Unit 8 Natural disasters过去进行时（核心语法精练）-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2026-2027学年八年级上册英语（译林版）

该初中英语单元学案以“Natural disasters”为主题，聚焦过去进行时的复习，通过核心语法回顾（构成、用法、与一般过去时辨析）、专项能力突破（单选、语法填空、句子转换）、解题综合提升（完形填空、短文填空）的递进式任务，构建“理解-应用-综合”的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性和连贯性。 亮点在于结合“自然灾害”主题的情境化语篇设计，如完形填空“A Cold Night, A Warm Home”和短文填空“disaster training”，引导学生在真实语境中运用过去进行时，培养语言能力和思维品质。单元包含语法思维导图辅助知识框架梳理，“按要求完成句子”中的情境翻译任务促进深度学习。每模块设有典型例句和解题指导，为学生巩固语法提供支持，也为教师实施单元复习教学提供清晰的路径。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 8 Natural disasters （新教材译林版） （过去进行时） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本单元学习过去进行时：由 was/were + 动词 -ing 构成，表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作；常与 at this time yesterday、when/while 等连用，用来描述过去某动作发生时另一动作正在进行。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、过去进行时的构成与用法 基本构成 was/were + 动词 -ing；was 用于单数主语，were 用于复数及 you。 I was reading；they were playing 过去某时刻正在进行 表示过去某一具体时刻正在发生的动作，常带时间状语。 at 8 last night；this time yesterday while 引导持续动作 while 引导的从句常用过去进行时，表示动作持续进行。 while it was raining 时间标志词 at this time yesterday、from...to...、all morning 等常与过去进行时连用。 from 2 to 4 yesterday 二、过去进行时与一般过去时辨析 进行时强调过程 过去进行时强调动作在某段时间内“进行”的过程。 He was writing a letter. 一般过去时强调完成 一般过去时表示动作已完成、成事实。 He wrote a letter. when 与 while 区别 when 后接短动作（一般过去时），while 后接长动作（过去进行时）。 when I came in；while we waited 并列与转折 when/while 连接并列句时注意主从句时态配合。 I was cooking when the phone rang. 使用注意事项 1. 过去进行时由“was/were + 动词 -ing”构成：was 用于单数、were 用于复数及 you。 2. 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作，如 at 8 last night、this time yesterday。 3. while 引导的从句常用过去进行时，表示动作持续；when 后常接短动作（一般过去时）。 4. 过去进行时强调动作“进行的过程”，一般过去时强调动作“已完成”。 5. 否定句在 was/were 后加 not（weren't / wasn't）；疑问句将 was/were 提前。 一、单项选择 1．—What ________ you ________ at eight o'clock yesterday evening? —I was doing my homework in the study. A．are; doing B．did; do C．do; do D．were; doing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—昨晚八点你正在做什么？—我在书房做作业。过去进行时由 was/were + doing 构成，主语 you 用 were。故选 D。 2．While it ________ heavily, we were waiting at the bus stop. A．rained B．was raining C．rains D．has rained 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当时雨正下得很大，我们在公交站等着。while 引导持续动作用过去进行时 was raining。故选 B。 3．He ________ a book when I came into the quiet reading room. A．was reading B．reads C．read D．has read 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我走进安静阅览室时，他正在看书。when 后接短动作 came，主句动作用过去进行时 was reading。故选 A。 4．They ________ football on the playground at this time yesterday afternoon. A．played B．play C．were playing D．are playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天下午这个时候他们正在操场踢球。at this time yesterday 提示过去进行时，主语 they 用 were playing。故选 C。 5．—Were you watching the news at nine last night? —No, I ________. A．weren't B．wasn't C．am not D．didn't 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—昨晚九点你在看新闻吗？—不，我没在。was 开头的一般疑问句否定回答用 wasn't。故选 B。 6．My mother ________ dinner when the phone suddenly rang. A．cooks B．cooked C．has cooked D．was cooking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：电话突然响起时，妈妈正在做饭。ring 为短动作，主句动作用过去进行时 was cooking。故选 D。 7．We ________ a class meeting from two to four yesterday afternoon. A．were having B．had C．have D．are having 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨天下午两点到四点我们正在开班会。from...to... 表过去某段持续，用过去进行时 were having。故选 A。 8．What ________ the children ________ when the teacher came into the classroom? A．did; do B．are; doing C．were; doing D．do; do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师进教室时孩子们正在做什么？过去进行时疑问式 were the children doing。故选 C。 9．She ________ TV when her best friend came to visit her. A．was watching B．watched C．watches D．has watched 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她最好的朋友来访时，她正在看电视。came 为短动作，主句用过去进行时 was watching。故选 A。 10．—________ it snowing when you left home this morning? —Yes, it ________, so I took a bus. A．Is; is B．Was; was C．Did; did D．Were; were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—你今早离家时正在下雪吗？—是的，正在下，所以我乘了公交。it 作主语用 was，疑问句 Was it snowing，肯定回答 was。故选 B。 二、单句语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．I ________ (do) my maths homework when the light went out suddenly. 【答案】was doing 【详解】句意：灯突然熄灭时我正在做数学作业。when 后短动作 went out，主句用过去进行时 was doing。 2．They ________ (play) basketball at this time yesterday on the court. 【答案】were playing 【详解】句意：昨天的这个时候他们正在球场打篮球。at this time yesterday 提示过去进行时，主语 they 用 were playing。 3．While Tom ________ (walk) the dog, it began to rain heavily. 【答案】was walking 【详解】句意：汤姆遛狗时，突然下起了大雨。while 引导持续动作用过去进行时 was walking。 4．We ________ (have) a picnic by the lake when it started to rain. 【答案】were having 【详解】句意：我们正在湖边野餐时，天开始下雨。started 为短动作，主句用过去进行时 were having。 5．She ________ (read) an English story at eight o'clock last night. 【答案】was reading 【详解】句意：昨晚八点她正在读一个英语故事。过去进行时 was reading。 6．The workers ________ (build) a new bridge from June to August last year. 【答案】were building 【详解】句意：去年六到八月工人们正在建一座新桥。from...to... 表持续，用过去进行时 were building。 7．He ________ (not watch) TV at that moment; he was studying for the test. 【答案】wasn't watching 【详解】句意：那时他没在看电视，他在为考试复习。过去进行时否定 wasn't watching。 8．________ you ________ (listen) to the radio at seven this morning? 【答案】Were; listening 【详解】句意：今天早上七点你在听广播吗？过去进行时疑问式 Were you listening。 9．My little brother ________ (sleep) when I got home from school. 【答案】was sleeping 【详解】句意：我放学回家时弟弟正在睡觉。got 为短动作，主句用过去进行时 was sleeping。 10．It ________ (rain) when we went out, so we took our umbrellas with us. 【答案】was raining 【详解】句意：我们出门时正在下雨，所以带了伞。went 为短动作，主句用过去进行时 was raining。 三、按要求完成句子 1．昨天晚上八点，我正在和我的笔友视频聊天。 I ________ ________ a video chat with my pen pal at 8 last night. 【答案】was having 【详解】句意：昨天晚上八点，我正在和笔友视频聊天。at 8 last night 提示过去进行时，was having。 2．当老师进来的时候，学生们正在讨论问题。 The students ________ ________ about the problem when the teacher came in. 【答案】were talking 【详解】句意：老师进来时学生们正在讨论问题。came 为短动作，主句用过去进行时 were talking。 3．上周六整个上午，妈妈都在打扫房间。 Mum ________ ________ the room the whole morning last Saturday. 【答案】was cleaning 【详解】句意：上周六整个上午妈妈都在打扫房间。the whole morning 表持续，用过去进行时 was cleaning。 4．昨天下午四点，弟弟在公园里放风筝。 My brother ________ ________ a kite in the park at 4 yesterday afternoon. 【答案】was flying 【详解】句意：昨天下午四点弟弟正在公园放风筝。过去进行时 was flying。 5．当我们到达火车站时，火车正要离开。 When we got to the station, the train ________ ________. 【答案】was leaving 【详解】句意：我们到车站时火车正要离开。过去进行时 was leaving 表示“正要离开”。 6．I was reading a book at 9 p.m.（改为一般疑问句） ________ ________ reading a book at 9 p.m.? 【答案】Were you 【详解】句意：晚上九点我正在读书。改为一般疑问句将 were 提前，I 变 you，Were you。 7．They were playing football.（改为否定句） They ________ ________ football. 【答案】weren't playing 【详解】句意：他们正在踢足球。改为否定句在 were 后加 not，weren't playing。 8．She was washing clothes when I called her.（对划线部分提问：when I called her） ________ ________ she ________ clothes? 【答案】When was; washing 【详解】句意：我给她打电话时她正在洗衣服。对时间状语从句提问用 When was she washing。 9．He watched TV. His sister did her homework.（用 while 合并为一句） He watched TV ________ his sister ________ her homework. 【答案】while; did 【详解】句意：他看电视，妹妹做作业。用 while 合并，长动作 watched TV 与短动作 did 并列，while 后接一般过去时 did。 10．We were having a meeting. The fire alarm went off.（用 when 合并为一句） We ________ ________ a meeting ________ the fire alarm went off. 【答案】were having; when 【详解】句意：我们正在开会，火警响了。用 when 合并，短动作 went off 与过去进行时 were having 搭配。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 根据文章内容在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mr Hatch lived a lonely life. He walked alone to work every day and ate his lunch alone in a corner. He never smiled. He never 1 anyone on his way home. In the evening, he would read a newspaper and go to bed early. His life changed, 2 , one day when he got a heart-shaped box full of chocolate in the mail. A piece of paper in the box said, “Somebody loves you.” At first, he couldn’t 3 it, but as he read the message, he began to laugh and dance around. The message 4 his heart to the power of love. Soon he found himself being 5 . He became a joy at work and began to help people in the neighborhood. As the days and weeks 6 , his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love touched everyone around him. Later, Mr Hatch found out that the heart-shaped box belonged to somebody else. It was a 7 . He felt sad and went back to his old ways. When his neighbors found out, they decided not to 8 the light he shared. They 9 him with a party and a long banner (横幅) that read, “Everybody loves Mr Hatch.” Mr Hatch cried when he learned that somebody 10 him after all. Then he laughed. smiled and hugged his friends. We all have a little bit of Mr Hatch in us. At times, we all feel unloved and unlovable. However, somebody does love us. 1．A．met B．greeted C．passed D．thanked 2．A．instead B．besides C．however D．differently 3．A．know B．accept C．believe D．understand 4．A．brought B．pushed C．closed D．opened 5．A．lonely B．happy C．strange D．busy 6．A．went by B．gave away C．cooled down D．came back 7．A．joke B．gift C．mistake D．story 8．A．use B．feel C．hold D．lose 9．A．relaxed B．worried C．surprised D．interested 10．A．loved B．invited C．protected D．trusted 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了哈奇先生过着孤独的生活，但有一天收到一个心形巧克力盒后，他的生活改变了。后来发现盒子是别人的，他感到伤心，但邻居们用派对和横幅表达对他的爱，让他重新快乐起来。 【详解】1．句意：在回家的路上，他从未向任何人打招呼。 met遇见；greeted打招呼；passed经过；thanked感谢。根据“Mr Hatch lived a lonely life. He walked alone to work every day and ate his lunch alone in a corner. He never smiled.”可知，哈奇先生过着孤独的生活，从不微笑，所以他在回家的路上应该从未向任何人“打招呼”，因为他很孤独，不与人互动。故选B。 2．句意：然而，有一天，当他收到一个装满巧克力的心形盒子的邮件时，他的生活发生了变化。 instead代替；besides除了；however然而；differently不同地。根据“His life changed…one day when he got a heart-shaped box full of chocolate in the mail.”可知，这里需要一个表示转折或对比的词，因为前面描述他孤独，后面说他的生活改变了，however表示转折。故选C。 3．句意：起初，他简直不敢相信，但当他读到这条消息时，他开始大笑并跳舞。 know知道；accept接受；believe相信；understand理解。根据“but as he read the message, he began to laugh and dance around”可知，but表示转折，起初，他不“相信”它，因为很意外，但当他读到这条消息时，他开始大笑并跳舞。故选C。 4．句意：这条信息让他对爱的力量敞开了心扉。 brought带来；pushed推；closed关闭；opened打开。根据“his heart to the power of love”可知，此处指这条消息“打开”了他的心扉，让他感受到爱。故选D。 5．句意：不久，他发现自己变快乐了。 lonely孤独的；happy快乐的；strange陌生的；busy忙碌的。根据“He became a joy at work and began to help people in the neighborhood.”可知，他变快乐了，他带给同事们欢乐，也开始帮助邻居。故选B。 6．句意：随着时间的推移，他的大笑、微笑、善良、幸福和爱感动了他周围的每个人。 went by过去；gave away赠送；cooled down冷却；came back回来。根据“As the days and weeks…his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love touched everyone around him.”可知，随着时间的“推移”，他的积极影响依然持续。故选A。 7．句意：它是个错误。 joke玩笑；gift礼物；mistake错误；story故事。根据“Later, Mr Hatch found out that the heart-shaped box belonged to somebody else.”可知，他发现心型盒子是别人的，所以这是一个“错误”。故选C。 8．句意：当他的邻居发现后，他们决定不要让他失去这份光芒。 use使用；feel感觉；hold持有；lose失去。根据“They…him with a party and a long banner that read, ‘Everybody loves Mr Hatch.’”可知，邻居们不想“失去”他分享的光芒，所以为他举办派对并拉横幅表白“每个人都爱哈奇先生”。故选D。 9．句意：他们举办派对给他惊喜，并挂上了一面长长的横幅，上面写着：“每个人都爱哈奇先生。” relaxed放松；worried担心；surprised使惊讶；interested使感兴趣。根据“They…him with a party and a long banner that read, ‘Everybody loves Mr Hatch.’”可知，这是个惊喜派对，邻居们举办派对给他“惊喜”。故选C。 10．句意：哈奇先生得知还有人爱他时哭了。 loved爱；invited邀请；protected保护；trusted信任。根据“Everybody loves Mr Hatch.”可知，最终，他明白有人“爱”他，所以他哭了。故选A。 Passage 2 根据短文内容，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 A Cold Night, A Warm Home One cold winter morning, Mrs. Wilton looked out of the window. 1 around the house was white after two days of heavy snow. It looked beautiful, but it was also dangerous. Her two children, Tom and Lucy, did not go to school that day because of the snowstorm. Their father called from work to say the 2 were closed, and buses stopped running. He might not be able to come home. 3 , Mrs. Wilton heard a loud sound. The big tree in their yard fell down, and at that moment, the lights 4 . The television stopped, and even the phone became useless. The children were 5 at first, but Mrs. Wilton stayed calm. She gently told them they must take care of each other and stay safe. Without 6 , many things in the house no longer worked: the fridge, the TV, the computer, and the heater. However, the Wiltons were prepared. They had candles (蜡烛) for light and a wood stove (炉子) for heat. Mrs. Wilton cooked noodles on the stove, and soon the house felt warm again. They also had a small radio. From the news, they 7 that the snowstorm caused power cuts in many areas, and many families were not ready for the sudden changes. Thinking of this, Mrs. Wilton felt 8 that her family had prepared for cold nights like this. Later that night, Mrs. Wilton and her children played games and told jokes. Before going to bed, they stepped outside and looked at the quiet snow 9 the stars. Even without power, they felt safe and lucky, because they knew how to live a 10 life when facing difficulties. Their care for each other made the night feel warm. 1．A．Something B．Anything C．Everything D．Nothing 2．A．parks B．roads C．windows D．libraries 3．A．Suddenly B．Firstly C．Finally D．Lastly 4．A．went on B．turned down C．turned up D．went out 5．A．quiet B．nervous C．relaxed D．bored 6．A．light B．water C．food D．power 7．A．worked out B．searched out C．found out D．pointed out 8．A．homeless B．hopeful C．helpless D．thankful 9．A．under B．above C．over D．beyond 10．A．simple B．lonely C．poor D．strange 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了威尔顿一家在暴风雪停电的夜晚，凭借提前准备的物资和彼此的关怀，安全又温暖地度过难关的故事。 【详解】1．句意：房子周围的一切都在两天的大雪后变成了白色。 Something某事；Anything任何事；Everything一切；Nothing没有什么。根据“after two days of heavy snow”可知，大雪过后周围所有事物都变白了。故选C。 2．句意：他们的父亲在上班的地方打电话来说道路被封了，公交车也停运了。 parks公园；roads道路；windows窗户；libraries图书馆。根据“buses stopped running”可知，暴风雪导致道路封闭，影响了交通。故选B。 3．句意：突然，威尔顿夫人听到一声巨响。 Suddenly突然；Firstly首先；Finally最终；Lastly最后。根据“heard a loud sound”可知，大树倒下的声音是突然出现的。故选A。 4．句意：院子里的大树倒了，就在那时，灯灭了。 went on继续；turned down调小；turned up调大；went out熄灭。根据“The television stopped, and even the phone became useless.”可知，此时停电了，灯熄灭了。故选D。 5．句意：孩子们一开始很紧张，但威尔顿夫人保持冷静。 quiet安静的；nervous紧张的；relaxed放松的；bored无聊的。根据“but Mrs. Wilton stayed calm”的转折关系可知，孩子们一开始是紧张的。故选B。 6．句意：没有电，房子里的很多东西都无法工作：冰箱、电视、电脑和加热器。 light光线；water水；food食物；power电力。根据“many things in the house no longer worked: the fridge, the TV, the computer, and the heater”可知，电器无法使用，由此推测出是没有电力。故选D。 7．句意：从新闻中，他们了解到暴风雪导致很多地区停电，许多家庭对突发的变化毫无准备。 worked out算出；searched out搜出；found out查明，了解到；pointed out指出。根据“From the news”可知，他们是通过新闻了解到相关情况。故选C。 8．句意：想到这一点，威尔顿夫人很感激她的家人已经为这样的寒夜做好了准备。 homeless无家可归的；hopeful有希望的；helpless无助的；thankful感激的。根据“her family had prepared for cold nights like this”可知，她为家人的提前准备感到感激。故选D。 9．句意：睡觉前，他们走到外面，看着星空下寂静的雪。 under在……之下；above在……之上；over在……上方；beyond超出。雪是在星空之下的，用under the stars表示“在星空下”，是固定搭配。故选A。 10．句意：即使没有电，他们也感到安全和幸运，因为他们知道在面对困难时如何过简单的生活。 simple简单的；lonely孤独的；poor贫穷的；strange奇怪的。根据“However, the Wiltons were prepared. They had candles for light and a wood stove for heat.”可知，他们用蜡烛、木炉等简单物资度过夜晚，由此推断出此处指过简单的生活。故选A。 Passage 3 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 Last week in Geography class, we learnt that if all the ice in the North and South Poles melted, sea level around the world would rise, and many cities would be flooded and disappear (消失). It started to 1 me. What would happen if there was a flood in our city? Would anyone be 2 ? Last night, I had a 3 about a great flood: It was nine o’clock in the morning. My bedroom floor was a pool of water. I looked out of the window. Water was 4 . It covered roads, parks and small houses. Large objects, such as coaches and boats, passed by my window. They were floating (漂浮) in the water. I was 5 . But I knew I could not just stand there. I had to do something! I tried to call my dad, but the line was dead. My computer was still working, 6 I sent him an email. I wrote, “Dad, there’s a flood! What should we do?” He sent me an email back, “Kevin, my boss has given me some important work. I don’t have time to worry about the flood.” Then I emailed my best friend, “What should we do about the 7 ?” My friend replied, “I am busy playing computer games...” I 8 , “The WATER! Look at the WATER!” But my cries fell on deaf (聋) ears. In offices and homes, people just sat and looked at their computer screens. It seemed that they did not want to leave. Computers were 9 than the flood. Soon the water came into people’s rooms. It poured (倾倒) onto their desks and 10 their computers. People finally started to notice the flood, but it was too late. Then I woke up. There was no water. I was safe—for now. 1．A．encourage B．guide C．worry D．protect 2．A．asleep B．alive C．apart D．awake 3．A．course B．guess C．report D．dream 4．A．somewhere B．anywhere C．nowhere D．everywhere 5．A．scared B．energetic C．happy D．caring 6．A．so B．or C．but D．and 7．A．boat B．computer C．flood D．phone 8．A．asked B．laughed C．answered D．shouted 9．A．less wonderful B．less interesting C．more important D．more difficult 10．A．divided B．covered C．stored D．avoided 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文讲述作者地理课得知极地融化会致海平面上升，为此担忧并做了洪水来袭的噩梦，梦醒后意识到现在很安全。 【详解】1．句意：这件事开始让我担忧。 encourage鼓励；guide引导；worry担忧；protect保护。根据“What would happen if there was a flood in our city?”可知，此处指作者担心城市发生洪水，故选C。 2．句意：如果我们的城市发生洪水，会有人活着吗？ asleep睡着的；alive活着的；apart分开的；awake醒着的。根据“many cities would be flooded and disappear”可知，此处指作者担心洪水来袭后人们是否能存活下来，强调生命是否存在，故选B。 3．句意：昨晚，我做了一个关于大洪水的梦。 course课程；guess猜测；report报道；dream梦。根据“Then I woke up. There was no water.”可知，此处指接下来的内容是作者夜晚睡觉时做的梦，故选D。 4．句意：我向窗外望去，到处都是水。 somewhere某地；anywhere任何地方；nowhere无处；everywhere到处。根据“It covered roads, parks and small houses.”可知，此处指洪水覆盖了所有地方，到处都被水淹没，故选D。 5．句意：我很害怕。 scared害怕的；energetic精力充沛的；happy开心的；caring关心他人的。根据“Large objects, such as coaches and boats, passed by my window. They were floating in the water.”可知，此处指看到洪水肆虐的可怕场景，作者内心感到恐惧和慌张，故选A。 6．句意：我的电脑还能用，所以我给他发了一封电子邮件。 so因此；or否则；but但是；and并且。根据“My computer was still working”可知，因为电脑还能用所以选择发邮件，是因果关系，故选A。 7．句意：关于这场洪水我们该怎么办？ boat船；computer电脑；flood洪水；phone电话。根据“Dad, there’s a flood! What should we do?”可知，此处指作者向朋友询问应对洪水的办法，紧扣前文洪水的话题，故选C。 8．句意：我大喊：“水！看这些水！” asked询问；laughed大笑；answered回答；shouted大喊。根据“But my cries fell on deaf ears.”可知，此处指作者焦急地大声呼喊，希望引起他人注意，故选D。 9．句意：电脑比洪水更重要。 less wonderful不太精彩的；less interesting不太有趣的；more important更重要的；more difficult更困难的。根据“people just sat and looked at their computer screens. It seemed that they did not want to leave”可知，此处指人们只顾着玩电脑，忽视洪水，认为电脑比生命安全更重要，故选C。 10．句意：水涌到他们的桌子上，淹没了他们的电脑。 divided分开；covered覆盖、淹没；stored储存；avoided避免。根据“Soon the water came into people’s rooms. It poured onto their desks”可知，此处指洪水漫进房间淹没桌面，进而淹到电脑，故选B。 五、短文填空 Passage 4 Natural disasters always lead to terrible damage. Last week, our school 1 (hold) an important disaster training for all students, 2 (include) fire escape drills and earthquake response practices. Two knowledgeable 3 (policeman) were invited to give a speech about it. One policeman said that 4 (harm) gases from fires and falling objects during earthquakes are the main dangers in disasters. 5 (sad), he told us a true story: an unlucky man was hit by a falling brick when 6 earthquake happened in his city. He 7 (bleed) badly at that time and was quickly sent to the hospital. Many other people in that area even became 8 (home) overnight. Many of us did not know how to survive those disasters. 9 , we must follow the safety rules during every drill. When we practiced how to escape, we heard a few clear 10 (voice) from the radio guiding us at every corner. Through this training, we all learned how to protect ourselves better in emergencies. 【答案】 1．held 2．including 3．policemen 4．harmful 5．Sadly 6．an 7．was bleeding/bled 8．homeless 9．Therefore/So 10．voices 【导语】本文介绍了学校上周开展的防灾训练活动，包括消防逃生演练和地震应对练习，通过警察的讲解和真实案例，让学生们学习了灾害中的安全知识和自救方法。 【详解】1．句意：上周，我们学校为所有学生举办了一次重要的防灾训练。此处表示“举办”，句子为一般过去时，hold的过去式为held。 2．句意：包括消防逃生演练和地震应对练习。此处表示“包括”，用现在分词including作伴随状语。 3．句意：两位经验丰富的警察被邀请来做相关演讲。此处表示“警察”，two后接名词复数，policeman的复数形式为policemen。 4．句意：一位警察说，火灾产生的有害气体和地震中的坠落物是灾害中的主要危险。此处表示“有害的”，修饰名词gases需用形容词，harm的形容词形式为harmful。 5．句意：遗憾的是，他给我们讲了一个真实的故事……此处表示“遗憾地”，修饰整个句子需用副词，sad的副词形式为sadly，句首首字母大写。 6．句意：一个不幸的人在他的城市发生地震时被掉落的砖块砸中。此处表示“一场地震”，earthquake以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。 7．句意：当时他流了很多血，很快被送往医院。此处表示“流血”，句子为一般过去时，可用一般过去式bled，也可用过去进行时was bleeding。 8．句意：那个地区的许多其他人甚至一夜之间无家可归。此处表示“无家可归的”，become后接形容词作表语，home的形容词形式为homeless。 9．句意：因此，我们必须在每次演练中遵守安全规则。此处表示“因此”，上下文为因果关系，用连词Therefore/So，句首首字母大写。 10．句意：当我们练习如何逃生时，我们听到广播里几个清晰的声音在每个角落引导我们。此处表示“声音”，a few后接名词复数，voice的复数形式为voices。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Tom and Rock are good friends. They like adventures (冒险). Last summer, they had a seven-day holiday, and they looked forward to 1 (try) something different. They decided to go sea fishing. The trip was wonderful in the beginning. The sun 2 (shine) brightly, and they saw some large sharks. At first, Tom and Rock were very 3 (excite) to see them. However, something bad happened soon. The sharks hit(撞击) their boat! 4 (sudden), water rushed in, and they were in danger. They had to jump into their lifeboat (救生艇) in 5 hurry before the boat went down into the sea. How 6 (danger)! The sharks left, and Tom and Rock were safe but 7 (lose) at sea. They didn’t know which way to go and had little food left. Luckily, they had a small machine to remove (移除) salt from seawater, making it safe for drinking. They also had a tool to fish. These things saved their 8 (life). They saw ships pass by and shouted, but no one heard. 9 the end, a fisherman found they needed help and saved them. Adventures can become disasters (灾难) 10 we forget about safety. We should all remember this lesson! 【答案】 1．trying 2．shone 3．excited 4．Suddenly 5．a 6．dangerous 7．lost 8．lives 9．In 10．if/when 【导语】本文讲述了Tom和Rock的一次冒险经历，他们因鲨鱼撞击船只陷入危险，最终获救，借此强调冒险时安全的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：去年夏天，他们有七天假期，期待尝试不同的事物。根据“looked forward to”可知，to是介词，后接动名词，try的动名词是trying。故填trying。 2．句意：太阳明亮地照耀着，他们看到了一些大鲨鱼。根据“The trip was wonderful in the beginning.”可知文章时态为一般过去时，shine的过去式是shone。故填shone。 3．句意：起初，Tom和Rock看到它们非常兴奋。根据“Tom and Rock were very”可知，此处修饰人，用excite的形容词excited。故填excited。 4．句意：突然，水涌了进来，他们陷入危险。根据“water rushed in, and they were in danger”可知，此处修饰整个句子，用sudden的副词Suddenly，句首首字母大写。故填Suddenly。 5．句意：他们不得不在船沉入大海前匆忙跳进救生艇。根据“in...hurry”可知，这里是in a hurry，意为“匆忙地”。故填a。 6．句意：多么危险啊！根“How…”可知，这里是“how+形容词”引导感叹句，danger的形容词是 dangerous。故填dangerous。 7．句意：鲨鱼离开了，Tom和Rock安全了，但在海上迷路了。根据“Tom and Rock were safe but”可知，这里是be lost，意为“迷路”。故填lost。 8．句意：这些东西挽救了他们的生命。根据“their”可知，后接可数名词复数，life的复数是lives。故填lives。 9．句意：最后，一个渔民发现他们需要帮助并救了他们。根据“…the end”可知，这里是in the end，意为“最后”，句首首字母大写。故填In。 10．句意：如果我们忘记安全，冒险会变成灾难。根据“Adventures can become disasters…we forget about safety”可知，此处可表示“如果”(if)或“当……时”(when)，引导状语从句。故填if/when。 Passage 6 Over the years, movies and books have used tornadoes a lot in their stories. A tornado can be very dangerous. It usually has wind speeds (速度) of about 100 metres per second, and 1 (travel) a long distance. Most tornadoes last for less than 10 minutes. 2 (sad), tornadoes kill many people every year. Scientists can’t go inside tornadoes. That means tornadoes are very hard to study. As 3 result, it is still 4 (certain) how tornadoes form and die. 5 (tell) how strong a tornado is, scientists look at how much damage it causes and show the levels on the EF-Scale 6 EF0 to EF5. For example, if a tornado only damages trees, it will be at the level of EF0, while a tornado at the 7 (strong) level of EF5 blows away buildings with a wind speed of over 100 metres per second. 8 tornadoes can happen very quickly, make sure you know what to do when facing them. When you find 9 (you) meeting a tornado, calm down and try to find a safe place inside. Put your hands over the back of your head for 10 (protect). Also, stay away from windows and heavy things, or they may fall on you. 【答案】 1．travels 2．Sadly 3．a 4．uncertain 5．To tell 6．from 7．strongest 8．Since/Because/As 9．yourself 10．protection 【导语】文章围绕龙卷风展开，介绍其具有危险性，难以研究，还给出人们遭遇龙卷风时应冷静找安全处、保护自身等应对建议。 【详解】1．句意：它通常风速约为每秒100米，并且行进很长一段距离。根据前半句可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语为It，故填travels。 2．句意：可悲的是，龙卷风每年都会造成很多人死亡。根据“tornadoes kill many people every year”可知，此处应用副词修饰整个句子。设空位于句首，首字母大写，故填Sadly。 3．句意：因此，龙卷风如何形成和消失仍然不确定。固定搭配as a result意为“结果”，符合语境。故填a。 4．句意：因此，龙卷风如何形成和消失仍然不确定。空处应用形容词作表语，根据“how tornadoes form and die”可知，此处指尚不确定，故填uncertain。 5．句意：为了判断龙卷风有多强烈，科学家观察它造成的破坏程度，并在EF等级表上从EF0到EF5标注等级。分析句子可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填To tell。 6．句意：为了判断龙卷风有多强烈，科学家观察它造成的破坏程度，并在EF等级表上从EF0到EF5标注等级。根据固定搭配“from...to...”意为“从……到……”，符合语境，故填from。 7．句意：例如，如果龙卷风只破坏树木，它会处于EF0等级，而处于EF5最强等级的龙卷风，风速超过每秒100米，会把建筑物吹走。根据the和EF5可知，此处应用形容词最高级，故填strongest。 8．句意：因为龙卷风可能发生得非常突然，所以要确保你知道面对它们时该怎么做。“tornadoes can happen very quickly”是“make sure you know what to do when facing them”的原因，Since/Because/As都可引导原因状语从句，表“因为；由于”，句首首字母大写。故填Since/Because/As。 9．句意：当你发现自己遭遇龙卷风时，冷静下来并尽量在室内找一个安全的地方。根据句子主语是you，这里强调“发现你自己遭遇龙卷风时”，要用反身代词yourself，作find的宾语。故填yourself。 10．句意：把你的手放在后脑勺以保护（自己）。根据“for”是介词，后接名词。protect是动词，其名词形式protection表示“保护”。故填protection。 六、选词填空 Passage 7 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整，每词或短语限用一次。 avoid   stay   easy   passport   at risk Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream. Nowadays, the internet has made it much 1 ! But the internet has also put us 2 . Here are the basic rules (规则) you need to know 3 safe online. 1. Keep personal information private (私密的). 4 posting personal information online. This includes your full name, phone number, address, ID or 5 number. Sometimes you may have to post this information. However, limit (限制) who can read it. you   sometimes   protect   care   be aware of 2. Be password (密码) smart! To 6 your online accounts, it’s important to use a “strong and long” password. Don’t use words that are easy to guess, like your birthday. Change it often and be 7 . 3. 8 strangers. Never meet online strangers in real life. They may cheat (欺骗) you. Only spend time online with trusted friends. 4. Ask for help. People 9 say bad things to other people online. This is cyberbullying (网络霸凌). If you find 10 in hot water, don’t answer any bad messages. Instead, turn to your parents, teachers or other trusted adults for help. 【答案】 1．easier 2．at risk 3．to stay 4．Avoid 5．passport 6．protect 7．careful 8．Be aware of 9．sometimes 10．yourself/yourselves 【导语】本文介绍网络虽便利但存在安全隐患，给出四条网络安全准则，提醒大家保护隐私、谨慎设密码、警惕网友，遭遇网络霸凌及时求助。 【详解】1．句意：如今互联网让这件事变得容易多了。结合句意，互联网让远距离沟通更简单，选用easy；much后加形容词比较级，easy比较级为easier。 2．句意：但互联网也让我们身处危险之中。结合句意，网络存在安全隐患，选用at risk“处于危险中”，是固定短语。 3．句意：这里有几条你需要了解的基础规则，用来安全上网。结合句意，规则的目的是保持上网安全，选用stay；此处用不定式表示目的，故填to stay。 4．句意：避免在网上发布个人信息。结合后文不要泄露隐私，选用avoid“避免”；本句为祈使句，动词原形放句首首字母大写，故填Avoid。 5．句意：这包括你的全名、手机号、住址、身份证或护照号码。结合方框词汇，passport意为护照，passport number护照号，故填passport。 6．句意：为了保护你的网络账号，设置复杂长密码十分重要。结合句意，密码作用是保护账号，选用protect；此处用动词不定式，to后接动词原形，故填protect。 7．句意：经常更换密码并且保持谨慎。结合句意，上网设置密码要小心，选用care；be动词后用形容词，care形容词形式careful，故填careful。 8．句意：提防陌生人。结合后文不要和网友线下见面，选用be aware of“警惕、留意”；祈使句动词原形开头，首字母大写，故填Be aware of。 9．句意：人们有时会在网上对他人说恶意的话。结合句意，网络上偶尔会出现恶语，选用频度副词sometimes，表示“有时、偶尔”。 10．句意：如果你发现自己陷入麻烦，不要回复恶意消息。结合句意，指代“你、你们”，选用you；find oneself in hot water“发现自己陷入困境”是固定搭配，此处用you的反身代词yourself/yourselves。 Passage 8 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整。 (每词限用一次) while,  government,  we,  protect,  break,  recent,  challenge,  big,  thick,  try Fire accidents are always a great danger to people’s lives. 1 , there was a serious fire in Hong Kong. It 2 out on November 26, 2025. The fire started from scaffolding (脚手架) and spread to seven buildings in a short time. Strong winds and flammable materials (易燃材料) made the fire much 3 . Firefighters (消防员) faced many 4 during the rescue (救援). The high temperature and 5 smoke (烟) made it difficult for them to come into the buildings. However, they didn’t give up and 6 their best to save the people in danger. One firefighter even lost his life 7 fighting with the fire. The 8 took quick action after the fire. Temporary shelters (临时避难所) were opened for the hurt people, and social workers offered food and water for them. This accident teaches 9 that fire safety is very important. We should learn how to 10 ourselves from fires. Remember, a small mistake can lead to a big fire, so we must be careful at all times. 【答案】 1．Recently 2．broke 3．bigger 4．challenges 5．thick 6．tried 7．while 8．government 9．us 10．protect 【导语】本文主要讲述了香港发生的一场严重火灾，火灾从脚手架开始并迅速蔓延到七栋建筑，消防员在救援过程中面临诸多困难，政府在火灾后迅速采取行动，这场事故提醒人们消防安全的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：最近，香港发生了一场严重的火灾。根据“there was a serious fire in Hong Kong”以及语境可知，此处需要一个表示时间的词来引出火灾发生的时间，“recent”的副词形式“Recently”表示“最近”，用于句首，符合语境。故填Recently。 2．句意：它在2025年11月26日爆发。根据“out on November 26, 2025”可知，此处指火灾爆发，“break out”表示“爆发”，为固定短语，且根据“on November 26, 2025”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以“break”要用过去式“broke”。故填broke。 3．句意：强风和易燃材料使火势更大。根据“Strong winds and flammable materials made the fire much...”可知，强风和易燃材料会使火势更大，“much”修饰比较级，“big”的比较级为“bigger”。故填bigger。 4．句意：消防员在救援过程中面临许多挑战。根据“The high temperature and...smoke (烟) made it difficult for them to come into the buildings.”可知，高温和浓烟让消防员进入建筑变得困难，所以他们面临很多挑战，“many”后接可数名词复数，“challenge”的复数形式为“challenges”。故填challenges。 5．句意：高温和浓烟让他们很难进入建筑物。根据“smoke (烟)”可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰“smoke”，“thick”表示“浓的”，符合语境。故填thick。 6．句意：然而，他们没有放弃，并尽最大努力拯救处于危险中的人们。根据“their best to save the people in danger”可知，此处指尽最大努力拯救处于危险中的人们，“try one’s best to do sth.”表示“尽某人最大努力做某事”，且句子时态为一般过去时，所以“try”要用过去式“tried”。故填tried。 7．句意：一名消防员甚至在救火时牺牲了。根据“One firefighter even lost his life...fighting with the fire.”可知，此处指一名消防员在救火时牺牲了，“while”表示“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。故填while。 8．句意：火灾发生后，政府迅速采取行动。根据“took quick action after the fire”以及备选词可知，此处指政府迅速采取行动，“government”表示“政府”，符合语境，在此处特指香港政府，用单数形式。故填government。 9．句意：这次事故提醒我们消防安全非常重要。根据“teaches”可知，此处需要填人称代词的宾格形式作间接宾语，指代“我们”，“we”的宾格形式为“us”，表示“我们”，符合语境。故填us。 10．句意：我们应该学习如何保护自己免受火灾的伤害。根据“ourselves from fires”可知，此处指保护自己免受火灾的伤害，“protect...from...”表示“保护……免受……的伤害”，为固定短语，且“how to do sth.”表示“如何做某事”，所以此处用动词原形“protect”。故填protect。 3 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 8 Natural disasters （新教材译林版） （过去进行时） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本单元学习过去进行时：由 was/were + 动词 -ing 构成，表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作；常与 at this time yesterday、when/while 等连用，用来描述过去某动作发生时另一动作正在进行。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、过去进行时的构成与用法 基本构成 was/were + 动词 -ing；was 用于单数主语，were 用于复数及 you。 I was reading；they were playing 过去某时刻正在进行 表示过去某一具体时刻正在发生的动作，常带时间状语。 at 8 last night；this time yesterday while 引导持续动作 while 引导的从句常用过去进行时，表示动作持续进行。 while it was raining 时间标志词 at this time yesterday、from...to...、all morning 等常与过去进行时连用。 from 2 to 4 yesterday 二、过去进行时与一般过去时辨析 进行时强调过程 过去进行时强调动作在某段时间内“进行”的过程。 He was writing a letter. 一般过去时强调完成 一般过去时表示动作已完成、成事实。 He wrote a letter. when 与 while 区别 when 后接短动作（一般过去时），while 后接长动作（过去进行时）。 when I came in；while we waited 并列与转折 when/while 连接并列句时注意主从句时态配合。 I was cooking when the phone rang. 使用注意事项 1. 过去进行时由“was/were + 动词 -ing”构成：was 用于单数、were 用于复数及 you。 2. 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作，如 at 8 last night、this time yesterday。 3. while 引导的从句常用过去进行时，表示动作持续；when 后常接短动作（一般过去时）。 4. 过去进行时强调动作“进行的过程”，一般过去时强调动作“已完成”。 5. 否定句在 was/were 后加 not（weren't / wasn't）；疑问句将 was/were 提前。 一、单项选择 1．—What ________ you ________ at eight o'clock yesterday evening? —I was doing my homework in the study. A．are; doing B．did; do C．do; do D．were; doing 2．While it ________ heavily, we were waiting at the bus stop. A．rained B．was raining C．rains D．has rained 3．He ________ a book when I came into the quiet reading room. A．was reading B．reads C．read D．has read 4．They ________ football on the playground at this time yesterday afternoon. A．played B．play C．were playing D．are playing 5．—Were you watching the news at nine last night? —No, I ________. A．weren't B．wasn't C．am not D．didn't 6．My mother ________ dinner when the phone suddenly rang. A．cooks B．cooked C．has cooked D．was cooking 7．We ________ a class meeting from two to four yesterday afternoon. A．were having B．had C．have D．are having 8．What ________ the children ________ when the teacher came into the classroom? A．did; do B．are; doing C．were; doing D．do; do 9．She ________ TV when her best friend came to visit her. A．was watching B．watched C．watches D．has watched 10．—________ it snowing when you left home this morning? —Yes, it ________, so I took a bus. A．Is; is B．Was; was C．Did; did D．Were; were 二、单句语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．I ________ (do) my maths homework when the light went out suddenly. 2．They ________ (play) basketball at this time yesterday on the court. 3．While Tom ________ (walk) the dog, it began to rain heavily. 4．We ________ (have) a picnic by the lake when it started to rain. 5．She ________ (read) an English story at eight o'clock last night. 6．The workers ________ (build) a new bridge from June to August last year. 7．He ________ (not watch) TV at that moment; he was studying for the test. 8．________ you ________ (listen) to the radio at seven this morning? 9．My little brother ________ (sleep) when I got home from school. 10．It ________ (rain) when we went out, so we took our umbrellas with us. 三、按要求完成句子 1．昨天晚上八点，我正在和我的笔友视频聊天。 I ________ ________ a video chat with my pen pal at 8 last night. 2．当老师进来的时候，学生们正在讨论问题。 The students ________ ________ about the problem when the teacher came in. 3．上周六整个上午，妈妈都在打扫房间。 Mum ________ ________ the room the whole morning last Saturday. 4．昨天下午四点，弟弟在公园里放风筝。 My brother ________ ________ a kite in the park at 4 yesterday afternoon. 5．当我们到达火车站时，火车正要离开。 When we got to the station, the train ________ ________. 6．I was reading a book at 9 p.m.（改为一般疑问句） ________ ________ reading a book at 9 p.m.? 7．They were playing football.（改为否定句） They ________ ________ football. 8．She was washing clothes when I called her.（对划线部分提问：when I called her） ________ ________ she ________ clothes? 9．He watched TV. His sister did her homework.（用 while 合并为一句） He watched TV ________ his sister ________ her homework. 10．We were having a meeting. The fire alarm went off.（用 when 合并为一句） We ________ ________ a meeting ________ the fire alarm went off. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 根据文章内容在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mr Hatch lived a lonely life. He walked alone to work every day and ate his lunch alone in a corner. He never smiled. He never 1 anyone on his way home. In the evening, he would read a newspaper and go to bed early. His life changed, 2 , one day when he got a heart-shaped box full of chocolate in the mail. A piece of paper in the box said, “Somebody loves you.” At first, he couldn’t 3 it, but as he read the message, he began to laugh and dance around. The message 4 his heart to the power of love. Soon he found himself being 5 . He became a joy at work and began to help people in the neighborhood. As the days and weeks 6 , his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love touched everyone around him. Later, Mr Hatch found out that the heart-shaped box belonged to somebody else. It was a 7 . He felt sad and went back to his old ways. When his neighbors found out, they decided not to 8 the light he shared. They 9 him with a party and a long banner (横幅) that read, “Everybody loves Mr Hatch.” Mr Hatch cried when he learned that somebody 10 him after all. Then he laughed. smiled and hugged his friends. We all have a little bit of Mr Hatch in us. At times, we all feel unloved and unlovable. However, somebody does love us. 1．A．met B．greeted C．passed D．thanked 2．A．instead B．besides C．however D．differently 3．A．know B．accept C．believe D．understand 4．A．brought B．pushed C．closed D．opened 5．A．lonely B．happy C．strange D．busy 6．A．went by B．gave away C．cooled down D．came back 7．A．joke B．gift C．mistake D．story 8．A．use B．feel C．hold D．lose 9．A．relaxed B．worried C．surprised D．interested 10．A．loved B．invited C．protected D．trusted Passage 2 根据短文内容，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 A Cold Night, A Warm Home One cold winter morning, Mrs. Wilton looked out of the window. 1 around the house was white after two days of heavy snow. It looked beautiful, but it was also dangerous. Her two children, Tom and Lucy, did not go to school that day because of the snowstorm. Their father called from work to say the 2 were closed, and buses stopped running. He might not be able to come home. 3 , Mrs. Wilton heard a loud sound. The big tree in their yard fell down, and at that moment, the lights 4 . The television stopped, and even the phone became useless. The children were 5 at first, but Mrs. Wilton stayed calm. She gently told them they must take care of each other and stay safe. Without 6 , many things in the house no longer worked: the fridge, the TV, the computer, and the heater. However, the Wiltons were prepared. They had candles (蜡烛) for light and a wood stove (炉子) for heat. Mrs. Wilton cooked noodles on the stove, and soon the house felt warm again. They also had a small radio. From the news, they 7 that the snowstorm caused power cuts in many areas, and many families were not ready for the sudden changes. Thinking of this, Mrs. Wilton felt 8 that her family had prepared for cold nights like this. Later that night, Mrs. Wilton and her children played games and told jokes. Before going to bed, they stepped outside and looked at the quiet snow 9 the stars. Even without power, they felt safe and lucky, because they knew how to live a 10 life when facing difficulties. Their care for each other made the night feel warm. 1．A．Something B．Anything C．Everything D．Nothing 2．A．parks B．roads C．windows D．libraries 3．A．Suddenly B．Firstly C．Finally D．Lastly 4．A．went on B．turned down C．turned up D．went out 5．A．quiet B．nervous C．relaxed D．bored 6．A．light B．water C．food D．power 7．A．worked out B．searched out C．found out D．pointed out 8．A．homeless B．hopeful C．helpless D．thankful 9．A．under B．above C．over D．beyond 10．A．simple B．lonely C．poor D．strange Passage 3 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 Last week in Geography class, we learnt that if all the ice in the North and South Poles melted, sea level around the world would rise, and many cities would be flooded and disappear (消失). It started to 1 me. What would happen if there was a flood in our city? Would anyone be 2 ? Last night, I had a 3 about a great flood: It was nine o’clock in the morning. My bedroom floor was a pool of water. I looked out of the window. Water was 4 . It covered roads, parks and small houses. Large objects, such as coaches and boats, passed by my window. They were floating (漂浮) in the water. I was 5 . But I knew I could not just stand there. I had to do something! I tried to call my dad, but the line was dead. My computer was still working, 6 I sent him an email. I wrote, “Dad, there’s a flood! What should we do?” He sent me an email back, “Kevin, my boss has given me some important work. I don’t have time to worry about the flood.” Then I emailed my best friend, “What should we do about the 7 ?” My friend replied, “I am busy playing computer games...” I 8 , “The WATER! Look at the WATER!” But my cries fell on deaf (聋) ears. In offices and homes, people just sat and looked at their computer screens. It seemed that they did not want to leave. Computers were 9 than the flood. Soon the water came into people’s rooms. It poured (倾倒) onto their desks and 10 their computers. People finally started to notice the flood, but it was too late. Then I woke up. There was no water. I was safe—for now. 1．A．encourage B．guide C．worry D．protect 2．A．asleep B．alive C．apart D．awake 3．A．course B．guess C．report D．dream 4．A．somewhere B．anywhere C．nowhere D．everywhere 5．A．scared B．energetic C．happy D．caring 6．A．so B．or C．but D．and 7．A．boat B．computer C．flood D．phone 8．A．asked B．laughed C．answered D．shouted 9．A．less wonderful B．less interesting C．more important D．more difficult 10．A．divided B．covered C．stored D．avoided 五、短文填空 Passage 4 Natural disasters always lead to terrible damage. Last week, our school 1 (hold) an important disaster training for all students, 2 (include) fire escape drills and earthquake response practices. Two knowledgeable 3 (policeman) were invited to give a speech about it. One policeman said that 4 (harm) gases from fires and falling objects during earthquakes are the main dangers in disasters. 5 (sad), he told us a true story: an unlucky man was hit by a falling brick when 6 earthquake happened in his city. He 7 (bleed) badly at that time and was quickly sent to the hospital. Many other people in that area even became 8 (home) overnight. Many of us did not know how to survive those disasters. 9 , we must follow the safety rules during every drill. When we practiced how to escape, we heard a few clear 10 (voice) from the radio guiding us at every corner. Through this training, we all learned how to protect ourselves better in emergencies. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Tom and Rock are good friends. They like adventures (冒险). Last summer, they had a seven-day holiday, and they looked forward to 1 (try) something different. They decided to go sea fishing. The trip was wonderful in the beginning. The sun 2 (shine) brightly, and they saw some large sharks. At first, Tom and Rock were very 3 (excite) to see them. However, something bad happened soon. The sharks hit(撞击) their boat! 4 (sudden), water rushed in, and they were in danger. They had to jump into their lifeboat (救生艇) in 5 hurry before the boat went down into the sea. How 6 (danger)! The sharks left, and Tom and Rock were safe but 7 (lose) at sea. They didn’t know which way to go and had little food left. Luckily, they had a small machine to remove (移除) salt from seawater, making it safe for drinking. They also had a tool to fish. These things saved their 8 (life). They saw ships pass by and shouted, but no one heard. 9 the end, a fisherman found they needed help and saved them. Adventures can become disasters (灾难) 10 we forget about safety. We should all remember this lesson! Passage 6 Over the years, movies and books have used tornadoes a lot in their stories. A tornado can be very dangerous. It usually has wind speeds (速度) of about 100 metres per second, and 1 (travel) a long distance. Most tornadoes last for less than 10 minutes. 2 (sad), tornadoes kill many people every year. Scientists can’t go inside tornadoes. That means tornadoes are very hard to study. As 3 result, it is still 4 (certain) how tornadoes form and die. 5 (tell) how strong a tornado is, scientists look at how much damage it causes and show the levels on the EF-Scale 6 EF0 to EF5. For example, if a tornado only damages trees, it will be at the level of EF0, while a tornado at the 7 (strong) level of EF5 blows away buildings with a wind speed of over 100 metres per second. 8 tornadoes can happen very quickly, make sure you know what to do when facing them. When you find 9 (you) meeting a tornado, calm down and try to find a safe place inside. Put your hands over the back of your head for 10 (protect). Also, stay away from windows and heavy things, or they may fall on you. 六、选词填空 Passage 7 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整，每词或短语限用一次。 avoid   stay   easy   passport   at risk Think 20 years back when chatting face to face with loved ones far away was a dream. Nowadays, the internet has made it much 1 ! But the internet has also put us 2 . Here are the basic rules (规则) you need to know 3 safe online. 1. Keep personal information private (私密的). 4 posting personal information online. This includes your full name, phone number, address, ID or 5 number. Sometimes you may have to post this information. However, limit (限制) who can read it. you   sometimes   protect   care   be aware of 2. Be password (密码) smart! To 6 your online accounts, it’s important to use a “strong and long” password. Don’t use words that are easy to guess, like your birthday. Change it often and be 7 . 3. 8 strangers. Never meet online strangers in real life. They may cheat (欺骗) you. Only spend time online with trusted friends. 4. Ask for help. People 9 say bad things to other people online. This is cyberbullying (网络霸凌). If you find 10 in hot water, don’t answer any bad messages. Instead, turn to your parents, teachers or other trusted adults for help. Passage 8 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整。 (每词限用一次) while,  government,  we,  protect,  break,  recent,  challenge,  big,  thick,  try Fire accidents are always a great danger to people’s lives. 1 , there was a serious fire in Hong Kong. It 2 out on November 26, 2025. The fire started from scaffolding (脚手架) and spread to seven buildings in a short time. Strong winds and flammable materials (易燃材料) made the fire much 3 . Firefighters (消防员) faced many 4 during the rescue (救援). The high temperature and 5 smoke (烟) made it difficult for them to come into the buildings. However, they didn’t give up and 6 their best to save the people in danger. One firefighter even lost his life 7 fighting with the fire. The 8 took quick action after the fire. Temporary shelters (临时避难所) were opened for the hurt people, and social workers offered food and water for them. This accident teaches 9 that fire safety is very important. We should learn how to 10 ourselves from fires. Remember, a small mistake can lead to a big fire, so we must be careful at all times. 2 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $