内容正文:
Unit 1
People of Achievement
屠呦呦
三单元核心知识
一、
词性转换
crucial
ad.至关重要的;关键性的→crucially adv.关键地;
至关重要地
vital
ad.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的→adv.极其;
绝对
commit
Vt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等)i.忠于;全心全意投入
(工作、活动等)→committed adj..尽心尽力的;坚定的;
坚信的→commitment n.投入;承诺
academy
.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校→
academic adj.学业的;学术的→academically adv..学业上;
学术上
5
objective
n.目标;物体;宾语adj.客观的→object n.物体v.反对
→(@)subjective adj..主观的
6
botany
n.植物学→botanical adj..植物学的
evaluate
vt.评价;评估→evaluation n.评价;评估
8
distinct
ad.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→distinction n.清楚;清晰
boil
vt.&vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开n.沸腾;沸点→boiling
ad.沸腾的→boiled adj.煮开的
10
acknowledge
vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢→acknowledgment
n.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
analyse
vt.分析→n.分析→(pl.)analyses→analyst n.分析师;
分析家
居里夫人
Unit 1 People of Achievement
单元核心知识
一、词性转换
scientific adj..科学(上)的;
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consequence
关于科学的→scientifically
n.结果;后果
Cause
adv.合乎科学地→science
→consequent
n.科学→scientist n.
ad.随之发生的;作为结果的
Effect
n.科学家
→consequentlly
adv.结果;因此
13
conclude v.下结论;得出结论
→conclusion
apparently
0
n.结论;推论
adv.显而易见;看来;显然
→apparent
politics n.政治→politician
ad.显而易见的;明显的
n.从政者;政治家;政客
→political
20
relativity
a.与政治有关的
n.
相对论;相对性
→relative
15
ad.相对的n.亲戚
novel n.(长篇)小说
Novel
→relate v.
E=mc
→novelist
叙述;使有联系;有关联
n.小说家
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infer
16
gentle ad.温柔的;文静的
Vt.推断;推定
→gently
→inference
adv.温柔地;温和地
n.推断;推论
→inferred/inferring
(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
remarkable ad,非凡的;显著的
→remarkably
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adv.惊人地
passion n.酷爱;激情
→remark
→passionate
v.&n.谈论;评论
adj.热情的;狂热的
Unit 1 People of Achievement
单元核心知识
二
核心单词
vital
2
defeat
ad.必不可少的;
n.失败;挫败
极其重要的;
Vt.击败;战胜
充满生机的
3
evaluate
acknowledge
vt.评价;评估
vt.承认(属实、权威等)
(公开)感谢
5
encounter
6
obtain
Vt.偶然碰到;遇到
vt.(尤指经努力)获得;
n.邂逅;遭遇
赢得
vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;
流行
extraordinary
8
commit
ad.不一般的;非凡的;
vt.承诺;保证(某个人、
意想不到的
机构等)
vi.忠于;全心全意投入
(工作、活动等)
9
infer
10
circumstance
vt.推断;推定
n.条件;环境;状况
Unit 1 People of Achievement
单元核心知识
三、重点短语
with the objective
2
insist on
of (doing)
坚决要求
以(做)…为目的
Goal
wear and tear
come to power
(正常使用造成的)磨损:
(开始)掌权;上台
损耗
take up a position
0120
Position
6
sum up
Summary
担任;任职
总结;概括
get stuck
8
by chance
进入僵局;被卡住
偶然;意外地
9
lead to
10
stand up to
导致,通向
经得起;抵抗;
Future
勇敢地面对
Unit 1 People of Achievement
单元核心知识
四、核心语法
非限制性定语从句:
、
非限制性定语从句概况
非限制性定语从句是相对限制性定语从句而言的。非限制性定语与先行词的
关系并不十分密切,只是对先行词做些补充说明,即使去掉,主句的意思仍然
清楚。它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时常常单独翻译。常有who,whom,
which,whose,as,when,where等关系词引导。
关系词小贴士
who
whom
which
whose
as
when
where
即学即练1:
Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses
2
Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend
of my father's.
3 Peter,whom you met in London,is now back in Paris.
4 The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
5 They went to London,where they lived for six months.
6
We'll put off the picnic in the park until next week,when
the weather may be better.
⑦
Opposite is St.Paul's Church,where you can hear some lovely music.
3 I left on Sunday,when everyone was at home.
9As we all know,Taiwan belongs to China.
Unit 1
People of Achievement
单元核心知识
四、核心语法
非限制性定语从句:
二、两类定语从句七不同
定语从句可分为限制性和非限制性两种,它们在用法上有如下区别:
能否删除不同
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分,若删除,主句的意思则
不完整或不明确;非限定性定语从句是先行词的补充或附加说明,即使删除,
主句的意思依然清楚完整。
·Those who want to go please hand in their money tonight.(限制性,删除后意思不明确)
想去的人请今晚把钱交上来。
·This is a Chinese-English dictionary,which I borrowed from Li Ping.(非限制性,可删除)
这是一本汉英词典,我是从李平那里借的。
2
是否用逗号隔开不同
限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号分开,而
非限定性定语从句常用逗号与主句分开。
He is the man who often helps me with my study.
他就是那个经常帮助我学习的人。
I know the driver,whom you were talking with just now.
我认识那位司机,就是刚才同你说话的那位。
3
对先行词的要求不同
限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是
一个词,也可以是整个主句。
。He is one of the students who(that)have been invited.(先行词:the students)
他是被邀请的学生之一。
·He doesn't know English,which you already know.(先行词为整个主句)
他不懂英语,这一点你已知道。
E=mc
Unit 1 People of Achievement
单元核心知识
四、
核心语法
非限制性定语从句:
二、两类定语从句七不同
关系代词能否省略不同
限制性定语从句中,充当宾语的关系代词通常可省略,例如:
Are you interested in the girl(whom/who /that)you spoke to just now?
I lost the magazine (which that)I borrowed from my English teacher.
而非限制性定语从句中,即使是充当宾语的关系代词也不能省略,例如:
There was a terrible noise in midnight,which I heard and felt much frightened.
5
能否使用关系代词that不同
限制性定语从句可以用that引导,非限制性从句无论指人还是指物均不能用that,
指人用who,指物用which。例如:
I don't like the book (which that)she sent me
Do you know the girl (who that)is standing by the door?
This is Comrade Li Fen,who comes from Beijing University
She lost the English book,which was given by Alice.
能否使用关系副词why不同
引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有where和when。why只能用于限制性定语从句。例如:
·He lives a faraway village,where he can enjoy fresh air and silence.他住在一个偏远的村庄,
在那他可以享受新鲜空气和宁静。
·In the old days,when I was a child,there was no cinema in the town.过去,当我还是个孩子时,
镇上没有电影院。
when在引导一个有逗号和前面句子隔开的句子时,常被看作并列连词,其意义相当于
and then,just then,at the time等。
The meeting will be put off till the day after tomorrow,when all the comrades will be
back from the farm.会议被推迟到后天,这时所有的同志将从农场返回。
●作为关系副词,wy可引导限制性定语从句,但不能引导非限制性定语从句。若引导非限制性
定语从句,则要用for which代替why。例如:
·That is the reason why(for which)she refused your invitation..那就是她拒绝你邀请的原因。
·I had told them the reason,for which I didn't attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们,为此我没去开会。