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Unit 2 Home Sweet Home Section A (Grammar Focus-3c) · 讲义
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home
Section A (Grammar Focus-3c) (讲义 · 学生用)
课时基本信息
课题
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home — Section A (Grammar Focus-3c)
课型
语法课
年级
八年级上册
课时
第 3 课时
教材
人教版(2024)英语八年级上册(Unit 2,课本 p.15)
主题
人与自我——归纳情态动词 can / could 表达礼貌请求(requests)与请求许可(permission)的句型与答语(Grammar Focus)
教学重点
朗读 3a 四组问答并区分 R(requests 请求)与 P(permission 许可)(课本 p.15);3b 从 A-D 中选择最佳问句补全四段对话;用 can / could 就 3c 四个真实情景编对话
教学难点
Could 的两种功能切换(委婉请求他人 vs 请求许可,回答语气的差异);答语反推问句的判断依据(you can → Can/Could I ...?;I can't → Could you ...?);be careful with、go to the movies 等语块在对话中的使用
新词学习
until /ənˈtɪl/ prep. & conj. 到……时;直到……为止(p.15)
be careful with 注意;当心(p.15)
movie /ˈmuːvi/ n. 电影(p.15)
the movies 电影院;电影(go to the movies 去看电影)(p.15)
dead /ded/ adj. 不运行的;死的(p.15)
note /nəʊt/ n. 笔记;记录;便条 v. 注意;指出(p.15)
take notes 做笔记(p.15)
clean up 清扫;打扫干净(p.15)
community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区;社团(p.15)
rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ n. 垃圾(p.15)
(一)3a 标注 R 与 P:请求 vs 许可
3a Read the questions with can or could. Notice how they are answered. Then write R for requests or P for permission next to each question.(读含 can 或 could 的问句,注意答语方式,然后在每个问题旁标 R(请求)或 P(许可)。课本 p.15)
1. Could you please sweep the floor? — OK, Mum. I'll do it at once.( )
2. Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? — Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up your things first.( )
3. Can I put some flowers on the table? — Yes, good idea!( )
4. Can you help me hang up the photos? — Sure. / No problem!( )
【知识点】
两大功能判别(课本 p.15):看主语——Can/Could you please + 动词原形是请“你”做事(R 请求);Can/Could I + 动词原形是问“我”能不能做(P 许可)。答语呼应:R 的答语是做事承诺(OK, I'll do it.);P 的答语是允许与否(Yes, good idea! / Sorry, but you have to ...)。
【提示框】
一秒判别法:you please 后接动词 = 请对方干活(R);I 后接动词 = 向对方请假(P)。at once 马上、立刻,R 答语常用。
3a 参考答案:1. R(Could you ...? 请你扫地——请别人做事) 2. P(Could I ...? 我可以出去——请求允许自己做事) 3. P(Can I ...?) 4. R(Can you ...?)
(二)3b 选最佳问句补全对话
【过渡语】反过来玩:看答语猜问句,四个问句各归其位。
3b Choose the best question to complete each conversation.(选择最佳问句补全对话。课本 p.15)选项:A. Could you give me a ride to town now? B. Can I stay out until eleven? C. Mr Lake, can I use your toilet? D. Could I use your computer?
1. A: ________ B: Of course you can. Let me show you the way.
2. A: ________ B: Yes, if you are careful with it.
3. A: ________ B: No, you can't. You have a basketball game tomorrow, remember? You need a good rest.
4. A: Can I go to the movies? B: Of course. A: ________ B: I can't. I have to do some work now.
【知识点】
答语反推法(课本 p.15):答语是 Of course you can / Yes, if ... → 问句是请求许可(Can/Could I ...?);答语是 I can't. → 问句是请求对方做事(Could you ...?);until eleven 到十一点为止(until 接时间点);be careful with 小心使用;give me a ride 开车捎我一程。
【提示框】
两条线索定答案:一看 can't/can 的主语(I can't = 你请我做,你 can = 你许可我),二看名词信号(toilet→show the way、computer→careful with it)。
3b 参考答案:1. C(can I use your toilet?——问路指路,Let me show you the way. 我给你指路) 2. D(Could I use your computer?——be careful with it 当心使用) 3. B(Can I stay out until eleven?——明天有球赛需要休息,不能在外面待到十一点) 4. A(Could you give me a ride to town now?——上一句许可了看电影,这一句请求顺路接送,对方答 I can't. 我得工作)
(三)3c 情景编对话
【过渡语】把 can / could 带进四个真实生活情景里练一练。
3c Make up conversations for each setting, using can or could.(用 can 或 could 为每个情景编对话。课本 p.15)
1. You are at your friend's home. You want to call your parents, but your phone is dead.(在朋友家,手机没电了,想借电话打给父母)
2. You were sick at home yesterday. Your friend went to an English class and took notes. You want to know more about the class.(昨天生病在家,朋友去上了英语课并做了笔记,想多了解课堂内容)
3. You are holding a large box. It is difficult to open the door. Your neighbour comes.(抱着大箱子开不了门,邻居来了)
4. You and your classmates want to help clean up the community. Ask your classmates to bring gloves and rubbish bags.(想和同学一起打扫社区,请他们带手套和垃圾袋)
【知识点】
情景语言点(课本 p.15):my phone is dead 我的手机没电了(dead 表设备“不运行的”);take notes 做笔记(note 笔记);hold a large box 抱着大箱子;clean up the community 打扫社区(community 社区);rubbish bags 垃圾袋(rubbish 垃圾,不可数)。
【提示框】
选句策略:请别人帮忙做事用 Could you please ...?(2、3、4 情景);借东西、获许可用 Can/Could I ...?(1 情景借电话)——礼貌级别上 could 比 can 更客气,陌生邻居优先用 could。
3c 参考答案:1. A: Can / Could I use your phone? My phone is dead. B: Sure. / Of course. 2. A: Could you please tell me more about the English class? B: Sure, no problem. / Of course. I took notes. 3. A: Could you please help me open the door? B: Of course. / No problem. 4. A: Can / Could you please bring gloves and rubbish bags tomorrow? B: Sure. / No problem.
(四)语言点精讲
1. can / could 表请求(3a,课本 p.15):Can/Could you please + 动词原形 ...? 请你做……好吗?——could 不表过去,表更委婉的语气;肯定回答 Sure. / Of course. / No problem.;否定回答 Sorry, ... but I have to ...。
2. can / could 表许可(3a,课本 p.15):Can/Could I + 动词原形 ...? 我可以做……吗?——肯定回答 Of course you can. / Yes, good idea!;否定回答 No, you can't. / Sorry, but you have to ...(说明理由)。
3. until(3b,词表 p.15):prep. & conj. 到……时;直到……为止——Can I stay out until eleven? 我能在外面待到十一点吗?(until + 时间点;not ... until 直到……才,是九年级重点,此处了解)。
4. be careful with(3b,词表 p.15):注意;当心——Yes, if you are careful with it. 可以,如果你小心使用的话(be careful with sth 小心对待某物)。
5. dead(3b / 3c,词表 p.15):adj. 不运行的;死的——My phone is dead. 我手机没电了/死机了(die v. 死 → dead adj. → death n. 死亡)。
6. note 与 take notes(3c,词表 p.15):n. 笔记;便条——Your friend went to an English class and took notes. 你朋友去上英语课并做了笔记(take notes 做笔记)。
7. community 与 rubbish(3c,词表 p.15):clean up the community 打扫社区(community 社区;社团);rubbish 垃圾(不可数名词,a piece of rubbish 一件垃圾;take out the rubbish 倒垃圾)。
【知识点】
本课高频考点:① R 与 P 的句型判别(you please vs I);② could 与 can 的语气之别(不表过去);③ 答语反推问句(you can → Can I;I can't → Could you);④ until 接时间点;⑤ be careful with 搭配。
【提示框】
易错:Could you please opening(×)→ 动词原形;Can I staying out(×)→ stay out;No, you can't 后直接结束(×)→ 补上理由 you have to ...;dead 不是动词(die 才是“死”的动词)。
易错提醒
一秒判别法:you please 后接动词 = 请对方干活(R);I 后接动词 = 向对方请假(P)。at once 马上、立刻,R 答语常用。
两条线索定答案:一看 can't/can 的主语(I can't = 你请我做,你 can = 你许可我),二看名词信号(toilet→show the way、computer→careful with it)。
选句策略:请别人帮忙做事用 Could you please ...?(2、3、4 情景);借东西、获许可用 Can/Could I ...?(1 情景借电话)——礼貌级别上 could 比 can 更客气,陌生邻居优先用 could。
易错:Could you please opening(×)→ 动词原形;Can I staying out(×)→ stay out;No, you can't 后直接结束(×)→ 补上理由 you have to ...;dead 不是动词(die 才是“死”的动词)。
答题技巧
(详见各任务练习解题思路)
语言点归纳
语言点精讲:本课把 Unit 2 的语法主线“礼貌请求与许可”收成了两句模板:请人干活 Could you please ...?,向人请假 Can I ...?;配答先承诺或致歉。建议用 3b 做“答语反推”思维训练,用 3c 四情景做真实输出——下一课时将走进 Wenwen 一家的春节返乡故事,在家的味道里重遇这些请求句(Could you bring Wenwen her favourite snacks?)。
课堂总结
本课时(课本 p.15)为 Unit 2 的语法聚焦课,核心是 can / could 的礼貌功能:3a 朗读四组问答并标注 R(requests 请求别人做事)或 P(permission 请求别人允许自己做事)——Could you please sweep the floor? OK, Mum. I'll do it at once.(R);Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up your things first.(P);Can I put some flowers on the table? Yes, good idea!(P);Can you help me hang up the photos? Sure. / No problem!(R);3b 从 A-D 四个问句中选择最佳问句补全四段对话(1-C Mr Lake, can I use your toilet?、2-D Could I use your computer?、3-B Can I stay out until eleven?、4-A Could you give me a ride to town now?);3c 就四个生活情景编对话(在朋友家借手机打电话、向同学打听英语课笔记、抱着大箱子请邻居帮忙开门、请同学带手套和垃圾袋一起打扫社区)。
随堂笔记
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