Unit 4 History and Traditions 知识背诵清单-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

该高中英语知识清单围绕Unit 4 History and Traditions主题，系统梳理27个核心词汇及11个重难点语法。词汇涵盖词性、派生词、固定搭配及语境例句，重难点聚焦短语用法、句型结构及高考真题应用，构建从基础积累到综合运用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇基础—语法深化—真题应用”逻辑展开，词汇标注派生词及搭配，语法点配典型例句和高考题。通过语境化练习和用法对比，提升语言理解与表达能力，培养分析推断的思维品质，助力学生掌握科学学习策略。

Unit 4 History and Traditions Step1. 词汇梳理 1.individual adj.&n. ￫individually adv.个别地；￫individualism n. 个人主义 individual character 个性 individual freedom 个人自由 2. heel n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟 Achilles’ heel （喻）（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点 3.chief (1) adj. 重要的；高级别的 (2) n. 首领；首长 chiefly adv.主要地 the chief problem/cause/reason主要问题、原因 the editor-in-chief 主编 chief executive officer (CEO) 执行总裁 army/industry/police chief 部队首长、行业巨擘 4. nearby  adj.附近的；邻近的(常用于名词前)； adv.在附近 5._join...to... 把……和……连接或联结起来 6._military  adj. 军事的；军用的 n .军队；军人 take military action 采取军事行动 7.legal adj.法律的;合法的→legally adv.合法地→illegally adv.违法地;非法地→illegal adj.非法的 legal systems/advice 法律制度/咨询 a legal holiday 法定假期 8.evidence n. [U]证据，证明evident adj.清楚的￫evidently adv. 明显地; （1）There is some/no evidence that... 有/没有证据表明…… （2）in evidence 明显的，显而易见的 （3）It is evident/clear/apparent/obvious that... 很明显…… 9. achievement n.成就;成绩;达到￫ achieve vt. 完成;达到 vi.成功 a sense of achievement 　成就感 make an achievement 取得成就 achieve one’s goal/dream/success 达到目标/实现梦想/取得成功10.location n.地方;地点;位置→ located adj.位于→locate vt.使坐落于 vi.定位;定居 be located in位于… 11. _conquer_ vt. 占领；征服；控制;克服（困难等） conquer a fear 克服恐惧 12. battle n.战役，战斗，较量 a battle of wills 意志的较量 fight a battle 打仗，作战 a battle against oneself 一场与自己的较量 v.(与)斗争；战斗 battle for 为...而做斗争 battle with/against 与....斗争 13.keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 keep up 坚持，维持，沿袭（风俗） keep/catch up with 跟上...；与...保持同步 keep sb from sth 阻止某人做某事 keep off 不靠近，远离；勿踩；勿踏 keep on 继续 keep/bear sth in mind 记住 14. announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n．宣布；通知→announcer n．广播员；解说员 搭配：announce sth to sb. 向某人宣告某事 announce that 宣布 It is announced that... =As is announced, ....据宣布... make an announcement 宣布 15. gallery 长廊；门廊；走廊;美术馆 16. ensure v.保证；确保；担保￫ sure adj.确信的，肯定的￫surely adv.无疑地 ensure that... 确保=make sure (that) ... 17. landscape［C］（尤指陆地乡村的）风景；风景画 18. generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n．慷慨；大方 反义词：mean 搭配：be generous (to sb) with sth 在某方面对某人大方 It is generous of sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说很慷慨 19. position n．位置；姿态；职位;处境；态度，立场v. 放置；安放；使处于（place） ￫positional adj.地位上的 in position 就位 take a position on sth 认为 be in a position to do 能做某事 20.poet n．诗人→poem n．诗歌→poetry n．诗歌(总称) 21.feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日；v. 尽情享用； feast your eyes (on sth/sb) 尽情欣赏；大饱眼福 22.roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动 n．卷(轴)；翻滚；名单；rolling adj［只用于名词前］起伏的 roll up your sleeves 撸起袖子；准备动手 the rolling green hills 延绵的青山 A roll call 点名 be on a roll 连连获胜；连交好运 23.dot n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布; on the dot准时 24.greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n．问候；致意;贺词 greet sb with sth 用··与某人打招呼 Christmas／birthday greetings 圣诞／生日贺词 25.custom n.风俗；习惯；惠顾￫customer n.顾客 customs n. 海关；关税 accustom 使习惯于 26.sensory adj.感觉的；感官的￫sense n.感觉￫sensitive adj.善解人意的，敏感的￫sensible adj.明智的￫sensibility n.感受能力，感情 27.striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工 Strike a balance 找到平衡 it strikes sb that 某人突然想起 Step2.重难点 1. puzzle n.&v. ￫puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 ￫puzzling adj. 令人费解的￫puzzlement n. 迷惑，困惑 (1)n.迷；智力游戏；疑问 be in a puzzle （about sth） 对某事迷惑不解 crossword puzzle 填字游戏 (2)v. 迷惑；使迷惑 puzzle over/ about 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨 1 What _puzzles (puzzle) me is why he left the country without telling anyone. 2 下一步做什么，他感到困惑不解。 He was _puzzled_ what to do next. ③(2020·全国Ⅱ)Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said_puzzles _(puzzle) help children with math-related skills. ④”Three sieves? Which three sieves?” the man asked with puzzlement _(puzzle). 2. break away (from sb/sth)(从……)脱离；背叛；逃脱 break in打断;插嘴说;闯入 break off 中断；折断 break into 闯入;突然(笑/唱/哭)起 break through 突破 break out (战争)爆发;(火灾)突然发生 break up分解;解散;(关系等)破裂 break down (机器等)出故障; (身体) 垮掉, (精神)崩溃; 失败; ①It was the fact that his car broke _down_____on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting. ②I broke away_from____him and rushed out into the hall. ③Either break __up____ with her, or leave me alone. ④We may break _off____ relations with that country. ⑤There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break ___into____ the house. (2021·浙江高考读后续写)My father carefully cut the pumpkin open, so I finally had my head _break____ _away_____ _from____ it.我父亲小心翼翼地把南瓜切开,我的头终于从南瓜中出来了 3. belong to 属于(无被动语态，进行时态) ￫belongings n.[pl.] 所有物；财产 a sense of belonging 归属感 No matter what happens, Taiwan belongs to China. 无论发生什么，台湾都是中国的一部分。 belong+adv./prep. 应在某处 Where do these plates belong? ①China is a country which belongs (belong) to developing countries. ②China is a country _belonging__(belong) to developing countries. ③Having sold most of his _belongings_ (belong), he almost had nothing left in the house. 4. as well as 同(一样也);和;还；不但……而且…… （1）当“A as well as B”结构作主语时,常遵循“就远原则”谓语动词应与A在人称和数方面保持一致。类似表达还有along with; rather than;apart from;together with （2）as well as 意为“除……之外”时，相当于 in addition to。后常接名词或动名词，尤其是当其位于句首时。 （3）as well意为“也”“又”“还”，放于句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。 [语境感悟] English, as well as Chinese and math, is of great importance. 同语文和数学一样，英语也非常重要。 1 (2019·天津)Amy, as well as her brothers, _was given_ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.  2 He's modest, as well as __being_(be) a great player. 3 Tears welled up in her eyes, and her heart seemed to be torn _as_ well. 4 (2020·新高考Ⅰ) As well as _looking_(look) at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. 5 If you do not like swimming, you_may_ _as_ well_ go jogging. 如果不喜欢游泳,你不妨慢跑。 5. defence n. ①防御；保卫　②辩护;辩解 in defence (of) 防守/为保护(......) Eg:He gave his life in defence of his country. 他为保护他的祖国而付出了生命 come to one’s defence=in one’s defence 替某人辩护 defend v.防御;保卫 defend ... against/from ... 保卫……以免受…… defend oneself against... 为自己辩护/自卫 1 A lot of soldiers devote themselves to defending the country against/from invasion. 2 Humour is a more effective _defence__(defend) than violence. 3 The immune system is our main defence __against_ disease. 4 Nobody spoke out __in his defence_. 没有人站出来替他辩护。 5 (2020·浙江)Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear _defence_(defend) actions we knew. We yelled at the bear,hit pots hard,and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.  6. surround vt. 围绕包围￫surrounding adj.周围的 ￫ surroundings n.环境 （1）surround...with...　　　以……包围…… （2）be surrounded by/with... 被……包围 （3）surround oneself with sb./sth. 和某人/某物待在一起 1 When he came back to life, he found himself __surrounded_ by enemy soldiers. 2 They have _surrounded__ the flat with the police. 3 (2020·全国Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds __surrounding__(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 7.charge Meaning : vt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲 n．收费；指控；主管 搭配 charge sb with (doing) sth ＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪 charge sb money for sth 因某事/物收某人钱 charge at向……发起冲锋，扑向 •free of charge＝for free免费 in charge of掌管(表状态) take charge of掌管(表动作) in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责 拓展 charger n ［C］ 充电器 运用 1.上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。 Last week we had a heated debate about whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free. 2.张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我,就快要一口把我吃掉。 Opening its bloody mouth，the fierce hungry wolf sprang to its feet suddenly，charged at me and was about to eat me up in one gulp. 3要成为一个成功的人，我们必须能够掌控自己。 To become a successful person， we must be able to take charge of ourselves. 8.amount Meaning : n．金额；数量 v．总计，共计；相当于，等于 搭配 the amount of...……的数量 •amount to共计，总计；等于，相当于 “大量/少量的”表达： a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数) large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数) 运用 1.为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。 In order to keep healthy，a proper amount of regular exercise is quite necessary. 9.approach n．Meaning :接近；方法；途径 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近 拓展 approaching adj. 临近的；￫ approachable adj. 可接近的，友好的 搭配 an approach to (doing) sth (做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近 approach sth/sb 接近某物/某人 在快到……的时候at the approach of/with...approaching 1. 随着汽车靠近Brunswick，Vingo浑身颤抖，如坐针毡。 With the bus approaching Brunswick，Vingo shook all over，feeling like sitting on pins and needles. 2.处理这个问题／事情／任务的最佳方法是什么？ What＇s the best way of approaching this problem／matter／task？ 3.就业市场变了，我们找工作的方法也必须改变。 The job market has changed and our approach to finding work must change as well. 10.eager 含义 : eager adj.渴望的；热切的 搭配 be eager to do sth 渴望做某事 be eager for sth 渴望得到某物 •with eagerness热切地；急切地 hide one’s eagerness掩饰某人的渴望 拓展 eagerly adv.热心地；急切地eagerness n．热切；渴望 〖知识拓展〗“ 想要……；渴望……”的其他表达 long to do/ for sth. be anxious/desperate/dying /thirsty/hungry/starved for sth be anxious/desperate/dying /thristy/hungry/starved to do 运用 1.The thrilled twins whispered to their father，“We are eager to cook(cook) a delicious breakfast for our beloved mother.Not having enough cooking experience，we are eager for your timely help.” 当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。 When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday，the boy couldn’t hide his eagerness. 11.crowd 含义 : n. 人群;一群人;民众；vi. 涌进;蜂拥而至；vt. 挤满;使……拥挤 搭配 a crowd of/crowds of 一大群;很多 the crowd 人群;群众 crowd in(on sb.)（想法、问题等）涌上（某人心头），涌入（某人脑海） crowd round/around 聚集在……周围，聚拢 be crowded with 挤满 运用: 1.Pupils crowded round （their teacher） to ask questions. 小学生们围着（老师）提问题。 2. The restaurant is always crowded with customers at meal times. 这家餐馆在用餐时间总是客满。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $