专题04 阅读理解（议论文）（期中真题汇编）高一英语上学期人教版

**基本信息** 聚焦人与社会主题，精选数字依赖与温网科技应用前沿议论文素材，考查阅读理解核心能力，适配高一上期中检测需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|8题|主旨大意（如第1题）、细节理解（如第2题）、推理判断（如第4题）、概念应用（如第3题）|数字依赖语篇第3题考查“micro-dosing hardship”实例应用，温网科技语篇第4题引导技术与人文平衡的批判性思考，情境贴近社会热点，问题梯度符合高一思维发展水平|

专题04 阅读理解（议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·湖北襄阳第四中学·期中）Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare (噩梦). But it should not be exactly unable to be accepted. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. Though these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undoubtedly changed how we travel. But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation (航行). Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp loss in special memory and problem-solving skills. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better results. Research shows that mild stress can improve adaptability. Neuroscience (神经科学) shows that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is improved through challenging experiences. This adaptability is important for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “micro-dosing hardship”—a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 1.What is the main concern raised by the author in the first two paragraphs? A. The high cost of replacing lost smartphones. B. The growing popularity of social media worldwide. C. The failure of technology to provide efficient services. D. The rise in mental problems linked to digital dependency. 2.What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A. The meaningful engagement. B. The fast but worthless relief. C. The lack of necessary comfort. D. The decrease of thinking ability. 3.Which is a real-life application of “micro-dosing hardship”? A. Ordering take- out food after work. B. Taking the stairs instead of the lift. C. Writing an email using voice- to- text. D. Exploring a new city by using GPS. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. GPS: the unseen cost of convenience. B. Stress: the main cause of brain damage. C. Smartphones: blocks to human progress. D. Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience. 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·江西景德镇-11月·期中）This year’s Wimbledon tennis tournament (锦标赛) brought the usual mix of sunshine and rain. One major difference, however, was the absence of human line judges (裁判) for the first time in 147 years. All 300 line judges were replaced by the Hawk-Eye electronic line-calling (ELC) system. It was powered by high-speed cameras and supported by about 80 on-court assistants. This change was promoted as a big step forward. However, it quickly raised heated debate. For example, Russian player Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova had to replay a point she had clearly won, because Hawk-Eye failed to register that a ball had landed out. The new system promised more accuracy, but that didn’t automatically make it feel fair. People don’t just want the right decision; they want to know how it was made. When human judges made mistakes, they were visible and could be argued. A machine’s mistake, however, is a confusing “black box” with no one to question, which leads to frustration. Meanwhile, sports are not just about accuracy. They are entertainment. They thrive on emotion and tradition. For 147 years, line judges were part of Wimbledon’s identity. Their uniforms, gestures and even the drama of a close call added to the atmosphere. The problem at Wimbledon was not the technology itself but the way it was introduced. Hawk-Eye functioned well, but the tournament — and especially the players and fans — were not prepared. The same pattern is happening with AI and other new systems, such as customer service bots. These systems are often introduced too quickly without enough testing. When they produce unfair or unpredictable results, there is often no clear way to appeal (申诉) , and no one takes responsibility. The key questions are: Who decides? Who benefits? Who is responsible when things go wrong? Without clear answers, new technologies don’t solve problems — they create new ones. If we want technology to improve life, we can’t just replace people with machines. We need to rethink and redesign the institutions these systems are meant to serve, making use of the potential that new technology can offer. 1.What took the place of human line judges at this year’s Wimbledon? A. 80 on-court assistants. B. High-speed cameras alone. C. The Hawk-Eye ELC system. D. A specially-designed tennis ball. 2.What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A. Human judges are easy to argue with. B. People can’t question the machine’s errors. C. The machine’s mistake is hidden in a black box. D. The machine will automatically record its mistakes. 3.Why is “customer service bots” mentioned in Paragraph 6? A. To express they are more reliable than the Hawk-Eye system. B. To explain they have the same function as the Hawk-Eye system. C. To prove new technologies will cause problems once they are used. D. To show the improper introduction of new systems is a common issue. 4.Which of the following statements would the author probably agree with? A. Sports are more than going after accuracy. B. Technology should be banned from sports. C. Problems caused by the machine are unavoidable. D. Wimbledon’s human line judge tradition is outdated. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·湖北襄阳第四中学·期中）Imagine waking up one morning to find your smartphone missing. You can no longer get guided to work, order your coffee, or connect with friends. For most of us, it is a nightmare (噩梦). But it should not be exactly unable to be accepted. Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored. Though these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills. For example, GPS has undoubtedly changed how we travel. But a 2020 study found that frequent GPS users struggle more with self-guided navigation (航行). Over time, those who depended more on GPS showed a sharp loss in special memory and problem-solving skills. However, reducing dependence on these conveniences can lead to discomfort. In seeking comfort today, we might be trading away some discomfort. That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better results. Research shows that mild stress can improve adaptability. Neuroscience (神经科学) shows that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is improved through challenging experiences. This adaptability is important for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort. But this doesn’t mean we should reject comfort entirely; it’s to balance it with intentional discomfort. Think of it as “micro-dosing hardship”—a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand. These small acts are enough to reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers of ease. So, the next time you feel the pull of ease, pause. Ask yourself: Is this momentary comfort helping me grow or is it keeping me stuck? Choosing discomfort isn’t easy, but sometimes, it’s worth it. 1.What is the main concern raised by the author in the first two paragraphs? A. The high cost of replacing lost smartphones. B. The growing popularity of social media worldwide. C. The failure of technology to provide efficient services. D. The rise in mental problems linked to digital dependency. 2.What may digital conveniences cause according to the text? A. The meaningful engagement. B. The fast but worthless relief. C. The lack of necessary comfort. D. The decrease of thinking ability. 3.Which is a real-life application of “micro-dosing hardship”? A. Ordering take- out food after work. B. Taking the stairs instead of the lift. C. Writing an email using voice- to- text. D. Exploring a new city by using GPS. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. GPS: the unseen cost of convenience. B. Stress: the main cause of brain damage. C. Smartphones: blocks to human progress. D. Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了数字依赖导致的心理问题，并强调适度体验不适感对增强抗逆力的重要性。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Despite being more digitally connected than ever, we are lonelier and more anxious. Anxiety rates increased by 25% globally. Depression now affects over 280 million people worldwide. All of this is due to our growing dependence on social media and smart technologies designed to offer quick relief but often at the expense of deep, meaningful engagement, which may further cause our loss of something easy to be ignored.(尽管我们比以往任何时候都更加数字化连接，但我们更加孤独和焦虑。全球焦虑率上升了25%。抑郁症现在影响着全球超过2.8亿人。所有这些都是由于我们越来越依赖社交媒体和智能技术，这些技术旨在提供快速缓解，但往往以牺牲深入、有意义的参与为代价，这可能会进一步导致我们失去一些容易被忽视的东西。)”可知，作者在前两段中提出的主要担忧是与数字依赖相关的心理问题上升。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Though these conveniences offer short-term relief, they may weaken our thinking skills.(虽然这些便利提供了短期的缓解，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力。)”可知，数字便利可能会导致思维能力的下降。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Think of it as “micro-dosing hardship”—a series of small, manageable difficulties that keep our mental and emotional muscles strong, such as writing with a pen, or washing dishes by hand.(把它看作是“微剂量的困难”——一系列小的、可管理的困难，可以保持我们的精神和情感肌肉强壮，比如用钢笔写字，或者用手洗碗。)”可知，“微剂量的困难”指的是一系列小的、可管理的困难，这些困难可以保持我们的精神和情感肌肉强壮，如用钢笔写字或手洗碗。“走楼梯而不是乘电梯。”符合这一描述，因为它是一个小的、可管理的困难，可以锻炼我们的身体。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第四段“That is the problem: the very discomfort we avoid is often what strengthens us. Viewing stress, a kind of discomfort, as a challenge rather than a threat leads to better results. Research shows that mild stress can improve adaptability. Neuroscience (神经科学) shows that neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections — is improved through challenging experiences. This adaptability is important for developing resilience (抗逆力), a process fueled by both mental challenges and active effort.(这就是问题所在：我们避免的不适感往往正是让我们变得更强大的东西。将压力这种不适感视为挑战而非威胁会带来更好的结果。研究表明，适度的压力可以提高适应能力。神经科学表明，神经可塑性——大脑形成新连接的能力——通过挑战性的经历得到改善。这种适应能力对于培养抗逆力很重要，抗逆力是一个由心理挑战和积极努力共同推动的过程。)”可知，文章主要讨论了数字依赖导致的心理问题，并强调了适度体验不适感对于增强抗逆力的重要性。因此，一个合适的标题是“Discomfort: a hidden source of resilience.(不适感：抗逆力的隐藏来源。)”。故选D。 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高一上·江西景德镇-11月·期中）This year’s Wimbledon tennis tournament (锦标赛) brought the usual mix of sunshine and rain. One major difference, however, was the absence of human line judges (裁判) for the first time in 147 years. All 300 line judges were replaced by the Hawk-Eye electronic line-calling (ELC) system. It was powered by high-speed cameras and supported by about 80 on-court assistants. This change was promoted as a big step forward. However, it quickly raised heated debate. For example, Russian player Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova had to replay a point she had clearly won, because Hawk-Eye failed to register that a ball had landed out. The new system promised more accuracy, but that didn’t automatically make it feel fair. People don’t just want the right decision; they want to know how it was made. When human judges made mistakes, they were visible and could be argued. A machine’s mistake, however, is a confusing “black box” with no one to question, which leads to frustration. Meanwhile, sports are not just about accuracy. They are entertainment. They thrive on emotion and tradition. For 147 years, line judges were part of Wimbledon’s identity. Their uniforms, gestures and even the drama of a close call added to the atmosphere. The problem at Wimbledon was not the technology itself but the way it was introduced. Hawk-Eye functioned well, but the tournament — and especially the players and fans — were not prepared. The same pattern is happening with AI and other new systems, such as customer service bots. These systems are often introduced too quickly without enough testing. When they produce unfair or unpredictable results, there is often no clear way to appeal (申诉) , and no one takes responsibility. The key questions are: Who decides? Who benefits? Who is responsible when things go wrong? Without clear answers, new technologies don’t solve problems — they create new ones. If we want technology to improve life, we can’t just replace people with machines. We need to rethink and redesign the institutions these systems are meant to serve, making use of the potential that new technology can offer. 1.What took the place of human line judges at this year’s Wimbledon? A. 80 on-court assistants. B. High-speed cameras alone. C. The Hawk-Eye ELC system. D. A specially-designed tennis ball. 2.What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A. Human judges are easy to argue with. B. People can’t question the machine’s errors. C. The machine’s mistake is hidden in a black box. D. The machine will automatically record its mistakes. 3.Why is “customer service bots” mentioned in Paragraph 6? A. To express they are more reliable than the Hawk-Eye system. B. To explain they have the same function as the Hawk-Eye system. C. To prove new technologies will cause problems once they are used. D. To show the improper introduction of new systems is a common issue. 4.Which of the following statements would the author probably agree with? A. Sports are more than going after accuracy. B. Technology should be banned from sports. C. Problems caused by the machine are unavoidable. D. Wimbledon’s human line judge tradition is outdated. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了温布尔登网球锦标赛今年首次用鹰眼电子系统取代人类线审裁判所引发的争议，并探讨了新技术引入时需要考虑的关键问题。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“All 300 line judges were replaced by the Hawk-Eye electronic line-calling (ELC) system.(所有300名线审裁判都被鹰眼电子线审系统取代)”可知，今年温布尔登网球锦标赛上取代人类线审裁判的是鹰眼电子线审系统。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“When human judges made mistakes, they were visible and could be argued. A machine’s mistake, however, is a confusing “black box” with no one to question, which leads to frustration.(人类裁判犯错时，错误是可见的且可提出质疑；而机器的错误却是一个无人可质问的困惑“黑箱”，这种情形常引发挫败感)”可推知，人们可以对人类裁判提出质疑，但无法质疑机器的错误。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第六段中“The problem at Wimbledon was not the technology itself but the way it was introduced. hawk-Eye functioned well, but the tournament — and especially the players and fans—were not prepared. The same pattern is happening with AI and other new systems, such as customer service bots. These systems are often introduced too quickly without enough testing.(温布尔登的问题不在于技术本身，而在于它的引入方式。鹰眼系统运行良好，但这项赛事——尤其是球员和球迷——并没有做好准备。同样的模式也发生在人工智能和其他新系统上，比如客户服务机器人。这些系统往往在没有足够测试的情况下过快引入)”可知，提到“客户服务机器人”是为了说明新系统引入不当是一个普遍问题。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“Meanwhile, sports are not just about accuracy. They are entertainment. They thrive on emotion and tradition.(同时，体育不仅仅是关于准确性。它们是娱乐。它们依靠情感和传统蓬勃发展)”可知，作者认为体育还关乎娱乐、情感和传统，不仅仅是追求准确性。故选A项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（议论文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.D2.D3.B4D 进阶提升)A 主题语境01人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.A 1/1