A. To store old memories. B. To keep for future use. C. To help friends. D. For mental relief. 3.Sandy likes chatting online and has got many photos in her mobile phone. She also likes downloading online articles. What can she do to leave more space in her phone? A. Collect any useful chat record and article. B. Group the photos clearly. C. Seldom delete chat records. D. Download things she needs a month later. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To say that hoarding is not right. B. To share storage tools with readers. C. To discuss hoarding problems and solutions. D. To encourage the habit of more digital hoarding. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着科技的快速发展，许多年轻人养成了数字囤积的习惯，他们保存大量数字内容且很少删除。文章介绍了年轻人最常囤积的数字内容、囤积的主要原因，并给出了管理数字囤积的建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Most favourite hoarded digital content”部分中“59% Photos”可知，照片是年轻人囤积最多的数字内容，占比59%。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Top 4 reasons why they hoard digital content”部分“To get mental relief (心理安慰) ；To keep old memories；For low hoarding costs；To save for future use”可知，文中提到的数字囤积的原因有：获得心理安慰、保留旧记忆、囤积成本低、为将来使用而保存，并没有提到“帮助朋友”。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Advice for managing digital hoarding”部分“Put content into clear groups.”可知，将内容分成清晰的组是管理数字囤积的建议之一，Sandy手机里有很多照片和下载的文章，将照片清晰地分组可以帮她节省手机空间。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了年轻人数字囤积的现象，接着列举了他们囤积的数字内容和原因，最后给出了管理数字囤积的建议，所以文章的主要目的是讨论数字囤积的问题和解决方案。故选C。 Passage 4 （25-26八上·上海徐汇·期中）When we think of food farming, we usually think of green fields in the country outside the city. Sam Chee works on a very different type of farm, in the center of the Canadian city of Toronto. “We grow fruits, vegetables and herbs,” says Sam. “But not many people know the farm is here. You can’t see it from the street. We’re on top of an office building, 50 meters above the ground.” Rooftop farming is becoming popular in cities like Toronto, New York and London. The roofs of buildings are often just wasted space, but this space can be used for growing good fresh food right in the middle of the city. Sam explains how it works. “We grow everything in big pots and boxes—there are hundreds of them. We catch rainwater to water the plants when the weather is dry.” The rooftop farm where Sam works belongs to a restaurant called Green Garden, on the ground floor of the building. The farm produces about half the restaurant’s fruits and vegetables. Sam believes that the rooftop farm is what makes Green Garden special. “We help to keep food production local. We don’t need to transport this food from anywhere, and that saves energy. It’s better for the environment.” The food from the rooftop is fresher too. “When the fruit and vegetables are ripe (成熟), we can pick them and use them right away. They taste better when they’re really fresh,” says Sam. “I hope that there will be more rooftop farms in the city soon. It could be the farming of the future.” 1.Green Garden’s rooftop farm is ________. A. in the countryside B. in the middle of a small town C. in the city center of Toronto D. near the city of New York 2.The fruit and vegetables Sam grows are ________. A. used in a restaurant in the same building B. sold to other restaurants nearby C. taken home by the people working there D. offered to people working in the building 3.The underlined word “this space” in paragraph 2 refers to ________. A. a restaurant called Green Garden B. different types of open space in cities C. the roofs of city buildings D. green fields in the countryside 4.According to Sam, the food from the rooftop is better than the food bought from other places because ________. A. it’s cheaper and tastes better B. it is fresher and better for the environment C. it uses wasted space in the city D. it can’t be bought in the local supermarket 5.The best title of the passage should be ________. A. The City of Toronto B. Fresh Fruits, Vegetables and Herbs C. Better Environment D. Rooftop Farming 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. C　4. B　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了加拿大多伦多市中心的屋顶农场及其特点、优势和发展前景。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Sam Chee works on a very different type of farm, in the center of the Canadian city of Toronto.”可知，屋顶农场在加拿大城市多伦多的中心。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The rooftop farm where Sam works belongs to a restaurant called Green Garden, on the ground floor of the building. The farm produces about half the restaurant’s fruits and vegetables.”可知，种植的果蔬用于同一栋楼的餐厅。故选A。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“The roofs of buildings are often just wasted space, but this space can be used for growing good fresh food right in the middle of the city.”可知，“this space”指代城市建筑的屋顶。故选C。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“‘We help to keep food production local. We don’t need to transport this food from anywhere, and that saves energy. It’s better for the environment.’”及“The food from the rooftop is fresher too.”可知，屋顶食物更环保且更新鲜。故选B。 (5)题解析： 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章围绕屋顶农场展开介绍。故选D。 主题语境02 人与自然-环境 （25-26八上·上海浦东·期中）Do you know about the Amazon rainforest? It is the largest rainforest in the world. It covers about 5.5 million square kilometers in South America. The Amazon River runs through it. The rainforest is home to millions of species of plants and animals. It has more species of plants and animals than any other place on Earth. For example, there are over 40,000 types of plants, 1,300 types of birds and 430 types of mammals. The Amazon rainforest is also called the “lungs of the Earth”. It produces about 20% of the world's oxygen. It helps to control the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide. However, the rainforest is in danger. Every year, large areas of the forest are cut down for wood or to make space for farms. This is called deforestation. Deforestation is a big problem because it destroys the homes of many animals and plants. It also affects the climate. We must protect the Amazon rainforest. We can do things like reducing the use of wood products, supporting companies that protect the forest, and learning more about it. 1.Where is the Amazon rainforest? A. In North America. B. In South America. C. In Africa. D. In Asia. 2.How many square kilometers does it cover? A. About 5.5 million. B. About 5 million. C. About 4.5 million. D. About 4 million. 3.Why is it called the “lungs of the Earth”? A. Because it has many animals. B. Because it produces much oxygen. C. Because it has many plants. D. Because it is very large. 4.What is deforestation? A. Protecting the forest. B. Cutting down trees. C. Planting trees. D. Building farms. 5.What can we do to protect the rainforest? A. Use more wood products. B. Cut down trees. C. Support companies that protect the forest. D. Build more farms. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. B　4. B　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了亚马逊雨林的相关情况。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It covers about 5.5 million square kilometers in South America.”可知，亚马逊雨林位于南美洲。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It covers about 5.5 million square kilometers in South America.”可知，雨林面积约为550万平方公里。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It produces about 20% of the world's oxygen.”可知，它被称为“地球之肺”是因为能产生大量氧气。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Every year, large areas of the forest are cut down for wood or to make space for farms. This is called deforestation.”可知，森林砍伐指的是砍伐树木的行为。故选B。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“We can do things like reducing the use of wood products, supporting companies that protect the forest, and learning more about it.”可知，支持保护森林的公司是保护雨林的举措之一。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-社会 （25-26八上·上海虹口·期中）Every Drop Counts Take Action Now to Conserve Water for Future Generations Turn Off the Tap: ·Don’t let the water run while brushing your teeth or washing dishes. ·Fix any leaking taps to prevent unnecessary water waste. Use Water Wisely: ·Use equipment that doesn’t waste much water. ·Water your plants early in the morning or late in the evening to minimize evaporation (减少蒸发). Reuse and Recycle Water: ·Collect rainwater for gardening and other outdoor uses. ·Use greywater systems to recycle water from sinks and showers. Educate and Support: ·Teach others about the importance of water protection. ·Support programs and actions that aim to protect our water resources. 1.The text above is ________. A. an advertisement B. an email C. a poster D. a newspaper 2.The underlined word “conserve” means ________. A. use B. save C. support D. waste 3.Which of the following pictures shows the “greywater system”? A. B. C. D. 4.The school is organizing a “Campus Water Saving Day” event. Which of the following suggestions does this activity follow? A. Turn off the tap. B. Use water wisely. C. Reuse and recycle water. D. Educate and support. 5.The main purpose of the material is to ________. A. show us the importance of protecting and conserving water B. introduce some simple and effective ways to conserve water C. provide examples of how people conserve water successfully D. attract people to take part in the water conservation activities 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. D　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇关于节约用水的宣传海报，详细介绍了多种节约用水的具体措施，包括及时关闭水龙头、合理用水、重复利用和回收水以及教育和支持相关活动等，旨在呼吁人们为子孙后代节约用水。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。文章整体以简洁明了的文字，搭配清晰的标题和要点列举，呈现出一种宣传、呼吁的风格，符合海报的特点。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章标题“Every Drop Counts. Take Action Now to Conserve Water for Future Generations”以及后文介绍的各种节约用水的方法，可以推断“conserve”在这里的意思是“节约、保存”，与“save”意思相近。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Use greywater systems to recycle water from sinks and showers.”可知，灰水系统是回收利用洗手池和淋浴间用水的系统。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。学校组织“校园节水日”活动，其目的主要是通过教育让学生了解节水的重要性并支持节水行动，从而在校园内形成节水的氛围和习惯。“Educate and support”（教育和支持）这一建议最符合该活动的宗旨。故选D。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章详细介绍了多种简单有效的节水方法，如关水龙头、合理用水、重复利用和回收水以及教育和支持相关行动等，其核心目的是向读者介绍这些节水方法。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·上海浦东进才中学·期中）Dujiangyan is an ancient irrigation (灌溉) system in Sichuan, China. It was designed by Li Bing, a local governor, and built over 2,200 years ago during the Qin Dynasty. Unlike modern dams (水坝), Dujiangyan has no walls to block water. Instead, it uses three main parts to control flooding and irrigate farmland. The first part is called the “Fish Mouth.” That’s because it looks like a fish’s mouth. It splits the Min River into two channels: an inner channel for irrigation and an outer channel for flood control. The second part is the “Flying Sand Fence.” It slows down the water and traps sediment (泥沙), preventing clogging (堵塞). The third part, the “Bottle Neck Channel,” acts like a valve (阀门). It releases water smoothly into farmland. Dujiangyan solved two major problems in ancient Sichuan: floods and droughts. Before its construction, floods destroyed crops every summer. In winter, however, droughts dried up fields. Today, Dujiangyan is still in use. It irrigates over 5,300 square kilometers of land, supporting six million people. In 2000, UNESCO named it a World Heritage Site for its “scientific and technological genius.” 1.When was Dujiangyan built? A. During the Tang Dynasty. B. During the Qin Dynasty. C. During the Ming Dynasty. D. During the Qing Dynasty. 2.According to the article, Dujiangyan differs from modern dams because it ________. A. has no walls B. is made up of three parts C. supports six million people D. can irrigate farmland as well as control flooding 3.What problems did Dujiangyan solve in ancient Sichuan? ① Floods in summer. ② Too much rainfall. ③ Droughts in winter. ④ Frequent earthquakes. A. ①② B. ③④ C. ①③ D. ②④ 4.Which part in the picture is the “Bottle Neck Channel”? A. Part 1. B. Part 2. C. Part 3. D. Part 4. 5.Which of the following statements is true based on the passage? A. Dujiangyan was built to generate electricity. B. Dujiangyan only irrigates farmland in Sichuan today. C. UNESCO praised Dujiangyan for its ancient engineering wisdom. D. The “Flying Sand Fence” speeds up water flow to prevent sediment buildup. 6.What is the best title for this passage? A. “How to Build a Dam.” B. “Li Bing: A Famous Governor.” C. “The History of Sichuan’s Floods.” D. “Dujiangyan: An Ancient Solution to Modern Problems.” 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D　5. C　6. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了都江堰灌溉系统是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一，展示了古代中国工程的智慧。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It was designed by Li Bing, a local governor, and built over 2,200 years ago during the Qin Dynasty.”可知建造在秦朝，故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Unlike modern dams, Dujiangyan has no walls to block water”可知主要区别是没有墙。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Dujiangyan solved two major problems in ancient Sichuan: floods and droughts.”可知都江堰解决了古代四川夏季洪水和冬季干旱这两个问题，故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“The third part, the ‘Bottle Neck Channel,’ acts like a valve. It releases water smoothly into farmland.”可知此部分可以把水引向农田，故选D。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“In 2000, UNESCO named it a World Heritage Site for its ‘scientific and technological genius.’”可知联合国教科文组织称都江堰体现了“科学和技术的天才”，即赞扬其古代工程智慧。故选C。 (6)题解析： 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章着重介绍都江堰在古代和现代的作用，故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·上海黄浦·期中）Ever feel lost with numbers? The right graph can help! It makes data clear. Let’s look at the four most common graph types: Pie Chart It’s good for showing a certain part of a whole and the proportion (比例) of each part. A pie chart enables you to plan your pocket money wisely: for snacks, books, and savings. Line Graph An excellent choice if you want to describe how something changes over time. It is also good for showing big differences. Many teachers prefer using a line graph to track students’ grades. Colorful Bar Graph A colorful bar graph can also show changes over time. However, it’s more direct to make comparisons between two or more things. That’s why we can use it to compare the popularity of different school clubs among your classmates. Venn Diagram A Venn Diagram features two overlapping circles. It’s perfect for sorting information. You can use a Venn Diagram to sort plants, for example. Plants with green leaves go on the left. Plants with flowers go on the right. Plants with both go in the middle where the circles overlap. Venn Diagram 1.Where can we probably find the passage? A. In a historical novel. B. In a maths textbook. C. In a sports newspaper. D. In a tour guide. 2.If you want to show how something changes over time and big differences, which graph would be a good choice? A. Pie chart B. Colorful Bar Graph C. Line Graph D. Venn Diagram 3.The underlined phrase overlapping circles means a circle ______. A. that covers part of another circle B. that is inside another circle C. that is far away from another circle D. that is drawn under another circle 4.If you want to show how different activities, such as sleeping, studying, fun, and sports, make up the 24 hours in your day, which graph is the best choice? A. Pie Chart B. Line Graph C. Colorful Bar Graph D. Venn Diagram 5.What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To tell people about the use of data. B. To introduce some helpful data display methods. C. To show how Venn Diagrams are different from other ways. D. To help people create a project. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. A　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了四种常见的图表类型（饼图、折线图、彩色柱状图、维恩图），并说明每种图表的功能与适用场景。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Ever feel lost with numbers? The right graph can help! It makes data clear.”可知，文章围绕数据图表展开，这类内容通常出现在数学课本中，故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Line Graph... An excellent choice if you want to describe how something changes over time. It is also good for showing big differences.”可知，折线图适合展示随时间的变化和较大差异，故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Plants with both go in the middle where the circles overlap.”可知，“overlapping circles” 指的是两个圆互相覆盖部分区域，选项A “that covers part of another circle”符合语境，故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Pie Chart... It’s good for showing a certain part of a whole and the proportion of each part.”可知，饼图适合展示整体中各部分的比例，“不同活动占一天 24 小时的比例”属于此类场景，故选A。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据“Let’s look at the four most common graph types”及全文对各类图表的介绍可知，文章的主要目的是介绍实用的数据展示方法，故选B。 Passage 3 （25-26八上·上海交大附中·期中）Choose the best answer. （根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案） Have you ever talked to a smartphone or something that helps to find information or complete tasks just like 360 Engine or Baidu? Well, the ChatGPT is a kind of thing like that, but it’s even smarter. ChatGPT is a cool computer program that can answer questions and can have conversations with you. It can understand what you are saying and can respond (反应) in a way. It was released (发布) by OpenAI in November 2022. They used a lot of information from books, websites and even movies to teach ChatGPT to talk to people. Now the ChatGPT is ready to talk to you. You can ask it anything you want to know like “what’s the capital of France” or “what’s the biggest animal in the world”. But ChatGPT is more than just a searching machine. It can also have real conversations with you. You can ask it how it’s feeling or tell it a joke. ▲ ChatGPT is not just a fun program to talk to but also a great tool to help you learn new things. Every time you ask the ChatGPT a question, you are expanding your knowledge. Maybe you will discover a new hobby or find an answer to a question that has been bothering you for a while. But most importantly, using ChatGPT can be a lot of fun. It’s also like a knowledgeable teacher who can chat with you and answer all kinds of questions. But ChatGPT isn’t perfect. It cannot take the place of face-to-face communication. Some people even use it to cheat, so we should use it correctly. 1.The writer introduces the topic of ChatGPT by ________. A. listing facts B. giving examples C. asking questions D. showing differences 2.Which of the following is the best for “ ▲ ”? A. It is quite a natural speaking machine. B. It can make you laugh when you are sad. C. You can learn something new with ChatGPT. D. It makes a breakthrough in translation. 3.The underlined word “expanding” in Paragraph 4 means “________” A. adding B. sharing C. breaking D. deciding 4.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. ChatGPT was released by Open AI in December 2022. B. ChatGPT is just a searching machine. C. ChatGPT is of great use and can do many things. D. ChatGPT took the place of face-to-face communication. 5.The structure (结构) of this passage is ________. (①=Paragraph 1) A. B. C. D. 6.The best title for the passage should be ________. A. How to Use ChatGPT to Cheat in Studies B. ChatGPT: A Smart Tool for Conversation and Learning C. The History of OpenAI and Its Inventions D. Why Can’t AI Take the Place of Face-to-Face Communication 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C　5. B　6. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了ChatGPT这一智能工具，它不仅可以进行对话，还可以帮助学习新事物，但也有不足之处，不能取代面对面交流。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Have you ever talked to a smartphone or something that helps to find information or complete tasks just like 360 Engine or Baidu? Well, the ChatGPT is a kind of thing like that, but it’s even smarter.”可知，作者通过提问的方式引出ChatGPT这一主题。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据前文“But ChatGPT is more than just a searching machine. It can also have real conversations with you. You can ask it how it’s feeling or tell it a joke.”可知，ChatGPT不仅仅是一台搜索机器。它也可以和你进行真正的对话。你可以问它感觉如何，或者给它讲个笑话。由此可推测，B选项“它能让你在难过的时候开怀大笑。”符合语境。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Every time you ask the ChatGPT a question, you are expanding your knowledge. Maybe you will discover a new hobby or find an answer to a question that has been bothering you for a while.”可知，每次你问ChatGPT一个问题，你都在扩大你的知识面，也许你会发现一个新的爱好，或者找到一个困扰你一段时间的问题的答案。所以“expanding”意为“扩大，增加”，与“adding”意思相近。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“ChatGPT is a cool computer program that can answer questions and can have conversations with you.”和“ChatGPT is not just a fun program to talk to but it’s also a great tool to help you learn new things.”可知，ChatGPT很有用，可以做很多事情。故选C。 (5)题解析： 篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段通过提问引出ChatGPT这个话题；第二、三、四段分别介绍了ChatGPT的功能、发布信息、与人类的交流能力以及在学习方面的帮助等；第五段指出ChatGPT存在的不足。所以文章的结构是总-分-总，选项B的结构符合。故选B。 (6)题解析： 最佳标题题。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT这一智能工具，它不仅可以进行对话，还可以帮助学习新事物，所以最佳标题为“ChatGPT: A Smart Tool for Conversation and Learning”。故选B。 Passage 4 （25-26八上·上海交大附中·期中）Choose the best answer. (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案) Home Lab                                                                                                       You’ll need: Let’s make your own barometer (气压计). Then you can measure (测量) air pressure at home and predict the weather yourself! Scissor off 1/3 of the balloon’s bottom. Spread the left part. Pull it tight over the jar top. Press the balloon to make it smooth and tie it with a rubber band. Cut one straw-end at 45° for a sharp point. Tape the straw’s other end to the balloon’s center. Ensure it points straight—it’s your “pointer”! Put an A4 paper in front of the straw’s sharp end. Mark the straw-pointing spot with a pencil. Use a ruler to make 4 lines each above and below this spot, 0.5 cm apart. Draw a sun next to the top mark, a cloud with raindrops next to the bottom mark. Place the whole device in a corner where it won’t be disturbed (打扰). Check straw position daily at set times, record where it points. If the straw points to the top mark, the weather will probably be dry and sunny. If it points to the bottom mark, it may rain. If it’s in the middle, the weather will likely stay the same. How it works: Warm air rising causes low pressure (common in rainy weather), and inside air pushes the balloon lid (盖子) out, and then, the moving straw pointer goes down. Sunny days opposite. 1.Among all the following objects, which are needed in Step 1? A. B. C. D. 2.The straw is used to ________. A. fix the rubber band B. draw the pictures C. point at the lines D. make the balloon smooth 3.According to the underlined part in Step 3, which picture is correct? A. B. C. D. 4.How does the barometer work on sunny days? A. Low pressure outside →Balloon lid out →Pointer up B. Low pressure outside →Balloon lid in →Pointer down C. High pressure outside →Balloon lid out →Pointer down D. High pressure outside → Balloon lid in→Pointer up 5.We can read this passage in the ________ section of a magazine? A. science B. space C. sports D. news 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. D　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了在家做气压计的材料、步骤及原理。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Scissor off 1/3 of the balloon’s bottom. Spread the left part. Pull it tight over the jar top. Press the balloon to make it smooth and tie it with a rubber band.”可知，第一步需要剪刀、气球、瓶子及橡皮筋。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Ensure it points straight—it’s your ‘pointer’!”可知，吸管是用来指向线条的。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Use a ruler to make 4 lines each above and below this spot, 0.5 cm apart.”可知，用尺子在这个点的上方和下方各画4条线，相距0.5 cm，D图片符合。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Warm air rising causes low pressure (common in rainy weather), and inside air pushes the balloon lid (盖子) out, and then, the moving straw pointer goes down. Sunny days opposite.”可知，雨天时暖空气上升导致低压，内部空气将气球盖推出，然后移动的吸管指针下降，反之是晴天。故选D。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。本文介绍了在家做气压计的材料、步骤及原理，属于科学实验小制作，最有可能出现在杂志的“科学”专栏。故选A。 主题语境03 人与自我-健康 （25-26八上·上海徐汇联考·期中）Choose the best answer (根据以下内容，选出最恰当的答案) Nov 5, 2025       Home       Products       Blog       FAQ        You’ve probably heard this advice: drink eight glasses of water every day. Well, I’m sorry to say it’s not true. This idea won’t make your skin look bright, help you think better, or give you more energy. There’s a lot of wrong information about this. It’s surprising how many people believe it—you hear it on TV and read it in articles. But it’s not correct. Most of the time, your body will tell you when you need water. Why? Because you have great kidneys (肾) that don’t get enough praise. Kidneys are two organs in your body. Their job is to clean your blood and remove waste. Every day, all the blood in your body flows through your kidneys. Many things influence your body, such as what you eat and drink, the outside temperature, and how much you exercise. If the amount of any substance in your body becomes too high or too low, it can be harmful to you. Luckily, kidneys work hard to keep these substances balanced. So, if you don’t need eight glasses a day, how much water should you drink? The answer is simple: there’s no fixed number. Just drink when you feel thirsty. You can trust your body. Unless you have kidney stones or you’re an old person, you don’t need to check how much water you drink all the time. Here’s something people often forget: almost everything you eat or drink has water. Your morning coffee has water, and your breakfast does too. Snacks like apples, oranges, or a glass of juice are also full of water. So, as long as you pay attention to your thirst, you don’t have to count those eight glasses at all! 1.We can find this article in the ______ section of a newspaper. A. sports B. fashion C. travel D. health 2.Drinking eight glasses of water a day can ______ to your body. A. ease your thirst B. make your skin bright C. make you feel clear-headed D. make you feel more energetic 3.What is NOT the function of the kidneys? A. Removing wastes from the body. B. Cleaning your blood. C. Keeping the substances in balance. D. Making you feel thirsty. 4.Something people often forget is that ______. A. caring about how much water to drink is necessary B. almost everything you eat or drink contains water C. the snack contains no water D. you should not listen to your body’s sense of thirst 5.What’s the best title of the article? A. Drinking as much water as possible B. Drinking water is of great importance C. Why should we drink enough water? D. Is drinking eight glasses of water a day necessary? 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. D　4. B　5. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讨论了每天喝八杯水的建议并不准确，指出身体会通过口渴感来提示需要饮水，并解释了肾脏在调节体内水分平衡中的作用，强调无需严格计算饮水量。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讨论了每天喝八杯水的建议并不准确，并解释了肾脏的作用以及如何判断自己需要喝多少水，这些内容都与健康相关。因此，最有可能在报纸的健康版块找到这篇文章。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“You’ve probably heard this advice: drink eight glasses of water every day. Well, I’m sorry to say it’s not true. This idea won’t make your skin look bright, help you think better, or give you more energy.”可知，每天喝八杯水并不能使皮肤明亮、头脑清晰或提供更多能量，只能解渴，选项A正确。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Their job is to clean your blood and remove waste.”以及“kidneys work hard to keep these substances balanced.”可知，肾脏的作用包括清洁血液、去除废物和保持体内物质平衡，不包括选项D“让你感到口渴”。故选D。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Here’s something people often forget: almost everything you eat or drink has water.”可知，人们经常忘记的是几乎所有吃或喝的东西都含有水分。故选B。 (5)题解析： 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了每天喝八杯水的建议并不准确，并解释了肾脏的作用以及如何判断自己需要喝多少水，因此选项D“每天喝八杯水有必要吗？”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26八上·上海徐汇南模中学·期中）A water footprint is the total amount of water used to make the things we use every day. This includes the water for growing food, producing clothes and generating (产生) electricity. Everything we use “drinks” some water before it reaches us. It’s important to understand our water footprint because water is a very precious resource—one we must use wisely. There are three main types of water footprints: green, blue, and grey. The green water footprint refers to the rainwater used to grow crops. For example, wheat and rice depend on rainwater to grow. The blue water footprint is the fresh water taken from rivers, lakes or underground sources for production. This includes the water used in factories or to irrigate (灌溉) crops. The grey water footprint is the water needed to clean up pollution. When factories release waste, it often takes a lot of water to clean up the mess. To see how much water we actually use, let’s look at some examples. Producing just one kilogram of beef takes about 15,000 liters of water. This water is used to grow food for the cows and to keep them healthy. By comparison, producing one kilogram of rice requires about 2,500 liters of water. This shows that different foods and products need different amounts of water. We can reduce our water footprint by saving water in our daily lives. Simple actions like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth, using less water when washing dishes and fixing leaks can all go a long way. Eating less meat can also help because producing meat uses a lot of water. Another smart move is to choose products that use less water to make. By understanding our water footprint and making thoughtful choices, we can help protect this important resource for the future. 1.By writing this article, the author mainly wanted to ________. A. show people how to reduce water pollution B. discuss the importance of saving water in daily life C. explain the idea of water footprint and how to reduce it D. compare the amount of water used in different products 2.The “grey water footprint” is the water used for ________. A. growing crops B. drinking and cooking C. cleaning up pollution D. washing clothes at home 3.How much water is needed to produce one kilogram of beef? A. 2,500 liters. B. 15,000 liters. C. 5,000 liters. D. 1,000 liters. 4.The examples of beef and rice are given to show that ________. A. people should stop eating beef B. beef is more delicious than rice C. farming cows is easier than growing rice D. different products need different amounts of water 5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to reduce our water footprint? A. Fixing leaks. B. Eating less meat. C. Taking shorter showers. D. Turning off the tap while brushing teeth. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. D　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了水足迹的概念，包括其三种类型：绿色水足迹、蓝色水足迹和灰色水足迹，并给出了减少水足迹的方法，呼吁人们理解水足迹并做出明智的选择，以保护这一重要资源。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容，特别是最后一段“By understanding our water footprint and making thoughtful choices, we can help protect this important resource for the future.”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是解释水足迹的概念以及如何减少它。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The grey water footprint is the water needed to clean up pollution.”可知，灰色水足迹是指用于清理污染的水。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Producing just one kilogram of beef takes about 15,000 liters of water.”可知，生产一公斤牛肉需要大约15,000升水。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“This shows that different foods and products need different amounts of water.”可知，作者通过牛肉和大米的例子来说明不同的食物和产品需要不同量的水。故选D。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Simple actions like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth, using less water when washing dishes and fixing leaks can all go a long way. Eating less meat can also help because producing meat uses a lot of water.”可知，文章提到了刷牙时关掉水龙头、洗碗时少用水、修理漏水以及少吃肉等方法来减少水足迹，但没有提到洗淋浴时间短一些。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·上海普陀·期中）Independent thinker or follower? The Internet lets everyone share their ideas and seems to create a more open and colourful world. However, have you ever felt like you’re in your own small world where the Internet only shows you things that you already like and agree with? This small world is called an “information cocoon (茧房)”. Imagine a safe and comfortable little house that only lets in the sounds and ideas you like. It keeps you feeling good, but it also stops you from seeing the bigger world outside. Social research in 2023 asked over 1,500 people about how they got information online. The results are shown below. Survey 1: Do you believe that you are in an information cocoon? Survey 2: Do you actively search for information? The results make us think: Do we control what we see, or does the Internet control us? This question actually is not something new, but it’s happening a lot more now. Why does this happen? It’s because of algorithms (算法). Algorithms are computer programs used by apps and websites. They watch what you click on and what you like. Then, they decide what to show you next. If you like basketball, they will show you more basketball videos. If you believe something, they will show you more information that supports that belief. Staying in an information cocoon makes us feel good. However, this can make our opinions and thinking very rigid and make it hard for us to understand people who think differently. So, how can we avoid this? One helpful tip is to challenge ourselves by looking for information from different sources. Also, ask questions about where the information you’ve found comes from, and always ________. 1.What is an “information cocoon”? A. An open and colourful world. B. A world with only your favorite ideas. C. A safe and comfortable little house. D. A dangerous place online. 2.According to Survey 2, which of the following is RIGHT? A. Most people enjoy looking for new information often. B. More than one third of the people often search for information actively. C. About one fifth of the people almost never look for information. D. More than half of the people don’t often look for information actively. 3.Why does the writer show these two surveys together? A. To show different hobbies. B. To show a common daily habit. C. To show a knowing-but-not-doing situation. D. To explain the importance of algorithms. 4.The underlined word “rigid” means “________”. A. very clear and quick B. full of great ideas C. not able to change easily D. not very strong 5.What tip can be put in the blank of the last paragraph? A. keep an open mind B. trust your first feeling C. focus on your favourite topics D. remember your past choices 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. C　5. A 【解析】【导语】 本文讨论了社交媒体上信息茧房的现象，它如何形成，以及如何打破这种局限以拓宽我们的视野。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“However, have you ever felt like you’re in your own small world where the Internet only shows you things that you already like and agree with? This small world is called an ‘information cocoon (茧房)’.”可知，“信息茧房”指只出现你喜欢或同意的信息世界。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二项调查图可知，只有32.3%的人经常主动搜索信息，56.9%只在必要时才搜索，另有10.9%几乎从不搜索，所以不经常主动搜索信息的总和超过一半。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Staying in an information cocoon makes us feel good. However, this can make our opinions and thinking very rigid and make it hard for us to understand people who think differently.”可知，文章通过这两项调查想说明：大多数人明知自己可能“被困”在信息茧房，但并没有真的主动去找更多不同信息，属于“知道却没有行动”的状态。故选C。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“However, this can make our opinions and thinking very rigid and make it hard for us to understand people who think differently.”可知，这会让我们的观点和思维非常僵化，让我们很难理解那些想法不同的人；可推测出“rigid”意为“僵硬的”，与C选项意思相近。故选C。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“So, how can we avoid this? One helpful tip is to challenge ourselves by looking for information from different sources. Also, ask questions about where the information you’ve found comes from, and always…”可推知，为避免被信息茧房局限，需了解信息来源并“始终保持开放的心态”。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·上海建平实验中学·期中）Drones (无人机): Useful Helpers in Our Daily Lives In recent years, drones have become more and more popular. These small flying machines, which can be controlled by remote devices, are no longer just toys for hobbyists. They are now playing important roles in many parts of our daily lives, making our work easier and life more convenient. One of the most common uses of drones is in delivery services. Big companies like Amazon have tested drone delivery for a long time. Instead of sending delivery workers by bike or car, drones can carry small packages (such as books, snacks, and even medicine) to people’s homes quickly. This is especially helpful in areas with heavy traffic, as drones can fly over cars and reach the destination in less time. Drones also bring great benefits to agriculture. Farmers use drones to check their crops. Equipped with special cameras, drones can fly over large fields and take clear pictures. Farmers can then look at these pictures to see if their crops are healthy, if they need more water, or if there are pests. This helps farmers save a lot of time and energy compared to walking around the fields by themselves. Besides, drones are useful in search and rescue work. When someone gets lost in the mountains or a forest, rescuers can use drones to look for them. Drones can cover large areas quickly and send real-time videos back to rescuers. This makes it much easier for rescuers to find the lost person, especially in dangerous or hard-to-reach places. However, using drones also has some rules. For example, drones cannot fly near airports (because they may disturb planes) and must not be used to take photos of other people’s houses without permission. Following these rules helps keep everyone safe and protects people’s privacy. With their many useful functions, drones are sure to become even more important in our daily lives in the future. 1.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell readers how to make a drone. B. To introduce the uses of drones in daily life. C. To explain why drones are expensive. D. To describe the history of drones. 2.Which of the following is NOT a use of drones mentioned in the passage? A. Delivering small packages. B. Helping farmers check crops. C. Teaching students in class. D. Assisting in search and rescue work. 3.Why is drone delivery helpful in areas with heavy traffic? A. Drones are cheaper than delivery cars. B. Drones can fly over cars and save time. C. Drones can carry very large packages. D. Drones don’t need any power to fly. 4.What does the underlined word “pests” mean in Chinese? A. 杂草 B. 害虫 C. 农具 D. 肥料 5.What can we learn from the passage? A. Drones can be used freely anywhere. B. Drones are only used by big companies now. C. Drones will be more useful in the future. D. Drones can replace farmers to grow crops. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. B　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了无人机在日常生活中的多种用途，包括送货服务、农业应用和搜救工作，并提到了使用无人机的一些规则。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章标题“Drones (无人机): Useful Helpers in Our Daily Lives”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了无人机在日常生活中的多种用途。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One of the most common uses of drones is in delivery services.”、第三段“Drones also bring great benefits to agriculture. Farmers use drones to check their crops.”以及第四段“Besides, drones are useful in search and rescue work.”可知，无人机用于送货服务、农业检查和搜救工作，并未提及用于课堂上教学。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This is especially helpful in areas with heavy traffic, as drones can fly over cars and reach the destination in less time.”可知，无人机在交通拥堵的地区很有帮助，因为它们可以飞越汽车，更快地到达目的地。故选B。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Farmers can then look at these pictures to see if their crops are healthy, if they need more water, or if there are pests.”可知，农民可以通过这些图片查看庄稼是否健康，是否需要更多的水，或者是否有害虫。根据句意可推断“pests”意为“害虫”。故选B。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“With their many useful functions, drones are sure to become even more important in our daily lives in the future.”可知，无人机具有多种有用的功能，未来在我们的日常生活中一定会变得更加重要。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26八上·上海世外中学·期中） Curiosity: A Lifelong Gift Curiosity is an inborn ability that stays with us throughout life. Let’s see how it shows at different stages. Babies When babies see new or unfamiliar things, their eyes light up. They stare, reach out, and try to understand these unknown objects — maybe a colorful rattle (拨浪鼓), a moving curtain, or even their own dry hands. They wave their fingers, grab at toys, and laugh happily as they connect “this thing” to“ that feeling.” It’s their first step to explore the world, one small discovery at a time. Preschoolers Preschool kids are little explorers with boundless energy. They spend ages playing with toys, taking them apart (if allowed) and putting them back together— whether it’s a building block tower, a plastic car, or a stuffed animal with removable parts. They might ask, “What’s inside?” as they pry open (弄明白) a puzzle, or giggle while mixing mud and water to see “what happens.” Every toy, every puddle, every bug under a rock is a mystery waiting to be solved. School Children At school, curiosity drives kids to ask endless questions. “Why is the sky blue?” “How do birds fly?” “Do fish sleep?” These questions aren’t annoying — they’re signs of a hungry mind eager to learn. They lean forward in class when the teacher talks about dinosaurs, rush to the library to check out books on space, and even argue playfully with friends over “the right answer”— all because they can’t wait to know more. Grown- ups Even as adults, we stay curious. We read books to learn new ideas, whether it’s a novel set in a foreign land or a guide to growing houseplants. We travel to discover new cultures — tasting street food in a bustling market, learning a few words of a local language, or marveling at ancient temples. We try new hobbies too: baking sourdough (发酸面团) bread to see how yeast works, picking up a guitar to learn a favorite song, or gardening to watch seeds turn into flowers. Curiosity never fades; it just takes new forms. So, never lose your curiosity. It’s the key to a life full of learning and wonder. 1.What do babies do when they meet with something new, according to the passage? A. They ask simple questions like “What’s this?”. B. They try to grab, stare, and feel the unknown object. C. They share it with other babies around them. D. They wait for adults to explain it to them. 2.Why do preschoolers spend a lot of time with toys? A. They want to show off their toys to friends. B. They need to practice hand skills by playing. C. They are trying to figure out how toys work. D. They are told to do so by their parents. 3.What does the underlined words “boundless energy” probably mean in the passage? A. Very little energy B. Energy only for playing C. Energy that is easily lost D. Energy that never runs out 4.Which of the following shows that curiosity “takes new forms” in adults as mentioned in the passage? A. A mother watching her baby reach for a rattle, smiling at his curiosity. B. A father helping his preschooler take apart a toy to see how it works. C. A teacher reading a book about ancient civilizations to learn new stories. D. A neighbor chatting with others about the weather, just to pass time. 5.What is the main-idea of the passage? A. Curiosity changes its forms as people grow older. B. Curiosity is a lifelong ability that enriches every stage of life. C. Different age groups have different ways to explore the world. D. Adults should learn from children to keep their curiosity alive. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C　5. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍好奇心是伴随一生的天赋，以及它在人生不同阶段的体现。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“When babies see new or unfamiliar things, their eyes light up. They stare, reach out, and try to understand these unknown objects”可知婴儿看到新事物时会盯着看、伸手去够，试图了解这些未知的事物，故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“taking them apart (if allowed) and putting them back together”和“They might ask, ‘What’s inside?’ as they pry open a puzzle, ”可知他们会把玩具拆开，再组装回去，他们可能会在试图弄明白拼图时问“里面是什么？”，所以推断学龄前儿童花大量时间玩玩具是试图弄清玩具的工作原理，故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“They spend ages”并结合备选项可猜测其指学龄前儿童探索世界的精力充沛，故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“We read books to learn new ideas, ...We travel to discover new cultures...We try new hobbies too”可知成年人的好奇心会以新的形式呈现，比如读书、旅行、尝试新的爱好，所以判断选项C中老师读关于古代文明的书来学习新故事，是成年人好奇心的新形式，故选C。 (5)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章可知全文介绍了好奇心伴随人的一生，并在不同人生阶段有不同体现，故选B。 主题语境02 人与自然-动物与植物 Growing Mint (薄荷) Mint is a useful plant. You can see it in various dishes. Mint can bring us many health benefits (益处). It can also help us relax. Don’t believe it? Just smell the plant when you feel tired. Now, if you love mint, you don’t have to buy it at the market. The plant is very easy to grow. You can plant it all year round, and it can grow well both indoors and outdoors. What you need ★ a flowerpot (with holes on the bottom) ★ some soil ★ mint seeds or mint plants ★ a fork ★ a plant saucer (盆托) Steps {1} Prepare your pot. Fill your flower pot with soil. Fill soil to a depth of about 25 centimeters. Use a garden fork to loosen (松动) the soil. {2} Plant your mint. Plant your mint seeds 40 centimetres apart from each other. If your pot is small, use just one plant or seed. {3} Where to put your plant? Mint loves sunlight, but it also likes a bit of shade (阴凉). Put your plant in a place where it can get both sunlight and shade. {4} Water your mint. Mint prefers wet soil. Keep the soil well watered, but don’t overdo it. Don’t forget to put a plant saucer under your pot. {5} Time to harvest! Mint grows fast. After your plant grows up, you can pick its leaves at any time. To make things more fun, why not ask each of your classmates to grow some mint? Let’s see whose mint grows the fastest! 1.This article mainly teaches people how to ________. A. plant flowers B. grow mint C. use mint to relax D. use mint in cooking 2.We need all of the following tools or materials when we grow mint except ________. A. a garden fork B. soil C. a plant saucer D. scissors 3.According to the article, what should we use to loosen the soil? A. Chopsticks. B. A garden fork. C. A plant saucer. D. Some mint leaves. 4.Which of the following pictures shows the correct way of growing mint? A. B. C. D. 5.Which of the following statements is true according to the article? A. You can only grow mint indoors. B. Mint grows the fastest in summer. C. Mint should be watered once a month. D. Mint can be grown at any time of year. 6.We can make mint-planting more fun by ________. A. growing mint in water B. placing a plant saucer under the pot C. picking the leaves of our mint every day D. inviting others to join us in growing mint 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. B　5. D　6. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了如何种植薄荷。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Growing Mint”并结合文章内容可知，全文围绕薄荷的种植工具、步骤展开，因此本文主要教人们如何种植薄荷。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“What you need”部分中的内容可知，种植薄荷需要花盆、土壤、薄荷种子或植株、叉子、盆托，不需要剪刀。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Use a garden fork to loosen (松动) the soil.”可知，用花园叉来松土。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Plant your mint seeds 40 centimetres apart from each other.”可知，选项B的图片符合种子间距40厘米的要求。故选B。 (5)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“You can plant it all year round,”可知，薄荷可以在一年中的任何时间种植。故选D。 (6)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“To make things more fun, why not ask each of your classmates to grow some mint?”可知，邀请他人一起种植薄荷可以让种植过程更有趣。故选D。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题05阅读理解（说明文&议论文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.C5.C Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.C5.D Passage 3 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.C Passage 4 【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.B5.D 主题语境02人与自然-环境 【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.B5.C 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-社会 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.D5.B 主题语境02人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D5.C6.D Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.A5.B 112 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C5.B6.B Passage 4 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.D5.A 主题语境03人与自我-健康 【答案】1.D2.A3.D4.B5.D 主题语境04人与自然-环境 【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.D5.C 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.C5.A Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.B5.C Passage 3 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.C5.B 主题语境02人与自然-动物与植物 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.B5.D6.D 212 专题05 阅读理解（说明文&议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·上海浦东·期中）The Internet has become an important part of our daily life. Many people use it for work, study and entertainment. But do you know how the Internet was invented? The Internet was first developed in the 1960s by the US Department of Defense. At that time, it was called ARPANET. It was designed to connect computers at different universities and research centers. The goal was to share information and keep communication possible even if part of the network was destroyed. In the 1970s, scientists developed a way to send data between different networks. This was called TCP/IP. It became the standard for how data is sent over the Internet. In the 1990s, the World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. This made it easier for people to use the Internet. They could use browsers to view web pages with pictures and text. Today, the Internet connects billions of devices around the world. We can do almost anything online—shop, study, work, communicate and more. The Internet has changed the way we live and work. 1.When was the Internet first developed? A. In the 1950s. B. In the 1960s. C. In the 1970s. D. In the 1990s. 2.What was the original name of the Internet? A. ARPANET. B. TCP/IP. C. World Wide Web. D. Browser. 3.What was the purpose of the Internet at first? A. To connect computers in offices. B. To share information and keep communication. C. To help people shop online. D. To let people play games. 4.Who invented the World Wide Web? A. The US Department of Defense. B. Scientists in the 1970s. C. Tim Berners-Lee. D. Bill Gates. 5.What can we NOT do online according to the passage? A. Shop. B. Study. C. Travel. D. Communicate. Passage 2 （25-26八上·上海崇明九校联考·期中）Is the Internet good or bad? It’s always a hot topic in our daily life. Different people may have different answers. Since the Internet came into being, it brought us pleasure and tears. Today, let’s take a look at some things that are disappearing as the Internet grows up. When modern people need to record (记录) some important things quickly, they don’t find a pen and a piece of paper to write, but to open their mobile phone or computer to record. As a result, it’s common for many people to “pick up the pen but forget words”. Perhaps, in a few years, will pen and paper disappear? As people more and more lose themselves in the online world, the real-looking photos disappear and you can only watch the beautiful pictures on the Internet. If one day you send a real (真实的) photo in your circle of friends, others will even think if it is a photo to make fun of. Now everyone can get digital maps in a few seconds by using computers or mobile phones. They are easy and fast for users. Do you remember the last time to look at a paper map? After a busy day for the whole family, people used to watch TV together, share information and express feelings. Nowadays, at home, a person with a mobile phone is the whole world. 1.How do people record anything important now? A. By sticking it on the wall. B. By writing it on the paper. C. By remembering it in mind. D. By using the mobile phone or computer. 2.Which of the following best describes (描述) most photos online now? A. Funny and true. B. Beautiful but not real. C. Ugly but true. D. Wonderful but not perfect. 3.What does the underlined word “They” refer (指代) to in the fifth paragraph? A. Computers. B. Mobile phones. C. Digital maps. D. Paper maps. 4.Which of the following things is NOT mentioned as disappearing in the text? A. Pen and paper B. Real-looking photos C. Newspapers D. Paper maps 5.After reading the last paragraph, what can you infer (推断)? A. Most people think the Internet is good. B. The paper maps aren’t useful since they appear. C. People don’t need to learn how to write the words now. D. People prefer playing with the mobile phone instead of talking with families. Passage 3 （25-26八上·上海松江·期中）With the rapid development of technology, collecting online content is no longer limited by time or space. Many young people have developed the habit of digital hoarding (数字囤积). They save a lot of digital content and seldom delete (删除) it. A recent study shows that among 1001 young Chinese people surveyed, 82% of them share this habit. Favourite hoarded digital content 59%                         49.3%                                           44%                                           37.1%                                     36% Photos        Chat records       Self-improvement Materials for      Public account (公众号) articles      Movies and TV dramas    Top 4 reasons why they hoard digital content To get mental relief (心理安慰)                  To keep old memories            For low hoarding costs            To save for future use Advice for managing digital hoarding: •Collect content that can be used in the near future. •Put content into clear groups. •Delete old files (文件) often. •Set limits on favorites to avoid blind hoarding. 1.Which of the following do young Chinese people hoard most? A. Photos. B. Movies and TV dramas. C. Material for self-improvement. D. Public account articles. 2.What is NOT mentioned as a reason for digital hoarding? A. To store old memories. B. To keep for future use. C. To help friends. D. For mental relief. 3.Sandy likes chatting online and has got many photos in her mobile phone. She also likes downloading online articles. What can she do to leave more space in her phone? A. Collect any useful chat record and article. B. Group the photos clearly. C. Seldom delete chat records. D. Download things she needs a month later. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To say that hoarding is not right. B. To share storage tools with readers. C. To discuss hoarding problems and solutions. D. To encourage the habit of more digital hoarding. Passage 4 （25-26八上·上海徐汇·期中）When we think of food farming, we usually think of green fields in the country outside the city. Sam Chee works on a very different type of farm, in the center of the Canadian city of Toronto. “We grow fruits, vegetables and herbs,” says Sam. “But not many people know the farm is here. You can’t see it from the street. We’re on top of an office building, 50 meters above the ground.” Rooftop farming is becoming popular in cities like Toronto, New York and London. The roofs of buildings are often just wasted space, but this space can be used for growing good fresh food right in the middle of the city. Sam explains how it works. “We grow everything in big pots and boxes—there are hundreds of them. We catch rainwater to water the plants when the weather is dry.” The rooftop farm where Sam works belongs to a restaurant called Green Garden, on the ground floor of the building. The farm produces about half the restaurant’s fruits and vegetables. Sam believes that the rooftop farm is what makes Green Garden special. “We help to keep food production local. We don’t need to transport this food from anywhere, and that saves energy. It’s better for the environment.” The food from the rooftop is fresher too. “When the fruit and vegetables are ripe (成熟), we can pick them and use them right away. They taste better when they’re really fresh,” says Sam. “I hope that there will be more rooftop farms in the city soon. It could be the farming of the future.” 1.Green Garden’s rooftop farm is ________. A. in the countryside B. in the middle of a small town C. in the city center of Toronto D. near the city of New York 2.The fruit and vegetables Sam grows are ________. A. used in a restaurant in the same building B. sold to other restaurants nearby C. taken home by the people working there D. offered to people working in the building 3.The underlined word “this space” in paragraph 2 refers to ________. A. a restaurant called Green Garden B. different types of open space in cities C. the roofs of city buildings D. green fields in the countryside 4.According to Sam, the food from the rooftop is better than the food bought from other places because ________. A. it’s cheaper and tastes better B. it is fresher and better for the environment C. it uses wasted space in the city D. it can’t be bought in the local supermarket 5.The best title of the passage should be ________. A. The City of Toronto B. Fresh Fruits, Vegetables and Herbs C. Better Environment D. Rooftop Farming 主题语境02 人与自然-环境 （25-26八上·上海浦东·期中）Do you know about the Amazon rainforest? It is the largest rainforest in the world. It covers about 5.5 million square kilometers in South America. The Amazon River runs through it. The rainforest is home to millions of species of plants and animals. It has more species of plants and animals than any other place on Earth. For example, there are over 40,000 types of plants, 1,300 types of birds and 430 types of mammals. The Amazon rainforest is also called the “lungs of the Earth”. It produces about 20% of the world's oxygen. It helps to control the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide. However, the rainforest is in danger. Every year, large areas of the forest are cut down for wood or to make space for farms. This is called deforestation. Deforestation is a big problem because it destroys the homes of many animals and plants. It also affects the climate. We must protect the Amazon rainforest. We can do things like reducing the use of wood products, supporting companies that protect the forest, and learning more about it. 1.Where is the Amazon rainforest? A. In North America. B. In South America. C. In Africa. D. In Asia. 2.How many square kilometers does it cover? A. About 5.5 million. B. About 5 million. C. About 4.5 million. D. About 4 million. 3.Why is it called the “lungs of the Earth”? A. Because it has many animals. B. Because it produces much oxygen. C. Because it has many plants. D. Because it is very large. 4.What is deforestation? A. Protecting the forest. B. Cutting down trees. C. Planting trees. D. Building farms. 5.What can we do to protect the rainforest? A. Use more wood products. B. Cut down trees. C. Support companies that protect the forest. D. Build more farms. 主题语境01 人与社会-社会 （25-26八上·上海虹口·期中）Every Drop Counts Take Action Now to Conserve Water for Future Generations Turn Off the Tap: ·Don’t let the water run while brushing your teeth or washing dishes. ·Fix any leaking taps to prevent unnecessary water waste. Use Water Wisely: ·Use equipment that doesn’t waste much water. ·Water your plants early in the morning or late in the evening to minimize evaporation (减少蒸发). Reuse and Recycle Water: ·Collect rainwater for gardening and other outdoor uses. ·Use greywater systems to recycle water from sinks and showers. Educate and Support: ·Teach others about the importance of water protection. ·Support programs and actions that aim to protect our water resources. 1.The text above is ________. A. an advertisement B. an email C. a poster D. a newspaper 2.The underlined word “conserve” means ________. A. use B. save C. support D. waste 3.Which of the following pictures shows the “greywater system”? A. B. C. D. 4.The school is organizing a “Campus Water Saving Day” event. Which of the following suggestions does this activity follow? A. Turn off the tap. B. Use water wisely. C. Reuse and recycle water. D. Educate and support. 5.The main purpose of the material is to ________. A. show us the importance of protecting and conserving water B. introduce some simple and effective ways to conserve water C. provide examples of how people conserve water successfully D. attract people to take part in the water conservation activities 主题语境02 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·上海浦东进才中学·期中）Dujiangyan is an ancient irrigation (灌溉) system in Sichuan, China. It was designed by Li Bing, a local governor, and built over 2,200 years ago during the Qin Dynasty. Unlike modern dams (水坝), Dujiangyan has no walls to block water. Instead, it uses three main parts to control flooding and irrigate farmland. The first part is called the “Fish Mouth.” That’s because it looks like a fish’s mouth. It splits the Min River into two channels: an inner channel for irrigation and an outer channel for flood control. The second part is the “Flying Sand Fence.” It slows down the water and traps sediment (泥沙), preventing clogging (堵塞). The third part, the “Bottle Neck Channel,” acts like a valve (阀门). It releases water smoothly into farmland. Dujiangyan solved two major problems in ancient Sichuan: floods and droughts. Before its construction, floods destroyed crops every summer. In winter, however, droughts dried up fields. Today, Dujiangyan is still in use. It irrigates over 5,300 square kilometers of land, supporting six million people. In 2000, UNESCO named it a World Heritage Site for its “scientific and technological genius.” 1.When was Dujiangyan built? A. During the Tang Dynasty. B. During the Qin Dynasty. C. During the Ming Dynasty. D. During the Qing Dynasty. 2.According to the article, Dujiangyan differs from modern dams because it ________. A. has no walls B. is made up of three parts C. supports six million people D. can irrigate farmland as well as control flooding 3.What problems did Dujiangyan solve in ancient Sichuan? ① Floods in summer. ② Too much rainfall. ③ Droughts in winter. ④ Frequent earthquakes. A. ①② B. ③④ C. ①③ D. ②④ 4.Which part in the picture is the “Bottle Neck Channel”? A. Part 1. B. Part 2. C. Part 3. D. Part 4. 5.Which of the following statements is true based on the passage? A. Dujiangyan was built to generate electricity. B. Dujiangyan only irrigates farmland in Sichuan today. C. UNESCO praised Dujiangyan for its ancient engineering wisdom. D. The “Flying Sand Fence” speeds up water flow to prevent sediment buildup. 6.What is the best title for this passage? A. “How to Build a Dam.” B. “Li Bing: A Famous Governor.” C. “The History of Sichuan’s Floods.” D. “Dujiangyan: An Ancient Solution to Modern Problems.” Passage 2 （25-26八上·上海黄浦·期中）Ever feel lost with numbers? The right graph can help! It makes data clear. Let’s look at the four most common graph types: Pie Chart It’s good for showing a certain part of a whole and the proportion (比例) of each part. A pie chart enables you to plan your pocket money wisely: for snacks, books, and savings. Line Graph An excellent choice if you want to describe how something changes over time. It is also good for showing big differences. Many teachers prefer using a line graph to track students’ grades. Colorful Bar Graph A colorful bar graph can also show changes over time. However, it’s more direct to make comparisons between two or more things. That’s why we can use it to compare the popularity of different school clubs among your classmates. Venn Diagram A Venn Diagram features two overlapping circles. It’s perfect for sorting information. You can use a Venn Diagram to sort plants, for example. Plants with green leaves go on the left. Plants with flowers go on the right. Plants with both go in the middle where the circles overlap. Venn Diagram 1.Where can we probably find the passage? A. In a historical novel. B. In a maths textbook. C. In a sports newspaper. D. In a tour guide. 2.If you want to show how something changes over time and big differences, which graph would be a good choice? A. Pie chart B. Colorful Bar Graph C. Line Graph D. Venn Diagram 3.The underlined phrase overlapping circles means a circle ______. A. that covers part of another circle B. that is inside another circle C. that is far away from another circle D. that is drawn under another circle 4.If you want to show how different activities, such as sleeping, studying, fun, and sports, make up the 24 hours in your day, which graph is the best choice? A. Pie Chart B. Line Graph C. Colorful Bar Graph D. Venn Diagram 5.What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To tell people about the use of data. B. To introduce some helpful data display methods. C. To show how Venn Diagrams are different from other ways. D. To help people create a project. Passage 3 （25-26八上·上海交大附中·期中）Choose the best answer. （根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案） Have you ever talked to a smartphone or something that helps to find information or complete tasks just like 360 Engine or Baidu? Well, the ChatGPT is a kind of thing like that, but it’s even smarter. ChatGPT is a cool computer program that can answer questions and can have conversations with you. It can understand what you are saying and can respond (反应) in a way. It was released (发布) by OpenAI in November 2022. They used a lot of information from books, websites and even movies to teach ChatGPT to talk to people. Now the ChatGPT is ready to talk to you. You can ask it anything you want to know like “what’s the capital of France” or “what’s the biggest animal in the world”. But ChatGPT is more than just a searching machine. It can also have real conversations with you. You can ask it how it’s feeling or tell it a joke. ▲ ChatGPT is not just a fun program to talk to but also a great tool to help you learn new things. Every time you ask the ChatGPT a question, you are expanding your knowledge. Maybe you will discover a new hobby or find an answer to a question that has been bothering you for a while. But most importantly, using ChatGPT can be a lot of fun. It’s also like a knowledgeable teacher who can chat with you and answer all kinds of questions. But ChatGPT isn’t perfect. It cannot take the place of face-to-face communication. Some people even use it to cheat, so we should use it correctly. 1.The writer introduces the topic of ChatGPT by ________. A. listing facts B. giving examples C. asking questions D. showing differences 2.Which of the following is the best for “ ▲ ”? A. It is quite a natural speaking machine. B. It can make you laugh when you are sad. C. You can learn something new with ChatGPT. D. It makes a breakthrough in translation. 3.The underlined word “expanding” in Paragraph 4 means “________” A. adding B. sharing C. breaking D. deciding 4.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. ChatGPT was released by Open AI in December 2022. B. ChatGPT is just a searching machine. C. ChatGPT is of great use and can do many things. D. ChatGPT took the place of face-to-face communication. 5.The structure (结构) of this passage is ________. (①=Paragraph 1) A. B. C. D. 6.The best title for the passage should be ________. A. How to Use ChatGPT to Cheat in Studies B. ChatGPT: A Smart Tool for Conversation and Learning C. The History of OpenAI and Its Inventions D. Why Can’t AI Take the Place of Face-to-Face Communication Passage 4 （25-26八上·上海交大附中·期中）Choose the best answer. (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案) Home Lab                                                                                                       You’ll need: Let’s make your own barometer (气压计). Then you can measure (测量) air pressure at home and predict the weather yourself! Scissor off 1/3 of the balloon’s bottom. Spread the left part. Pull it tight over the jar top. Press the balloon to make it smooth and tie it with a rubber band. Cut one straw-end at 45° for a sharp point. Tape the straw’s other end to the balloon’s center. Ensure it points straight—it’s your “pointer”! Put an A4 paper in front of the straw’s sharp end. Mark the straw-pointing spot with a pencil. Use a ruler to make 4 lines each above and below this spot, 0.5 cm apart. Draw a sun next to the top mark, a cloud with raindrops next to the bottom mark. Place the whole device in a corner where it won’t be disturbed (打扰). Check straw position daily at set times, record where it points. If the straw points to the top mark, the weather will probably be dry and sunny. If it points to the bottom mark, it may rain. If it’s in the middle, the weather will likely stay the same. How it works: Warm air rising causes low pressure (common in rainy weather), and inside air pushes the balloon lid (盖子) out, and then, the moving straw pointer goes down. Sunny days opposite. 1.Among all the following objects, which are needed in Step 1? A. B. C. D. 2.The straw is used to ________. A. fix the rubber band B. draw the pictures C. point at the lines D. make the balloon smooth 3.According to the underlined part in Step 3, which picture is correct? A. B. C. D. 4.How does the barometer work on sunny days? A. Low pressure outside →Balloon lid out →Pointer up B. Low pressure outside →Balloon lid in →Pointer down C. High pressure outside →Balloon lid out →Pointer down D. High pressure outside → Balloon lid in→Pointer up 5.We can read this passage in the ________ section of a magazine? A. science B. space C. sports D. news 主题语境03 人与自我-健康 （25-26八上·上海徐汇联考·期中）Choose the best answer (根据以下内容，选出最恰当的答案) Nov 5, 2025       Home       Products       Blog       FAQ        You’ve probably heard this advice: drink eight glasses of water every day. Well, I’m sorry to say it’s not true. This idea won’t make your skin look bright, help you think better, or give you more energy. There’s a lot of wrong information about this. It’s surprising how many people believe it—you hear it on TV and read it in articles. But it’s not correct. Most of the time, your body will tell you when you need water. Why? Because you have great kidneys (肾) that don’t get enough praise. Kidneys are two organs in your body. Their job is to clean your blood and remove waste. Every day, all the blood in your body flows through your kidneys. Many things influence your body, such as what you eat and drink, the outside temperature, and how much you exercise. If the amount of any substance in your body becomes too high or too low, it can be harmful to you. Luckily, kidneys work hard to keep these substances balanced. So, if you don’t need eight glasses a day, how much water should you drink? The answer is simple: there’s no fixed number. Just drink when you feel thirsty. You can trust your body. Unless you have kidney stones or you’re an old person, you don’t need to check how much water you drink all the time. Here’s something people often forget: almost everything you eat or drink has water. Your morning coffee has water, and your breakfast does too. Snacks like apples, oranges, or a glass of juice are also full of water. So, as long as you pay attention to your thirst, you don’t have to count those eight glasses at all! 1.We can find this article in the ______ section of a newspaper. A. sports B. fashion C. travel D. health 2.Drinking eight glasses of water a day can ______ to your body. A. ease your thirst B. make your skin bright C. make you feel clear-headed D. make you feel more energetic 3.What is NOT the function of the kidneys? A. Removing wastes from the body. B. Cleaning your blood. C. Keeping the substances in balance. D. Making you feel thirsty. 4.Something people often forget is that ______. A. caring about how much water to drink is necessary B. almost everything you eat or drink contains water C. the snack contains no water D. you should not listen to your body’s sense of thirst 5.What’s the best title of the article? A. Drinking as much water as possible B. Drinking water is of great importance C. Why should we drink enough water? D. Is drinking eight glasses of water a day necessary? 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26八上·上海徐汇南模中学·期中）A water footprint is the total amount of water used to make the things we use every day. This includes the water for growing food, producing clothes and generating (产生) electricity. Everything we use “drinks” some water before it reaches us. It’s important to understand our water footprint because water is a very precious resource—one we must use wisely. There are three main types of water footprints: green, blue, and grey. The green water footprint refers to the rainwater used to grow crops. For example, wheat and rice depend on rainwater to grow. The blue water footprint is the fresh water taken from rivers, lakes or underground sources for production. This includes the water used in factories or to irrigate (灌溉) crops. The grey water footprint is the water needed to clean up pollution. When factories release waste, it often takes a lot of water to clean up the mess. To see how much water we actually use, let’s look at some examples. Producing just one kilogram of beef takes about 15,000 liters of water. This water is used to grow food for the cows and to keep them healthy. By comparison, producing one kilogram of rice requires about 2,500 liters of water. This shows that different foods and products need different amounts of water. We can reduce our water footprint by saving water in our daily lives. Simple actions like turning off the tap while brushing your teeth, using less water when washing dishes and fixing leaks can all go a long way. Eating less meat can also help because producing meat uses a lot of water. Another smart move is to choose products that use less water to make. By understanding our water footprint and making thoughtful choices, we can help protect this important resource for the future. 1.By writing this article, the author mainly wanted to ________. A. show people how to reduce water pollution B. discuss the importance of saving water in daily life C. explain the idea of water footprint and how to reduce it D. compare the amount of water used in different products 2.The “grey water footprint” is the water used for ________. A. growing crops B. drinking and cooking C. cleaning up pollution D. washing clothes at home 3.How much water is needed to produce one kilogram of beef? A. 2,500 liters. B. 15,000 liters. C. 5,000 liters. D. 1,000 liters. 4.The examples of beef and rice are given to show that ________. A. people should stop eating beef B. beef is more delicious than rice C. farming cows is easier than growing rice D. different products need different amounts of water 5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to reduce our water footprint? A. Fixing leaks. B. Eating less meat. C. Taking shorter showers. D. Turning off the tap while brushing teeth. 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·上海普陀·期中）Independent thinker or follower? The Internet lets everyone share their ideas and seems to create a more open and colourful world. However, have you ever felt like you’re in your own small world where the Internet only shows you things that you already like and agree with? This small world is called an “information cocoon (茧房)”. Imagine a safe and comfortable little house that only lets in the sounds and ideas you like. It keeps you feeling good, but it also stops you from seeing the bigger world outside. Social research in 2023 asked over 1,500 people about how they got information online. The results are shown below. Survey 1: Do you believe that you are in an information cocoon? Survey 2: Do you actively search for information? The results make us think: Do we control what we see, or does the Internet control us? This question actually is not something new, but it’s happening a lot more now. Why does this happen? It’s because of algorithms (算法). Algorithms are computer programs used by apps and websites. They watch what you click on and what you like. Then, they decide what to show you next. If you like basketball, they will show you more basketball videos. If you believe something, they will show you more information that supports that belief. Staying in an information cocoon makes us feel good. However, this can make our opinions and thinking very rigid and make it hard for us to understand people who think differently. So, how can we avoid this? One helpful tip is to challenge ourselves by looking for information from different sources. Also, ask questions about where the information you’ve found comes from, and always ________. 1.What is an “information cocoon”? A. An open and colourful world. B. A world with only your favorite ideas. C. A safe and comfortable little house. D. A dangerous place online. 2.According to Survey 2, which of the following is RIGHT? A. Most people enjoy looking for new information often. B. More than one third of the people often search for information actively. C. About one fifth of the people almost never look for information. D. More than half of the people don’t often look for information actively. 3.Why does the writer show these two surveys together? A. To show different hobbies. B. To show a common daily habit. C. To show a knowing-but-not-doing situation. D. To explain the importance of algorithms. 4.The underlined word “rigid” means “________”. A. very clear and quick B. full of great ideas C. not able to change easily D. not very strong 5.What tip can be put in the blank of the last paragraph? A. keep an open mind B. trust your first feeling C. focus on your favourite topics D. remember your past choices Passage 2 （25-26八上·上海建平实验中学·期中）Drones (无人机): Useful Helpers in Our Daily Lives In recent years, drones have become more and more popular. These small flying machines, which can be controlled by remote devices, are no longer just toys for hobbyists. They are now playing important roles in many parts of our daily lives, making our work easier and life more convenient. One of the most common uses of drones is in delivery services. Big companies like Amazon have tested drone delivery for a long time. Instead of sending delivery workers by bike or car, drones can carry small packages (such as books, snacks, and even medicine) to people’s homes quickly. This is especially helpful in areas with heavy traffic, as drones can fly over cars and reach the destination in less time. Drones also bring great benefits to agriculture. Farmers use drones to check their crops. Equipped with special cameras, drones can fly over large fields and take clear pictures. Farmers can then look at these pictures to see if their crops are healthy, if they need more water, or if there are pests. This helps farmers save a lot of time and energy compared to walking around the fields by themselves. Besides, drones are useful in search and rescue work. When someone gets lost in the mountains or a forest, rescuers can use drones to look for them. Drones can cover large areas quickly and send real-time videos back to rescuers. This makes it much easier for rescuers to find the lost person, especially in dangerous or hard-to-reach places. However, using drones also has some rules. For example, drones cannot fly near airports (because they may disturb planes) and must not be used to take photos of other people’s houses without permission. Following these rules helps keep everyone safe and protects people’s privacy. With their many useful functions, drones are sure to become even more important in our daily lives in the future. 1.What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell readers how to make a drone. B. To introduce the uses of drones in daily life. C. To explain why drones are expensive. D. To describe the history of drones. 2.Which of the following is NOT a use of drones mentioned in the passage? A. Delivering small packages. B. Helping farmers check crops. C. Teaching students in class. D. Assisting in search and rescue work. 3.Why is drone delivery helpful in areas with heavy traffic? A. Drones are cheaper than delivery cars. B. Drones can fly over cars and save time. C. Drones can carry very large packages. D. Drones don’t need any power to fly. 4.What does the underlined word “pests” mean in Chinese? A. 杂草 B. 害虫 C. 农具 D. 肥料 5.What can we learn from the passage? A. Drones can be used freely anywhere. B. Drones are only used by big companies now. C. Drones will be more useful in the future. D. Drones can replace farmers to grow crops. Passage 3 （25-26八上·上海世外中学·期中） Curiosity: A Lifelong Gift Curiosity is an inborn ability that stays with us throughout life. Let’s see how it shows at different stages. Babies When babies see new or unfamiliar things, their eyes light up. They stare, reach out, and try to understand these unknown objects — maybe a colorful rattle (拨浪鼓), a moving curtain, or even their own dry hands. They wave their fingers, grab at toys, and laugh happily as they connect “this thing” to“ that feeling.” It’s their first step to explore the world, one small discovery at a time. Preschoolers Preschool kids are little explorers with boundless energy. They spend ages playing with toys, taking them apart (if allowed) and putting them back together— whether it’s a building block tower, a plastic car, or a stuffed animal with removable parts. They might ask, “What’s inside?” as they pry open (弄明白) a puzzle, or giggle while mixing mud and water to see “what happens.” Every toy, every puddle, every bug under a rock is a mystery waiting to be solved. School Children At school, curiosity drives kids to ask endless questions. “Why is the sky blue?” “How do birds fly?” “Do fish sleep?” These questions aren’t annoying — they’re signs of a hungry mind eager to learn. They lean forward in class when the teacher talks about dinosaurs, rush to the library to check out books on space, and even argue playfully with friends over “the right answer”— all because they can’t wait to know more. Grown- ups Even as adults, we stay curious. We read books to learn new ideas, whether it’s a novel set in a foreign land or a guide to growing houseplants. We travel to discover new cultures — tasting street food in a bustling market, learning a few words of a local language, or marveling at ancient temples. We try new hobbies too: baking sourdough (发酸面团) bread to see how yeast works, picking up a guitar to learn a favorite song, or gardening to watch seeds turn into flowers. Curiosity never fades; it just takes new forms. So, never lose your curiosity. It’s the key to a life full of learning and wonder. 1.What do babies do when they meet with something new, according to the passage? A. They ask simple questions like “What’s this?”. B. They try to grab, stare, and feel the unknown object. C. They share it with other babies around them. D. They wait for adults to explain it to them. 2.Why do preschoolers spend a lot of time with toys? A. They want to show off their toys to friends. B. They need to practice hand skills by playing. C. They are trying to figure out how toys work. D. They are told to do so by their parents. 3.What does the underlined words “boundless energy” probably mean in the passage? A. Very little energy B. Energy only for playing C. Energy that is easily lost D. Energy that never runs out 4.Which of the following shows that curiosity “takes new forms” in adults as mentioned in the passage? A. A mother watching her baby reach for a rattle, smiling at his curiosity. B. A father helping his preschooler take apart a toy to see how it works. C. A teacher reading a book about ancient civilizations to learn new stories. D. A neighbor chatting with others about the weather, just to pass time. 5.What is the main-idea of the passage? A. Curiosity changes its forms as people grow older. B. Curiosity is a lifelong ability that enriches every stage of life. C. Different age groups have different ways to explore the world. D. Adults should learn from children to keep their curiosity alive. 主题语境02 人与自然-动物与植物 Growing Mint (薄荷) Mint is a useful plant. You can see it in various dishes. Mint can bring us many health benefits (益处). It can also help us relax. Don’t believe it? Just smell the plant when you feel tired. Now, if you love mint, you don’t have to buy it at the market. The plant is very easy to grow. You can plant it all year round, and it can grow well both indoors and outdoors. What you need ★ a flowerpot (with holes on the bottom) ★ some soil ★ mint seeds or mint plants ★ a fork ★ a plant saucer (盆托) Steps {1} Prepare your pot. Fill your flower pot with soil. Fill soil to a depth of about 25 centimeters. Use a garden fork to loosen (松动) the soil. {2} Plant your mint. Plant your mint seeds 40 centimetres apart from each other. If your pot is small, use just one plant or seed. {3} Where to put your plant? Mint loves sunlight, but it also likes a bit of shade (阴凉). Put your plant in a place where it can get both sunlight and shade. {4} Water your mint. Mint prefers wet soil. Keep the soil well watered, but don’t overdo it. Don’t forget to put a plant saucer under your pot. {5} Time to harvest! Mint grows fast. After your plant grows up, you can pick its leaves at any time. To make things more fun, why not ask each of your classmates to grow some mint? Let’s see whose mint grows the fastest! 1.This article mainly teaches people how to ________. A. plant flowers B. grow mint C. use mint to relax D. use mint in cooking 2.We need all of the following tools or materials when we grow mint except ________. A. a garden fork B. soil C. a plant saucer D. scissors 3.According to the article, what should we use to loosen the soil? A. Chopsticks. B. A garden fork. C. A plant saucer. D. Some mint leaves. 4.Which of the following pictures shows the correct way of growing mint? A. B. C. D. 5.Which of the following statements is true according to the article? A. You can only grow mint indoors. B. Mint grows the fastest in summer. C. Mint should be watered once a month. D. Mint can be grown at any time of year. 6.We can make mint-planting more fun by ________. A. growing mint in water B. placing a plant saucer under the pot C. picking the leaves of our mint every day D. inviting others to join us in growing mint / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $