Unit 3 Great Ideas 基础训练（单词、短语、句子、语法、写作）2026-2027学年九年级英语上册单元核心知识精讲精练（新教材仁爱科普版）

**基本信息** 以“Great Ideas”主题为核心，构建“词汇积累-语法应用-语篇输出”渐进式训练体系，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇训练|35题（汉译英/首字母/词形转换）|聚焦发明相关核心词汇（inventor/compass等）|从拼写到词性转换，构建主题词汇网络| |语法训练|15题（被动语态单选/填空）|考查be made of/from/in等结构|从单句到语篇，强化语法规则在语境中的应用| |语篇应用|3篇（语法填空/选词填空/阅读表达）|围绕发明史（指南针/红绿灯）设计语篇|以真实语境串联词汇、语法，提升思维品质| |写作|1篇（My Favorite Invention）|应用文写作，要求描述发明影响|整合语言知识，培养表达与创新能力|

Unit 3 Great Ideas 基础训练（单词、短语、句子、语法、写作） 一、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.It is raining outside. Please put on your ________ (雨衣). 2.The old house has a ________ (木制的) door. 3.He is a great ________ (发明家) who created many useful things. 4.The ________ (电灯泡) in the room doesn’t work. 5.This is one of the greatest ________ (发现) in history. 6.The ancient Chinese invented ________ (火药) thousands of years ago. 7.________ (印刷术) changed the way people spread knowledge. 8.The ________ (指南针) can help sailors find the right direction. 9.The ________ (水手) sailed across the big ocean. 10.You must read the ________ (用法说明) before you use the machine. 11.I want to buy a ________ (邮票) to send the letter. 12.The ________ (轮子) is one of the most important inventions. 13.She likes wearing blue ________ (牛仔裤). 14.He is an ________ (富于想象力的) boy full of new ideas. 15.She won the first ________ (奖品) in the competition. 二、首字母填空 1.Please l______ the door when you leave the room. 2.My father is a football l______. He watches every match. 3.C______, he will finish the work on time. 4.The magnet has m______ power. It can pull iron things. 5.The n______ is very small and it can sew clothes. 6.Many people lost their lives in the w______. 7.This is a m______ box. You can move it everywhere. 8.The medicine is a kind of d______. Don’t take too much. 9.Reading can b______ our horizons and make us know more. 10.This sweater is made of w______ material. It is warm. 11.The knife is very s______. Be careful not to cut your hand. 12.Please show me your p______ before you go abroad. 13.The b______ is flying high in the sky. 14.Don’t d______. Focus on your real work. 15.M______, it is cheap and easy to use. 三、用所给词的正确形式填空（20题） 1.The ________ (invent) made a new kind of lamp. 2.He is a big ________ (love) of classical music. 3.This is an important ________ (discover) in science. 4.The ________ (print) of books became popular after the invention. 5.The ________ (sail) spent months on the sea. 6.The ________ (magnet) force can attract metal. 7.The ________ (move) desk is easy to carry. 8.We should ________ (broad) our horizons by travelling. 9.The ________ (wool) coat keeps me warm in winter. 10.The ________ (print) machine works well. 11.I ________ (wake) up at six o’clock yesterday morning. 12.He stayed ________ (wake) all night because of the bad news. 13.The ________ (Egypt) built many great pyramids. 14.We will do a ________ (test) on this new machine tomorrow. 15.He ________ (print) the paper just now. 16.The ________ (balloon) rose slowly into the sky. 17.The ________ (wheel) of the bike is broken. 18.The ________ (imagine) kid always has wonderful ideas. 19.He often ________ (daydream) in class. 20.The ________ (nail) is used to fix the wood together. 四．用所给的短语填空 be made of, be made from, be made in, be used for doing sth., search for information, solve the problem, depend on, spread knowledge, put into use, come up with 1.The table ____________ wood. We can see the wood clearly. 2.This kind of paper ____________ bamboo. We can’t see bamboo directly. 3.This new model car ____________ China. 4.The tool ____________ cutting hard things. 5.Students often ____________ on the Internet when they do homework. 6.You should try your best ____________. Don’t give up. 7.We can’t always ____________ our parents for help. 8.Good books help ____________ around the world. 9.The new teaching system ____________ last term. 10.The engineer ____________ a good plan at the meeting yesterday. 五、完成句子 1.他喜欢骑马。He likes riding ________ ________. 2.这个锁是金属做的。The ________ is made of metal. 3.造纸术是中国的伟大发明。‑ is a great Chinese invention. 4.他在社会上拥有很高的地位。He has a high ________ in society. 5.捕鱼是他爷爷的工作。________ is my grandpa’s job. 6.这张网用来捕鱼。The ________ is used for catching fish. 7.磁盘可以储存很多信息。The ________ can store lots of information. 8.飞机飞得很高。The ________ flies very high. 9.这个灯坏了。The ________ is broken. 10.此外，这个方法很简单。________, this way is very simple. 11.钉子可以把木板固定住。The ________ can hold the wood together. 12.毫无疑问，他是对的。________, he is right. 13.战争带来很多痛苦。The ________ brings much pain. 14.药物可以帮助病人。The ________ can help sick people. 15.锋利的剪刀很危险。The ________ scissors are dangerous. 16.这双鞋穿破了。These shoes have ________ ________. 17.中国四大发明加速了社会的发展。 The four great inventions of ancient China ________ ________ ________ the development of society. 18.这家公司在这个领域处于领先地位。 This company ________ ________ ________ ________ in this field. 19.这种危险行为会危及你的生命。This dangerous action may ________ ________ ________. 20.这项发明是由一位普通人发明的。This invention ________ ________ ________ a common person. 21.这个新设备已经投入使用。The new equipment has been ________ ________ ________. 22.你可以分享你的梦想发明。You can ________ ________ ________ ________. 23.我们应该从需求出发。We should ________ ________ ________ ________. 24.他想出了一个创造性的努力的好主意。He ________ ________ ________ a good idea of creative efforts. 25.手机比过去方便得多。Mobile phones are ________ ________ ________ than in the past. 六．语法训练 A.单项选择 1. Many useful things ________ by great inventors in history. A. invented B. were invented C. are invented D. invent 2. This kind of paper ________ from bamboo. A. is made B. was made C. makes D. made 3. The new machine ________ into use last month. A. is put B. was put C. puts D. put 4. The books ________ for spreading knowledge in our school every year. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 5. The big bridge ________ by workers two years ago. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 6.The paper ________ (make) in China long ago. 7.This old lamp ________ (invent) by a scientist many years ago. 8.These wooden boards ________ (use) for building houses every day. 9.The great discovery ________ (make) in 2020. 10.The new tool ________ (put) into use last term. 七．语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在空格内填入一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Compass in a School Museum A small compass is displayed in our school museum. It does not look special, but it tells an important story about direction and travel. Long ago, travelers often depended 1 the sun, stars and familiar landforms. These methods were less useful in cloudy weather. Early magnetic tools 2 (develop) in China. A magnetized needle could turn freely and point in a steady direction. Later, the needle was placed above a marked 3 (circle) disk. The design made it easier for users to read directions. Compasses were widely used by 4 (sail) and helped ships travel farther from the coast. Knowledge of the tool also moved across countries through trade and communication. As a result, sea travel became 5 (safe) and more reliable. The compass in our museum was not found on an ancient ship. It 6 (make) by students twenty years ago for a science project. The model is simple, 7 it still works. This year, it was cleaned and 8 (place) in a new glass case. A digital screen beside it shows how a magnetic needle responds 9 different directions. The display reminds us that a small invention can broaden human experience. It also shows why old models should be protected: they help new students understand how ideas have been tested and 10 (improve) over time. 八．选词填空 lifts   only   boil   society   for   though   daily   said   sour   purpose   tiny   energy Have you ever heard of the Luban Pillow (鲁班枕)? It is 1 that it was invented by Lu Ban over 2,000 years ago. It is made out of a piece of wood without the use of nails (钉子). It’s difficult to make the Luban Pillow, 2 it may seem simple. First of all, craftsmen (工匠) have to choose proper material. Aged wood is their first choice. If the wood is new, they will 3 it in salt water for 72 hours and then leave it to dry naturally. After that, they draw lines on the wood and then go through several other important steps. If any part goes wrong, the whole piece of wood is wasted. Traditionally, the Luban Pillow was mainly used 4 sleeping and sitting. With the development of 5 , it can’t meet modern people’s needs. Therefore, Qiao Yibing, an excellent craftsman from Ji’nan, Shandong Province, puts most of his 6 into making creative changes. He has created many novel objects using the structure (结构) of the Luban Pillow. The objects include chairs, desks and sofas we can use in our 7 lives. Years ago, to show his great skill, he made a 8 Luban Pillow. It was 9 5cm long, 1.5cm wide and 0.5cm thick. Qiao also takes part in different cultural activities and gets in touch with universities in Shandong. His 10 is to let more young people know about the Luban Pillow. 九．阅读表达 The history of traffic lights dates back to the early 19th century in Britain. London was a busy city with horse-drawn carriages (马车). They often rushed into people, causing many accidents. At the same time, there was a fashion rule in London—women in red showed that they were married and green for unmarried. This gave people the idea for using red and green as traffic signs later. On December 10th, 1868, British mechanic (机械师) De Hart designed the world’s first traffic light with only red and green. A policeman had to pull a belt to change the lights: red meant “stop”, and green meant “go”. At first, it worked well and reduced accidents. However, this traffic light exploded (爆炸) after 23 days. The light was turned off, but the idea stayed alive. In 1914, electric traffic lights were first used in America. Red and green still did their jobs, and they were safer and easier to see. In 1927, a Chinese student named Hu Ruding was studying in the US. He noticed drivers sometimes rushed when the light changed. “What if there’s a middle color to slow people down?” he thought. That’s how the yellow light was born, meaning “get ready to stop”. Around the same time, an American policeman named William Potts created the first three-color traffic lights for all directions. They made crossroads much safer. These colors were not chosen by chance. Red is easy to see, like a fire alarm, so it means “Danger—stop!”. Yellow is a warning, like a sign that says “Be careful—slow down!”. Green, like a forest, tells us “Safe to go!”. Together, they form a common language that keeps us safe every day. Great ideas come from everyday things. Whether traffic lights or something else, noticing and thinking “what if” can change the world! 根据语篇内容，按要求回答问题。 1．When did the world’s first traffic light with only red and green appear? 2．In which country were electric traffic lights first used? 3．Who suggested adding a yellow light to traffic signs? 4．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 5? 5．If you can add a new color or use other things like sounds and shapes to make traffic safer, what will you choose and why? (不超过15词) 十．写作 从古至今，社会进步离不开发明创造，不同的发明给我们的生活带来了不同的影响。请以“My Favorite Invention”为题用英语写一篇发言稿，谈谈你最喜欢的发明。 写作要求： 1）90词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2）文中不得出现真实的人名和校名。 My Favorite Invention I am very happy to be here to make a speech today. The topic of my speech is “My Favorite Invention”. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Great Ideas 基础训练（单词、短语、句子、语法、写作） 一、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.It is raining outside. Please put on your ________ (雨衣). 2.The old house has a ________ (木制的) door. 3.He is a great ________ (发明家) who created many useful things. 4.The ________ (电灯泡) in the room doesn’t work. 5.This is one of the greatest ________ (发现) in history. 6.The ancient Chinese invented ________ (火药) thousands of years ago. 7.________ (印刷术) changed the way people spread knowledge. 8.The ________ (指南针) can help sailors find the right direction. 9.The ________ (水手) sailed across the big ocean. 10.You must read the ________ (用法说明) before you use the machine. 11.I want to buy a ________ (邮票) to send the letter. 12.The ________ (轮子) is one of the most important inventions. 13.She likes wearing blue ________ (牛仔裤). 14.He is an ________ (富于想象力的) boy full of new ideas. 15.She won the first ________ (奖品) in the competition. 【答案】1.raincoat 2.wooden 3.inventor 4.bulb 5.discoveries 6.gunpowder 7.Printing 8.compass 9.sailor 10.instructions 11.stamp 12.wheel 13.jeans 14.imaginative 15.prize 二、首字母填空 1.Please l______ the door when you leave the room. 2.My father is a football l______. He watches every match. 3.C______, he will finish the work on time. 4.The magnet has m______ power. It can pull iron things. 5.The n______ is very small and it can sew clothes. 6.Many people lost their lives in the w______. 7.This is a m______ box. You can move it everywhere. 8.The medicine is a kind of d______. Don’t take too much. 9.Reading can b______ our horizons and make us know more. 10.This sweater is made of w______ material. It is warm. 11.The knife is very s______. Be careful not to cut your hand. 12.Please show me your p______ before you go abroad. 13.The b______ is flying high in the sky. 14.Don’t d______. Focus on your real work. 15.M______, it is cheap and easy to use. 【答案】1.lock 2.lover 3.Certainly 4.magnetic 5.needle 6.war 7.movable 8.drug 9.broaden 10.woollen 11.sharp 12.passport 13.balloon 14.daydream 15.Moreover 三、用所给词的正确形式填空（20题） 1.The ________ (invent) made a new kind of lamp. 2.He is a big ________ (love) of classical music. 3.This is an important ________ (discover) in science. 4.The ________ (print) of books became popular after the invention. 5.The ________ (sail) spent months on the sea. 6.The ________ (magnet) force can attract metal. 7.The ________ (move) desk is easy to carry. 8.We should ________ (broad) our horizons by travelling. 9.The ________ (wool) coat keeps me warm in winter. 10.The ________ (print) machine works well. 11.I ________ (wake) up at six o’clock yesterday morning. 12.He stayed ________ (wake) all night because of the bad news. 13.The ________ (Egypt) built many great pyramids. 14.We will do a ________ (test) on this new machine tomorrow. 15.He ________ (print) the paper just now. 16.The ________ (balloon) rose slowly into the sky. 17.The ________ (wheel) of the bike is broken. 18.The ________ (imagine) kid always has wonderful ideas. 19.He often ________ (daydream) in class. 20.The ________ (nail) is used to fix the wood together. 【答案】1.inventor 2.lover 3.discovery 4.printing 5.sailor 6.magnetic 7.movable 8.broaden 9.woollen 10.printing 11.woke 12.awake 13.Egyptians 14.test 15.printed 16.balloon 17.wheel 18.imaginative 19.daydreams 20.nail 四．用所给的短语填空 be made of, be made from, be made in, be used for doing sth., search for information, solve the problem, depend on, spread knowledge, put into use, come up with 1.The table ____________ wood. We can see the wood clearly. 2.This kind of paper ____________ bamboo. We can’t see bamboo directly. 3.This new model car ____________ China. 4.The tool ____________ cutting hard things. 5.Students often ____________ on the Internet when they do homework. 6.You should try your best ____________. Don’t give up. 7.We can’t always ____________ our parents for help. 8.Good books help ____________ around the world. 9.The new teaching system ____________ last term. 10.The engineer ____________ a good plan at the meeting yesterday. 【答案】1.is made of 2.is made from 3.is made in 4.is used for cutting 5.search for information 6.to solve the problem 7.depend on 8.(to) spread knowledge 9.was put into use 10.came up with 五、完成句子 1.他喜欢骑马。He likes riding ________ ________. 2.这个锁是金属做的。The ________ is made of metal. 3.造纸术是中国的伟大发明。‑ is a great Chinese invention. 4.他在社会上拥有很高的地位。He has a high ________ in society. 5.捕鱼是他爷爷的工作。________ is my grandpa’s job. 6.这张网用来捕鱼。The ________ is used for catching fish. 7.磁盘可以储存很多信息。The ________ can store lots of information. 8.飞机飞得很高。The ________ flies very high. 9.这个灯坏了。The ________ is broken. 10.此外，这个方法很简单。________, this way is very simple. 11.钉子可以把木板固定住。The ________ can hold the wood together. 12.毫无疑问，他是对的。________, he is right. 13.战争带来很多痛苦。The ________ brings much pain. 14.药物可以帮助病人。The ________ can help sick people. 15.锋利的剪刀很危险。The ________ scissors are dangerous. 16.这双鞋穿破了。These shoes have ________ ________. 17.中国四大发明加速了社会的发展。 The four great inventions of ancient China ________ ________ ________ the development of society. 18.这家公司在这个领域处于领先地位。 This company ________ ________ ________ ________ in this field. 19.这种危险行为会危及你的生命。This dangerous action may ________ ________ ________. 20.这项发明是由一位普通人发明的。This invention ________ ________ ________ a common person. 21.这个新设备已经投入使用。The new equipment has been ________ ________ ________. 22.你可以分享你的梦想发明。You can ________ ________ ________ ________. 23.我们应该从需求出发。We should ________ ________ ________ ________. 24.他想出了一个创造性的努力的好主意。He ________ ________ ________ a good idea of creative efforts. 25.手机比过去方便得多。Mobile phones are ________ ________ ________ than in the past. 【答案】1.on; horseback 2.lock 3.Paper-making 4.position 5.Fishing 6.net 7.disk 8.airplane 9.lamp 10.Moreover 11.nail 12.Certainly 13.war 14.drug 15.sharp 16.worn out 17.speed up 18.holds a leading position 19.endanger your life 20.was invented by 21.put into use 22.share your dream invention 23.start with a need 24.came up with 25.much more convenient 六．语法训练 A.单项选择 1. Many useful things ________ by great inventors in history. A. invented B. were invented C. are invented D. invent 2. This kind of paper ________ from bamboo. A. is made B. was made C. makes D. made 3. The new machine ________ into use last month. A. is put B. was put C. puts D. put 4. The books ________ for spreading knowledge in our school every year. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 5. The big bridge ________ by workers two years ago. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds 1.【答案】B 【解析】in history 在历史上，一般过去时被动；things复数，用were invented。 2.【答案】A 【解析】陈述客观事实，一般现在时被动；paper不可数名词，用is made。 3.【答案】B 【解析】last month上个月，一般过去时被动；machine单数，was put。 4.【答案】C 【解析】every year每年，一般现在时被动；books复数，are used。 5.【答案】B 【解析】two years ago两年前，一般过去时被动；bridge单数，was built。 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 6.The paper ________ (make) in China long ago. 7.This old lamp ________ (invent) by a scientist many years ago. 8.These wooden boards ________ (use) for building houses every day. 9.The great discovery ________ (make) in 2020. 10.The new tool ________ (put) into use last term. 【答案】6.was made 7.was invented 8.are used 9.was made 10.was put 七．语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在空格内填入一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Compass in a School Museum A small compass is displayed in our school museum. It does not look special, but it tells an important story about direction and travel. Long ago, travelers often depended 1 the sun, stars and familiar landforms. These methods were less useful in cloudy weather. Early magnetic tools 2 (develop) in China. A magnetized needle could turn freely and point in a steady direction. Later, the needle was placed above a marked 3 (circle) disk. The design made it easier for users to read directions. Compasses were widely used by 4 (sail) and helped ships travel farther from the coast. Knowledge of the tool also moved across countries through trade and communication. As a result, sea travel became 5 (safe) and more reliable. The compass in our museum was not found on an ancient ship. It 6 (make) by students twenty years ago for a science project. The model is simple, 7 it still works. This year, it was cleaned and 8 (place) in a new glass case. A digital screen beside it shows how a magnetic needle responds 9 different directions. The display reminds us that a small invention can broaden human experience. It also shows why old models should be protected: they help new students understand how ideas have been tested and 10 (improve) over time. 【答案】1．on 2．were developed 3．circular 4．sailors 5．safer 6．was made 7．but 8．placed 9．to 10．improved 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍学校博物馆里的指南针，讲述指南针的起源、发展、传播以及学校博物馆这件学生制作的指南针模型的意义。 【详解】1．句意：很久以前，旅行者常常依靠太阳、星星以及熟悉的地貌辨别方向。该处需一个介词，在句中和depended共同构成谓语部分；上下文提示句意与“依靠天体、地貌辨别方位”相关；固定搭配线索depend on意为“依靠、依赖”，故填on。 2．句意：早期磁性工具在中国被研制出来。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；主语和develop为被动关系，讲述过去史实，要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语tools是复数，故填were developed。 3．句意：后来，磁针被放置在带有刻度的圆形圆盘上方。该处需一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词disk；上下文提示句意描述圆盘的外形特征；circle为名词“圆圈”，修饰名词需要变为形容词，故填circular。 4．句意：指南针被水手广泛使用，帮助船只航行到离海岸更远的地方。该处需一个名词，在介词by后作宾语；上下文提示句意与“航海使用者”相关；sail为动词，此处需要表示人的名词，表一类人要用复数形式，故填sailors。 5．句意：因此，海上航行变得更加安全、更加可靠。该处需一个形容词，在句中作表语；上下文提示句意描述海上航行的变化；并列线索and后more reliable是比较级，前后形式保持一致，safe的比较级为safer，故填safer。 6．句意：它是二十年前学生为科学项目制作的。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；上下文提示句意讲述模型的制作来历；it指代指南针，和make是被动关系，twenty years ago为过去时间，单数主语，用一般过去时被动语态，故填was made。 7．句意：这个模型很简易，但是仍然可以正常工作。该处需一个并列连词，连接两个分句；上下文提示前后语义存在转折，故填but。 8．句意：今年，它被清理干净，放置在一个新的玻璃展柜中。该处需一个动词过去分词，和cleaned并列作谓语；上下文 提示句意讲展品被安置进展柜；and并列被动语态的两个过去分词，故填placed。 9．句意：它旁边的电子屏幕展示磁针如何对不同方向作出反应。该处需一个介词，和responds搭配；上下文提示句意讲磁针对方向产生反应；固定搭配respond to表示“对……作出反应”，故填to。 10．句意：它们帮助新一代学生理解想法是如何经过检验并随着时间被改良。该处需一个动词过去分词，和tested并列；上下文提示句意讲述想法被检验、改进；and并列两个过去分词，故填improved。 八．选词填空 lifts   only   boil   society   for   though   daily   said   sour   purpose   tiny   energy Have you ever heard of the Luban Pillow (鲁班枕)? It is 1 that it was invented by Lu Ban over 2,000 years ago. It is made out of a piece of wood without the use of nails (钉子). It’s difficult to make the Luban Pillow, 2 it may seem simple. First of all, craftsmen (工匠) have to choose proper material. Aged wood is their first choice. If the wood is new, they will 3 it in salt water for 72 hours and then leave it to dry naturally. After that, they draw lines on the wood and then go through several other important steps. If any part goes wrong, the whole piece of wood is wasted. Traditionally, the Luban Pillow was mainly used 4 sleeping and sitting. With the development of 5 , it can’t meet modern people’s needs. Therefore, Qiao Yibing, an excellent craftsman from Ji’nan, Shandong Province, puts most of his 6 into making creative changes. He has created many novel objects using the structure (结构) of the Luban Pillow. The objects include chairs, desks and sofas we can use in our 7 lives. Years ago, to show his great skill, he made a 8 Luban Pillow. It was 9 5cm long, 1.5cm wide and 0.5cm thick. Qiao also takes part in different cultural activities and gets in touch with universities in Shandong. His 10 is to let more young people know about the Luban Pillow. 【答案】1．said 2．though 3．boil 4．for 5．society 6．energy 7．daily 8．tiny 9．only 10．purpose 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鲁班枕的历史传说、制作工艺以及现代工匠乔一兵对其进行的创新和发展。 【详解】1．句意：据说它是2000多年前由鲁班发明的。空后“it was invented by Lu Ban over 2,000 years ago”是流传下来的说法，所以此处考查固定句型“It is said that...”，意为“据说……”，因此选用单词said。 2．句意：制作鲁班枕很难，尽管它看起来很简单。前半句“制作鲁班枕难度很高”和后半句“它看起来似乎没什么门槛”是让步转折关系，需要用引导让步状语从句的连词衔接，因此选用单词though。 3．句意：如果木头是新的，他们会在盐水中煮它72小时。分析句子结构，will后接动词原形；结合“...it in salt water for 72 hours and then leave it to dry naturally”及备选词，在盐水里进行的动作应是“煮”，boil符合语境。 4．句意：传统上，鲁班枕主要用于睡觉和坐着。空后是动名词，此处考查固定短语be used for doing sth.意为“被用来做某事”，表示用途。故填for。 5．句意：随着社会的发展，它无法满足现代人的需求。分析句子结构，of后接名词，结合“With the development of”及备选词，此处指“随着社会的发展”，society（社会）符合语境。 6．句意：来自山东济南的优秀工匠乔一兵投入了大部分精力对它进行创新性改造。his后应接名词作put的宾语，根据“puts most of his...into making creative changes”及备选词可知，此处指“投入精力去改造”，put one’s energy into doing sth.意为“投入精力做某事”，因此选用单词energy。 7．句意：这些物品包括我们日常生活中可以用到的椅子、书桌和沙发等。“chairs, desks and sofas”都是我们日常生活中可以用到的物品，daily lives意为“日常生活”。因此选用单词daily。 8．句意：几年前，为了展示他的高超技艺，他制作了一个微型的鲁班枕。空处修饰名词Luban Pillow需用形容词，结合后文补充的尺寸描述“它只有5厘米长、1.5厘米宽、0.5厘米厚”，可知这个鲁班枕的尺寸非常小，因此选用单词tiny。 9．句意：它只有5厘米长，1.5厘米宽，0.5厘米厚。结合前文强调这个鲁班枕尺寸极小的语境，此处需要填入副词表示“仅仅、只”来突出它的小巧程度，因此选用单词only。 10．句意：他的目的是让更多年轻人了解鲁班枕。形容词性物主代词His后需要填入名词作主语，空后“is to let more young people know about the Luban Pillow”是在说明匠人参与文化活动、对接高校的目的，此处表示“目的、目标”，因此选用单词purpose。 九．阅读表达 The history of traffic lights dates back to the early 19th century in Britain. London was a busy city with horse-drawn carriages (马车). They often rushed into people, causing many accidents. At the same time, there was a fashion rule in London—women in red showed that they were married and green for unmarried. This gave people the idea for using red and green as traffic signs later. On December 10th, 1868, British mechanic (机械师) De Hart designed the world’s first traffic light with only red and green. A policeman had to pull a belt to change the lights: red meant “stop”, and green meant “go”. At first, it worked well and reduced accidents. However, this traffic light exploded (爆炸) after 23 days. The light was turned off, but the idea stayed alive. In 1914, electric traffic lights were first used in America. Red and green still did their jobs, and they were safer and easier to see. In 1927, a Chinese student named Hu Ruding was studying in the US. He noticed drivers sometimes rushed when the light changed. “What if there’s a middle color to slow people down?” he thought. That’s how the yellow light was born, meaning “get ready to stop”. Around the same time, an American policeman named William Potts created the first three-color traffic lights for all directions. They made crossroads much safer. These colors were not chosen by chance. Red is easy to see, like a fire alarm, so it means “Danger—stop!”. Yellow is a warning, like a sign that says “Be careful—slow down!”. Green, like a forest, tells us “Safe to go!”. Together, they form a common language that keeps us safe every day. Great ideas come from everyday things. Whether traffic lights or something else, noticing and thinking “what if” can change the world! 根据语篇内容，按要求回答问题。 1．When did the world’s first traffic light with only red and green appear? 2．In which country were electric traffic lights first used? 3．Who suggested adding a yellow light to traffic signs? 4．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 5? 5．If you can add a new color or use other things like sounds and shapes to make traffic safer, what will you choose and why? (不超过15词) 【答案】1．On December 10th, 1868. 2．In America. 3．Hu Ruding (a Chinese student). 4．Red, yellow and green. 5．I’d add warning sounds to help blind pedestrians. 【导语】本文介绍交通信号灯的发展历史，讲述红、绿、黄信号灯的由来，告诉我们伟大的想法来源于日常生活。 【详解】1．第二段“On December 10th, 1868, British mechanic (机械师) De Hart designed the world’s first traffic light with only red and green.”明确指出仅含红绿色的世界首台交通灯出现的时间，直接提取。 2．第三段“In 1914, electric traffic lights were first used in America.”说明电动交通灯首次在美国投入使用，直接提取。 3．第四段“In 1927, a Chinese student named Hu Ruding was studying in the US. ... That’s how the yellow light was born”提到中国留美学生胡汝鼎提出增设黄灯的想法，答案是原文直接信息。 4．第五段“Red is easy to see ... Yellow is a warning ... Green, like a forest, tells us ‘Safe to go!’. Together, they form a common language that keeps us safe every day.”表明they指代前文提到的红、黄、绿三种交通信号灯颜色，答案可整理为“Red, yellow and green.” 5．本题是开放性试题，答案不唯一，根据自身情况合理作答即可，注意不超过15词。 十．写作 从古至今，社会进步离不开发明创造，不同的发明给我们的生活带来了不同的影响。请以“My Favorite Invention”为题用英语写一篇发言稿，谈谈你最喜欢的发明。 写作要求： 1）90词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2）文中不得出现真实的人名和校名。 My Favorite Invention I am very happy to be here to make a speech today. The topic of my speech is “My Favorite Invention”. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： My Favorite Invention I am very happy to be here to make a speech today. The topic of my speech is “My Favorite Invention”. Among all the great inventions, my favorite is the Internet. I like it because it makes our life much more convenient and colorful. The Internet has greatly influenced our life. It helps us learn new things and broadens our horizons. We can read news from around the world, take online courses, and share our ideas with others. However, we should also use it properly and avoid spending too much time on it. In short, the Internet is a wonderful invention that makes our world more connected. Thank you! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：最喜欢的发明、喜欢它的原因、该发明如何影响我们的生活 确定人称：第一人称（I/my/we）和第三人称（it） 注意事项：90词左右；文中不得出现真实的人名和校名 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：开门见山，介绍自己的演讲主题，引出自己最喜欢的发明 主体段：具体阐述喜欢该发明的原因以及该发明如何影响我们的生活 结尾段：总结全文，表达感谢 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：最喜欢的发明 发明名称：the Internet/the smartphone/the light bulb/the high-speed train等 要点二：喜欢该发明的原因 原因：makes our life much more convenient and colorful/allows us to find information quickly/makes us communicate with our friends even when they are far away等 要点三：该发明如何影响我们的生活 学习方面：helps us learn new things and broadens our horizons/helps us get all kinds of information online/helps us learn new skills等 生活方面：read news from around the world/take online courses/do shopping without leaving home/shop online等 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $