Unit 3 Make it happen！动词不定式和动名词作宾语（学习任务单）2026-2027学年外研版八年级英语上册

该初中英语单元学案以“Unit 3 Make it happen！”为主题，聚焦动词不定式和动名词作宾语的核心语法，通过核心语法回顾（分模块梳理搭配规则）、专项能力突破（多样化题型练习）、解题综合提升（综合语篇应用）构建“基础-应用-拓展”的递进式学习路径，帮助学生系统掌握固定搭配及语义差异。 亮点在于结合思维导图辅助知识框架构建，语法模块通过表格对比接to do与doing的动词及含义差异，培养思维品质，多样化练习（单项选择、语法填空等）提升语言能力，完形填空、短文填空等综合题型促进深度学习，为教师实施单元复习提供完整支撑，助力学生语言能力与学习能力的协同发展。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Make it happen！（新教材外研版） （动词不定式和动名词作宾语） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本单元学习动词不定式和动名词作宾语的用法：有些动词后只能接 to do（如 want、hope、decide），有些只能接 doing（如 enjoy、practise、finish、mind），还有 remember、forget、stop 等后接 to do 与 doing 含义不同。掌握这些固定搭配，有助于准确表达意图、喜好与计划。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、接不定式 to do 作宾语 常见动词 want, hope, decide, plan, offer, refuse, expect, wish, agree 等后接 to do。 I want to go. / She decided to stay. would like / would love 语气更委婉，后接 to do。 I would like to help you. 含义要点 不定式表“想要/计划去做”的具体动作，动作尚未发生。 He offered to help me. 二、接动名词 doing 作宾语 常见动词 enjoy, practise, finish, mind, suggest, keep, avoid, miss 等后接 doing。 He enjoys swimming. / She finished reading. look forward to to 为介词，后须接 doing。 I look forward to meeting you. 意义有别 remember/forget/stop/try 后接 to do（未做）与 doing（已做）含义不同。 remember to lock（记得去锁）/ remember locking（记得锁过）. 使用注意事项 1. 后接不定式 to do 作宾语的动词有：want, hope, decide, plan, offer, refuse, expect, wish, agree 等。 2. would like / would love 后接 to do，语气比 want 更委婉。 3. 后接动名词 doing 作宾语的动词有：enjoy, practise, finish, mind, suggest, keep, avoid, miss 等。 4. look forward to 中的 to 是介词，后面必须接动名词 doing，不能接 to do。 5. remember / forget / stop / try 接 to do 与 doing 含义不同：to do 指“未做的动作”，doing 指“已做的动作”。 6. 写句子时要注意动词的搭配习惯，不可混用 to do 与 doing，否则会造成语法错误。 一、单项选择 1．My little sister hopes ________ a dancer when she grows up. A．to become B．become C．becoming D．became 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的小妹妹希望长大后成为一名舞者。hope 后须接不定式 to do，become 用 to become。故选 A。 2．The boy enjoys ________ model planes in his free time. A．make B．making C．to make D．made 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个男孩空闲时喜欢做飞机模型。enjoy 后须接动名词 doing，make 用 making。故选 B。 3．Don't forget ________ the door when you leave the classroom. A．lock B．locking C．to lock D．locked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：离开教室时别忘记锁门。forget to do 表示“忘记要去做的事（未做）”，须用 to lock。故选 C。 4．— Do you remember ________ him at the school gate last term? — Yes, we did. A．meet B．to meet C．met D．meeting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你记得上学期在校门口见过他吗？——记得。remember doing 表示“记得做过的事”，须用 meeting。故选 D。 5．They planned ________ the science museum, but it rained heavily. A．to visit B．visit C．visiting D．visited 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们计划去参观科学博物馆，但下大雨了。plan 后须接不定式 to do，visit 用 to visit。故选 A。 6．Would you mind ________ me your dictionary for a moment? A．pass B．passing C．to pass D．passed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你介意把字典借我用一会儿吗？mind 后须接动名词 doing，pass 用 passing。故选 B。 7．Our English teacher suggested ________ more stories after class. A．read B．to read C．reading D．reads 【答案】C 【详解】句意：英语老师建议课后多读故事。suggest 后须接动名词 doing，read 用 reading。故选 C。 8．He offered ________ the old man carry the heavy box. A．help B．helping C．helped D．to help 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他主动提出帮老人搬重箱子。offer 后须接不定式 to do，help 用 to help。故选 D。 9．All the children look forward to ________ the zoo this weekend. A．visiting B．visit C．to visit D．visited 【答案】A 【详解】句意：孩子们都期待本周末去动物园。look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词 visiting。故选 A。 10．We should keep ________ English every morning to improve ourselves. A．practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应坚持每天早晨练习英语以提高自己。keep 后接动名词 doing，practise 用 practising。故选 B。 二、单句语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．She practises ________ (speak) English with her partner every day. 【答案】speaking 【详解】句意：她每天和同伴练习说英语。practise 后接动名词，speak 用 speaking。 2．We decided ________ (join) the school art club together. 【答案】to join 【详解】句意：我们决定一起加入学校美术社。decide 后接不定式，join 用 to join。 3．Please remember ________ (turn) off the lights before you sleep. 【答案】to turn 【详解】句意：睡前请记得关灯。remember to do 表示“记得去做”，turn 用 to turn。 4．He enjoys ________ (read) science fiction in his spare time. 【答案】reading 【详解】句意：他空闲时喜欢读科幻小说。enjoy 后接动名词，read 用 reading。 5．My friend offered ________ (help) me with my physics. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：朋友主动提出帮我学物理。offer 后接不定式，help 用 to help。 6．Would you mind ________ (open) the window? It's stuffy here. 【答案】opening 【详解】句意：你介意开窗吗？这里闷。mind 后接动名词，open 用 opening。 7．They planned ________ (watch) the football match on TV. 【答案】to watch 【详解】句意：他们计划看电视上的足球赛。plan 后接不定式，watch 用 to watch。 8．The coach suggested ________ (do) more warm-up exercises. 【答案】doing 【详解】句意：教练建议多做热身运动。suggest 后接动名词，do 用 doing。 9．I tried ________ (call) him, but no one answered the phone. 【答案】to call 【详解】句意：我试着给他打电话，但没人接。try to do 表示“努力去做”，call 用 to call。 10．She finished ________ (write) the composition before class. 【答案】writing 【详解】句意：她课前写完了作文。finish 后接动名词，write 用 writing。 三、按要求完成句子 1．我希望下学期多读些有趣的书。 I hope ________ ________ more interesting books next term. 【答案】to read 【详解】句意：我希望下学期多读些有趣的书。hope 后接不定式 to do，read 用 to read。 2．弟弟每天练习游泳一小时。 My brother practises ________ for one hour every day. 【答案】swimming 【详解】句意：弟弟每天练习游泳一小时。practise 后接动名词，swim 用 swimming。 3．离开房间前记得关窗。 Remember ________ ________ the window before leaving the room. 【答案】to close 【详解】句意：离开房间前记得关窗。remember to do 表示“记得去做”，close 用 to close。 4．同学们都期待参加学校的艺术节。 All the students look forward to ________ the school art festival. 【答案】joining 【详解】句意：同学们都期待参加学校的艺术节。look forward to 中 to 是介词，join 用 joining。 5．我们的老师建议我们每天记日记。 Our teacher suggested ________ ________ every day. 【答案】keeping diaries 【详解】句意：我们的老师建议我们每天记日记。suggest 后接动名词，keep 用 keeping，diaries 为复数。 6．他想买一辆新自行车。（用 hope 改写同义句） He ________ ________ ________ a new bike. 【答案】hopes to buy 【详解】句意：他想买一辆新自行车。want to do 可与 hope to do 互换，主语 He 用 hopes to buy。 7．她非常喜欢看漫画。（用 enjoy 改写） She ________ ________ comics very much. 【答案】enjoys reading 【详解】句意：她非常喜欢看漫画。like doing 可与 enjoy doing 互换，主语 She 用 enjoys reading。 8．记得给花浇水。（用 forget 同义替换） ________ ________ ________ water the flowers. 【答案】Don't forget to 【详解】句意：记得给花浇水。remember to do 的同义否定表达为 Don't forget to do。 9．我花了两小时打扫房间。（改为 It takes 句型） It ________ me two hours ________ ________ my room. 【答案】took; to clean 【详解】句意：我花了两小时打扫房间。spend ... doing 可改为 It took sb. time to do，clean 用 to clean。 10．他喜欢下国际象棋。（改为否定句） He ________ ________ playing chess. 【答案】doesn't enjoy 【详解】句意：他喜欢下国际象棋。enjoy 作谓语，否定须借助 doesn't，后接原形 enjoy。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Many great inventions were not created 1 purpose. They happened by accident. One famous example is the invention of penicillin. Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist, was 2 an experiment in his lab. He left some Petri dishes on the table and went on a holiday. When he 3 ， he found that a special kind of mould (霉菌) had killed the bacteria (细菌) in one dish. This unexpected 4 led to the invention of penicillin, which has saved millions of lives. Another example is the Post-it note. Spencer Silver was trying to invent a super-strong glue. 5 ， he created a weak glue that could stick and peel off easily. At first, he thought it was a 6 . But years later, his friend Arthur Fry used this glue to keep his bookmarks in place. That's how the Post-it note was born. These stories tell us that failure doesn't always mean the end. Sometimes, failure can 7 to great success. Inventors are often 8 about the world around them. They are not afraid to 9 risks and try new things. As Albert Einstein once said, "I have no special talents. I am only passionately 10 ." 1. A．in B．on C．at D．for 2. A．doing B．making C．trying D．testing 3. A．returned B．left C．started D．finished 4. A．discovery B．invention C．exploration D．exhibition 5. A．Besides B．Therefore C．Instead D．However 6. A．success B．failure C．joke D．wonder 7. A．take B．lead C．drive D．let 8. A．creative B．imaginative C．curious D．talented 9. A．make B．do C．take D．have 10. A．curious B．creative C．lucky D．brave 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A 【导语】本文通过青霉素和便利贴的发明故事，说明伟大发明常源于偶然，失败可通向成功，发明家应保持好奇心。 【详解】1. 句意：许多伟大发明不是故意创造的。 “on purpose”为固定短语，意为“故意地”。 2. 句意：亚历山大·弗莱明正在实验室做实验。 “do an experiment”是固定搭配，意为“做实验”。 3. 句意：当他回来时，发现霉菌杀死了细菌。 根据前文“went on a holiday”可知，度假后应该是“回来”。 4. 句意：这个意外的发现导致了青霉素的发明。 根据语境，观察到霉菌杀菌现象属于“发现”，青霉素才是“发明”。 5. 句意：相反，他创造了一种弱胶水。 根据前后句意存在相反关系，本想造“super-strong glue”强胶水却造出“weak glue”弱胶水，“Instead”在此处强调实际结果替代了预期目标。 6. 句意：起初，他认为这是个失败。 根据前文想要强胶水却得到弱胶水和后文“But”表示转折可知，起初应视为“失败”。 7. 句意：有时，失败能通向巨大成功。 “lead to”是固定短语，意为“导致/通向”，符合语境。 8. 句意：发明家通常对周围世界好奇。 “be curious about”是固定搭配，意为“对……好奇”，其他动词不符合。 9. 句意：他们不怕冒险。 “take risks”是固定短语，意为“冒险”。 10. 句意：我只是充满好奇。 根据爱因斯坦名言及上文强调的好奇心，可知填curious，其他选项不符合名言原意及语境。 Passage 2 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was a kid, I was always curious about how machines worked. I often took apart old toys to see what was inside. My room was full of screws, springs, and broken parts. My interest in 1 started from these little games. One day in the sixth grade, our teacher asked us to 2 a small vehicle powered by a rubber band. At first, I had no clue. After reading several books, I 3 decided to build a tiny car using plastic bottles and rubber bands. It took me two whole weekends. When I saw it roll across the classroom floor, I felt very 4 of my work. My father noticed my interest and 5 me to join the school science club. There, I learned to draw plans before building. Once, I 6 my teammates by making a small fan that could blow out candles by itself. Later, I saw a 7 product in a shop, but mine used fewer materials. I learned that good inventors always try to make things 8 and cheaper. Working with my teacher, I began to understand that failure is normal. Not every idea will 9 at once. She was always 10 better ways to solve problems, and her guidance, together with my growing interest, helped me become a young inventor. 1. A．teaching B．inventing C．reading D．writing 2. A．draw B．buy C．design D．borrow 3. A．hardly B．finally C．nearly D．usually 4. A．afraid B．tired C．proud D．ashamed 5. A．refused B．encouraged C．forced D．warned 6. A．surprised B．bored C．worried D．disappointed 7. A．different B．similar C．large D．expensive 8. A．bigger B．simpler C．heavier D．darker 9. A．work B．fail C．start D．stop 10. A．looking at B．looking for C．looking after D．looking through 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者从小对机器工作原理充满好奇，通过拆解玩具、动手制作橡皮筋小车、加入科学俱乐部等经历，最终在老师和父亲的引导下成长为一名年轻发明家的故事。 【详解】1. 句意：我对发明的兴趣就是从这些小游戏开始的。 上文“I was always curious about how machines worked. I often took apart old toys to see what was inside.”表明作者对机械运作原理好奇且喜欢拆解玩具，这属于“发明创造”的兴趣范畴。inventing“发明”符合语境，teaching“教学”、reading“阅读”和writing“写作”均与上下文无关。 2. 句意：六年级的一天，老师要求我们设计一个由橡皮筋驱动的小型车辆。 下文“build a tiny car using plastic bottles and rubber bands”表明需要先有设计方案再动手制作，design“设计”符合语境，draw“画”、buy“买”和borrow“借”均不符合“制作前需规划”的逻辑。 3. 句意：在阅读了几本书之后，我终于决定用塑料瓶和橡皮筋做一辆小车。 上文“At first, I had no clue.”说明起初毫无头绪，经过阅读学习后“最终”做出决定，finally“最终”符合语境，hardly“几乎不”、nearly“将近”和usually“通常”语义不通。 4. 句意：当我看到它滚过教室地板时，我感到非常自豪。 上文“I saw it roll across the classroom floor”表明作品成功运行，作者应感到“自豪”，proud“自豪的”符合语境，afraid“害怕的”、tired“疲倦的”和ashamed“羞愧的”均与成功带来的积极情绪不符。 5. 句意：父亲注意到了我的兴趣，并鼓励我加入学校科学俱乐部。 下文“I learned to draw plans before building”表明加入俱乐部后获得了成长，这是父亲“鼓励”的结果，encouraged“鼓励”符合语境，refused“拒绝”、forced“强迫”和warned“警告”均不符合父亲支持孩子兴趣的正面态度。 6. 句意：有一次，我做了一个能自己吹灭蜡烛的小风扇，这让我的队友们感到惊讶。 “making a small fan that could blow out candles by itself”是一项有创意的发明，会让队友感到“惊讶”，surprised“使惊讶”符合语境，bored“使无聊”、worried“使担心”和disappointed“使失望”均不合逻辑。 7. 句意：后来我在商店里看到了一个类似的产品，但我的用料更少。 下文“mine used fewer materials”表明两者功能或外观相近，similar“类似的”符合语境，different“不同的”、large“大的”和expensive“昂贵的”均不能体现比较关系中的相似性。 8. 句意：我明白好的发明家总是努力让东西更简单、更便宜。 上文“mine used fewer materials”说明作者意识到减少材料意味着设计更“简单”，simpler“更简单的”符合语境，bigger“更大的”、heavier“更重的”和darker“更暗的”均与“节省材料”的优化方向相反。 9. 句意：不是每个想法都会立刻成功。 上文“failure is normal”及下文“better ways to solve problems”表明发明过程中想法可能不会立刻“奏效”，work“起作用/成功”符合语境，fail“失败”与句意矛盾，start“开始”和stop“停止”语义不搭。 10. 句意：她总是在寻找更好的解决问题的方法。 “better ways to solve problems”需要主动“寻找”，looking for“寻找”符合语境，looking at“看”、looking after“照顾”和looking through“浏览”均不能准确表达“寻求解决方案”的含义。 Passage 3 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Do you know anything about the invention of the microwave oven?   A self-taught engineer named Percy Spencer found it was 1 to heat food quickly using radio waves. In 1945, he was working on a radar system when he noticed something strange. A chocolate bar in his pocket had melted. He realised that the microwaves from the radar set could cook food. Spencer decided to 2 this idea further. Soon, he invented his first working microwave oven. The system did work 3 , but it was very large and expensive. If the invention was to become 4 in homes, the problems had to be solved. Finally, after many improvements, smaller and cheaper models were produced. The patent for the microwave oven was 5 for in 1945, but it was not granted until 1947. 6 this patent was granted, the oven was still not popular among families because of its high price. In 1967, a company named Amana 7 the first affordable microwave oven for home use. It became very popular and 8 changed the way people cooked. Now it’s used in almost every kitchen around the world. The microwave oven shows how a simple 9 can lead to a great invention. It also teaches us that curiosity and observation are important for 10 . 1. A．easy B．difficult C．interesting D．boring 2. A．give up B．look up C．put up D．follow up 3. A．at first B．for example C．on time D．in turn 4. A．lively B．cheap C．perfect D．popular 5. A．applied B．tested C．made D．divided 6. A．As B．Although C．If D．Since 7. A．found B．mentioned C．invented D．remained 8. A．completely B．hardly C．nearly D．suddenly 9. A．mistake B．discovery C．tool D．machine 10. A．scientists B．engineers C．inventors D．users 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述微波炉的发明历程，介绍了Percy Spencer偶然发现微波可以加热食物；微波炉最初体积大、价格昂贵，经过改良之后，最终走进千家万户的故事。 【详解】1. 句意：一位自学成才的工程师名叫Percy Spencer，他发现利用无线电波快速加热食物是容易的。 结合“He realised that the microwaves from the radar set could cook food”可知，easy“容易的”符合微波可以加热食物的语境；difficult“困难的”、interesting“有趣的”、boring“无聊的”均不符。 2. 句意：Spencer决定进一步跟进钻研这个想法。 结合下文“Soon, he invented his first working microwave oven”可知，follow up“跟进，继续探究”符合深入研究该想法的语境；give up“放弃”、look up“查阅”、put up|“张贴”均不符。 3. 句意：这个系统起初确实可以工作，但是它体积很大而且价格昂贵。 结合“but it was very large and expensive”可知，at first“起初”符合初代微波炉能用但有缺陷的语境；for example“例如”、on time“准时”、in turn“反过来”均不符。 4. 句意：如果这项发明想要在家庭中变得普及，这些问题就必须被解决。 结合后文“the oven was still not popular among families because of its high price”可知，popular“受欢迎的，普及的”符合走入普通家庭的语境；lively“活泼的”、cheap“便宜的”、perfect“完美的”均不符。 5. 句意：微波炉的专利在1945年被申请，但是直到1947年才被授予。 结合“but it was not granted until 1947”可知，applied“申请”符合专利先申请后授权的语境；tested“测试”、made“制作”、divided“划分”均不符。 6. 句意：虽然这项专利被授予了，但由于高昂的价格，这款微波炉在家庭中仍然并不普及。 前后句为转折关系，Although“虽然，尽管”符合让步转折语境；As“当……时；因为”、If“如果”、Since“自从，既然”均不符。 7. 句意：1967年，一家名叫Amana的公司发明出第一款价格亲民的家用微波炉。 结合“the first affordable microwave oven for home use”可知，invented“发明”符合公司研制家用微波炉的语境；found“找到”、mentioned“提及”、remained“保持”均不符。 8. 句意：它变得十分受欢迎，并且彻底改变了人们做饭的方式。 结合“Now it’s used in almost every kitchen around the world”可知，completely“完全地，彻底地”符合微波炉极大改变烹饪模式的语境；hardly“几乎不”、nearly“几乎”、suddenly“突然”均不符。 9. 句意：微波炉向我们展示一个简单的发现如何造就一项伟大的发明。 结合上文工程师偶然留意到巧克力融化这一现象可知，discovery“发现”符合偶然发现催生发明的语境；mistake“错误”、tool“工具”、machine“机器”均不符。 10. 句意：这也告诉我们，好奇心和观察力对于发明家来说十分重要。 结合全文围绕发明创造展开可知，inventors“发明家”符合文章主题语境；scientists“科学家”、engineers“工程师”、users“使用者”均不符。 五、短文填空 Passage 4 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 The abacus is called suanpan in Chinese. It is 1 important part of traditional Chinese culture and it is known as China’s 2 (five) great invention. People in the past 3 (use) the abacus to calculate (计算) at a higher speed, so it could be called “the 4 (old) computer in the world”. It is necessary for you 5 (know) how to use the abacus correctly. It usually has more than seven rods (杆子) . There are two beads (算珠) on each rod in the upper part and five beads each in the bottom. The beads are usually round and made of wood. We count the beads 6 moving them up or down towards the beam (横梁) . 7 you move them toward the beam, you can count value. However, if you move them away from the beam, you can’t count their value. The abacus can come back to the starting position quickly. That is, you can start to count again 8 (easy). Today, the use of abacus 9 (teach) in some schools as part of maths. And 10 (abacus) have become an interesting tool for students to study mathematics. 【答案】 1. an 2. fifth 3. used 4. oldest 5. to know 6. by 7. If/When 8. easily 9. is taught 10. abacuses 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统文化的重要组成部分——算盘的历史地位、结构以及使用方法。 【详解】1. 句意：它是中国传统文化的一个重要组成部分，被誉为中国的第五大发明。此处泛指“一个重要部分”，应用不定冠词，且important的发音以元音音素开头，应填an。 2. 句意：它是中国传统文化的一个重要组成部分，被誉为中国的第五大发明。根据句意可知，此处表示“第五大发明”，应用five的序数词形式，应填fifth。 3. 句意：过去的人们使用算盘以更高的速度进行计算，因此它可以被称为“世界上最古老的计算机”。根据时间状语“in the past”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，应填used。 4. 句意：过去的人们使用算盘以更高的速度进行计算，因此它可以被称为“世界上最古老的计算机”。根据空前的定冠词“the”和空后的范围状语“in the world”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，应填oldest。 5. 句意：对你来说，知道如何正确使用算盘是必要的。此处考查固定句型“It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，应填to know。 6. 句意：我们通过将算珠朝横梁向上或向下移动来计数。根据空后的动名词“moving”和句意可知，此处表示“通过……的方式”，应填by。 7. 句意：如果（当）你把它们移向横梁时，你就可以计算数值。根据后文“However, if you move them away...”的逻辑对应可知，此处表示条件，用if引导条件状语从句；或者表示时间，用when引导时间状语从句。位于句首，首字母需大写，应填If/When。 8. 句意：也就是说，你可以很容易地重新开始计算。此处修饰动词“count”，应用副词形式作状语，easy的副词是easily，应填easily。 9. 句意：如今，在一些学校里，算盘的使用被作为数学的一部分来教授。根据时间状语“Today”可知，句子应用一般现在时；主语“the use of abacus”与动词“teach”之间是被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，故应用一般现在时的被动语态（is/am/are+过去分词），应填is taught。 10. 句意：算盘已经成为学生学习数学的一个有趣工具。根据空后的谓语动词“have”可知，主语应用名词复数形式，abacus是以s结尾的名词，复数形式在词尾加-es，应填abacuses。 Passage 5 Chopsticks are useful tools to have meals in China. They 1 (invent) before the Shang Dynasty. The earliest chopsticks 2 (make) of bronze. People used them 3 (pick) up food at that time. Most people believe that Chinese invented chopsticks. There are many stories about the inventor of chopsticks. Someone says that Jiang Ziya created chopsticks. 4 (actual), no one knows for sure. Chopsticks are usually 5 the shape of a square top and a round bottom. Chinese believe that the Earth is square and the sky is round. This 6 (show) respect for nature. Many people think it’s difficult to use chopsticks. In fact, it’s not. Hold them between the thumb and other fingers. The key is 7 (hold) one piece tight and move the other to control movement and force. Chopsticks are also an important part of Chinese culture. In China, it is nice 8 (pick) up food for the old by using chopsticks. But it’s impolite to point at others with them. And never make your chopsticks 9 (stand) straight in a rice bowl. Learning to use chopsticks means 10 (learn) about Chinese culture. 【答案】 1. were invented 2. were made 3. to pick 4. Actually 5. in 6. shows 7. to hold 8. to pick 9. stand 10. learning 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了筷子的发明历史、外形寓意、使用方法以及相关的中国传统餐桌文化与礼仪。 【详解】1. 句意：它们在商朝之前就被发明出来。主语They指代chopsticks，和invent是被动关系。时间“before the Shang Dynasty”表示过去，需用一般过去时被动语态，结构为：were/was+过去分词。主语为复数，be动词用were，invent的过去分词是invented，故填were invented。 2. 句意：最早的筷子由青铜制成。固定搭配：be made of表示“由……制成”。主语the earliest chopsticks是复数，讲述古代的事情，用一般过去时，be动词用were，make的过去分词是made，故填were made。 3. 句意：在那个时候，人们用它们夹取食物。固定结构：use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”，不定式作目的状语，故填to pick。 4. 句意：事实上，没有人确切地知道。此处放在句首作状语，需要用副词。actual是形容词，其副词形式为actually，放在句首首字母大写，故填Actually。 5. 句意：筷子通常是上方下圆的形状。固定短语：in the shape of意为“呈……的形状”，故填介词in。 6. 句意：这体现了对自然的敬畏。主语This为单数，全文此处为一般现在时，谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式，show的三单形式是shows，故填shows。 7. 句意：关键是握紧其中一根，移动另一根，以此控制动作和力度。固定句型：The key is to do sth.表示“关键是做某事”，动词不定式放在be动词后作表语，故填to hold。 8. 句意：在中国，用筷子给长辈夹菜是有礼貌的行为。固定句型：It is+形容词+to do sth.，It是形式主语，动词不定式作句子真正的主语，故填to pick。 9. 句意：千万不要把筷子直直地竖插在饭碗中。固定搭配：make sth. do sth.表示“使某物做某事”，make为使役动词，后面接动词原形作宾语补足语，故填stand。 10. 句意：学会使用筷子就意味着了解中国文化。固定搭配：mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”，mean后接动名词作宾语，learn动名词为learning，故填learning。 Passage 6 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Water pollution is a serious problem around the world. A doctor, called Jack Todd, is very interested in 1 (clean) water. He has tried many ways, and 2 the end he developed a small and inexpensive system (系统) to clear waste water—the Living Machine. The machine can clean waste water in 3 (we) home and business. The machine cleans waste water. First, the waste water goes into 4 big plastic tank (水箱). In the tank, the wastes start to break down. 5 (two), a few days later, the machine brings the water into a greenhouse full of fish and plants. With the help of sunlight, plants and animals, the machine takes out many 6 (chemical) from the water. That 7 (make) the water cleaner. Then the machine can use the water for washing or bathing. It can’t be used to drink or cook, 8 the water is clean enough to water the flowers, wash the dog, and have a bath. This technology is good for the environment. It can also help to save fresh water and it can help provide the unpolluted water. If we take action 9 (do) something to save energy on the Earth, our planet will have a longer life and our life will be 10 (good). 【答案】 1. cleaning 2. in 3. our 4. a 5. Second 6. chemicals 7. makes 8. but 9. to do 10. better 【导语】本文介绍了医生杰克·托德发明了一种廉价的小型“生命机器”系统，利用塑料水箱、植物和鱼类等逐步净化废水，使其达到可洗涤、浇花、洗澡等非饮用用途的清洁程度，从而节约淡水、减少污染，帮助保护环境。 【详解】1. 句意：一位名叫杰克·托德的医生对净化水非常感兴趣。be interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，介词in后接动名词，所以clean变为cleaning。 2. 句意：他尝试了许多方法，最终研发出了一个小型且廉价的废水净化系统——生命机器。固定搭配in the end意为“最终”，填in。 3. 句意：这台机器可以清洁我们家庭和企业的废水。修饰名词home and business需用形容词性物主代词，we变为our。 4. 句意：首先，废水进入一个大塑料水箱。表示“一个大塑料水箱”，big以辅音音素开头，填不定冠词a。 5. 句意：第二，几天后，机器将水引入一个满是鱼和植物的温室。对应前文的First，此处表示第二步，用序数词Second，注意首字母大写。 6. 句意：在阳光、植物和动物的帮助下，这台机器从水中提取出许多化学物质。many后接可数名词复数，chemical变为chemicals，表示“化学物质”。 7. 句意：那使水更干净。主语That是单数，一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式makes。 8. 句意：它不能用于饮用或烹饪，但这水足够干净，可以用来浇花、给狗洗澡以及泡澡。前后句表转折：水不能用于饮用、烹饪，但足够干净可用于浇花等，填but。 9. 句意：如果我们采取行动为地球节约能源，我们的星球将会更长寿，我们的生活也会变得更好。固定搭配take action to do sth.意为“采取行动做某事”，填to do。 10. 句意：如果我们采取行动为地球节约能源，我们的星球将会更长寿，我们的生活也会变得更好。对应前文的longer，此处用形容词good的比较级better，表示生活会更好。 六、选词填空 Passage 7 根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，注意形式变化。 printer, object, invent, sense, download 1. There are many different in the room, such as cups and boxes. 2. My father the danger and told us to leave at once. 3. Please help me connect the laptop to the new . 4. What about some movies for our weekend party? 5. The old changed people’s life a long time ago. 【答案】1. objects 2. sensed 3. printer 4. downloading 5. invention 【详解】1. 句意：房间里有很多不同的物体，比如杯子和盒子。根据“many different”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处需要填名词复数形式，object意为“物体”，故填objects。 2. 句意：我父亲感觉到了危险，告诉我们要立刻离开。“...the danger”表示“感觉到了危险”，选用sense“感觉到”，句子为一般过去时，需用过去式，应填sensed。 3. 句意：请帮我把笔记本电脑连接到新打印机上。“connect the laptop to the new…”表示“把笔记本电脑连接到新打印机上”，此处指连接设备，选用printer“打印机”。 4. 句意：为我们的周末派对下载一些电影怎么样？“What about...some movies”指“下载一些电影怎么样”，结合备选词汇可知，选用download“下载”；about是介词，后接动词-ing形式，应填downloading。 5. 句意：这项旧发明很久以前就改变了人们的生活。“The old...”指“这项旧发明”，此处需要表示“发明物”的名词作主语，应选用动词invent“发明”，使用其名词形式invention。 Passage 8 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每空限用一次 brain   inside   stick to   blind   anyway 1. It’s raining. Let’s play basketball the sports hall. 2. Don’t old ideas if they can’t solve new problems. 3. Reading fun storybooks makes my more creative. 4. For many people, guide dogs are not just tools but friends. 5. John was very busy today, but , he arrived at the party on time. 【答案】1. inside 2. stick to 3. brain 4. blind 5. anyway 【详解】1. 句意：下雨了。我们在体育馆里面打篮球吧。空前“play basketball”和空后“the sports hall”提示需用介词表示地点；在体育馆“里面”打球，应选用inside“在……里面”，为介词。 2. 句意：如果旧观念不能解决新问题，就不要坚持它们。空前“Don’t”提示需用动词原形；不要“坚持”旧观念，应选用stick to“坚持”，为动词短语。 3. 句意：读有趣的故事书让我的大脑更有创造力。空前“my”后需用名词作宾语；阅读让“大脑”更有创造力，应选用brain“大脑”，为可数名词单数，指“我的大脑”用单数形式。 4. 句意：对许多盲人来说，导盲犬不仅是工具，更是朋友。空前“many”和空后“people”提示需用形容词修饰名词；导盲犬帮助的是“失明的”人，应选用blind“失明的”，为形容词。 5. 句意：约翰今天很忙，但无论如何，他准时到达了派对。空前“but”提示需用副词作状语；表示“无论如何”，应选用anyway“无论如何”，为副词。 Passage 9 选用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 help  kilogram  invent  download  block 1. I a new app to learn English. 2. On December 17th, Chang’e-5 succeeded in returning to the Earth with 1.731 of lunar soil. 3. It’s said that Edison over 1,000 things in his life. 4. Grandfather picked up a(n) of wood, about 18 inches long. 5. When someone is in trouble, we shouldn’t refuse to give a(n) hand. 【答案】1. downloaded 2. kilograms 3. invented 4. block 5. helping 【详解】1. 句意：我下载了一个新应用程序来学习英语。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语，和“a new app”搭配，表示“下载”。下载app是已经完成的动作，用一般过去时，所以填downloaded。 2. 句意：12月17日，嫦娥五号带着1.731千克月壤成功返回地球。此处需要名词复数，在句中表示重量单位“千克”。数字1.731后面，kilogram要变复数，所以填kilograms。 3. 句意：据说爱迪生一生发明了1000多种东西。此处需要动词过去式，在从句中作谓语，和“over 1000 things”搭配，表示“发明”。爱迪生发明物品发生在过去，用一般过去时，所以填invented。 4. 句意：祖父捡起一块长约18英寸的木头。此处需要可数名词单数，构成固定搭配：a block of wood，意为“一块木头”，此处用单数形式block。 5. 句意：当有人遇到麻烦时，我们不应拒绝伸出援手。此处需要现在分词作定语，固定短语：give a helping hand，意为“伸出援手”，所以填helping。 1 / 10乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Make it happen！（新教材外研版） （动词不定式和动名词作宾语） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本单元学习动词不定式和动名词作宾语的用法：有些动词后只能接 to do（如 want、hope、decide），有些只能接 doing（如 enjoy、practise、finish、mind），还有 remember、forget、stop 等后接 to do 与 doing 含义不同。掌握这些固定搭配，有助于准确表达意图、喜好与计划。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、接不定式 to do 作宾语 常见动词 want, hope, decide, plan, offer, refuse, expect, wish, agree 等后接 to do。 I want to go. / She decided to stay. would like / would love 语气更委婉，后接 to do。 I would like to help you. 含义要点 不定式表“想要/计划去做”的具体动作，动作尚未发生。 He offered to help me. 二、接动名词 doing 作宾语 常见动词 enjoy, practise, finish, mind, suggest, keep, avoid, miss 等后接 doing。 He enjoys swimming. / She finished reading. look forward to to 为介词，后须接 doing。 I look forward to meeting you. 意义有别 remember/forget/stop/try 后接 to do（未做）与 doing（已做）含义不同。 remember to lock（记得去锁）/ remember locking（记得锁过）. 使用注意事项 1. 后接不定式 to do 作宾语的动词有：want, hope, decide, plan, offer, refuse, expect, wish, agree 等。 2. would like / would love 后接 to do，语气比 want 更委婉。 3. 后接动名词 doing 作宾语的动词有：enjoy, practise, finish, mind, suggest, keep, avoid, miss 等。 4. look forward to 中的 to 是介词，后面必须接动名词 doing，不能接 to do。 5. remember / forget / stop / try 接 to do 与 doing 含义不同：to do 指“未做的动作”，doing 指“已做的动作”。 6. 写句子时要注意动词的搭配习惯，不可混用 to do 与 doing，否则会造成语法错误。 一、单项选择 1．My little sister hopes ________ a dancer when she grows up. A．to become B．become C．becoming D．became 2．The boy enjoys ________ model planes in his free time. A．make B．making C．to make D．made 3．Don't forget ________ the door when you leave the classroom. A．lock B．locking C．to lock D．locked 4．— Do you remember ________ him at the school gate last term? — Yes, we did. A．meet B．to meet C．met D．meeting 5．They planned ________ the science museum, but it rained heavily. A．to visit B．visit C．visiting D．visited 6．Would you mind ________ me your dictionary for a moment? A．pass B．passing C．to pass D．passed 7．Our English teacher suggested ________ more stories after class. A．read B．to read C．reading D．reads 8．He offered ________ the old man carry the heavy box. A．help B．helping C．helped D．to help 9．All the children look forward to ________ the zoo this weekend. A．visiting B．visit C．to visit D．visited 10．We should keep ________ English every morning to improve ourselves. A．practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised 二、单句语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．She practises ________ (speak) English with her partner every day. 2．We decided ________ (join) the school art club together. 3．Please remember ________ (turn) off the lights before you sleep. 4．He enjoys ________ (read) science fiction in his spare time. 5．My friend offered ________ (help) me with my physics. 6．Would you mind ________ (open) the window? It's stuffy here. 7．They planned ________ (watch) the football match on TV. 8．The coach suggested ________ (do) more warm-up exercises. 9．I tried ________ (call) him, but no one answered the phone. 10．She finished ________ (write) the composition before class. 三、按要求完成句子 1．我希望下学期多读些有趣的书。 I hope ________ ________ more interesting books next term. 2．弟弟每天练习游泳一小时。 My brother practises ________ for one hour every day. 3．离开房间前记得关窗。 Remember ________ ________ the window before leaving the room. 4．同学们都期待参加学校的艺术节。 All the students look forward to ________ the school art festival. 5．我们的老师建议我们每天记日记。 Our teacher suggested ________ ________ every day. 6．他想买一辆新自行车。（用 hope 改写同义句） He ________ ________ ________ a new bike. 7．她非常喜欢看漫画。（用 enjoy 改写） She ________ ________ comics very much. 8．记得给花浇水。（用 forget 同义替换） ________ ________ ________ water the flowers. 9．我花了两小时打扫房间。（改为 It takes 句型） It ________ me two hours ________ ________ my room. 10．他喜欢下国际象棋。（改为否定句） He ________ ________ playing chess. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Many great inventions were not created 1 purpose. They happened by accident. One famous example is the invention of penicillin. Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist, was 2 an experiment in his lab. He left some Petri dishes on the table and went on a holiday. When he 3 ， he found that a special kind of mould (霉菌) had killed the bacteria (细菌) in one dish. This unexpected 4 led to the invention of penicillin, which has saved millions of lives. Another example is the Post-it note. Spencer Silver was trying to invent a super-strong glue. 5 ， he created a weak glue that could stick and peel off easily. At first, he thought it was a 6 . But years later, his friend Arthur Fry used this glue to keep his bookmarks in place. That's how the Post-it note was born. These stories tell us that failure doesn't always mean the end. Sometimes, failure can 7 to great success. Inventors are often 8 about the world around them. They are not afraid to 9 risks and try new things. As Albert Einstein once said, "I have no special talents. I am only passionately 10 ." 1. A．in B．on C．at D．for 2. A．doing B．making C．trying D．testing 3. A．returned B．left C．started D．finished 4. A．discovery B．invention C．exploration D．exhibition 5. A．Besides B．Therefore C．Instead D．However 6. A．success B．failure C．joke D．wonder 7. A．take B．lead C．drive D．let 8. A．creative B．imaginative C．curious D．talented 9. A．make B．do C．take D．have 10. A．curious B．creative C．lucky D．brave Passage 2 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I was a kid, I was always curious about how machines worked. I often took apart old toys to see what was inside. My room was full of screws, springs, and broken parts. My interest in 1 started from these little games. One day in the sixth grade, our teacher asked us to 2 a small vehicle powered by a rubber band. At first, I had no clue. After reading several books, I 3 decided to build a tiny car using plastic bottles and rubber bands. It took me two whole weekends. When I saw it roll across the classroom floor, I felt very 4 of my work. My father noticed my interest and 5 me to join the school science club. There, I learned to draw plans before building. Once, I 6 my teammates by making a small fan that could blow out candles by itself. Later, I saw a 7 product in a shop, but mine used fewer materials. I learned that good inventors always try to make things 8 and cheaper. Working with my teacher, I began to understand that failure is normal. Not every idea will 9 at once. She was always 10 better ways to solve problems, and her guidance, together with my growing interest, helped me become a young inventor. 1. A．teaching B．inventing C．reading D．writing 2. A．draw B．buy C．design D．borrow 3. A．hardly B．finally C．nearly D．usually 4. A．afraid B．tired C．proud D．ashamed 5. A．refused B．encouraged C．forced D．warned 6. A．surprised B．bored C．worried D．disappointed 7. A．different B．similar C．large D．expensive 8. A．bigger B．simpler C．heavier D．darker 9. A．work B．fail C．start D．stop 10. A．looking at B．looking for C．looking after D．looking through Passage 3 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Do you know anything about the invention of the microwave oven?   A self-taught engineer named Percy Spencer found it was 1 to heat food quickly using radio waves. In 1945, he was working on a radar system when he noticed something strange. A chocolate bar in his pocket had melted. He realised that the microwaves from the radar set could cook food. Spencer decided to 2 this idea further. Soon, he invented his first working microwave oven. The system did work 3 , but it was very large and expensive. If the invention was to become 4 in homes, the problems had to be solved. Finally, after many improvements, smaller and cheaper models were produced. The patent for the microwave oven was 5 for in 1945, but it was not granted until 1947. 6 this patent was granted, the oven was still not popular among families because of its high price. In 1967, a company named Amana 7 the first affordable microwave oven for home use. It became very popular and 8 changed the way people cooked. Now it’s used in almost every kitchen around the world. The microwave oven shows how a simple 9 can lead to a great invention. It also teaches us that curiosity and observation are important for 10 . 1. A．easy B．difficult C．interesting D．boring 2. A．give up B．look up C．put up D．follow up 3. A．at first B．for example C．on time D．in turn 4. A．lively B．cheap C．perfect D．popular 5. A．applied B．tested C．made D．divided 6. A．As B．Although C．If D．Since 7. A．found B．mentioned C．invented D．remained 8. A．completely B．hardly C．nearly D．suddenly 9. A．mistake B．discovery C．tool D．machine 10. A．scientists B．engineers C．inventors D．users 五、短文填空 Passage 4 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 The abacus is called suanpan in Chinese. It is 1 important part of traditional Chinese culture and it is known as China’s 2 (five) great invention. People in the past 3 (use) the abacus to calculate (计算) at a higher speed, so it could be called “the 4 (old) computer in the world”. It is necessary for you 5 (know) how to use the abacus correctly. It usually has more than seven rods (杆子) . There are two beads (算珠) on each rod in the upper part and five beads each in the bottom. The beads are usually round and made of wood. We count the beads 6 moving them up or down towards the beam (横梁) . 7 you move them toward the beam, you can count value. However, if you move them away from the beam, you can’t count their value. The abacus can come back to the starting position quickly. That is, you can start to count again 8 (easy). Today, the use of abacus 9 (teach) in some schools as part of maths. And 10 (abacus) have become an interesting tool for students to study mathematics. Passage 5 Chopsticks are useful tools to have meals in China. They 1 (invent) before the Shang Dynasty. The earliest chopsticks 2 (make) of bronze. People used them 3 (pick) up food at that time. Most people believe that Chinese invented chopsticks. There are many stories about the inventor of chopsticks. Someone says that Jiang Ziya created chopsticks. 4 (actual), no one knows for sure. Chopsticks are usually 5 the shape of a square top and a round bottom. Chinese believe that the Earth is square and the sky is round. This 6 (show) respect for nature. Many people think it’s difficult to use chopsticks. In fact, it’s not. Hold them between the thumb and other fingers. The key is 7 (hold) one piece tight and move the other to control movement and force. Chopsticks are also an important part of Chinese culture. In China, it is nice 8 (pick) up food for the old by using chopsticks. But it’s impolite to point at others with them. And never make your chopsticks 9 (stand) straight in a rice bowl. Learning to use chopsticks means 10 (learn) about Chinese culture. Passage 6 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Water pollution is a serious problem around the world. A doctor, called Jack Todd, is very interested in 1 (clean) water. He has tried many ways, and 2 the end he developed a small and inexpensive system (系统) to clear waste water—the Living Machine. The machine can clean waste water in 3 (we) home and business. The machine cleans waste water. First, the waste water goes into 4 big plastic tank (水箱). In the tank, the wastes start to break down. 5 (two), a few days later, the machine brings the water into a greenhouse full of fish and plants. With the help of sunlight, plants and animals, the machine takes out many 6 (chemical) from the water. That 7 (make) the water cleaner. Then the machine can use the water for washing or bathing. It can’t be used to drink or cook, 8 the water is clean enough to water the flowers, wash the dog, and have a bath. This technology is good for the environment. It can also help to save fresh water and it can help provide the unpolluted water. If we take action 9 (do) something to save energy on the Earth, our planet will have a longer life and our life will be 10 (good). 六、选词填空 Passage 7 根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，注意形式变化。 printer, object, invent, sense, download 1. There are many different in the room, such as cups and boxes. 2. My father the danger and told us to leave at once. 3. Please help me connect the laptop to the new . 4. What about some movies for our weekend party? 5. The old changed people’s life a long time ago. Passage 8 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每空限用一次 brain   inside   stick to   blind   anyway 1. It’s raining. Let’s play basketball the sports hall. 2. Don’t old ideas if they can’t solve new problems. 3. Reading fun storybooks makes my more creative. 4. For many people, guide dogs are not just tools but friends. 5. John was very busy today, but , he arrived at the party on time. Passage 9 选用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 help  kilogram  invent  download  block 1. I a new app to learn English. 2. On December 17th, Chang’e-5 succeeded in returning to the Earth with 1.731 of lunar soil. 3. It’s said that Edison over 1,000 things in his life. 4. Grandfather picked up a(n) of wood, about 18 inches long. 5. When someone is in trouble, we shouldn’t refuse to give a(n) hand. 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $