Unit 1 People of Achievement（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Women of Achievement”单元内容，涵盖词汇（阅读、写作、变形、熟词生义）、语法（非限制性定语从句）、写作（人物介绍）及阅读训练等核心范畴，搭建了从基础词汇积累到语法规则应用再到语篇输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类细化与关联设计构建知识体系，如词汇按“阅读-写作-变形”分层，语法结合高考真题练习，写作提供三段式模板与范文。重点标注高频考点（如circumstance考查三次），易错点设“一句话辨异”（如insist虚拟与陈述语气），培养学生语言能力与思维品质，助力不同基础学生高效掌握，教师可据此精准设计教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 1 People of Achievement 词汇 一、阅读词汇 单词 1. academy n.研究院；专科院校 2. academic adj. 学业的；学术的 3. objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的 4. evaluate vt. 评价；评估 5. property n. 性质；特征；财产 6. distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 7. obtain vt.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得 vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行 8. defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 9. analyse vt. 分析 10. apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 11. substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据 12. scientific adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的 13. conclusion n. 结论；推论 14. circumstance n.条件；环境；状况 15. found vt.创建；建立；把.......建立在 16. infer vt.推断；推定 17. politician n. 从政者；政治家；政客 18. numerous adj. 众多的；许多的 19. theory n. 理论；学说 20. passion n. 酷爱；激情 21. institution n.社会公公机构；制度；习俗 22. consequence n.结果；后果 23. device n.方法；技巧；装置；仪器 24. draft n.草稿；草案 & vt.起草；草拟 短语 1. make discoveries 作出发现 2. award sth to sb 把某物授予某人 3. draw out 提取；抽出 4. stand up to 经受；抵抗；勇敢面对 5. wear and tear 磨损；损耗 6. draw a conclusion 得出结论 7. out of passion for sth 出于对某事的热爱 8. be recorded as 被记载为；被记录为 9. come to power （开始）掌权；上台 10. stand on end 竖立；直立；毛骨悚然 11. be mistaken for 被错认成…… 12. in power 当权；执政 13. make a living 谋生 14. in particular 尤其；特别 15. put forward 提出（观点、计划、理论等 2、 写作词汇： 单词 1. crucial adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 2. vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3. committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 4. acknowledge vt. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢 5. defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 6. mostly adv. 主要地；一般地 7. figure n. 数字；人物；图形；身材 v. 认为；计算 8. gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的；平缓的 9. gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 10.flee vi.&vt.迅速离开；逃跑 11.boil vt.&vi.（使）沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点 12.extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 13.remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的 短语 1. pass away 去世；逝世 2. apart from 除……之外；此外 3. sum up 总结；概括 4. get stuck 卡住；陷入；停滞不前 5. by chance 偶然；碰巧 6. insist on 坚决要求；坚持 7. make sure 确保；查明 8. be acknowledged as ... 被公认为…… 9. with the objective of ... 以……为目标 10. make contributions to 为……做出贡献 11. enter university 上大学；考入大学 12. as a consequence 因此；结果 13. make great achievements 取得巨大成就 14. under no circumstances 绝不 15. keep ... in mind 记住……；把……记在心里 三、词汇变形： 1.crucial adj. 关键性的 → crucially adv. 关键地；至关重要地 2.vital adj.必不可少的极其重要的；充满生机的→vitally /ˈvaɪtəli/adv. 极其；至关重要地→ vitality n. 活力；生命力；生机 →vitalize v. 使充满活力；激发 3. commit v. 承诺；投入 → committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的 → commitment n. 投入；奉献；承诺 4. academy n. 研究院；专科院校 → academic adj. 学术的；学业的 5. objective adj. 客观的 n. 目标 → object n. 物体；目标 v. 反对 → objectively adv. 客观地 6. botanical adj. 植物学的 → botany n. 植物学 → botanist n. 植物学家 7.evaluate v. 评价；评估 → evaluation n. 评价；评估 8.distinct adj. 清晰的；有区别的→distinction n. 差别；区分→distinctly adv. 清楚地；明显地 9.obtain v. 获得 → obtainable adj. 可获得的；能得到的 10. acknowledge v. 承认 ；致谢、感谢；告知，收到 → acknowledgement n. 承认；致谢；确认 → acknowledged adj. 公认的；被承认的 11.boil vt.&vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点→ boiling adj. 沸腾的；酷热的 n. 煮沸→ boiled adj. 煮沸过的；煮熟的 → boiler n. 锅炉；烧水壶 12.analyse v. 分析 → analysis n. 分析 → analyst n.分析者 13.apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 → apparent adj.明显的，显而易见的, 表面上的 14.substance n. 物质；实质→ substantial adj. 大量的；实质的 → substantially adv. 大体上；大幅度地 15. scientific adj. 科学的 → scientist n. 科学家 → science n. 科学 16. conclusion n. 结论；推论→conclude v. 推断；结束→ conclusive adj. 决定性的；确凿的 17.novelist n. 小说家→ novel n. 长篇小说 & adj.adj. 新奇的；新颖的 → novelty n. 新奇；新奇的事物 18.found /faʊnd/ vt. 建立；创立 → founder n. 创始人；创立者；奠基人 → foundation n. 基础；地基；基金会；创立 → foundational adj. 基础的；根本的 19.infer v. 推断；推定 → inference n. 推论；推断 20.politician n. 从政者；政治家 → politics n. 政治 → political adj. 政治的 21.theory n. 理论；学说 → theoretical adj. 理论上的；理论的 → theoretically adv.理论地 22. relativity n. 相对论；相对性 → relative adj. 相对的；相关的 n. 亲属 → relate v. 联系；有关 → related adj.adj.相关的, 有亲属关系的 → relation n.关系；亲属 23.gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的 → gentleness n. 温柔；温和 → gently adv. 轻柔地；温和地 24.passion n. 酷爱；激情 → passionate adj. 热忱的；狂热的 → passionately adv. 热情地 25. gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 → gradual adj. 逐步的 26. professor n. 教授 → profess v. 宣称；讲授 → profession n.职业, 业内人士 → professional adj. 专业的 n. 专业人士 27.remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的 → remark v. 谈论；评论；说起 n. 言论；评语→ remarkably adv. 显著地；惊人地；非常 四、熟词生义 1. obtain 熟义：vt.（努力）获得，得到 生义：vi.（风俗、规则、情形）存在，流行 例句：This custom still obtains in remote villages. 这一习俗在偏远村庄依然盛行 2. extract 熟义：vt. 提取，提炼；n. 提取物 生义：vt. 摘录，摘抄（文字） 生义 例句：Our teacher asked us to extract good sentences from the book. 老师让我们从书中挑选出精彩的句子。 3. chart 熟义：n. 图表，曲线图 生义：vt. 记录；规划、制订（计划） 例句： The exhibition charts the history of the palace. 展览记载了这座王宫的历史。 She had carefully charted her route to the top of her profession. 她周密地制订了达到她职业巅峰的行动计划。 4. novel 熟义：n. 长篇小说 生义：adj. 新奇的，新颖的 例句：He came up with a novel idea to solve his financial problems. 他想出了一个新奇的主意来解决他的经济问题。 5. apparently 熟义：adv. 明显的 / 显然地 生义：表面上（实则未必如此） 例句：He is apparently calm, but he feels nervous inside. 他表面上很镇静，但内心很紧张。 6.patent 熟义：n. 专利 生义：adj. 显而易见的（书面正式） 例句：It is a patent mistake. 这是一个明显的错误。 7.draft 熟义：n. 草稿；草案； v.起草；草拟 生义：n.穿堂风；通风气流 例句： (2021年I卷) I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand. 我正翻页准备翻下一页，但翻页时的气流把多余的书页从书架上刮了下来。 写作 句型 1. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not mine.....” Upon/On +动词-ing形式，构成介词短语，位于句首作时间状语，译为“当......时候；一......就......” 译文：当得知自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不是我的.....。” Upon / On receiving the award notice, he burst into tears with excitement. 一收到获奖通知，他激动地流下了眼泪。 2. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 固定句式：It is +n.+for sb/sth+ to do ...... 对于....来说做某事是......; it是形式主语，to do 不定式是真正的主语。for后的sb/sth是不定式的逻辑主语，若两者之间表示主动关系用to do...;若表示被动关系，则用to be done。 译文：中国的科学研究和中医药能够走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。 It is a necessary for students to master basic scientific research methods. 学生掌握基础科研方法是必要任务。 It is great progress for rural education to be valued by more people. 乡村教育被更多人重视是一大进步。 3. It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen. 固定句式：It struck sb that+从句， 译为“某人突然意识到.....;某人突然明白......”;it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。 译文：他突然意识到，照片里其他的中国男子显然对同胞的遭遇漠不关心。 It struck us that environmental protection allowed no delay. 我们突然意识到环境保护刻不容缓。 4.After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in1900. entering...... and graduating......是并列的现在分词短语作结果状语，表示与句子主语（he）之间是主动关系。 译文：又学习了一年之后，他设法通过了考试，1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。 He kept reading every day, broadening his horizons and improving his writing skills. 他坚持每日阅读，拓宽知识面、提升写作能力。 5.On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole worldmourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 固定句式：It is/was reported that......， 译为“据报道......”；it 是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。 译文：1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都在哀悼这位杰出科学家的巨大损失。 Last year, it was reported that China’s space team had successfully finished deep space exploration missions. 去年报道，我国航天团队成功完成深空探测任务。 It is reported that China has made amazing achievements in space exploration. 据报道，中国在太空探索领域取得了惊人成就。 语法 非限制性定语从句 写作 写一篇你敬佩之人的人物介绍短文 一、知识点精讲 1.commit vt.承诺；致力于；全心全意投入；犯下 ；作出决定；花（钱或时间）；把......学好记牢；把......写下来 过去式 / 过去分词 committed，现在分词 committing（双写 t） commit oneself to do sth 承诺/保证做某事 commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于/承诺做某事 （to是介词+doing） commit money/time to sth. 把钱或时间花到某事上 commit sth. to memory把....学好记牢 commit sth to paper/writing 把......写下来 commit a crime 犯罪 Both sides committed themselves to settle/settling the dispute peacefully. 双方承诺和平解决争端。 He committed himself to researching artemisinin. 他潜心研究青蒿素。 The council has committed large amounts of money to housing projects. 市政会在住宅项目上投入了大量资金。 She committed the instructions to memory. 她把指令记得很牢。 【词汇拓展】 1 committed adj. 尽心尽力的；忠诚的 be committed to sth. 致力于；全身心投入；坚定献身于 She is committed to medical research. 她致力于医学研究。 ②commitment n. 承诺；投入 make a commitment to sb. 向某人承诺 make a commitment to sth/doing sth. 承诺做某事 She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment. 她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。 The company made a commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price. 这家公司承诺保证供货质优价廉。 2.（2024-2025年考查两次）distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的 be distinct from ...... 与......不同 = be different from......= differ from...... Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct from North American jazz or blues. 牙买加的雷盖音乐完全不同于北美的爵士乐或布鲁斯音乐。 His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。 【词汇拓展】 1 distinctive有特色的，与众不同的 2 distinction n. 差别，区分；杰出，卓越 make a distinction between ......and...... 区分...... 和...... Philosophers did not use to make a distinction between arts and science. 哲学家过去习惯不把艺术和科学区别开来。 3 distinctly明显地；无疑地，确实地 【易混辨析】 distinct 1. 不一样、有区分度（= different） 2. 清晰、看得清、明显（= clear, obvious） distinctive 有特色的，能用来区分它、专属它的特征，让人一眼认出。 3.(2021年考查一次)acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等) ; (公开)感谢;告知收悉;（微笑、挥手等）致意 acknowledge doing sth/ having done sth 承认做过某事 acknowledge sth/sth as sth/ to be ... 承认某人/某物是......=be acknowledged as/to be ... It is widely /generally acknowledged that .... ......是大家公认的 He acknowledged stealing/ having stolen the old lady’s money. 他承认偷了老太太的钱。 The army sent me a postcard acknowledging my request. 军方寄给我一张明信片以确认收到了我的请求。 He is widely acknowledged to be/as the best player in the world.普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。 He saw her but refused to even acknowledge her. 他看到了她，但甚至都拒绝向她致意。 I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。 It is widely acknowledged that reading broadens our horizons. 人们普遍认为阅读能开阔眼界。 【词汇拓展】 ① acknowledged adj.公认的；被普遍认可的 ② acknowledgement n.承认；确认；感谢 in acknowledgement of 作为对……的感谢 I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement of my contribution.我收到一本赠刊，表示对我投稿的谢意。 4. insist vt. & vi.坚持；坚决要求 insist (坚决要求/主张) that...  从句用虚拟语气 insist (坚持说/认为) that...  从句用陈述语气 She insisted that the boy her wallet and that he should be sent to the police station. 她坚称那个男孩偷了她的钱包，并要求将他送往警察局。 insist on/upon(doing) sth 坚持(做)某事 He insisted on paying for the meal in return for my assistance. 他坚持要我支付餐费，以换取我的帮助。 5.（2019-2023年考查三次）circumstance n. [usualy pl.]条件:环境;状况 The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances. 本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。 The ship sank in mysterious circumstances.那艘船神秘地沉没了。 短语： in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下 I know I can trust her in any circumstance.我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。 in /under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 同义词：in that case Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好 in /under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不 位于句首，句子主谓倒装，即，谓语助动词，情态动词或be动词置于主语前。 Under no circumstances can you lend Paul any money.你无论如何都不能借钱给保罗。 类似用法的同义词： in no sense, in no case, by no means, at no time, on no account 6. （2019-2022年考查三次）consequence n.结果;后果 This decision could have serious consequences for the industry. 这项决定可能对该行业造成严重后果。 短语： as a consequence = in consequence = as a result =therefore=consequently因此；结果 He worked hard. As a consequence, he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University. as a consequence of 由于......的结果；因为......= as a result of =because of =due to=owing to =on account of =thanks to As a consequence of his hard work, he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University. 因为他的努力，他最终被南京大学录取。 【易混辨析】 as a consequence / in consequence 副词短语，表因此、结果；常放句首，后加逗号再接完整句子，用来引出事情带来的结果。 as a consequence of /in consequence 介词短语，表由于、因为；后面必须接名词、代词或动名词，用来引出造成结果的原因。 二、核心语法精讲 非限制性定语从句 （一）.复习定语从句的基础知识 I.定义：在复合句中做定语的从句叫定语从句。 II.位置：位于名词或代词之后。 III.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 The book that my mother bought is helpful to me. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 IV.关系词：引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词。分为关系代词和关系副词。 1.关系代词及其在从句中的成分： 关系代词 指人 指物 在从句中的成分 主语 宾语 定语 who √ √ √ whom √ √ that √ √ √ √ which √ √ √ whose √ √ √ 2.关系副词及其在从句中的成分： 关系副词 地方 时间 原因 在从句中的成分 地点状语 时间状语 原因状语 where √ √ when √ √ why √ √ 注意：关系词代替先行词在从句中作成分。 V.定语从句解题策略 1.根据定语从句的位置（名词或代词后），确定是定语从句。 2.判断从句中是否缺少主语，宾语或定语，若缺少，则考虑是关系代词，根据指人，还是指物，确定关系代词。 3.如果从句中不缺少主语，宾语或定语，则考虑关系副词，根据先行词是表示地方，时间还是原因，选择相应的关系副词。 （二）.非限制性定语从句 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 I.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 名称 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 位置 紧跟先行词（名词或代词）后 位于主句首（as），主句中，主句末 作用 与先行词关系紧密，不可缺少，删除后，主句意义不完整 对先行词或整个主句补充说明，关系不密切，删除后句意仍清晰 结构 定语从句与主句之间无逗号 定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开 先行词 名词、代词、名词词组 名词 ，名词词组 ，主句整句话 关系词 关系代词在从句中做宾语时可省略 关系代词在从句中做宾语时不可省； 不用that，why 1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. 他们测试了数百种在中国临床试验中显示出抗病潜力的医疗疗法。 （限制性定语从句，先行词是treatments） 2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered as one of the highest international honours a person can receive. 屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖，该奖项被视为个人所能获得的最高国际荣誉之一。 （非限制性定语从句，位于句末，先行词是the Nobel Prize） 3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. 屠呦呦前往疟疾更为常见的海南省，对疟疾病例进行研究。 （非限制性定语从句，位于句中，先行词是Hainan） 4. Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 随后，该药物在疟疾患者中进行了测试，其中大多数患者均康复。 （非限制性定语从句，位于句末, 先行词是malaria patients） ⑤．The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad． 这部小说很有意思,这让我很高兴. (非限制性定语从句,位于句末，先行词是前面整句话) II.非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法 1.关系代词的用法 关系代词 指代对象 从句成分 特殊点 which 物 / 整个主句 主、宾 可指代整件事，不能放句首 who 人 主、宾 作宾语 （非正式英语） whom 人 宾语 介词提前只能用 whom whose 人、物 定语 表 “…… 的”，后接名词 as 主句整件事 主、宾 可放句首，句中，句末 The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin. 这本书讲述了亚历山大·弗莱明发现青霉素的故事。 （非限制性定语从句，who指代先行词Alexander Fleming（人），在从句中做主语） There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control. 对于琳达的处境，我们完全无能为力——她的遭遇完全超出了我们的掌控范围。 （非限制性定语从句，whose指代先行词Linda（人），在从句中做定语，相当于Linda's，修饰circumstances） The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J. k. Rowling, which we were inspired a lot by . 老师让我们聆听他最喜爱的小说家J.K.罗琳的演讲，这给我们带来了极大的启发。 （非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词speech（物），在从句中做介词by的宾语） I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me. 我被要求借助流程图来解释该项目，这对我来说是个巨大的挑战。 （非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句，在从句中做主语） As everyone knows, China is the largest developing country in the world. 众所周知，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。 （非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句），在从句中做宾语） As is reported today，more young people devote themselves to agricultural research. 据今日报道，越来越多年轻人投身农业研究。 （非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句，在从句中做主语） 注意： ⑴.关系代词that不引导非限制性定语从句。 ⑵.which和as的区别 He forgot to bring his pen with him yesterday, as we expected. 他昨天忘带笔了，正如我们预料的那样。 The novel,which I read last night, is very interesting．我昨晚读的这本小说非常有趣。 As we all know, exercise keeps people healthy and energetic. 众所周知，运动使人健康、精力充沛。 He changed his mind, which made me quite angry. 他改变了主意，这让我很生气。 as which 指代 指代整个主句的内容 指代整个主 句 的 内 容,又 可 指 代 主句的一部分，或者一个词或词组 位置 可位于主句前、中或后 引导的从句不能位于主句前 意义 译为“正如;就像” 译为“这” as 常见搭配 as is known to all； 众所周知 as is expected 正如所预料的那样 as we expected 正如我们所期待的 as has been mentioned above正如上面所提到的 as is reported / said正如报道/所说的那样 as you know 正如你所知道的那样 【练一练】用which和as填空 ①.Travelling by boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived. ②. As he writes in his new book , A Long Way Home , Brierley couldn’t help but wonder about his hometown back in India . ③.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week , which my classmates recommend to me. ④.The number of smokers , as is reported , has dropped by 17 percent in just one year . ⑶.介词+关系代词的用法 ① 代词+of +which/whom 常见的结构有：most/both/all/each/some/neither/ none +of+which/whom 先行词是人 → of whom She has three roommates, all of whom love reading. 她有三个室友，她们都热爱阅读。 He has two sons, neither of whom works at home. 他有两个儿子，都没在国内工作。 先行词是物 → of which There are many books, none of which are about biology. 这里有很多书，没有一本是关于生物学的。 She collected dozens of stamps, each of which has a special story. 她收藏了几十张邮票，每一张都有独特的故事。 ② the +n.+of +which/whom = whose+n. 先行词为事物 → of which I bought a new house, the window of which faces the sea. =I bought a new house, whose window faces the sea. 我买了一栋新房，房子的窗户面朝大海。 先行词为人 → of whom I respect my teacher, the advice of whom always helps me. = I respect my teacher, whose advice always helps me. 我很尊敬我的老师，他的建议总能帮到我。 ③数词+of +which/whom 先行词是人 → of whom Twenty students took part in the contest, five of whom got prizes. 二十名学生参加比赛，其中五人获奖。 先行词是物 → of which He planted hundreds of trees, twenty of which are apple trees. 他种了几百棵树，其中二十棵是苹果树。 2. 关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的成分 where 地点名词 地点状语 when 时间名词 时间状语 注意：why 不引导非限制性定语从句，但可用 for which 来代替。 【练一练】用适当的关系副词填空 They went to London, where they lived for six months. He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will stay with his family. He told us the real reason, for which he left his hometown. 【高考真题练】 用正确的关系词填空。 1.（2026一卷）Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands _________ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2.（2026二卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 3.（2025一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 4.（2025二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,____________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 5.（2024一卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route__________brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 6.（2024二卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 7.（2022一卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 8.（2021二卷）I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 9.（2020一卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is extremely challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 10.（2020三卷）In ancient China lived an artist. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. 答案：1.that/which 2.which 3.which 4.where 5.that/which 6.who 7.that 8. that 9.where 10.whose 【解析】 1.that/which考查定语从句/关系代词。分析句子结构可知，空白处引导定语从句修饰先行词stands，先行词为物，且关系代词在从句中作主语，故填that或 which。 2.which考查定语从句。空白处所在的从句是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作介词 of的宾语，指代先行词positions，故填which。 3.which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处前是完整的句子，再根据空白处前的逗号以及空白处所在句缺主语可知，此处需要引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语的关系代词。先行词Go是物，故填which。 4.where 此处考查定语从句。空白处所在句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，the countryside of Zhejiang,China 作为先行词表示地点，空白处在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。 5.that/which此处考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在从句中作主语的关系代词。先行词为the Silk Route，故填that/which. 6.who 此处考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处所在的从句是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代先行词Tang Xianzu，故填关系代词who。 7.that 此处考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，此处缺少定语从句关系代词，它在句中作主语，先行词由all修饰时，关系词一般用that。 8.考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ____59____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。 9.where 此处缺少引导定语从句的连接词where。spot作为先行词表示地点，空白处所填的词在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where。 10.whose本句为含有定语从句的主从复合句。先行词artist是人，与paintings为所属关系，故填入作定语的关系代词whose。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 1) 写作主题 介绍一位你敬佩的杰出人物，贴合单元主题 People of Achievement，人物可选择科学家、医者、为国奉献的伟人（袁隆平、屠呦呦、钟南山等）。 2) 文体类型 人物介绍类说明文，以记叙 + 评价为主，词数要求80词左右，高考应用文常考题型。 3) 写作核心要求 基础信息：身份、生平核心经历； 关键事迹：他付出的努力、取得的突破性成就； 情感升华：你敬佩他的理由、带给你的启发； 语法硬性加分：熟练使用非限制性定语从句（本单元核心语法）、过去分词作定语、高级固定搭配。 2.写作框架（三段式万能模板） 第一段：开篇点题，引出人物（1–2 句） 开门见山说明你最敬佩的人是谁，简单介绍身份，使用非限制性定语从句开篇加分。 第二段：主体叙事，详述事迹（3–4 句） 早年付出：数十年坚持、无数次失败、艰苦的研究环境； 核心成就：做出了怎样世界性的贡献； 外界影响：造福人类、获得荣誉。 第三段：结尾升华，表达感悟（2 句） 说明敬佩的原因，结合自身谈启示：我们应当学习他的坚持、无私、执着，树立奋斗目标。 3.写作素材 一）、高级词汇 vital adj. 至关重要的 devote v. 致力于 → devoted adj. 专注无私的 breakthrough n. 重大突破 accumulate v. 积累（经验、数据） fruitful adj. 富有成效的 insist on 坚持 extraordinary adj. 非凡的 circumstance n. 艰苦环境 inspire v. 激励 contribute to 促成；为…… 做贡献 二）、短语 devote oneself to doing sth 全身心投身于 make a great breakthrough 取得重大突破 under difficult circumstances 在艰苦条件下 make contributions to humanity 为人类做贡献 lead to great changes 带来巨大改变 spare no effort to do 不遗余力做某事 pass through countless failures 历经无数失败 三）、模板句型 1）开篇引入人物句型（作文第一段） The figure I respect most is …, who has achieved remarkable accomplishments in science.（非限制性定语从句） 我最敬佩的人是……，他在科学领域取得了卓越成就。 As far as I’m concerned, … is the most admirable person I have ever known. 在我看来，…… 是我认识过最值得敬佩的人。 When talking about people of achievement, the first person that comes to my mind is …. 谈及杰出人物，我第一个想到的人就是……。 2）描述人物艰苦付出句型（作文第二段主体） ① 非限制性定语从句（本单元必考语法） He worked in simple labs for decades, which laid a solid foundation for his final success. 他在简陋实验室耕耘数十年，这为他最后的成功打下坚实基础。 …, whom the whole nation respects, never gave up even after hundreds of failures. 举国敬重的……，即便历经上百次失败也从未放弃。 As we all know, hardship can shape a great mind, which perfectly fits his life story. 众所周知，磨难造就伟大灵魂，这一点完美契合他的人生。 ② 分词作状语高级句型 Faced with endless challenges, he still stuck to his original research goal. 面对无尽挑战，他依旧坚守最初的研究目标。 Having spent years on repeated tests, he finally spotted the key solution. 历经多年反复试验，他终于找到了关键突破口。 ③ 倒装句型（提分亮点） Under no circumstances would he give up his research no matter how tough things were. 无论处境多艰难，他绝不放弃研究。 Only through years of persistent efforts could he make such a vital breakthrough. 唯有长年不懈坚持，他才能取得如此关键的突破。 3）结尾感悟升华句型（第三段收尾） ① 定语从句 I hope I can grow into a person like him, who chases dreams and serves society selflessly. 我希望能成长为像他一样追逐理想、无私奉献社会的人。 The spirit that he carries will guide me forward, which I will keep in mind forever. 他身上的精神将指引我前行，我会永远铭记于心。 2 强调句型 It is his perseverance and selflessness that make him my lifelong role model. 正是他的坚持与无私，让他成为我一生的榜样。 From his experience, I realize that it is through constant hard work that we can gain something valuable. 从他的经历中我意识到，唯有持之以恒的努力，我们才能收获有价值的东西。 ③ as 引导非限经典句 As is often the case, great achievements never come easily. 一如常理，伟大的成就从不会轻易降临。 As is reported in textbooks, his devotion deserves all our admiration. 正如课本所记载，他的奉献值得我们所有人敬佩。 4.范文背诵 范文 1 The Person I Admire Most The person I admire most is Yuan Longping, who is known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. He devoted all his life to rice research. Under tough circumstances, he accumulated data and insisted on experiments year after year. Finally, he developed hybrid rice, which greatly increased rice output around the world. His fruitful research helped solve food shortages for billions of people, making a vital difference to global agriculture. I respect him deeply because he never cared about fame or money. As far as I am concerned, his perseverance inspires me greatly. From him, I learn that only by sticking to our dreams can we make valuable contributions to society. 范文 2 A Great Figure I Look Up To When talking about people of achievement, the first person that comes to my mind is Tu Youyou, who is a distinguished medical scientist. Faced with poor research conditions, Tu Youyou spent decades studying traditional Chinese medicine, in which she sought cures for malaria. She did thousands of trials and accumulated medical data, which laid the foundation for her success. Only through long efforts did she discover artemisinin, a vital drug saving millions worldwide. She cared little about fame, which impresses me deeply. It is her perseverance and selflessness that make her my role model. I hope to become someone like her, who pursues dreams and serves people selflessly. From her, I learn great achievements never come without hard work. We teenagers should learn from her to realize our value. 易错点01 insist 引导从句用虚拟语气和陈述语气 【一句话辨异】He insisted that he didn't steal money and that we should apologized to him.他坚持认为他没有偷钱，并坚持要求我们应该向他道歉。 【错因辨析】 1. insist that +从句：表示 “坚持要求”：从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 (should) +动词原形。 The scientist insisted that we (should) continue the research day and night. 这位科学家坚决要求我们日夜继续这项研究。 My teacher insisted that I (should) pay attention to those word fixed collocations. 老师执意要求我留意这些单词固定搭配。 2. insist that+从句：表示“坚持认为；坚持说”，从句用陈述语气，时态随主句。 He insisted that his discovery was of great medical value. 他坚称自己的发现具备重大医学价值。 Tu Youyou insisted that traditional Chinese medicine played an important role in curing malaria. 屠呦呦坚持认为中医药在治疗疟疾中起到关键作用。 【对点训练】 1. The workers insisted that they ______ enough for the extra work. A. paid B. be paid C. would pay D. were paid 【答案】 B 【解析】 insist 此处表 “坚决要求”，从句用虚拟 (should) do；工人是 “被支付薪水”，被动 (should) be paid，省略 should ，故填 be paid。 2. He insisted that he ______ right and refused to apologize. A. be B. was C. should be D. were 【答案】 B 【解析】insist 翻译 “坚称自己没错”，是陈述客观看法，不用虚拟；主句过去式 insisted，从句用一般过去时 was。 3. The doctor insisted that she ____ seriously ill and that she ____ on immediately. A. was; operate B. be; be operated C. was; be operated D. be; operate 【答案】C 【解析】翻译：医生坚称她病得很重，并且要求立刻给她做手术。 第一个 that从句：insist 表 “断定、认为”，陈述事实，不用虚拟；主句过去式 insisted，从句用一般过去时 was； 第二个 that从句：insist 表 “要求”，虚拟语气，她 “被手术”，应该用 (should) be operated，should可以省略，故填 be operated. 易错点02 under no circumstance 与部分倒装 【错因辨析】 1. under no circumstances 绝不，无论如何都不 语义自带否定含义，属于高考四大类否定前置倒装标志词之一。 同类否定短语：in no way, by no means, on no account, at no time （写作高频短语）under no circumstances 置于句首，句子主谓部分倒装,即谓语助动词（do/does/did/will/has/have/had/would),情态动词，或be动词放于主语前。 Under no circumstances does he ignore the advice from our teachers. 我们绝不能忽视老师的忠告。 Under no circumstances did he admit his mistakes back then. 那时候他无论如何都不肯承认自己的错误。 Under no circumstances can we give up the research. 在任何情况下我们都不能放弃这项研究 Under no circumstances is she willing to betray her friends. 她绝不会背叛自己的朋友。 2.under no circumstances 短语放在句中、句末，不倒装 句子主语在前，under no circumstances 作状语放中间 / 末尾，语序正常。 We can under no circumstances give up the research. 在任何情况下我们都不能放弃这项研究。 We can give up the research under no circumstances. 在任何情况下我们都不能放弃这项研究。 【对点训练】 使用部分倒装，翻译下列句子。 1.无论如何你都不能忽视实验数据。 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2.他绝不接受不公平条件。 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3.我从来没有对老师撒过谎。 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.Under no circumstances can you ignore the experiment data. 2.Under no circumstances did he accept unfair conditions. 3.Under no circumstances have I lied to my teacher. 【解析】 1. under no circumstances 置于句首，含否定语义，句子部分倒装，句中有情态动词can提前到主语 you 前面；ignore v. 忽视；experiment data 实验数据； 正常句式：You can under no circumstances ignore the experiment data.（短语居中，正常语序） 2. 时态为一般过去时，主语 he，无现成情态动词，倒装需加助动词 did 提前；did 提前后，后面实义动词用原形。 正常句式：He under no circumstances accepted unfair conditions. 3.句子为现在完成时，助动词 have 提前构成部分倒装； lie to sb 对某人撒谎，过去分词为 lied（易混：lay 放置，lain 躺）； 正常句式：I have under no circumstances lied to my teacher. 易错点03 独立主格结构作状语和分词短语做状语 【错因辨析】 1.独立主格结构做状语 分词做状语时，有自己独立的逻辑主语，和主句主语不是同一个；必须在分词前补上名词 / 代词，构成“名词 / 代词 + doing/done”，这一组整体叫独立主格结构，相当于状语从句或者并列句。 基本结构：（逻辑主语）名词 / 代词 + 分词 (doing/done)，位于句首或句末，有逗号与主句隔开。 独立主格结构的用法： 1）名词/代词 + doing 表示动词与名词之间是主动关系、或动作正在进行。 The weather being fine, we went on with our research. =The weather was fine and we went on with our research. 天气很好，我们继续开展研究。 1 独立主格：The weather being fine（逻辑主语 weather） 2 主句：we went on with our research（主句主语 we） 两个主语不一样，不能直接写 Being fine, we went…（逻辑主语变成 we，语义错误） It raining heavily, we stayed indoors all day. =It rained heavily, so we stayed indoors all day. 雨下得很大，我们一整天都待在屋里。 Raining的逻辑主语与主句主语we不一致，所以要加上自己的逻辑主语it。 2）名词/代词 + done 表示动词与名词或代词之间是被动关系，或者动作已完成。 All the homework finished, we went home happily. 所有作业都写完了，我们高兴地回家了。 = Because all the homework was finished, we went home happily. 3）名词/代词+being done 表示动词与名词或代词之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，多用于原因、伴随状语 His car being repaired, he took the bus to work. 他的车正在维修，所以他坐公交上班。 =His car was being repaired, so he took the bus to work. Their plan being discussed, no one knew the result. 他们的方案正在被讨论，没人知道结果。 =Their plan was being discussed, and no one knew the result. 2.分词（doing/done）短语做状语（2018-2026年考六次） 表示分词的逻辑主语与主句主语是同一个，常常位于主句前或后，常有逗号隔开作状语，相当于状语从句或者并列句。 Seeing the valuable data, Tu Youyou felt excited. 看到珍贵的数据，屠呦呦很激动。 =When she saw the valuable data, Tu Youyou felt excited. 逻辑主语是主句主语：Tu Youyou，是 “看见” 的发出者，表示主动关系，用 doing。 Seen from the top, the lab looks tiny. 从楼顶看，实验室很小。 =When it is seen from the top, the lab looks tiny. 逻辑主语 the lab，与see之间是被动关系，“被看”，用 done。 【对点训练】 1.（2026一卷）In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. ____________(draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands that serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2.（2022·一卷） （cover）an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 3.（2021二卷）In the seventh grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, (think) it is food. 4.（2019三卷）On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 5.The manager ________ the meeting early, all workers left early. A. finishing B. finished C. being finished D. to finish 【答案】 1.Drawn 2. Covering 3. thinking 4.listening 5.A 【解析】 1.Drawn考查非谓语动词做状语。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为line up，空白处应为非谓语动词作状语，draw与逻辑主语they之间为被动关系(他们被香味吸引)，需用-ed形式表被动，空白处位于句首，故填Drawn。 2.第一空是Covering 此处考查非谓语动词。... Yellowstone National Park 在句中作状语，主语the GPNP与动词cover为主动关系，因此此处应填动词-ing形式 covering。 3.考查非谓语动词做状语。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，____ ____ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。 4.listening 考查非谓语动词做伴随状语，主语we与listen为主动关系，故用动词-ing作状语。 5.考查独立主格结构。句意：因为经理结束会议早，所有工人早早离开了。逗号后是主句，并且逗号后没有并列连词，所以空处应作状语，表示原因；逻辑主语 the manager 和 finish 是主动关系（经理结束会议），用 doing； 选项错因： B finished：被动，不能说 “经理被结束”； C being finished：被动进行，逻辑不通； D to finish：不定式表目的 / 将来，此处表伴随，不合适。 一、默写重点单词 1.___________________ n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的 2.___________________ adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 3.___________________ vt.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得 vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行 4.___________________ adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 5.___________________ adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的 6.___________________ n. 结论；推论 7.___________________ n. 酷爱；激情 8.___________________ adj. 不一般的；非凡的 9. ___________________ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 10.___________________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 11. ___________________ vt. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢 12. ___________________ n. 数字；人物；图形；身材 v. 认为；计算 【答案】1. 1.objective 2.distinct 3.obtain 4.apparently 5.scientific 6.conclusion 7.passion 8.extraordinary 9. crucial 10.committed 11. acknowledge 12. figure 二、词汇运用 1. Beyond visitor interaction, AI plays a ____________(至关重要的) role in preserving priceless artworks. 2. First, you need to ____________（评估；评价） yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. 3. A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to __________（获得） drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. 4.Her years of hard work have finally been ____________（认可）after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. 5.But our ____________（坚持） it’s merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door. 6.One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, ____________（建立；创建）in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world 7. When he brings his speech to a nice ____________（结束）, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. 8.The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of ____________（科学的） research. 9.But for me, it was the first challenge I ____________（遇到） as an international student in Ireland. 10.After two years, the second group saw_____________(显著的) improvements in heart health. 【答案】1. crucial/vital 2. evaluate 3.obtain 4.acknowledged 5.insisting 6.founded 7.conclusion 8.scientific 9.encountered 10.remarkable 三、重点句型 1. _______________________ the news, he rushed out. (upon/on doing) 一听到这条消息，他就冲了出去。 2.________________________________ children ______________ the busy street. (It be +adj+for sb +to do ...) 对孩子来说，穿过繁忙的街道危险。 3. He__________________________________ one of the richest men in Europe. (be thought to do ) 他被认为是欧洲最富有的人之一。 4.Many students gathered around the knowledgeable professor after class, ________________________________ _________________________. (现在分词短语作伴随状语) 下课后许多学生围在博学的教授身边，提出各类问题，一同探讨难懂的语法知识点。 5.______________________________ many wild animals have returned to the forest. 据报道，许多野生动物重新回到了这片森林。 【答案】 1. Upon/On hearing 2.It is dangerous for ; to cross 3.is thought to be 4.raising different questions and discussing difficult grammar points together 5.It is reported that 四、课文语法填空 Tu Youyou is a 1. ______ (devote) and outstanding scientist who greatly contributed to global medical progress and human health. She won the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for her groundbreaking discovery of artemisinin, 2._____________ powerful drug effective for the treatment of deadly malaria across the world. Malaria was an extremely severe infectious disease 3._____________ troubled millions of people, 4._________(especial) residents in poor tropical and subtropical areas. In 1967, encountering the rampant spread of malaria, Chinese researchers started urgent research work, faced with extremely backward experimental conditions and insufficient research funds. Many failed 5.___________(attempt) and repeated setbacks never stopped Tu Youyou before she found a key therapeutic method from ancient Chinese medical classics. The unique method 6. ______ (record) in ancient texts effectively helped her team break through numerous technical difficulties. After hundreds of times of continuous exploration and repeated experiments, Tu’s team achieved major scientific success in 1971. To strictly guarantee the drug’s safety, she made a firm decision to test the new medicine personally on 7._______(she) before clinical application for ordinary patients. Up to now, artemisinin 8.____________(save) countless precious lives worldwide and greatly lowered the mortality rate of malaria. Throughout her scientific career, Tu Youyou always sticks to her original aspiration, 9._________(focus) solely on medical research and ignoring fame and fortune. Her persistent and dedicated scientific spirit encourages countless generations of young researchers to keep moving forward and make greater contributions 10.__________ global medical undertakings. 【答案】 1.devoted 2.a 3.that/which 4.especially 5.attempts 6.recorded 7.herself 8.has saved 9.focusing 10.to 【解析】 1. devoted 考查形容词作前置定语 解析：空格修饰名词 scientist，需要形容词。devote 是动词 “奉献”；devoted 为形容词，意为 “敬业的、全身心投入的”，专门用来形容人，符合 “屠呦呦是一位敬业杰出的科学家” 语境。 2. a 考查不定冠词，表示泛指 解析：逗号后是同位语，用来解释 artemisinin（青蒿素），含义是 “一种强效药物”，表泛指；powerful 以辅音音素 /p/ 开头，故用不定冠词 a。 3. that / which 考查定语从句关系代词 解析：先行词是 disease（事物），空格引导限制性定语从句，且从句缺少主语，指代物可用 that 或 which。 4. especially考查形容词变副词，副词作状语 解析：空格后接名词 residents，此处用来补充强调，修饰后面的名词短语要用副词。especial 是形容词 “特别的”，副词形式 especially 意为 “尤其，特别”。 5. attempts 考查可数名词复数 解析：many（许多）后必须搭配可数名词复数；attempt 是可数名词，表 “尝试”，复数形式为 attempts。 6. recorded 考查过去分词作后置定语 解析：本句谓语动词是 helped，空格为非谓语。method（方法）和 record（记录）是被动关系：方法 “被记录” 在古籍中，用过去分词 recorded 表被动、完成。 7. herself 考查反身代词 解析：句子主语为 she，动作 test 作用在主语本人身上，表示 “在自己身上测试药物”，固定搭配 on oneself，因此填反身代词 herself。 8. has saved 考查现在完成时 解析：Up to now（迄今为止）是现在完成时标志性时间状语，强调动作从过去持续到现在，并带来持续影响；主语 artemisinin 为单数，助动词用 has，save 变过去分词 saved。 9. focusing 考查现在分词作伴随状语 解析：主句已有谓语 sticks，无并列连词，空格为非谓语。主语 Tu Youyou 和 focus 是主动关系，同时后文并列 ignoring 也为现在分词，结构对称，故填 focusing。 10. to 考查固定介词搭配 解析：高考高频固定短语 make contributions to sth. 意为 “为…… 作出贡献”，此处 to 是介词，固定不变。 五、阅读理解 A Hua Chunying, born in April 1970 in Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, is one of the most outstanding and influential female diplomats in modern China. From an excellent student to a senior foreign affairs official, she has spent more than 30 years dedicating herself to China’s diplomatic cause, showing the elegance, wisdom and firm stance of Chinese female diplomats to the world. Graduating from Nanjing University with outstanding academic performance, she entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China in 1993, starting her lifelong diplomatic career. In the early stage of her career, Hua Chunying took multiple important diplomatic positions. She worked in the Western European Department of the Foreign Ministry, the Chinese Embassy in Singapore and the Chinese Mission to the European Union. These overseas work experiences helped her accumulate rich international communication experience, broaden her global vision, and deepen her understanding of international relations and complex global situations. She always handled various diplomatic affairs carefully and professionally, winning wide recognition from colleagues at home and abroad. In 2012, Hua Chunying began to serve as a Foreign Ministry spokesperson, becoming the fifth female spokesperson in China’s diplomatic history. For nearly a decade, she stood at the front line of China’s public diplomacy. Facing tricky and sharp questions from global media, she always responded calmly, politely and powerfully. She firmly safeguarded China’s national interests and national dignity with precise words, rational logic and graceful manners, breaking prejudice and misunderstanding against China from Western public opinion. With steady professional ability and excellent diplomatic literacy, Hua Chunying has been promoted continuously. She once served as Director-General of the Information Department and Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs, and now holds the position of Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs. As a distinguished female diplomat of the post-1970s generation, she has become a vivid symbol of China’s confident and open diplomatic image. Her wisdom, perseverance and sense of mission inspire countless young people to pursue dreams and serve the country. 1. What can we infer about Hua Chunying from Paragraph 1? A. She started her diplomatic work right after high school B. Excellent academic foundation supported her career C. She dreamed of being a diplomat since childhood D. She became famous immediately after graduation 2. It can be learnt from Paragraph 2 that ______. A. Overseas working experience benefited her diplomatic ability greatly B. She only worked in European countries in her early career C. Diplomatic affairs abroad are always simple and easy to handle D. Foreign colleagues doubted her professional ability at first 3. What can we know about Hua Chunying’s work as a spokesperson? A. She often lost her patience when facing tough questions B. Her responses helped improve China’s international image C. Western media had no prejudice against China before D. Being a spokesperson is the easiest diplomatic job 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The development of China’s foreign spokesperson system B. How to become an excellent senior diplomat in China C. The difficulties of Chinese female diplomats in international work D. Hua Chunying’s life experience and great diplomatic contributions 【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 【解析】 1. B 推理判断题 根据文中第一段Hua Chunying, born in April 1970 in Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, is one of the most outstanding......diplomatic career（华春莹，1970年4月生，江苏淮安人，是中国近代最杰出、最具影响力的女外交官之一。从一名优秀的学生到一名高级外交官员，她用30多年的时间致力于中国的外交事业，向世界展示了中国女外交官的优雅、智慧和坚定立场。她以优异的成绩毕业于南京大学，1993年进入中国外交部工作，开始了她一生的外交生涯。）可知，她毕业于南京大学、学业优异，随后进入外交部开启外交生涯。可合理推断，良好的学业基础为她的职业道路提供了有力支撑。A、C、D原文无依据，无法推出。 2. A 推理判断题 根据第二段In the early stage of her career, Hua Chunying took multiple important diplomatic positions. She worked in the Western European Department of the Foreign Ministry, the Chinese Embassy in Singapore ......colleagues at home and abroad.(华春莹在职业生涯早期曾担任多个重要外交职务。曾任职于外交部西欧司、中国驻新加坡大使馆和中国驻欧盟使团。这些海外工作经历帮助她积累了丰富的国际交流经验，开阔了她的全球视野，加深了她对国际关系和复杂国际形势的理解。她始终认真、专业地处理各项外交事务，赢得了国内外同事的广泛认可。)可知，海外经历让她积累交流经验、拓宽视野、加深对国际关系的理解，且工作专业广受认可。由此可推，海外工作极大提升了她的外交能力。B表述绝对、C与复杂的国际局势相悖、D无中生有。 3. B 推理判断题 根据第三段For nearly a decade, she stood at the front line of China’s public diplomacy. Facing tricky and sharp questions from global media, she always responded calmly, politely and powerfully. She firmly safeguarded China’s national interests and national dignity with precise words, rational logic and graceful manners, breaking prejudice and misunderstanding against China from Western public opinion.（近十年来，她一直站在中国公共外交的第一线。面对全球媒体刁难尖锐的问题，她总是冷静、礼貌、有力地回应。她以精准的语言、理性的逻辑、优雅的举止，坚定地维护了中国的国家利益和民族尊严，打破了西方舆论对中国的偏见和误解。）可知，她从容应对外媒尖锐问题，捍卫国家利益、打破西方偏见。可推断，她的发言工作有效改善、提升了中国的国际形象。A与calm相悖，C、D与原文事实相反。 4. D 主旨大意题 全文围绕华春莹展开，介绍了她的求学经历、职业成长、海外工作、发言人任职经历及外交贡献，B选项完整概括全文内容。A、D范围过大，C片面，均不能概括主旨。 B Jane Austen is one of the most respected and influential female novelists in British literary history. Born in 1775 in a small rural town in England, she grew up in a warm and educated family. Unlike most women of her era who received little formal education, Austen was encouraged by her father to read widely and learn literature. From an early age, she showed extraordinary talent in observing social customs and human nature, laying a solid foundation for her future writing career. At the end of the 18th century, British society was strictly stratified, and women’s social roles were greatly limited. Few female writers could gain public recognition. However, Jane Austen insisted on writing quietly in her spare time. She focused her works on ordinary middle-class daily life, describing sincere emotions, reasonable values and independent attitudes towards marriage. Her writing style is gentle, humorous and sharp, exposing the social prejudice and utilitarian marriage views of her time. Pride and Prejudice is her most representative masterpiece. The book breaks the traditional romantic writing of that age, advocating equal communication, mutual respect and spiritual compatibility between men and women. Apart from this classic novel, she also created several excellent works such as Sense and Sensibility and Emma. Unfortunately, most of her works were published anonymously during her lifetime, because female writers were often underestimated at that time.They mostly dare not use their own names.Readers could enjoy her wonderful stories without knowing who created them. Only years after her death did people learn the true writer behind those popular novels. Jane Austen passed away at the age of 41, but her works have never faded with time. Her novels have been translated into dozens of languages and adapted into movies and TV series repeatedly. She proved that women could achieve great literary success with independent thinking and exquisite writing skills. Today, she is still regarded as a model of female self-improvement, inspiring countless readers to pursue true love and spiritual independence. 5. What can we know about women’s education in Austen’s time? A. Most girls could receive high-quality school education B. Family education was important for talented women C. All families refused to let girls learn literature D. Female education had no limits at that time 6. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ______. A. Jane Austen’s works reflected real social phenomena of her time B. Middle-class people all had utilitarian marriage views C. Women had equal social status with men in Britain D. Austen made a living by writing novels 7. What does the underlined word “anonymously” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. With one’s real name B. With the help of publishers C. Without showing one’s name D. For free without payment 8. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The development of British female literature in the 18th century B. Jane Austen’s life, works and lasting literary influence C. The social prejudice against women in old Britain D. An introduction to Pride and Prejudice 【答案】5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 【解析】 5. B 推理判断题 根据原文第一段Unlike most women of her era who received little formal education, Austen was encouraged by her father to read widely and learn literature. From an early age, she showed extraordinary talent in observing social customs and human nature, laying a solid foundation for her future writing career.（与同时代大多数接受过极少正规教育的女性一样，奥斯汀也受到父亲的鼓励广泛阅读并学习文学。她自幼便展现出非凡的观察社会习俗与人性特质的能力，为日后写作事业奠定了坚实基础。）可知，在女性正规教育缺失的时代，家庭教育对有天赋的女性至关重要。故选B项家庭教育对有才华的女性至关重要；A大多数女孩都能接受高质量的学校教育；错误。C所有家庭均拒绝让女孩学习文学；说法绝对。D当时女性教育并无任何限制。说法绝对。 6. A 推理判断题 根据第二段At the end of the 18th century, British society was strictly stratified, and women’s social roles were greatly limited. Few female writers could gain public recognition. However, Jane Austen insisted on writing quietly in her spare time. She focused her works on ordinary middle-class daily life, describing sincere emotions, reasonable values and independent attitudes towards marriage. Her writing style is gentle, humorous and sharp, exposing the social prejudice and utilitarian marriage views of her time.（18世纪末，英国社会实行严格的等级制度，女性的社会角色受到严重限制，鲜有女作家能够获得公众认可。然而简·奥斯汀始终坚持利用业余时间潜心创作。她的作品聚焦于普通中产阶级的日常生活，生动刻画了真挚的情感、合理的价值观以及独立的婚姻观。其文风温和幽默且犀利，深刻揭露了当时存在的社会偏见与功利主义的婚姻观念。）可知，奥斯汀的作品聚焦中产生活、揭露时代社会偏见和功利婚姻观，由此可推，她的作品真实反映了当时的社会现状。A. 简·奥斯汀的作品反映了她所处时代的现实社会现象，符合题意。B. 中产阶级普遍持有功利主义的婚姻观。表述绝对； C. 在英国，女性与男性享有同等的社会地位 和D. 奥斯汀通过创作小说谋生，原文无依据。 7. C 词义猜测题 根据第三段中 because female writers were often underestimated at that time.They mostly dare not use their own names.Readers could enjoy her wonderful stories without knowing who created them. Only years after her death did people learn the true writer behind those popular novels.（因为当时女性作家常常被低估，她们大多不敢使用自己的名字。读者可以在不知其作者是谁的情况下欣赏她精彩的故事。直到她去世多年后，人们才了解到这些畅销小说背后的真正作者。）可知，因为当时女性作家被看不起，不敢使用自己名字出版作品，所以应该是不用自己的名字，匿名出版。C项合适。A、B、D均不符合原文逻辑。 8. B 主旨大意题 文章介绍了简·奥斯汀的成长背景、创作坚持、代表作品，以及她经久不衰的文学影响力和时代意义，B选项（简·奥斯汀的生平、作品和持久的文学影响）全面概括全文。A.18世纪英国女性文学的发展；C.旧英国社会对妇女的偏见; D.《傲慢与偏见》简介, 均为文章局部内容，无法概括主旨。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 People of Achievement 词汇 一、阅读词汇 单词 1. _________________ n.研究院；专科院校 2. _________________ adj. 学业的；学术的 3. _________________ n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的 4. _________________ vt. 评价；评估 5. _________________ n. 性质；特征；财产 6. _________________ adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 7. _________________ vt.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得 vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行 8. _________________ n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 9. _________________ vt. 分析 10. _________________ adv.显而易见；看来；显然 11. _________________ n. 物质；物品；事实根据 12. _________________ adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的 13. _________________ n. 结论；推论 14. _________________ n.条件；环境；状况 15. _________________ vt.创建；建立；把.......建立在 16. _________________ vt.推断；推定 17. _________________ n. 从政者；政治家；政客 18. _________________ adj. 众多的；许多的 19. _________________ n. 理论；学说 20. _________________ n. 酷爱；激情 21. _________________ n.社会公公机构；制度；习俗 22. _________________ n.结果；后果 23. _________________ n.方法；技巧；装置；仪器 24. _________________ n.草稿；草案 & vt.起草；草拟 短语 1. _____________________________ 作出发现 2. _____________________________ 把某物授予某人 3. _____________________________ 提取；抽出 4. _____________________________ 经受；抵抗；勇敢面对 5. _____________________________磨损；损耗 6. _____________________________ 得出结论 7. _____________________________ 出于对某事的热爱 8. _____________________________被记载为；被记录为 9. _____________________________（开始）掌权；上台 10. _____________________________ 竖立；直立；毛骨悚然 11. _____________________________ 被错认成…… 12. _____________________________当权；执政 13. _____________________________ 谋生 14. _____________________________ 尤其；特别 15. _____________________________提出（观点、计划、理论等 2、 写作词汇： 单词 1. ___________________ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 2. ___________________adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3. ___________________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 4. ___________________ vt. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢 5. ___________________ n. 失败；挫败 vt. 击败；战胜 6.___________________ adv. 主要地；一般地 7.___________________ n. 数字；人物；图形；身材 v. 认为；计算 8. ___________________ adj. 温柔的；文静的；平缓的 9. ___________________ adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 10.___________________ vi.&vt.迅速离开；逃跑 11.___________________ vt.&vi.（使）沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. 沸腾；沸点 12.___________________ adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 13.___________________ adj. 非凡的；显著的 短语 1. _____________________________去世；逝世 2. _____________________________ 除……之外；此外 3. _____________________________ 总结；概括 4. _____________________________卡住；陷入；停滞不前 5. _____________________________ 偶然；碰巧 6. _____________________________ 坚决要求；坚持 7. _____________________________ 确保；查明 8. _____________________________ 被公认为…… 9. _____________________________ 以……为目标 10. _____________________________ 为……做出贡献 11. _____________________________上大学；考入大学 12. _____________________________因此；结果 13. _____________________________ 取得巨大成就 14. _____________________________ 绝不 15. _____________________________记住……；把……记在心里 三、词汇变形： 1.crucial adj. 关键性的 → ______________ adv. 关键地；至关重要地 2.vital adj.必不可少的极其重要的；充满生机的→______________adv. 极其；至关重要地→ ______________n. 活力；生命力；生机 →______________v. 使充满活力；激发 3. commit v. 承诺；投入 →______________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的 → ______________ n. 投入；奉献；承诺 4. academy n. 研究院；专科院校 →______________ adj. 学术的；学业的 5. objective adj. 客观的 n. 目标 → ______________n. 物体；目标 v. 反对 → ______________ adv. 客观地 6. botanical adj. 植物学的 → ______________ n. 植物学 → ______________ n. 植物学家 7.evaluate v. 评价；评估 →______________ n. 评价；评估 8.distinct adj. 清晰的；有区别的→______________ n. 差别；区分→______________adv. 清楚地；明显地 9.obtain v. 获得 →______________adj. 可获得的；能得到的 10. acknowledge v. 承认 ；致谢、感谢；告知，收到 → ______________ n. 承认；致谢；确认 → ______________ adj. 公认的；被承认的 11.boil vt.&vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n.沸腾；沸点→______________ adj. 沸腾的；酷热的 n. 煮沸→ ______________ adj. 煮沸过的；煮熟的 →______________ n. 锅炉；烧水壶 12.analyse v. 分析 →______________n. 分析 →______________n.分析者 13.apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 → ______________ adj.明显的，显而易见的, 表面上的 14.substance n. 物质；实质→______________adj. 大量的；实质的 →______________ adv. 大体上；大幅度地 15. scientific adj. 科学的 →______________n. 科学家 →______________ n. 科学 16. conclusion n. 结论；推论→______________ v. 推断；结束→ ______________ adj. 决定性的；确凿的 17.novelist n. 小说家→______________ n. 长篇小说 & adj.adj. 新奇的；新颖的 → ______________ n. 新奇；新奇的事物 18.found /faʊnd/ vt. 建立；创立 →______________ n. 创始人；创立者；奠基人 → ______________ n. 基础；地基；基金会；创立 →______________ adj. 基础的；根本的 19.infer v. 推断；推定 →______________ n. 推论；推断 20.politician n. 从政者；政治家 →______________n. 政治 →______________ adj. 政治的 21.theory n. 理论；学说 →_____________adj. 理论上的；理论的 →______________adv.理论地 22. relativity n. 相对论；相对性 →______________ adj. 相对的；相关的 n. 亲属 →______________ v. 联系；有关 →______________ adj.adj.相关的, 有亲属关系的 →______________ n.关系；亲属 23.gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的 →__________n. 温柔；温和 →_________ adv. 轻柔地；温和地 24.passion n. 酷爱；激情 →____________ adj. 热忱的；狂热的 →____________ adv. 热情地 25. gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地 →______________adj. 逐步的 26. professor n. 教授 → ______________ v. 宣称；讲授 →______________ n.职业, 业内人士 → ______________adj. 专业的 n. 专业人士 27.remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的 → ______________v. 谈论；评论；说起 n. 言论；评语→ ______________ adv. 显著地；惊人地；非常 四、熟词生义 1. obtain 熟义：vt.（努力）获得，得到 生义：vi._______________________ 例句：This custom still obtains in remote villages. 2. extract 熟义：vt. 提取，提炼；n. 提取物 生义：vt._______________________ 例句：Our teacher asked us to extract good sentences from the book. 3. chart 熟义：n. 图表，曲线图 生义：vt. _______________________ 例句： The exhibition charts the history of the palace. She had carefully charted her route to the top of her profession. 4. novel 熟义：n. 长篇小说 生义：adj. _______________________ 例句：He came up with a novel idea to solve his financial problems. 5. apparently 熟义：adv. 明显的 / 显然地 生义：_______________________ 例句：He is apparently calm, but he feels nervous inside. 6. patent 熟义：n. 专利 生义：adj. _______________________ 例句：It is a patent mistake. 7.draft 熟义：n. 草稿；草案； v.起草；草拟 生义：n._______________________ 例句： (2021年I卷) I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand. 写作 句型 1. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not mine.....” Upon/On +动词-ing形式，构成介词短语，位于句首作时间状语，译为“当......时候；一......就......” 译文：当得知自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不是我的.....。” ___________________________ the award notice, he burst into tears with excitement. 一收到获奖通知，他激动地流下了眼泪。 2. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 固定句式：It is +n.+for sb/sth+ to do ...... 对于....来说做某事是......; it是形式主语，to do 不定式是真正的主语。for后的sb/sth是不定式的逻辑主语，若两者之间表示主动关系用to do...;若表示被动关系，则用to be done。 译文：中国的科学研究和中医药能够走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。 ____________________ for students ___________________basic scientific research methods. 学生掌握基础科研方法是必要任务。 _____________________for rural education _________________by more people. 乡村教育被更多人重视是一大进步。 3. It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen. 固定句式：It struck sb that+从句， 译为“某人突然意识到.....;某人突然明白......”;it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。 译文：他突然意识到，照片里其他的中国男子显然对同胞的遭遇漠不关心。 ___________________________ environmental protection allowed no delay. 我们突然意识到环境保护刻不容缓。 4.After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in1900. entering...... and graduating......是并列的现在分词短语作结果状语，表示与句子主语（he）之间是主动关系。 译文：又学习了一年之后，他设法通过了考试，1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。 He kept reading every day, ______________ his horizons and______________ his writing skills. 他坚持每日阅读，拓宽知识面、提升写作能力。 5.On 18 April 1955, it was reported that Einstein had passed away, and the whole worldmourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 固定句式：It is/was reported that......， 译为“据报道......”；it 是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。 译文：1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都在哀悼这位杰出科学家的巨大损失。 Last year, ____________________________ China’s space team had successfully finished deep space exploration missions. 去年报道，我国航天团队成功完成深空探测任务。 ____________________________ China has made amazing achievements in space exploration. 据报道，中国在太空探索领域取得了惊人成就。 语法 非限制性定语从句 写作 写一篇你敬佩之人的人物介绍短文 一、知识点精讲 1.commit vt.承诺；致力于；全心全意投入；犯下 ；作出决定；花（钱或时间）；把......学好记牢；把......写下来 过去式 / 过去分词 committed，现在分词 committing（双写 t） commit oneself to do sth 承诺/保证做某事 commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于/承诺做某事 （to是介词+doing） commit money/time to sth. 把钱或时间花到某事上 commit sth. to memory把....学好记牢 commit sth to paper/writing 把......写下来 commit a crime 犯罪 Both sides __________________________________________ the dispute peacefully. 双方承诺和平解决争端。 He ________________________________ artemisinin. 他潜心研究青蒿素。 The council has__________________ large amounts of money _______ housing projects. 市政会在住宅项目上投入了大量资金。 She ________________ the instructions ________________. 她把指令记得很牢。 【词汇拓展】 1 committed adj. 尽心尽力的；忠诚的 be committed to sth. 致力于；全身心投入；坚定献身于 She ________________ medical research. 她致力于医学研究。 ②commitment n. 承诺；投入 make a commitment to sb. 向某人承诺 make a commitment to sth/doing sth. 承诺做某事 She doesn't want to ________________________________ Steve at the moment. 她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。 The company__________________________________________ quality at a reasonable price. 这家公司承诺保证供货质优价廉。 2.（2024-2025年考查两次）distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的 be distinct from ...... 与......不同 = be different from......= differ from...... Jamaican reggae music___________quite ___________________________ North American jazz or blues. 牙买加的雷盖音乐完全不同于北美的爵士乐或布鲁斯音乐。 His voice was quiet but every word was ________________.他说话声音不大，但字字清晰。 【词汇拓展】 1 distinctive有特色的，与众不同的 2 distinction n. 差别，区分；杰出，卓越 make a distinction between ......and...... 区分...... 和...... Philosophers did not use to ________________________________ arts ________________ science. 哲学家过去习惯不把艺术和科学区别开来。 3 distinctly明显地；无疑地，确实地 【易混辨析】 distinct 1. 不一样、有区分度（= different） 2. 清晰、看得清、明显（= clear, obvious） distinctive 有特色的，能用来区分它、专属它的特征，让人一眼认出。 3.(2021年考查一次)acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等) ; (公开)感谢;告知收悉;（微笑、挥手等）致意 acknowledge doing sth/ having done sth 承认做过某事 acknowledge sth/sth as sth/ to be ... 承认某人/某物是......=be acknowledged as/to be ... It is widely /generally acknowledged that .... ......是大家公认的 He acknowledged _____________________________ the old lady’s money. 他承认偷了老太太的钱。 The army sent me a postcard ________________ my request. 军方寄给我一张明信片以确认收到了我的请求。 He ___________________________________________the best player in the world. 普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。 He saw her but refused to even ________________ her. 他看到了她，但甚至都拒绝向她致意。 I gratefully________________ financial support from several local businesses. 我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。 ______________________________________________reading broadens our horizons. 人们普遍认为阅读能开阔眼界。 【词汇拓展】 ① acknowledged adj.公认的；被普遍认可的 ② acknowledgement n.承认；确认；感谢 in acknowledgement of 作为对……的感谢 I was sent a free copy________________________________my contribution. 我收到一本赠刊，表示对我投稿的谢意。 4. insist vt. & vi.坚持；坚决要求 insist (坚决要求/主张) that...  从句用虚拟语气 insist (坚持说/认为) that...  从句用陈述语气 She insisted that the boy________________ her wallet and that he________________ to the police station. 她坚称那个男孩偷了她的钱包，并要求将他送往警察局。 insist on/upon(doing) sth 坚持(做)某事 He _____________________ for the meal in return for my assistance. 他坚持要我支付餐费，以换取我的帮助。 5.（2019-2023年考查三次）circumstance n. [usualy pl.]条件:环境;状况 The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances. 本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。 The ship sank in mysterious circumstances.那艘船神秘地沉没了。 短语： in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下 I know I can trust her________________________________.我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。 in /under the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 同义词：in that case _______________________________, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好 in /under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不 位于句首，句子主谓倒装，即，谓语助动词，情态动词或be动词置于主语前。 Under no circumstances ________________ lend Paul any money.你无论如何都不能借钱给保罗。 类似用法的同义词： in no sense, in no case, by no means, at no time, on no account 6. （2019-2022年考查三次）consequence n.结果;后果 This decision could have serious consequences for the industry. 这项决定可能对该行业造成严重后果。 短语： as a consequence = in consequence = as a result =therefore=consequently因此；结果 He worked hard. ____________________________, he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University. as a consequence of 由于......的结果；因为......= as a result of =because of =due to=owing to =on account of =thanks to _______________________________ his hard work, he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University. 因为他的努力，他最终被南京大学录取。 【易混辨析】 as a consequence / in consequence 副词短语，表因此、结果；常放句首，后加逗号再接完整句子，用来引出事情带来的结果。 as a consequence of /in consequence 介词短语，表由于、因为；后面必须接名词、代词或动名词，用来引出造成结果的原因。 二、核心语法精讲 非限制性定语从句 （一）.复习定语从句的基础知识 I.定义：在复合句中做定语的从句叫定语从句。 II.位置：位于名词或代词之后。 III.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 The book that my mother bought is helpful to me. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 IV.关系词：引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词。分为关系代词和关系副词。 1.关系代词及其在从句中的成分： 关系代词 指人 指物 在从句中的成分 主语 宾语 定语 who √ √ √ whom √ √ that √ √ √ √ which √ √ √ whose √ √ √ 2.关系副词及其在从句中的成分： 关系副词 地方 时间 原因 在从句中的成分 地点状语 时间状语 原因状语 where √ √ when √ √ why √ √ 注意：关系词代替先行词在从句中作成分。 V.定语从句解题策略 1.根据定语从句的位置（名词或代词后），确定是定语从句。 2.判断从句中是否缺少主语，宾语或定语，若缺少，则考虑是关系代词，根据指人，还是指物，确定关系代词。 3.如果从句中不缺少主语，宾语或定语，则考虑关系副词，根据先行词是表示地方，时间还是原因，选择相应的关系副词。 （二）. 非限制性定语从句 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 I.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 名称 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 位置 紧跟先行词（名词或代词）后 位于主句首（as），主句中，主句末 作用 与先行词关系紧密，不可缺少，删除后，主句意义不完整 对先行词或整个主句补充说明，关系不密切，删除后句意仍清晰 结构 定语从句与主句之间无逗号 定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开 先行词 名词、代词、名词词组 名词 ，名词词组 ，主句整句话 关系词 关系代词在从句中做宾语时可省略 关系代词在从句中做宾语时不可省； 不用that，why 1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. 他们测试了数百种在中国临床试验中显示出抗病潜力的医疗疗法。 （限制性定语从句，先行词是treatments） 2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered as one of the highest international honours a person can receive. 屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖，该奖项被视为个人所能获得的最高国际荣誉之一。 （非限制性定语从句，位于句末，先行词是the Nobel Prize） 3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. 屠呦呦前往疟疾更为常见的海南省，对疟疾病例进行研究。 （非限制性定语从句，位于句中，先行词是Hainan） 4. Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 随后，该药物在疟疾患者中进行了测试，其中大多数患者均康复。 （非限制性定语从句，位于句末, 先行词是malaria patients） ⑤.The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad． 这部小说很有意思,这让我很高兴. (非限制性定语从句,位于句末，先行词是前面整句话) II.非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法 1.关系代词的用法 关系代词 指代对象 从句成分 特殊点 which 物 / 整个主句 主、宾 可指代整件事，不能放句首 who 人 主语 只作主语 whom 人 宾语 介词提前只能用 whom whose 人、物 定语 表 “…… 的”，后接名词 as 主句整件事 主、宾 可放句首，句中，句末 The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin. 这本书讲述了亚历山大·弗莱明发现青霉素的故事。 （非限制性定语从句，who指代先行词Alexander Fleming（人），在从句中做主语） There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control. 对于琳达的处境，我们完全无能为力——她的遭遇完全超出了我们的掌控范围。 （非限制性定语从句，whose指代先行词Linda（人），在从句中做定语，相当于Linda's，修饰circumstances） The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J. k. Rowling, which we were inspired a lot by . 老师让我们聆听他最喜爱的小说家J.K.罗琳的演讲，这给我们带来了极大的启发。 （非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词speech（物），在从句中做介词by的宾语） I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me. 我被要求借助流程图来解释该项目，这对我来说是个巨大的挑战。 （非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句，在从句中做主语） As everyone knows, China is the largest developing country in the world. 众所周知，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。 （非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句），在从句中做宾语） As is reported today，more young people devote themselves to agricultural research. 据今日报道，越来越多年轻人投身农业研究。 （非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句，在从句中做主语） 注意： ⑴.关系代词that不引导非限制性定语从句。 ⑵.which和as的区别 He forgot to bring his pen with him yesterday, as we expected. 他昨天忘带笔了，正如我们预料的那样。 The novel,which I read last night, is very interesting．我昨晚读的这本小说非常有趣。 As we all know, exercise keeps people healthy and energetic. 众所周知，运动使人健康、精力充沛。 He changed his mind, which made me quite angry. 他改变了主意，这让我很生气。 as which 指代 指代整个主句的内容 指代整个主 句 的 内 容,又 可 指 代 主句的一部分，或者一个词或词组 位置 可位于主句前、中或后 引导的从句不能位于主句前 意义 译为“正如” 译为“这” as 常见搭配 as is known to all； 众所周知 as is expected 正如所预料的那样 as we expected 正如我们所期待的 as has been mentioned above正如上面所提到的 as is reported / said正如报道/所说的那样 as you know 正如你所知道的那样 【练一练】用which和as填空 ①.Travelling by boat is the only way to get here, _________________is how we arrived. ②.________________he writes in his new book , A Long Way Home , Brierley couldn’t help but wonder about his hometown back in India . ③.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week , ________________ my classmates recommend to me. ④.The number of smokers , ________________is reported , has dropped by 17 percent in just one year . ⑶.介词+关系代词的用法 ① 代词+of +which/whom 常见的结构有：most/both/all/each/some/neither/ none +of+which/whom 先行词是人 → of whom She has three roommates, all of whom love reading. 她有三个室友，她们都热爱阅读。 He has two sons, neither of whom works at home. 他有两个儿子，都没在国内工作。 先行词是物 → of which There are many books, none of which are about biology. 这里有很多书，没有一本是关于生物学的。 She collected dozens of stamps, each of which has a special story. 她收藏了几十张邮票，每一张都有独特的故事。 ② the +n.+of +which/whom = whose+n. 先行词为事物 → of which I bought a new house, the window of which faces the sea. =I bought a new house, whose window faces the sea. 我买了一栋新房，房子的窗户面朝大海。 先行词为人 → of whom I respect my teacher, the advice of whom always helps me. = I respect my teacher, whose advice always helps me. 我很尊敬我的老师，他的建议总能帮到我。 ③数词+of +which/whom 先行词是人 → of whom Twenty students took part in the contest, five of whom got prizes. 二十名学生参加比赛，其中五人获奖。 先行词是物 → of which He planted hundreds of trees, twenty of which are apple trees. 他种了几百棵树，其中二十棵是苹果树。 2. 关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的成分 where 地点名词 地点状语 when 时间名词 时间状语 注意：why 不引导非限制性定语从句，但可用 for which 来代替。 【练一练】用适当的关系副词填空 They went to London, ________________they lived for six months. He will put off the picnic until May 1st, ________________he will stay with his family. He told us the real reason, _________________ he left his hometown. 【高考真题练】 用正确的关系词填空。 1.（2026一卷）Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands _________ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2.（2026二卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 3.（2025一卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 4.（2025二卷）I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,____________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist. 5.（2024一卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route__________brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 6.（2024二卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 7.（2022一卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 8.（2021二卷）I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company ________ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 9.（2020一卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is extremely challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 10.（2020三卷）In ancient China lived an artist. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 1) 写作主题 介绍一位你敬佩的杰出人物，贴合单元主题 People of Achievement，人物可选择科学家、医者、为国奉献的伟人（袁隆平、屠呦呦、钟南山等）。 2) 文体类型 人物介绍类说明文，以记叙 + 评价为主，词数要求80词左右，高考应用文常考题型。 3) 写作核心要求 基础信息：身份、生平核心经历； 关键事迹：他付出的努力、取得的突破性成就； 情感升华：你敬佩他的理由、带给你的启发； 语法硬性加分：熟练使用非限制性定语从句（本单元核心语法）、过去分词作定语、高级固定搭配。 2.写作框架（三段式万能模板） 第一段：开篇点题，引出人物（1–2 句） 开门见山说明你最敬佩的人是谁，简单介绍身份，使用非限制性定语从句开篇加分。 第二段：主体叙事，详述事迹（3–4 句） 早年付出：数十年坚持、无数次失败、艰苦的研究环境； 核心成就：做出了怎样世界性的贡献； 外界影响：造福人类、获得荣誉。 第三段：结尾升华，表达感悟（2 句） 说明敬佩的原因，结合自身谈启示：我们应当学习他的坚持、无私、执着，树立奋斗目标。 3.写作素材 一）、高级词汇 vital adj. 至关重要的 devote v. 致力于 → devoted adj. 专注无私的 breakthrough n. 重大突破 accumulate v. 积累（经验、数据） fruitful adj. 富有成效的 insist on 坚持 extraordinary adj. 非凡的 circumstance n. 艰苦环境 inspire v. 激励 contribute to 促成；为…… 做贡献 二）、短语 devote oneself to doing sth 全身心投身于 make a great breakthrough 取得重大突破 under difficult circumstances 在艰苦条件下 make contributions to humanity 为人类做贡献 lead to great changes 带来巨大改变 spare no effort to do 不遗余力做某事 pass through countless failures 历经无数失败 三）、模板句型 1）.开篇引入人物句型（作文第一段） The figure I respect most is …, who has achieved remarkable accomplishments in science.（非限制性定语从句） 我最敬佩的人是……，他在科学领域取得了卓越成就。 As far as I’m concerned, … is the most admirable person I have ever known. 在我看来，…… 是我认识过最值得敬佩的人。 When talking about people of achievement, the first person that comes to my mind is …. 谈及杰出人物，我第一个想到的人就是……。 2）.描述人物艰苦付出句型（作文第二段主体） ① 非限制性定语从句（本单元必考语法） He worked in simple labs for decades, which laid a solid foundation for his final success. 他在简陋实验室耕耘数十年，这为他最后的成功打下坚实基础。 …, whom the whole nation respects, never gave up even after hundreds of failures. 举国敬重的……，即便历经上百次失败也从未放弃。 As we all know, hardship can shape a great mind, which perfectly fits his life story. 众所周知，磨难造就伟大灵魂，这一点完美契合他的人生。 ② 分词作状语高级句型 Faced with endless challenges, he still stuck to his original research goal. 面对无尽挑战，他依旧坚守最初的研究目标。 Having spent years on repeated tests, he finally spotted the key solution. 历经多年反复试验，他终于找到了关键突破口。 ③ 倒装句型（提分亮点） Under no circumstances would he give up his research no matter how tough things were. 无论处境多艰难，他绝不放弃研究。 Only through years of persistent efforts could he make such a vital breakthrough. 唯有长年不懈坚持，他才能取得如此关键的突破。 3）.结尾感悟升华句型（第三段收尾） ① 定语从句 I hope I can grow into a person like him, who chases dreams and serves society selflessly. 我希望能成长为像他一样追逐理想、无私奉献社会的人。 The spirit that he carries will guide me forward, which I will keep in mind forever. 他身上的精神将指引我前行，我会永远铭记于心。 2 强调句型 It is his perseverance and selflessness that make him my lifelong role model. 正是他的坚持与无私，让他成为我一生的榜样。 From his experience, I realize that it is through constant hard work that we can gain something valuable. 从他的经历中我意识到，唯有持之以恒的努力，我们才能收获有价值的东西。 ③ as 引导非限经典句 As is often the case, great achievements never come easily. 一如常理，伟大的成就从不会轻易降临。 As is reported in textbooks, his devotion deserves all our admiration. 正如课本所记载，他的奉献值得我们所有人敬佩。 4.范文背诵 范文 1 The Person I Admire Most The person I admire most is Yuan Longping, who is known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. He devoted all his life to rice research. Under tough circumstances, he accumulated data and insisted on experiments year after year. Finally, he developed hybrid rice, which greatly increased rice output around the world. His fruitful research helped solve food shortages for billions of people, making a vital difference to global agriculture. I respect him deeply because he never cared about fame or money. As far as I am concerned, his perseverance inspires me greatly. From him, I learn that only by sticking to our dreams can we make valuable contributions to society. 范文 2 A Great Figure I Look Up To When talking about people of achievement, the first person that comes to my mind is Tu Youyou, who is a distinguished medical scientist. Faced with poor research conditions, Tu Youyou spent decades studying traditional Chinese medicine, in which she sought cures for malaria. She did thousands of trials and accumulated medical data, which laid the foundation for her success. Only through long efforts did she discover artemisinin, a vital drug saving millions worldwide. She cared little about fame, which impresses me deeply. It is her perseverance and selflessness that make her my role model. I hope to become someone like her, who pursues dreams and serves people selflessly. From her, I learn great achievements never come without hard work. We teenagers should learn from her to realize our value. 易错点01 insist 引导从句用虚拟语气和陈述语气 【一句话辨异】He insisted that he didn't steal money and that we should apologized to him.他坚持认为他没有偷钱，并坚持要求我们应该向他道歉。 【错因辨析】 1. insist that +从句：表示 “坚持要求”：从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用 (should) +动词原形。 The scientist insisted that we (should) continue the research day and night. 这位科学家坚决要求我们日夜继续这项研究。 My teacher insisted that I (should) pay attention to those word fixed collocations. 老师执意要求我留意这些单词固定搭配。 2. insist that+从句：表示“坚持认为；坚持说”，从句用陈述语气，时态随主句。 He insisted that his discovery was of great medical value. 他坚称自己的发现具备重大医学价值。 Tu Youyou insisted that traditional Chinese medicine played an important role in curing malaria. 屠呦呦坚持认为中医药在治疗疟疾中起到关键作用。 【对点训练】 1. The workers insisted that they ______ enough for the extra work. A. paid B. be paid C. would pay D. were paid 2. He insisted that he ______ right and refused to apologize. A. be B. was C. should be D. were 3. The doctor insisted that she ____ seriously ill and that she ____ on immediately. A. was; operate B. be; be operated C. was; be operated D. be; operate 易错点02 under no circumstance 与部分倒装 【错因辨析】 1. under no circumstances 绝不，无论如何都不 语义自带否定含义，属于高考四大类否定前置倒装标志词之一。 同类否定短语：in no way, by no means, on no account, at no time （写作高频短语）under no circumstances 置于句首，句子主谓部分倒装,即谓语助动词（do/does/did/will/has/have/had/would),情态动词(can/could/may/might/should/must等)，或be动词放于主语前。 Under no circumstances does he ignore the advice from our teachers. 我们绝不能忽视老师的忠告。 Under no circumstances did he admit his mistakes back then. 那时候他无论如何都不肯承认自己的错误。 Under no circumstances can we give up the research. 在任何情况下我们都不能放弃这项研究 Under no circumstances is she willing to betray her friends. 她绝不会背叛自己的朋友。 2.under no circumstances 短语放在句中、句末，不倒装 句子主语在前，under no circumstances 作状语放中间 / 末尾，语序正常。 We can under no circumstances give up the research. 在任何情况下我们都不能放弃这项研究。 We can give up the research under no circumstances. 在任何情况下我们都不能放弃这项研究。 【对点训练】 使用部分倒装，翻译下列句子。 1.无论如何你都不能忽视实验数据。 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2.他绝不接受不公平条件。 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3.我从来没有对老师撒过谎。 _____________________________________________________________________________________ 易错点03 独立主格结构作状语和分词短语做状语 【错因辨析】 1.独立主格结构做状语（高考不常考） 分词做状语时，有自己独立的逻辑主语，和主句主语不是同一个；必须在分词前补上名词 / 代词，构成“名词 / 代词 + doing/done”，这一组整体叫独立主格结构，相当于状语从句或者并列句。 基本结构：（逻辑主语）名词 / 代词 + 分词 (doing/done)，位于句首或句末，有逗号与主句隔开。 独立主格结构的用法： 1）名词/代词 + doing 表示动词与名词之间是主动关系、或动作正在进行。 The weather being fine, we went on with our research. =The weather was fine and we went on with our research. 天气很好，我们继续开展研究。 1 独立主格：The weather being fine（逻辑主语 weather） 2 主句：we went on with our research（主句主语 we） 两个主语不一样，不能直接写 Being fine, we went…（逻辑主语变成 we，语义错误） It raining heavily, we stayed indoors all day. =It rained heavily, so we stayed indoors all day. 雨下得很大，我们一整天都待在屋里。 Raining的逻辑主语与主句主语we不一致，所以要加上自己的逻辑主语it。 2）名词/代词 + done 表示动词与名词或代词之间是被动关系，或者动作已完成。 All the homework finished, we went home happily. 所有作业都写完了，我们高兴地回家了。 = Because all the homework was finished, we went home happily. 3）名词/代词+being done 表示动词与名词或代词之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，多用于原因、伴随状语 His car being repaired, he took the bus to work. 他的车正在维修，所以他坐公交上班。 =His car was being repaired, so he took the bus to work. Their plan being discussed, no one knew the result. 他们的方案正在被讨论，没人知道结果。 =Their plan was being discussed, and no one knew the result. 2.分词（doing/done）短语做状语（2018-2026年考六次） 表示分词的逻辑主语与主句主语是同一个，常常位于主句前或后，常有逗号隔开作状语，相当于状语从句或者并列句。 Seeing the valuable data, Tu Youyou felt excited. 看到珍贵的数据，屠呦呦很激动。 =When she saw the valuable data, Tu Youyou felt excited. 逻辑主语是主句主语：Tu Youyou，是 “看见” 的发出者，表示主动关系，用 doing。 Seen from the top, the lab looks tiny. 从楼顶看，实验室很小。 =When it is seen from the top, the lab looks tiny. 逻辑主语 the lab，与see之间是被动关系，“被看”，用 done。 【对点训练】 1.（2026一卷）In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. ____________(draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands that serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2.（2022·一卷） （cover）an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 3.（2021二卷）In the seventh grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, (think) it is food. 4.（2019三卷）On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 5.The manager ________ the meeting, all workers left early. A. finishing B. finished C. being finished D. to finish 一、默写重点单词 1.___________________ n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的 2.___________________ adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 3.___________________ vt.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得 vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行 4.___________________ adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 5.___________________ adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的 6.___________________ n. 结论；推论 7.___________________ n. 酷爱；激情 8.___________________ adj. 不一般的；非凡的 9. ___________________ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 10.___________________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 11. ___________________ vt. 承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢 12. ___________________ n. 数字；人物；图形；身材 v. 认为；计算 二、词汇运用 1. Beyond visitor interaction, AI plays a ____________(至关重要的) role in preserving priceless artworks. 2. First, you need to ____________（评估；评价） yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. 3. A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to __________（获得） drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. 4.Her years of hard work have finally been ____________（认可）after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. 5.But our ____________（坚持） it’s merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door. 6.One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, ____________（建立；创建）in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world 7. When he brings his speech to a nice ____________（结束）, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. 8.The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of ____________（科学的） research. 9.But for me, it was the first challenge I ____________（遇到） as an international student in Ireland. 10.After two years, the second group saw_____________(显著的) improvements in heart health. 三、重点句型 1. _______________________ the news, he rushed out. (upon/on doing) 一听到这条消息，他就冲了出去。 2.________________________________ children ______________ the busy street. (It be +adj+for sb +to do ...) 对孩子来说，穿过繁忙的街道危险。 3. He__________________________________ one of the richest men in Europe. (be thought to do ) 他被认为是欧洲最富有的人之一。 4.Many students gathered around the knowledgeable professor after class, ________________________________ _________________________. (现在分词短语作伴随状语) 下课后许多学生围在博学的教授身边，提出各类问题，一同探讨难懂的语法知识点。 5.______________________________ many wild animals have returned to the forest. 据报道，许多野生动物重新回到了这片森林。 四、课文语法填空 Tu Youyou is a 1. ______ (devote) and outstanding scientist who greatly contributed to global medical progress and human health. She won the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for her groundbreaking discovery of artemisinin, 2._____________ powerful drug effective for the treatment of deadly malaria across the world. Malaria was an extremely severe infectious disease 3._____________ troubled millions of people, 4._________(especial) residents in poor tropical and subtropical areas. In 1967, encountering the rampant spread of malaria, Chinese researchers started urgent research work, faced with extremely backward experimental conditions and insufficient research funds. Many failed 5.___________(attempt) and repeated setbacks never stopped Tu Youyou before she found a key therapeutic method from ancient Chinese medical classics. The unique method 6. ______ (record) in ancient texts effectively helped her team break through numerous technical difficulties. After hundreds of times of continuous exploration and repeated experiments, Tu’s team achieved major scientific success in 1971. To strictly guarantee the drug’s safety, she made a firm decision to test the new medicine personally on 7._______(she) before clinical application for ordinary patients. Up to now, artemisinin 8.____________(save) countless precious lives worldwide and greatly lowered the mortality rate of malaria. Throughout her scientific career, Tu Youyou always sticks to her original aspiration, 9._________(focus) solely on medical research and ignoring fame and fortune. Her persistent and dedicated scientific spirit encourages countless generations of young researchers to keep moving forward and make greater contributions 10.__________ global medical undertakings. 五、阅读理解 A Hua Chunying, born in April 1970 in Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, is one of the most outstanding and influential female diplomats in modern China. From an excellent student to a senior foreign affairs official, she has spent more than 30 years dedicating herself to China’s diplomatic cause, showing the elegance, wisdom and firm stance of Chinese female diplomats to the world. Graduating from Nanjing University with outstanding academic performance, she entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China in 1993, starting her lifelong diplomatic career. In the early stage of her career, Hua Chunying took multiple important diplomatic positions. She worked in the Western European Department of the Foreign Ministry, the Chinese Embassy in Singapore and the Chinese Mission to the European Union. These overseas work experiences helped her accumulate rich international communication experience, broaden her global vision, and deepen her understanding of international relations and complex global situations. She always handled various diplomatic affairs carefully and professionally, winning wide recognition from colleagues at home and abroad. In 2012, Hua Chunying began to serve as a Foreign Ministry spokesperson, becoming the fifth female spokesperson in China’s diplomatic history. For nearly a decade, she stood at the front line of China’s public diplomacy. Facing tricky and sharp questions from global media, she always responded calmly, politely and powerfully. She firmly safeguarded China’s national interests and national dignity with precise words, rational logic and graceful manners, breaking prejudice and misunderstanding against China from Western public opinion. With steady professional ability and excellent diplomatic literacy, Hua Chunying has been promoted continuously. She once served as Director-General of the Information Department and Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs, and now holds the position of Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs. As a distinguished female diplomat of the post-1970s generation, she has become a vivid symbol of China’s confident and open diplomatic image. Her wisdom, perseverance and sense of mission inspire countless young people to pursue dreams and serve the country. 1. What can we infer about Hua Chunying from Paragraph 1? A. She started her diplomatic work right after high school B. Excellent academic foundation supported her career C. She dreamed of being a diplomat since childhood D. She became famous immediately after graduation 2. It can be learnt from Paragraph 2 that ______. A. Overseas working experience benefited her diplomatic ability greatly B. She only worked in European countries in her early career C. Diplomatic affairs abroad are always simple and easy to handle D. Foreign colleagues doubted her professional ability at first 3. What can we know about Hua Chunying’s work as a spokesperson? A. She often lost her patience when facing tough questions B. Her responses helped improve China’s international image C. Western media had no prejudice against China before D. Being a spokesperson is the easiest diplomatic job 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The development of China’s foreign spokesperson system B. How to become an excellent senior diplomat in China C. The difficulties of Chinese female diplomats in international work D. Hua Chunying’s life experience and great diplomatic contributions B Jane Austen is one of the most respected and influential female novelists in British literary history. Born in 1775 in a small rural town in England, she grew up in a warm and educated family. Unlike most women of her era who received little formal education, Austen was encouraged by her father to read widely and learn literature. From an early age, she showed extraordinary talent in observing social customs and human nature, laying a solid foundation for her future writing career. At the end of the 18th century, British society was strictly stratified, and women’s social roles were greatly limited. Few female writers could gain public recognition. However, Jane Austen insisted on writing quietly in her spare time. She focused her works on ordinary middle-class daily life, describing sincere emotions, reasonable values and independent attitudes towards marriage. Her writing style is gentle, humorous and sharp, exposing the social prejudice and utilitarian marriage views of her time. Pride and Prejudice is her most representative masterpiece. The book breaks the traditional romantic writing of that age, advocating equal communication, mutual respect and spiritual compatibility between men and women. Apart from this classic novel, she also created several excellent works such as Sense and Sensibility and Emma. Unfortunately, most of her works were published anonymously during her lifetime, because female writers were often underestimated at that time.They mostly dare not use their own names.Readers could enjoy her wonderful stories without knowing who created them. Only years after her death did people learn the true writer behind those popular novels. Jane Austen passed away at the age of 41, but her works have never faded with time. Her novels have been translated into dozens of languages and adapted into movies and TV series repeatedly. She proved that women could achieve great literary success with independent thinking and exquisite writing skills. Today, she is still regarded as a model of female self-improvement, inspiring countless readers to pursue true love and spiritual independence. 5. What can we know about women’s education in Austen’s time? A. Most girls could receive high-quality school education B. Family education was important for talented women C. All families refused to let girls learn literature D. Female education had no limits at that time 6. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ______. A. Jane Austen’s works reflected real social phenomena of her time B. Middle-class people all had utilitarian marriage views C. Women had equal social status with men in Britain D. Austen made a living by writing novels 7. What does the underlined word “anonymously” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. With one’s real name B. With the help of publishers C. Without showing one’s name D. For free without payment 8. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The development of British female literature in the 18th century B. Jane Austen’s life, works and lasting literary influence C. The social prejudice against women in old Britain D. An introduction to Pride and Prejudice 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $