精品解析：山西太原市2026-2027学年高三开学考英语试题

2026-2027学年高三摸底考试 英语 2026.8 注意事项： 1．本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。 3．本试卷命题范围：高考范围。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1．Which country has rules about making beer? A．Germany. B．The UK. C．Belgium. 2．When did the woman go for a walk? A．In the morning. B．In the afternoon. C．In the evening. 3．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Mother and son. B．Master and servant. C．Tour guide and tourist. 4．How will the man pay for the shopping? A．With a card. B．With his cash. C．With the woman’s money. 5．What is the weather like now? A．Rainy. B．Cloudy. C．Sunny. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Where are the speakers? A．In a car. B．At a cave. C．Inside a house. 7．What will the speakers do next? A．Brush their hair. B．Make some rules. C．Put on their hats. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8．At what time does the man usually arrive at school? A．9:00 a. m. B．9:10 a. m. C．9:30 a. m. 9．What does the woman suggest the man do? A．Ask his mom to leave earlier. B．Use the public transport. C．Drop his sister off first. 10．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．The man’s lateness. B．Work meetings’ plans. C．School classes’ organization. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11．What does the man think of the cake? A．It is normal. B．It is delicious. C．It is disappointing. 12．Why is the woman glad to see the man? A．She is lonely. B．He will help her. C．He is a family member. 13．What will the woman consider doing? A．Moving to another community. B．Seeing her family more often. C．Running a cake shop. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14．How does the woman feel about the recycling rules? A．Confused. B．Confirmed. C．Content. 15．Which items will be regarded as general waste? A．Cans. B．Bottles. C．Envelopes. 16．What is the problem with the plate? A．It is too big. B．It is too dirty. C．It can’t be recycled. 17．When is the recycling collected? A．On Tuesday. B．On Wednesday. C．On Thursday. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18．What is probably the speaker’s job? A．A hotel manager. B．A weather reporter. C．An air traffic controller. 19．Where will most of the passengers sleep? A．In the airport hotel. B．In the airport lounge. C．In the airport terminal. 20．What will the speaker probably do within the next hour? A．Announce additional information. B．Give passengers ticket refunds. C．Let people get ready for departure. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A If you want to find a place of interest to spend your summer vacation, think about the following locations. The Nautilus Maldives Opened in 2019, this independent, Maldivian-owned resort (度假村) is the island nation’s only Relais & Chateaux property. It’s located off a beautiful sandy island in the Indian Ocean, which has been officially recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve for its stunning coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and various marine life. Splendid, oversized accommodations are balanced with plain inners, intended to be in harmony with the surrounding natural scenery. Six Senses Laamu, the Maldives Sustainability lies at the core of the unique, luxurious resort in the Maldives’ isolated Laamu Atoll. The three-storied overwater buildings are constructed of local materials, which brings money to nearby island communities. Follow it up with a meal made from produce grown in the islands’ gardens without using artificial chemicals and freshly caught seafood from local fishermen. Finally, treat yourself to one of the many spa treatments at the Six Senses Spa overlooking the ocean. Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora, French Polynesia Built along a small island, the overwater buildings at the Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora rise over the island’s blue waters. Their decor is inspired by the natural style of a traditional Polynesian village, and all have indoor-outdoor spaces with ladders for access to the lake. Choose from one of three views: beach, lake, or, our favorite, mountain. Banana Island Resort Doha by Anantara, Qatar On a private island twenty minutes by boat from Qatar’s capital city, this resort houses the Persian Gulf’s 11 Maldivian-inspired overwater buildings on a scale only found in the Middle East. Think: two and three-bedroom units (beginning at 2,500 square feet), each equipped with facilities like a private full-sized swimming pool. 1. What is the advantage of the buildings in Six Senses Laamu? A. They have an informal atmosphere. B. They have been lovingly restored. C. They bring economic benefits to the locals. D. They are in harmony with the surroundings. 2. Where may a visitor go if he likes Polynesian style architecture? A. The Nautilus Maldives. B. Six Senses Laamu, the Maldives. C. Banana Island Resort Doha by Anantara, Qatar. D. Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora, French Polynesia. 3. What do these four resorts have in common? A. They own all kinds of seafoods. B. They are built overwater. C. They enjoy convenient communications. D. They provide a swimming pool. B Bookstores are fascinating places. That’s because the books on the shelves can take you away to magical lands, help you learn a foreign language, or cook a delicious meal. But when your community is too small to house a real brick and mortar bookstore, sometimes you have to improvise (即兴创作). A mobile bookstore that brings books around the country is the result. That is the case for Rita Collins, 70, who dreamed of opening a bookstore after retiring from teaching. A business planning class from the American Booksellers Association convinced Collins that opening a bookstore in the small town where she lives would not be sustainable. Eureka, Montana, located just seven miles from the Canadian border, only has a population of 1517. Collins asked her instructors about a traveling bookstore on wheels and they were skeptical. But she persevered. Collins was inspired by Dylan’s Mobile Bookstore, a traveling bookstore in Wales run by Jeff Towns. She contacted Jeff for advice but she was largely on her own when it came to building her bookstore. First she had to find a vehicle large enough to stand in. Then she had to have it refitted (给……整修) with shelves that would hold the books at a 15-degree angle so that they would stay in place while the vehicle is moving. Collins named her bookstore St. Rita’s Traveling Bookstore, which has been on the road since 2015. At first, she drove through Montana and then she made her first cross-country trip in 2016. After she retired in 2017, it became a full-time job all year round. Collins and her traveling bookstore have visited 30 states, stopping at festivals and events along the way. While the locations change, some things always stay the same. Collins loves meeting people and making connections. While she loves what she does, Collins doesn’t think she can keep doing it. In several years, she hopes to pass her traveling bookstore on to another book lover who will keep it on the road. 4. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To lead to the main topic of the text. B. To declare the importance of bookstores. C. To encourage the opening of bookstores. D. To provide detailed information about bookstores. 5. Why was Collins’ idea of running a bookstore in Eureka, Montana questioned? A. Because it would cost a lot of money. B. Because it wasn’t new to the locals. C. Because it was viewed as unworkable. D. Because it was based on the wisdom of Jeff. 6. Why were the shelves designed at a 15 degree angle? A. To hold more books. B. To beautify the mobile bookstore. C. To keep the bookstore’s balance. D. To protect the books from falling down. 7. Which is the suitable title for the text? A. A bookstore on wheels. B. The magic of bookstores. C. A cross-country bookstore. D. The birth of the traveling bookstore. C A seal (海豹) wearing a helmet with an antenna might look unusual, but eight Weddell seals, each with a 580g monitoring device (监测装置) on their heads, have been helping Japanese researchers survey the waters under the thick ice sheet in the Antarctic. Tapped for a research project between March and November 2017, these seals were equipped with the head-mounted conductivity, temperature and depth sensor, which allows scientists to collect observation information, such as water temperatures and salt levels, in areas with extremely terrible environmental conditions. Project leader Nobuo Kokubun said such research helps scientists discover the animals’ behavioural patterns. “During the summer, we can go to the Antarctic by icebreakers to conduct actual research activities, so that we can collect information there. But during the winter, such things cannot be done in so many places,” Kokubun said during an interview. “However, even in such a situation, many animals such as seals are living in the area of Antarctica, so I thought maybe they were useful,” Kokubun added. The information successfully gathered from seven seals showed one of them had traveled as far as 633km from the coast of Japan’s Showa Station in the Antarctic, while another had arrived a depth of 700m. Kokubun said the scientists also learned from the information that warm sea water from the upper layer (上层) in the open sea reached Antarctica from March through winter that year. The water flowed below the ice, bringing in sea creatures like Antarctic krill, a major food source for seals. In order to know further impact of global warming on Antarctic coastal areas, Kokubun next hopes to make the device small enough to fit other animals at the South Pole such as penguins. “The advantage of penguins is that they come back to the same place and we can collect information from them immediately. Also, we can use the devices on a large number of penguins so they can cover a wide area,” he said. 8. What’s the function of the device on seals’ heads? A. To help seals survive. B. To help scientists collect information. C. To prove the effects of global warming. D. To ensure seals see clearly under the water. 9. What do Kokubun’s words in Paragraph 3 mainly show? A. Doing research in Antarctica is difficult. B. Animals in Antarctica are worth studying. C. Animals in Antarctica are not afraid of cold. D. Some animals in Antarctica are great helpers. 10. How did the researchers probably feel after getting information? A. Worried. B. Confused. C. Encouraged. D. Disappointed. 11. Which of the following shows Kokubun’s opinion? A. The device should be improved. B. Seals don’t live on sea creatures. C. The research has been carried out on a large scale. D. Penguins should take the place of seals completely. D A recent study discovered that people are more influenced by their peers (同伴) to punish than they would be if making the decision on their own when participating in a group that is entrusted with selecting how to punish someone. “People can get together in a group and be intensified by the other people in their group to behave in ways they wouldn’t typically when alone, including becoming more punitive,” said Oriel FeldmanHall, an assistant professor of cognitive, linguistic and psychological sciences at Brown University and senior researcher on the study. FeldmanHall and her research team conducted five experiments involving almost 400 participants. In every experiment, participants chose whether or not to penalize the offender either individually or as a group. The research measured variations in partiality as well: In some experiments, the decision-maker was required to act as an objective juror; in others, they were instructed to pretend they were the victim of an unfair offer or a mock crime. The team found that as the number of pro-punishment people in the group increased, other participants become up to 40 percent more willing to recommend punishing a perpetrator (作恶者), FeldmanHall said. This pattern persisted whether the person in the experiment was a victim who had suffered harm or an unbiased juror. However, they also found some differences. Victims were more easily persuaded to accept punishment by their peers. Comparatively, jurors were less likely than victims to follow community norms, and they additionally considered the gravity of the offender’s crime while determining whether to punish. The researchers discovered that participants used both their peers’ preferences as a guidepost for how much they should value punishment and were less cautious about making decisions when they believed they were only one voice among many by using a computational model that describes how people use contextual information to make decisions. FeldmanHall said, “Although these results may seem alarming (使人害怕) in certain contexts, conformity can also be adaptive and it helps humans survive.” However, more research is needed to understand the extent to which people are willing to be flexible about moral decisions, she added. 12. What did Oriel FeldmanHall’s words in Paragraph 2 imply? A. People are kindhearted when they are alone. B. People in a group may force others to imitate their behaviors. C. People are more likely to take punitive measures when in a group. D. People tend to make decisions without being affected by peers. 13. What does the underlined word “persisted” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Maintained. B. Changed. C. Occurred. D. Dismissed. 14. What is FeldmanHall’s attitude towards the discovery? A. Ambiguous. B. Objective. C. Worried. D. Critical. 15. What is the main idea of this article? A. People use each other as a reference point all the time. B. FeldmanHall and her research team conducted some experiments. C. It is dangerous that people will conform to the group’s preferences. D. People are influenced by their peers, which leads to more severe punishments. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. ____16____ Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace. ____17____ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”. Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practise periods. They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practise the art of patience. ____18____ You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone — five minutes of successful patience — you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. ____19____ ____20____ You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration and hurt feelings. A. You are more easily annoyed and bothered. B. Over time, you may even become a patient person. C. Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. D. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. E. If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing. F. It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop. G. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don’t like it. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分、满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On a typical day, off the coast of a small Brazilian island, Joao Pereira de Souza was headed out ____21____. He was depressed to find that an oil spill had polluted the waters. Staring out at the polluted waves, he ____22____ it was not a good day to fish. But walking the beach that day, he found a ____23____ penguin, covered in oil and starving. Pereira took the penguin home, ____24____ cleaned it and spent the next week nursing it back to health. He named it Dindim. Dindim is a Magellanic penguin, a species known ____25____ living in the seas of South America. In order to breed, they must return to Patagonia, 8,000 kilometers from Pereira’s home. Pereira patiently took Dindim back to the ____26____ and taught him how to swim again. Soon enough, it was time for Dindim to ____27____ life in the wild. Pereira watched Dindim swim away, ____28____ it would be the last time he saw him. But the next June, Dindim returned. The two shared a tender beak-to-nose greeting, and Dindim stayed for a month, waddling around the ____29____ house. The time to leave arrived, and Pereira thought this ____30____ would be the last time he would see Dindim. ____31____ 11 months later, the penguin with a long memory returned again. It is a common belief among scientists that animals have short memories. So a couple of them put a ____32____ device on Dindim to see if it was indeed the same penguin that returned year after year. To their ____33____, but not Pereira’s, Dindim returned, year after year, for more than a decade. Love and nurture create a(n) ____34____ so deep that we can’t always explain it. It’s just something we feel, something we long to provide. And when we do, it lasts much longer than we ever ____35____. 21. A. walking B. fishing C. jogging D. playing 22. A. assumed B. predicted C. claimed D. decided 23. A. dying B. lovely C. sleeping D. struggling 24. A. gently B. quickly C. professionally D. casually 25. A. with B. by C. as D. for 26. A. ocean B. forest C. shelter D. field 27. A. adapt to B. adjust to C. return to D. come to 28. A. suggesting B. wishing C. knowing D. believing 29. A. employee’s B. fisherman’s C. farmer’s D. worker’s 30. A. normally B. surely C. nearly D. rarely 31. A. Thus B. Otherwise C. But D. And 32. A. research B. tracking C. experiment D. science 33. A. astonishment B. disappointment C. delight D. credit 34. A. emotion B. relationship C. bond D. truth 35. A. planned B. designed C. expected D. experienced 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our understanding of prenatal (胎儿期的) health could reach new heights thanks to the development of a “placenta-on-a-chip.” Developed by Nicole Hashemi and her research team, this innovative technology has the potential ____36____ (advance) personalized medicine and improve the safety of prenatal treatments. The placenta (胎盘) is a ____37____ (fascinate) organ that plays a crucial role in fetal development. It acts as a barrier between the mother’s and the fetus’s blood supply, ____38____ (allow) the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products while protecting the fetus from harmful substances. ____39____, studying the placenta in real time has been ____40____ challenge for researchers, as it is difficult to observe without invasive procedures. This is where the placenta-on-a-chip ____41____ (come) in. By pumping fluids through the model, researchers can test ____42____ various substances, such as medicines and nutrients, cross the placental barrier from mother to fetus and vice versa. This technology could help scientists ____43____ (good) understand the complex ____44____ (process) that occur within the placenta and how they affect fetal development. Hashemi and her team have been working on this project since 2015, and their ____45____ (persist) is finally paying off. With a recent National Science Foundation (NSF) Mid-Career Advancement grant, the researchers can now explore new developments in sensing, personalized medicine, and commercialization. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是校英语俱乐部负责人李华，你邀请到了英国电脑专家Chris教授作主题为“Be smart online learners”的讲座。请你在讲座前简要发言，内容包括： 1．相关介绍； 2．注意事项。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Last summer, my team and I traveled to a reserve in Indiana for field work. After five hours, we finally arrived. We had been looking forward to this trip for over a year. We decided to stay at a local hotel and walk into the reserve the next day Upon the information we received at the visitor center the next morning, we ultimately decided to hike on a canyon trail. It was supposed to be a calm day and it was supposed to bean easy job in the reserve. Little did I know that day would become one of the scariest in my life. To be prepared for our journey, we brought along plenty of water and snacks. We kept moving and were on our way. With the purpose of studying different species, I tried to identify various types of trees and animals. I noticed an unknown creature running away “Ill catch up with you guys,” I told my teammates. They continued on the path while imindlessly followed the creature. It had a short tail and its coat was a shade of beige (米色) with spots on it, unlike anything I had seen before. After following it fora while, I was able to get a close-up view, and determined it to be a bobcat (短尾猫), which was not friendly to me. When I realized it,it was too late, because I had wandered off the trail. Never having been in this situation before, I was completely confused. What should I do? Since there was no cell phone reception, I knew calling for help was out of the picture. At this point, I realized I would have to be responsible and get back to the trail. I had to abandon all fears and go in “survival mode” to get to safety. “Help! Help!” I screamed, but the high wind was the only response. Trying to backtrack to my route, I only got deeper into the wilderness 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Suddenly, I heard a sound come from behind me. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I had to take action to ensure safety. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年高三摸底考试 英语 2026.8 注意事项： 1．本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。 3．本试卷命题范围：高考范围。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1．Which country has rules about making beer? A．Germany. B．The UK. C．Belgium. 2．When did the woman go for a walk? A．In the morning. B．In the afternoon. C．In the evening. 3．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Mother and son. B．Master and servant. C．Tour guide and tourist. 4．How will the man pay for the shopping? A．With a card. B．With his cash. C．With the woman’s money. 5．What is the weather like now? A．Rainy. B．Cloudy. C．Sunny. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Where are the speakers? A．In a car. B．At a cave. C．Inside a house. 7．What will the speakers do next? A．Brush their hair. B．Make some rules. C．Put on their hats. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8．At what time does the man usually arrive at school? A．9:00 a. m. B．9:10 a. m. C．9:30 a. m. 9．What does the woman suggest the man do? A．Ask his mom to leave earlier. B．Use the public transport. C．Drop his sister off first. 10．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．The man’s lateness. B．Work meetings’ plans. C．School classes’ organization. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11．What does the man think of the cake? A．It is normal. B．It is delicious. C．It is disappointing. 12．Why is the woman glad to see the man? A．She is lonely. B．He will help her. C．He is a family member. 13．What will the woman consider doing? A．Moving to another community. B．Seeing her family more often. C．Running a cake shop. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14．How does the woman feel about the recycling rules? A．Confused. B．Confirmed. C．Content. 15．Which items will be regarded as general waste? A．Cans. B．Bottles. C．Envelopes. 16．What is the problem with the plate? A．It is too big. B．It is too dirty. C．It can’t be recycled. 17．When is the recycling collected? A．On Tuesday. B．On Wednesday. C．On Thursday. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18．What is probably the speaker’s job? A．A hotel manager. B．A weather reporter. C．An air traffic controller. 19．Where will most of the passengers sleep? A．In the airport hotel. B．In the airport lounge. C．In the airport terminal. 20．What will the speaker probably do within the next hour? A．Announce additional information. B．Give passengers ticket refunds. C．Let people get ready for departure. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A If you want to find a place of interest to spend your summer vacation, think about the following locations. The Nautilus Maldives Opened in 2019, this independent, Maldivian-owned resort (度假村) is the island nation’s only Relais & Chateaux property. It’s located off a beautiful sandy island in the Indian Ocean, which has been officially recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve for its stunning coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and various marine life. Splendid, oversized accommodations are balanced with plain inners, intended to be in harmony with the surrounding natural scenery. Six Senses Laamu, the Maldives Sustainability lies at the core of the unique, luxurious resort in the Maldives’ isolated Laamu Atoll. The three-storied overwater buildings are constructed of local materials, which brings money to nearby island communities. Follow it up with a meal made from produce grown in the islands’ gardens without using artificial chemicals and freshly caught seafood from local fishermen. Finally, treat yourself to one of the many spa treatments at the Six Senses Spa overlooking the ocean. Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora, French Polynesia Built along a small island, the overwater buildings at the Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora rise over the island’s blue waters. Their decor is inspired by the natural style of a traditional Polynesian village, and all have indoor-outdoor spaces with ladders for access to the lake. Choose from one of three views: beach, lake, or, our favorite, mountain. Banana Island Resort Doha by Anantara, Qatar On a private island twenty minutes by boat from Qatar’s capital city, this resort houses the Persian Gulf’s 11 Maldivian-inspired overwater buildings on a scale only found in the Middle East. Think: two and three-bedroom units (beginning at 2,500 square feet), each equipped with facilities like a private full-sized swimming pool. 1. What is the advantage of the buildings in Six Senses Laamu? A. They have an informal atmosphere. B. They have been lovingly restored. C. They bring economic benefits to the locals. D. They are in harmony with the surroundings. 2. Where may a visitor go if he likes Polynesian style architecture? A. The Nautilus Maldives. B. Six Senses Laamu, the Maldives. C. Banana Island Resort Doha by Anantara, Qatar. D. Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora, French Polynesia. 3. What do these four resorts have in common? A. They own all kinds of seafoods. B. They are built overwater. C. They enjoy convenient communications. D. They provide a swimming pool. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了四个各具特色的度假村，包括其位置、环保理念、建筑风格和设施特点。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Six Senses Laamu, the Maldives部分中“The three-storied overwater buildings are constructed of local materials, which brings money to nearby island communities. (这些三层水上建筑由当地材料建造，为附近岛屿社区带来了收入)”可知，Six Senses Laamu的建筑优势在于为当地人带来了经济利益。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora, French Polynesia部分中“Their decor is inspired by the natural style of a traditional Polynesian village (它们的装饰灵感来自传统波利尼西亚村庄的自然风格)”可知，喜欢波利尼西亚风格建筑的游客可以去法属波利尼西亚的Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Nautilus Maldives部分中“It’s located off a beautiful sandy island in the Indian Ocean,...Splendid, oversized accommodations are balanced with plain inners, intended to be in harmony with the surrounding natural scenery. (它座落于印度洋上一个美丽的沙岛旁，……华丽、超大的住宿空间与朴素的内部陈设相平衡，旨在与周围的自然景色和谐相融)”、Six Senses Laamu, the Maldives部分中“The three-storied overwater buildings (三层水上建筑)”、Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora, French Polynesia部分中“the overwater buildings at the Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora rise over the island’s blue waters (波拉波拉四季度假村的水上建筑矗立在岛屿的蓝色水域之上)”和Banana Island Resort Doha by Anantara, Qatar部分中“this resort houses the Persian Gulf’s 11 Maldivian-inspired overwater buildings (这个度假村拥有波斯湾11座受马尔代夫启发的水上建筑)”可推知，这四个度假村的共同点是都建在水上。 B Bookstores are fascinating places. That’s because the books on the shelves can take you away to magical lands, help you learn a foreign language, or cook a delicious meal. But when your community is too small to house a real brick and mortar bookstore, sometimes you have to improvise (即兴创作). A mobile bookstore that brings books around the country is the result. That is the case for Rita Collins, 70, who dreamed of opening a bookstore after retiring from teaching. A business planning class from the American Booksellers Association convinced Collins that opening a bookstore in the small town where she lives would not be sustainable. Eureka, Montana, located just seven miles from the Canadian border, only has a population of 1517. Collins asked her instructors about a traveling bookstore on wheels and they were skeptical. But she persevered. Collins was inspired by Dylan’s Mobile Bookstore, a traveling bookstore in Wales run by Jeff Towns. She contacted Jeff for advice but she was largely on her own when it came to building her bookstore. First she had to find a vehicle large enough to stand in. Then she had to have it refitted (给……整修) with shelves that would hold the books at a 15-degree angle so that they would stay in place while the vehicle is moving. Collins named her bookstore St. Rita’s Traveling Bookstore, which has been on the road since 2015. At first, she drove through Montana and then she made her first cross-country trip in 2016. After she retired in 2017, it became a full-time job all year round. Collins and her traveling bookstore have visited 30 states, stopping at festivals and events along the way. While the locations change, some things always stay the same. Collins loves meeting people and making connections. While she loves what she does, Collins doesn’t think she can keep doing it. In several years, she hopes to pass her traveling bookstore on to another book lover who will keep it on the road. 4. What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To lead to the main topic of the text. B. To declare the importance of bookstores. C. To encourage the opening of bookstores. D. To provide detailed information about bookstores. 5. Why was Collins’ idea of running a bookstore in Eureka, Montana questioned? A. Because it would cost a lot of money. B. Because it wasn’t new to the locals. C. Because it was viewed as unworkable. D. Because it was based on the wisdom of Jeff. 6. Why were the shelves designed at a 15 degree angle? A. To hold more books. B. To beautify the mobile bookstore. C. To keep the bookstore’s balance. D. To protect the books from falling down. 7. Which is the suitable title for the text? A. A bookstore on wheels. B. The magic of bookstores. C. A cross-country bookstore. D. The birth of the traveling bookstore. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述70岁的Rita Collins因为小镇人口太少，无法开办实体书店，于是打造了一辆移动书店的故事。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“But when your community is too small to house a real brick and mortar bookstore, sometimes you have to improvise (即兴创作). A mobile bookstore that brings books around the country is the result. That is the case for Rita Collins, 70, who dreamed of opening a bookstore after retiring from teaching.(但如果所在社区规模太小，放不下一家真正的实体书店，那有时就得另想办法。于是，一种能把书籍带到全国各地的移动书店便应运而生。70岁的丽塔・柯林斯就是这样，她从教师岗位退休后，一直梦想开一家书店。)”可知，第一段先讲书店很迷人，接着转折引出：小镇太小无法开设实体书店，于是就有了移动书店，顺势引出本文主人公 Rita Collins 的故事。由此可知，第一段的目的是引出文章主题。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“A business planning class from the American Booksellers Association convinced Collins that opening a bookstore in the small town where she lives would not be sustainable. Eureka, Montana, located just seven miles from the Canadian border, only has a population of 1517. Collins asked her instructors about a traveling bookstore on wheels and they were skeptical.(美国书商协会开设的一门商业规划课让柯林斯明白：在她居住的这个小镇开一家书店是无法持续经营的。蒙大拿州的尤里卡镇距离加拿大边境仅7英里，人口只有 1517人。柯林斯向授课老师咨询关于“车轮上的移动书店”的想法，老师们对此持怀疑态度。)”可知，当地人口仅1517人，行业课程的专业判断直接认定在小镇开实体书店无法长期维持，她提出移动书店的想法后，导师们也都持怀疑态度，本质就是认为这个方案不具备可操作性。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Then she had to have it refitted with shelves that would hold the books at a 15 degree angle so that they would stay in place while the vehicle is moving.(之后她必须对车辆进行改装，装上呈15度倾角的书架。这样，车辆行驶的时候，书本就能保持原位，不会滑落。)”可知，移动书店的每一层书架倾斜15度角，是为了防止书籍在运行过程中掉落。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。文章讲述70岁的Rita Collins因为小镇人口太少，无法开办实体书店，于是打造了一辆移动书店的故事。由此可知，A项“车轮上的书店”为最合适的标题。 C A seal (海豹) wearing a helmet with an antenna might look unusual, but eight Weddell seals, each with a 580g monitoring device (监测装置) on their heads, have been helping Japanese researchers survey the waters under the thick ice sheet in the Antarctic. Tapped for a research project between March and November 2017, these seals were equipped with the head-mounted conductivity, temperature and depth sensor, which allows scientists to collect observation information, such as water temperatures and salt levels, in areas with extremely terrible environmental conditions. Project leader Nobuo Kokubun said such research helps scientists discover the animals’ behavioural patterns. “During the summer, we can go to the Antarctic by icebreakers to conduct actual research activities, so that we can collect information there. But during the winter, such things cannot be done in so many places,” Kokubun said during an interview. “However, even in such a situation, many animals such as seals are living in the area of Antarctica, so I thought maybe they were useful,” Kokubun added. The information successfully gathered from seven seals showed one of them had traveled as far as 633km from the coast of Japan’s Showa Station in the Antarctic, while another had arrived a depth of 700m. Kokubun said the scientists also learned from the information that warm sea water from the upper layer (上层) in the open sea reached Antarctica from March through winter that year. The water flowed below the ice, bringing in sea creatures like Antarctic krill, a major food source for seals. In order to know further impact of global warming on Antarctic coastal areas, Kokubun next hopes to make the device small enough to fit other animals at the South Pole such as penguins. “The advantage of penguins is that they come back to the same place and we can collect information from them immediately. Also, we can use the devices on a large number of penguins so they can cover a wide area,” he said. 8. What’s the function of the device on seals’ heads? A. To help seals survive. B. To help scientists collect information. C. To prove the effects of global warming. D. To ensure seals see clearly under the water. 9. What do Kokubun’s words in Paragraph 3 mainly show? A. Doing research in Antarctica is difficult. B. Animals in Antarctica are worth studying. C. Animals in Antarctica are not afraid of cold. D. Some animals in Antarctica are great helpers. 10. How did the researchers probably feel after getting information? A. Worried. B. Confused. C. Encouraged. D. Disappointed. 11. Which of the following shows Kokubun’s opinion? A. The device should be improved. B. Seals don’t live on sea creatures. C. The research has been carried out on a large scale. D. Penguins should take the place of seals completely. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了研究者在韦德尔海豹头上安装监测设备，借助它们获取南极冰下水域数据。研究收获不错，项目负责人计划缩小装置，未来用于企鹅，继续探究全球变暖对南极海岸的影响。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Tapped for a research project between March and November 2017, these seals were equipped with the head-mounted conductivity, temperature and depth sensor, which allows scientists to collect observation information, such as water temperatures and salt levels, in areas with extremely terrible environmental conditions.(这些海豹于2017年3月至11月期间被用于一项研究项目，配备了头戴式电导率、温度和深度传感器，使科学家能够在极端恶劣的环境条件下收集水温、盐度等观测数据)”可知，研究人员给海豹身上安装监视装置是为了搜集信息。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“However, even in such a situation, many animals such as seals are living in the area of Antarctica, so I thought maybe they were useful(然而，即便在这样的情况下，许多动物如海豹仍生活在南极地区，所以我想到也许它们是有用的)”可知，一些南极的动物是很好的帮手。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The information successfully gathered from seven seals showed one of them had traveled as far as 633km from the coast of Japan’s Showa Station in the Antarctic, while another had arrived a depth of 700m. Kokubun said the scientists also learned from the information that warm sea water from the upper layer (上层) in the open sea reached Antarctica from March through winter that year. The water flowed below the ice, bringing in sea creatures like Antarctic krill, a major food source for seals.(从七只海豹身上收集到的信息显示，其中一只最远游到了距离日本位于南极的昭和站海岸633公里的位置，另一只则抵达了700米深的水下。Kokubun表示，科学家还从这些信息中了解到，自当年三月起，温暖的海水从开阔海域上层一直流至南极，并在冰层下方流动，带来了南极磷虾等海洋生物，而后者是海豹的重要食物来源)”可知，海豹搜集来很多信息，这样的收获会让研究人员深受鼓舞。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In order to know further impact of global warming on Antarctic coastal areas, Kokubun next hopes to make the device small enough to fit other animals at the South Pole such as penguins.(为了进一步了解全球变暖对南极沿海地区的影响，Kokubun接下来希望将该设备做得足够小巧，以便安装在南极的其他动物身上，例如企鹅)”可知，Kokubun认为这些装置可以加以改进，以便适用于其他类型的动物。 D A recent study discovered that people are more influenced by their peers (同伴) to punish than they would be if making the decision on their own when participating in a group that is entrusted with selecting how to punish someone. “People can get together in a group and be intensified by the other people in their group to behave in ways they wouldn’t typically when alone, including becoming more punitive,” said Oriel FeldmanHall, an assistant professor of cognitive, linguistic and psychological sciences at Brown University and senior researcher on the study. FeldmanHall and her research team conducted five experiments involving almost 400 participants. In every experiment, participants chose whether or not to penalize the offender either individually or as a group. The research measured variations in partiality as well: In some experiments, the decision-maker was required to act as an objective juror; in others, they were instructed to pretend they were the victim of an unfair offer or a mock crime. The team found that as the number of pro-punishment people in the group increased, other participants become up to 40 percent more willing to recommend punishing a perpetrator (作恶者), FeldmanHall said. This pattern persisted whether the person in the experiment was a victim who had suffered harm or an unbiased juror. However, they also found some differences. Victims were more easily persuaded to accept punishment by their peers. Comparatively, jurors were less likely than victims to follow community norms, and they additionally considered the gravity of the offender’s crime while determining whether to punish. The researchers discovered that participants used both their peers’ preferences as a guidepost for how much they should value punishment and were less cautious about making decisions when they believed they were only one voice among many by using a computational model that describes how people use contextual information to make decisions. FeldmanHall said, “Although these results may seem alarming (使人害怕) in certain contexts, conformity can also be adaptive and it helps humans survive.” However, more research is needed to understand the extent to which people are willing to be flexible about moral decisions, she added. 12. What did Oriel FeldmanHall’s words in Paragraph 2 imply? A. People are kindhearted when they are alone. B. People in a group may force others to imitate their behaviors. C. People are more likely to take punitive measures when in a group. D. People tend to make decisions without being affected by peers. 13. What does the underlined word “persisted” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Maintained. B. Changed. C. Occurred. D. Dismissed. 14. What is FeldmanHall’s attitude towards the discovery? A. Ambiguous. B. Objective. C. Worried. D. Critical. 15. What is the main idea of this article? A. People use each other as a reference point all the time. B. FeldmanHall and her research team conducted some experiments. C. It is dangerous that people will conform to the group’s preferences. D. People are influenced by their peers, which leads to more severe punishments. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了一项心理学研究发现：人们在群体中做出惩罚他人的决定时，会受到同伴的影响，比独自做决定时更倾向于采取惩罚措施；文章同时介绍了实验过程、具体研究结果以及研究者对这一从众现象的客观评价。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第2段中Oriel FeldmanHall说的话“People can get together in a group and be intensified by the other people in their group to behave in ways they wouldn’t typically when alone, including becoming more punitive(人们聚在群体中时，会受到群体内其他人的影响，做出自己独处时通常不会有的行为，包括变得更具惩罚性)”可知，人在群体中惩罚倾向会增强。由此推知，人们处于群体中时更有可能采取惩罚措施。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第4段中画线词“persisted”后面的“whether the person in the experiment was a victim who had suffered harm or an unbiased juror(无论实验中的参与者是遭受过伤害的受害者，还是中立的陪审员)”可知，whether...or...列举了两种完全不同的受试身份，表明在这两种不同的条件下，前文的规律都没有发生改变、依然成立。因此画线词应含有“保持、维持”之意。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第6段中FeldmanHall说的话“Although these results may seem alarming (使人害怕) in certain contexts, conformity can also be adaptive and it helps humans survive.(尽管在某些场景下这些结果看起来令人担忧，但从众行为同样具有适应性，能够帮助人类生存下去。)”以及“However, more research is needed to understand the extent to which people are willing to be flexible about moral decisions(然而，仍需开展更多研究，以了解人们在道德决策方面愿意保持灵活的程度)”可知，FeldmanHall既指出了研究发现可能存在的消极影响，也提到了其积极价值，同时表示仍需进一步研究。由此推断FeldmanHall的态度客观。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第1段“A recent study discovered that people are more influenced by their peers (同伴) to punish than they would be if making the decision on their own when participating in a group that is entrusted with selecting how to punish someone.(一项近期研究发现，当人们身处一个受托决定如何惩罚他人的群体中时，相比独自做决定的情况，他们更容易受到同伴影响而做出惩罚行为。)”可知，全文围绕“同伴影响对群体惩罚决策的作用”展开，依次介绍了研究背景、实验设计、核心发现与研究者评价。由此可知，D项表示“人们受同伴影响，进而导致更严厉的惩罚。”，为本文主旨。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. ____16____ Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace. ____17____ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”. Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practise periods. They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practise the art of patience. ____18____ You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone — five minutes of successful patience — you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. ____19____ ____20____ You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration and hurt feelings. A. You are more easily annoyed and bothered. B. Over time, you may even become a patient person. C. Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. D. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. E. If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing. F. It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop. G. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don’t like it. 【答案】16. A 17. G 18. D 19. B 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了耐心对内心平和的重要意义，举例说明耐心在生活场景中的体现，讲述可以通过刻意练习培养耐心，拥有耐心能够帮助人们换视角看待困境。 【16题详解】 上文“Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. (没有耐心，生活会非常令人沮丧)”指出缺乏耐心的坏处。A选项“You are more easily annoyed and bothered. (你会更容易烦躁、心烦)”承接上文，把这种沮丧的感受具体化，进一步描述缺少耐心带来的状态。 【17题详解】 下文“If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. (如果你遇上堵车、约会迟到，保持耐心意味着在情绪失控前不让负面想法越积越多，温和提醒自己放松)”举堵车迟到的例子解释什么是保持耐心。G选项“Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don’t like it. (变得更有耐心意味着接纳当下，哪怕你并不喜欢当下的处境)”总起本段，引出下文例子。 【18题详解】 上文“They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practise the art of patience. (这就是我在心里设定的用来练习耐心的时间段)”介绍练习耐心的时段；下文“You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. (你可以从短短五分钟开始，慢慢培养自己的耐心)”说明练习的时长安排。D选项“Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. (生活本身就是课堂，课程就是学会耐心)”承接上文练习耐心的话题，引出下文具体练习方法。 【19题详解】 上文“Once you reach little milestone — five minutes of successful patience — you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. (一旦你完成小目标——成功保持五分钟耐心，你就会发现自己确实有耐心，甚至可以坚持更久)”说明耐心练习取得小成就；B选项“Over time, you may even become a patient person. (久而久之，你甚至会成为一个有耐心的人)”承接上文，说明坚持练习带来的最终效果。 【20题详解】 下文“You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. (你会发现哪怕是困境，比如当下的难题，也并非生死攸关，只是需要处理的小阻碍)”讲有耐心时看待事情的视角；C选项“Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. (保持耐心会帮你保持正确视角)”总起本段，引出下文的对比论述。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分、满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 On a typical day, off the coast of a small Brazilian island, Joao Pereira de Souza was headed out ____21____. He was depressed to find that an oil spill had polluted the waters. Staring out at the polluted waves, he ____22____ it was not a good day to fish. But walking the beach that day, he found a ____23____ penguin, covered in oil and starving. Pereira took the penguin home, ____24____ cleaned it and spent the next week nursing it back to health. He named it Dindim. Dindim is a Magellanic penguin, a species known ____25____ living in the seas of South America. In order to breed, they must return to Patagonia, 8,000 kilometers from Pereira’s home. Pereira patiently took Dindim back to the ____26____ and taught him how to swim again. Soon enough, it was time for Dindim to ____27____ life in the wild. Pereira watched Dindim swim away, ____28____ it would be the last time he saw him. But the next June, Dindim returned. The two shared a tender beak-to-nose greeting, and Dindim stayed for a month, waddling around the ____29____ house. The time to leave arrived, and Pereira thought this ____30____ would be the last time he would see Dindim. ____31____ 11 months later, the penguin with a long memory returned again. It is a common belief among scientists that animals have short memories. So a couple of them put a ____32____ device on Dindim to see if it was indeed the same penguin that returned year after year. To their ____33____, but not Pereira’s, Dindim returned, year after year, for more than a decade. Love and nurture create a(n) ____34____ so deep that we can’t always explain it. It’s just something we feel, something we long to provide. And when we do, it lasts much longer than we ever ____35____. 21. A. walking B. fishing C. jogging D. playing 22. A. assumed B. predicted C. claimed D. decided 23. A. dying B. lovely C. sleeping D. struggling 24. A. gently B. quickly C. professionally D. casually 25. A. with B. by C. as D. for 26. A. ocean B. forest C. shelter D. field 27. A. adapt to B. adjust to C. return to D. come to 28. A. suggesting B. wishing C. knowing D. believing 29. A. employee’s B. fisherman’s C. farmer’s D. worker’s 30. A. normally B. surely C. nearly D. rarely 31. A. Thus B. Otherwise C. But D. And 32. A. research B. tracking C. experiment D. science 33. A. astonishment B. disappointment C. delight D. credit 34. A. emotion B. relationship C. bond D. truth 35. A. planned B. designed C. expected D. experienced 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了巴西渔民Joao救了一只油污缠身的企鹅Dindim，放生后企鹅年年回来探望。科学家装上追踪设备，证实这份深厚羁绊远超人们预想。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：在巴西一座小岛海岸外平常的一天，若昂·佩雷拉·德·索萨正要出门捕鱼。A. walking散步；B. fishing捕鱼；C. jogging慢跑；D. playing玩耍。后文提到“it was not a good day to fish”说明他是出去捕鱼。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：望着被污染的海浪，他认定这天不适合捕鱼。A. assumed假定；B. predicted预测；C. claimed声称；D. decided断定、认定。根据上文“Staring out at the polluted waves”可知，看到海水被油污污染，他得出结论不适合捕鱼，decided表示经过观察得出判断。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但是那天在海滩散步时，他发现一只苦苦挣扎的企鹅，浑身沾满油污，饥肠辘辘。A. dying垂死的；B. lovely可爱的；C. sleeping睡觉的；D. struggling挣扎的。根据后文“penguin, covered in oil and starving”可知，企鹅身上有油、挨饿，是正在艰难挣扎。 【24题详解】 考查副词。句意：佩雷拉把企鹅带回家，轻柔地清理它，并且在接下来一周精心照料它恢复健康。A. gently轻柔地；B. quickly快速地；C. professionally专业地；D. casually随意地。根据第一段“penguin, covered in oil and starving”可知，救助受伤虚弱的企鹅，动作应当轻柔。 【25题详解】 考查介词。句意：丁迪姆是一只麦哲伦企鹅，这个物种以生活在南美洲海域闻名。A. with和；B. by通过；C. as作为；D. for因为。根据后文“living in the seas of South America”指这个物种以生活在南美洲海域闻名。固定搭配be known for表示“因……闻名”。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：佩雷拉耐心地带丁迪姆回到大海，重新教它如何游泳。A. ocean海洋；B. forest森林；C. shelter庇护所；D. field田野。根据后文“and taught him how to swim again.”可知，企鹅生活在海洋，要教它游泳就要到大海。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：很快，到了丁迪姆回归野外生活的时候。A. adapt to适应；B. adjust to调整适应；C. return to回到；D. come to来到。根据后文“life in the wild.  Pereira watched Dindim swim away”可知，企鹅之前被带回家救助，现在是回到野外生活。 【28题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：佩雷拉看着丁迪姆游远，相信这会是他最后一次见到它。A. suggesting表明；B. wishing希望；C. knowing知道；D. believing相信。根据后文“it would be the last time he saw him”可知，他主观相信企鹅离开后不会再回来。 【29题详解】 考查名词所有格。句意：二者用喙碰鼻子温柔地打招呼，丁迪姆待了一个月，在这位渔民的房子周围摇摇摆摆走动。A. employee’s雇员的；B. fisherman’s渔民的；C. farmer’s农民的；D. worker’s工人的。根据第一段“it was not a good day to fish”可知，Joao是出海捕鱼的人，是渔民。 【30题详解】 考查副词。句意：离别的时刻到来了，佩雷拉心想这肯定会是他最后一次见到丁迪姆。A. normally正常地；B. surely肯定、想必；C. nearly几乎；D. rarely很少。根据后文“would be the last time he would see Dindim”可知，他再次认为企鹅一走就不会再来，surely加强主观推测语气。 【31题详解】 考查连词。句意：但是11个月之后，这只记忆力很好的企鹅又回来了。A. Thus因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. But但是；D. And并且。前文讲述他觉得再也见不到企鹅，后文提到企鹅再次归来，存在转折关系，用but。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：于是几位科学家在丁迪姆身上装上追踪设备，想确认年年回来的是不是同一只企鹅。A. research研究；B. tracking追踪；C. experiment实验；D. science科学。根据后文“device on Dindim to see if it was indeed the same penguin that returned year after year”可知，几位科学家在丁迪姆身上装上追踪设备，想确认年年回来的是不是同一只企鹅。tracking device表示“追踪装置”，用来监测企鹅。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：令科学家们惊讶的是（但佩雷拉并不意外），十多年来丁迪姆年复一年回来。A. astonishment惊讶；B. disappointment失望；C. delight高兴；D. credit赞扬。根据上文“It is a common belief among scientists that animals have short memories.”以及后文“not Pereira’s, Dindim returned, year after year, for more than a decade”可知，科学家本来认为动物记忆差，企鹅却年年回访，所以科学家感到惊讶，to one’s astonishment表示“令某人惊讶的是”。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：爱与照顾造就了一种如此深厚的羁绊，我们常常无法解释。A. emotion情绪；B. relationship关系；C. bond羁绊、联结；D. truth真相。根据第四段“Dindim returned, year after year, for more than a decade.”可知，企鹅每年回来探望渔民，他们之间有深厚的羁绊。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：当我们付出爱与照料时，这份情感维系持续的时间远超我们曾经预想。A. planned计划；B. designed设计；C. expected预料、预想；D. experienced经历。根据第四段“for more than a decade”可知，事情持续的时间比当初预想的更长。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our understanding of prenatal (胎儿期的) health could reach new heights thanks to the development of a “placenta-on-a-chip.” Developed by Nicole Hashemi and her research team, this innovative technology has the potential ____36____ (advance) personalized medicine and improve the safety of prenatal treatments. The placenta (胎盘) is a ____37____ (fascinate) organ that plays a crucial role in fetal development. It acts as a barrier between the mother’s and the fetus’s blood supply, ____38____ (allow) the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products while protecting the fetus from harmful substances. ____39____, studying the placenta in real time has been ____40____ challenge for researchers, as it is difficult to observe without invasive procedures. This is where the placenta-on-a-chip ____41____ (come) in. By pumping fluids through the model, researchers can test ____42____ various substances, such as medicines and nutrients, cross the placental barrier from mother to fetus and vice versa. This technology could help scientists ____43____ (good) understand the complex ____44____ (process) that occur within the placenta and how they affect fetal development. Hashemi and her team have been working on this project since 2015, and their ____45____ (persist) is finally paying off. With a recent National Science Foundation (NSF) Mid-Career Advancement grant, the researchers can now explore new developments in sensing, personalized medicine, and commercialization. 【答案】36. to advance 37. fascinating 38. allowing 39. However 40. a 41. comes 42. how 43. better 44. processes 45. persistence 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了妮可·哈什米团队研发的“胎盘芯片”可突破胎盘活体研究难题，助力探明胎盘功能机制，推动产前医疗发展，其多年研究终获资助。 【36题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：这项由妮可·哈什米及其研究团队研发的创新技术，有望推动个性化医疗的发展，并提升产前治疗的安全性。此处固定搭配have the potential to do sth.意为 “有潜力做某事”，因此填动词不定式to advance。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：胎盘是一个令人着迷的器官，在胎儿发育中起着至关重要的作用。空格处修饰名词organ，需用形容词；fascinate的形容词形式fascinating意为“奇妙的、极具吸引力的”，用于描述事物的性质。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它作为母亲和胎儿血液供应之间的屏障，允许营养物质、氧气和废物的交换，同时保护胎儿免受有害物质的侵害。句子已有谓语动词acts，空格处为非谓语；主语It（胎盘）与allow是主动关系，用现在分词allowing作结果状语。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，研究人员长期以来一直难以实时观察胎盘，因为非侵入性手段很难直接观测到其内部过程。前文介绍胎盘的重要功能，后文指出实时研究胎盘存在难度，前后为转折关系；空后有逗号，用转折副词However，首字母大写。 【40题详解】 考查冠词。句意：然而，研究人员长期以来一直难以实时观察胎盘，因为非侵入性手段很难直接观测到其内部过程。challenge是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一项挑战”，且 challenge以辅音音素开头，填不定冠词a。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这时，“芯片上的胎盘”技术便派上了用场。由主句动词is可知，此处从句为一般现在时，主语the placenta-on-a-chip是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式comes；come in是固定短语，意为“派上用场、发挥作用”。 【42题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：通过向模型中注入液体，研究人员可以测试药物、营养素等不同物质如何从母亲向胎儿或从胎儿向母亲跨过胎盘屏障。空格处引导宾语从句，作test的宾语。结合科研语境，研究者通过芯片测试的是各类物质以何种方式、如何穿过胎盘屏障，侧重探究过程与机制，因此用how引导从句。 【43题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：这项技术有助于科学家更深入地理解胎盘内部复杂的生理过程及其对胎儿发育的影响。空格处修饰动词understand，需用副词；结合句意“这项技术能帮助科学家更好地理解”，用good的副词比较级better。 【44题详解】 考查名词复数形式。句意：这项技术有助于科学家更深入地理解胎盘内部复杂的生理过程及其对胎儿发育的影响。空格后定语从句的谓语动词occur为原形，说明先行词是复数，因此process变为复数形式processes。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：哈什米及其团队自2015年起便致力于这一项目，他们的坚持终于得到了回报。空格前是形容词性物主代词their，需接名词；persist的名词形式是persistence，意为“坚持、毅力”。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是校英语俱乐部负责人李华，你邀请到了英国电脑专家Chris教授作主题为“Be smart online learners”的讲座。请你在讲座前简要发言，内容包括： 1．相关介绍； 2．注意事项。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Dear fellow students, So privileged are we that today Professor Chris will deliver a lecture themed Be smart online learners for us. Therefore, please allow me to represent us students to express our heartfelt gratitude and warm welcome to him. During this lecture, not only will Professor Chris share with us how to be smart online learners, but he will also lead us to learn how to make full use of the online resources. Most importantly, while enjoying this lecture, we will surely have a brand-new understanding of network learning. Moreover, everyone attending this lecture is required to listen carefully and take notes if necessary. Hopefully, we will have a pleasant time together. That’s all. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】本次书面表达要求考生就英国电脑专家Chris教授以“Be smart online learners”为主题开展的讲座写一篇简要的发言稿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 表达：express → convey 真挚的：heartfelt → sincere/genuine 利用：make full use of → take full advantage of 令人愉快的：pleasant → delightful 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Hopefully, we will have a pleasant time together. 拓展句：Hopefully, we will have a pleasant time together, which I truly believe will make this lecture memorable. 【点睛】[高分句型1] So privileged are we that today Professor Chris will deliver a lecture themed Be smart online learners for us. （运用了“So + adj. + be + 主语 + that...”的倒装句型） [高分句型2]During this lecture, not only will Professor Chris share with us how to be smart online learners, but he will also lead us to learn how to make full use of the online resources. （运用了“not only... but also...”引导的倒装句式，且句中包含how+不定式作宾语的结构） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Last summer, my team and I traveled to a reserve in Indiana for field work. After five hours, we finally arrived. We had been looking forward to this trip for over a year. We decided to stay at a local hotel and walk into the reserve the next day Upon the information we received at the visitor center the next morning, we ultimately decided to hike on a canyon trail. It was supposed to be a calm day and it was supposed to bean easy job in the reserve. Little did I know that day would become one of the scariest in my life. To be prepared for our journey, we brought along plenty of water and snacks. We kept moving and were on our way. With the purpose of studying different species, I tried to identify various types of trees and animals. I noticed an unknown creature running away “Ill catch up with you guys,” I told my teammates. They continued on the path while imindlessly followed the creature. It had a short tail and its coat was a shade of beige (米色) with spots on it, unlike anything I had seen before. After following it fora while, I was able to get a close-up view, and determined it to be a bobcat (短尾猫), which was not friendly to me. When I realized it,it was too late, because I had wandered off the trail. Never having been in this situation before, I was completely confused. What should I do? Since there was no cell phone reception, I knew calling for help was out of the picture. At this point, I realized I would have to be responsible and get back to the trail. I had to abandon all fears and go in “survival mode” to get to safety. “Help! Help!” I screamed, but the high wind was the only response. Trying to backtrack to my route, I only got deeper into the wilderness 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Suddenly, I heard a sound come from behind me. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I had to take action to ensure safety. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Suddenly, I heard a sound come from behind me. It was the bobcat. To make matters worse, the animal slowly started coming closer. I had no idea what to do, as I had always relied on my teammates for help. I was frightened, so I tried to move back to get to higher ground and hopefully run away. However, my plan failed, when I moved, the creature only screamed even harder. So scared did I feel that my legs were trembling unconsciously.What could I do? I had to take action to ensure safety. I quickly reached down and picked up some rock shopping to be able to defend myself. As the creature made no attempt to run away and was only advancing, I decided to throw the rocks. I aimed and threw the rocks to the creature to scare it away. Surprisingly, it backed off and fled. A wave of relief rushed throughout my body. It was just at that moment that I felt proud since I did it all on my own. The fear forced me to become more confident and responsible and I became a brave person. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了去年夏天，作者和作者的团队前往印第安纳州的一个保护区进行实地考察。在考察中作者独自追踪不明动物，发现是一只短尾猫，结果发现自己迷路了，电话没有信号，作者试图折回原路，但却越陷越深。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“突然，我听到身后传来声音。”可知，第一段可描写作者无助的时候这只短尾猫试图袭击作者以及作者的害怕和不知所措。 ②由第二段首句内容“我必须采取措施确保安全。”可知，第二段可描写作者击退了短尾猫的袭击以及作者的自豪。 2.续写线索：短尾猫试图袭击作者——害怕——驱赶短尾猫——成功击退——作者自豪 3.词汇激活 行为类 依靠：rely on /depend on 决心：decide /determine 后退：back off /step back 逃跑：run away/escape 情绪类 自信的：confident/self-assurance 好怕的：scared/fearful 【点睛】[高分句型1] As the creature made no attempt to run away and was only advancing, I decided to throw the rocks. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] t was just at that moment that I felt proud since I did it all on my own. (运用了强调句式) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $