Unit 2 Getting along 现在完成时（II）（核心语法精练） 【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2026-2027学年英语八年级上册（外研版）

**基本信息** 外研版初中英语Unit 2现在完成时（II）专项训练，以语法规则系统提炼与分层训练为特色，通过精准方法总结与情境化应用，提升语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心语法|时间副词/动词转换|already/yet位置规则、短暂性动词转换公式（如leave→be away）|从时间副词用法到动词延续性转换，构建"规则-转换-应用"递进链条| |专项突破|单句填空/完成句子|since+时间点/for+时间段搭配延续性动词|聚焦语法规则直接应用，强化易错点（如buy→have）| |综合提升|完形/短文填空|语境中时态判断与动词形式选择|通过生活化语篇综合运用语法知识，实现从知识到能力迁移|

单元核心语法精练 Unit 2 Getting along （新教材外研版） （现在完成时（II）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本单元继续学习现在完成时（II），重点掌握 already、yet、ever、never、just 等时间副词的位置与用法，以及 since 与 for 引导时间状语的区别。学会将短暂性动词转换为延续性表达，以正确表达持续一段时间的状态。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、现在完成时（II）时间副词 already 与 yet already 常用于肯定句句中，yet 用于否定句/疑问句句末，表“已经/还（未）”。 I have already finished. / Have you finished yet? ever 与 never ever 用于疑问句/肯定句表“曾经”，never 表“从未”（本身含否定）。 Have you ever been to Beijing? / I have never seen it. just 刚刚 just 表“刚刚”，用于肯定句，强调动作刚发生，常与现在完成时连用。 He has just left for school. since 与 for since 后接时间点或一般过去时从句，for 后接时间段，均须搭配延续性动词。 since 2020 / for two years. 二、延续性与短暂性动词 延续性动词 动作可持续（live, work, study, keep），可直接与 for/since 连用。 He has lived here for ten years. 短暂性动词 动作不可持续（leave, buy, die, begin），须转为延续性表达才能接时间段。 leave→be away; buy→have; die→be dead. 常见转换对照 borrow→keep, marry→be married, join→be in, come→be in/at, begin→be on。 He has been in the club for a year. 使用注意事项 1. already 多用于肯定句句中，yet 用于否定句和疑问句句末，均常与现在完成时连用。 2. ever 表示“曾经”，用于疑问句或肯定句；never 表示“从未”，本身含否定，不与 not 连用。 3. just 表示“刚刚”，用于肯定句，强调动作刚发生，后接现在完成时（has/have just done）。 4. since 后接时间点或一般过去时从句，for 后接时间段；二者都须与延续性动词搭配。 5. 短暂性动词（leave, buy, die, begin, marry, join）不能与 for/since 直接连用，须转换为延续性表达。 6. 常见转换：leave→be away, buy→have, borrow→keep, die→be dead, marry→be married, join→be in, begin→be on。 一、单项选择 1．— ________ you ever ________ a horse before? — No, never. A．Have; ridden B．Do; ride C．Did; ride D．Are; riding 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你以前骑过马吗？——从未。ever 与现在完成时连用，构成 Have you ever ridden...；ride 的过去分词是 ridden。故选 A。 2．The Greens ________ in this quiet town since they got married. A．live B．have lived C．lived D．has lived 【答案】B 【详解】句意：格林一家自从结婚就住在这个安静的小镇。since 从句提示现在完成时，主语 The Greens 表复数用 have，live 的过去分词是 lived。故选 B。 3．My brother ________ his bedroom all by himself, and it looks tidy now. A．cleans B．cleaned C．has cleaned D．will clean 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我哥哥独自打扫了卧室，现在看起来很整洁。强调过去动作对现在的影响（现在整洁），用现在完成时 has cleaned。故选 C。 4．We ________ each other for five years though we live in different cities. A．know B．knew C．will know D．have known 【答案】D 【详解】句意：尽管我们住在不同的城市，但我们认识彼此已有五年。for five years 须用现在完成时，know 的过去分词是 known。故选 D。 5．— How long ________ your uncle ________ the car? — Since 2021. A．has; had B．did; buy C．has; bought D．does; have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你叔叔买这辆车多久了？——自 2021 年起。since 须搭配延续性动词，buy 是短暂动词须转换为 have，现在完成时 has had。故选 A。 6．She ________ the piano for two hours, so her fingers feel tired. A．practices B．has practised C．practised D．will practise 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她练了两个小时钢琴，所以手指感到累。for two hours 表示持续，用现在完成时 has practised。故选 B。 7．________ you ________ the film The Wandering Earth II yet? — Not yet. A．Do; see B．Did; see C．Have; seen D．Are; seeing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你看过电影《流浪地球2》了吗？——还没。yet 用于疑问句句末，与现在完成时连用，see 的过去分词是 seen。故选 C。 8．Tom ________ online games widely with his classmates recently. A．plays B．played C．will play D．has played 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆最近和同学玩了不少网络游戏。recently 与现在完成时连用，play 的过去分词是 played。故选 D。 9．The two schools ________ a partnership about the project since last month. A．have reached B．reach C．reached D．will reach 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这两所学校自上月起就达成了项目合作。since last month 提示现在完成时，reach 的过去分词是 reached。故选 A。 10．My neighbour ________ a member of the community club for over ten years. A．becomes B．has been C．became D．will become 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的邻居成为社区俱乐部成员已超过十年。for over ten years 须用延续性表达，become 是短暂动词须用 be 的过去分词 been。故选 B。 二、单句语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．We ________ (not/meet) our new neighbours since they moved in. 【答案】haven't met 【详解】句意：自从新邻居搬来，我们还没见过面。since 从句提示现在完成时，否定用 haven't met。 2．Lucy ________ (just/post) the photos of her trip online. 【答案】has just posted 【详解】句意：露西刚把旅行照片发到了网上。just 与现在完成时连用，post 的过去分词是 posted。 3．He ________ (already/read) three books this month. 【答案】has already read 【详解】句意：这个月他已经读了三本书。already 与现在完成时连用，read 的过去分词是 read。 4．________ (be) you ever ________ (visit) the history museum? 【答案】Have; visited 【详解】句意：你曾经参观过历史博物馆吗？ever 与现在完成时连用，visit 的过去分词是 visited。 5．They ________ (know) each other for more than ten years. 【答案】have known 【详解】句意：他们互相认识十多年了。for more than ten years 须用现在完成时，know 的过去分词是 known。 6．She ________ (not/finish) her homework yet, so she can't go out. 【答案】hasn't finished 【详解】句意：她还没完成作业，所以不能出去。yet 用于否定句，finish 的过去分词是 finished。 7．My grandparents ________ (live) in the village since they were young. 【答案】have lived 【详解】句意：我祖父母从小便住在这个村子。since 从句提示现在完成时，live 的过去分词是 lived。 8．________ you ever ________ (eat) the local special food? 【答案】Have; eaten 【详解】句意：你吃过当地的特色食物吗？ever 与现在完成时连用，eat 的过去分词是 eaten。 9．The two teams ________ (reach) an agreement recently. 【答案】have reached 【详解】句意：两队最近达成了协议。recently 与现在完成时连用，reach 的过去分词是 reached。 10．Tom ________ (just/leave) the room, so please be quiet. 【答案】has just left 【详解】句意：汤姆刚离开房间，请安静。just 与现在完成时连用，leave 的过去分词是 left。 三、按要求完成句子 1．自从搬到新城市，我就交了许多好朋友。 I ________ ________ many good friends since I moved to the new city. 【答案】have made 【详解】句意：自从搬到新城市，我就交了许多好朋友。since 从句提示现在完成时，make 的过去分词是 made。 2．他刚刚已经关掉了灯。 He has just ________ ________ the light. 【答案】turned off 【详解】句意：他刚刚已经关掉了灯。just 与现在完成时连用，turn off 的过去分词是 turned off。 3．你曾经去过故宫吗？ ________ you ever ________ ________ the Palace Museum? 【答案】Have; been to 【详解】句意：你曾经去过故宫吗？ever 与现在完成时连用，“去过某地”用 have been to。 4．这本字典我已经用了三年了。 I ________ ________ this dictionary for three years. 【答案】have had 【详解】句意：这本字典我已经用了三年了。for three years 须用延续性动词，buy 须转换为 have 的现在完成时 have had。 5．我们很久没见面了。 We ________ ________ each other for a long time. 【答案】haven't seen 【详解】句意：我们很久没见面了。for a long time 与现在完成时连用，see 的过去分词是 seen。 6．约翰二十年前结婚了。（改为同义句） John ________ ________ married for twenty years. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：约翰二十年前结婚了。marry 是短暂动词，与 for 连用须转换为 be married 的现在完成时 has been。 7．她在音乐俱乐部一年了。（改为同义句） She ________ the music club a year ________. 【答案】joined; ago 【详解】句意：她在音乐俱乐部一年了。has been in 可与“joined ... ago”互换，join 的过去式是 joined。 8．我已经写完那封信了。（改为否定句） I ________ ________ the letter ________. 【答案】haven't written; yet 【详解】句意：我已经写完那封信了。肯定句变否定须借助 haven't，already 变 yet，write 的过去分词是 written。 9．他们自上周一就知道了真相。（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ they ________ the truth? 【答案】How long have; known 【详解】句意：他们自上周一就知道了真相。对持续时间提问用 How long，现在完成时 have known。 10．— 他们完成项目了吗？（作否定回答） — No, ________ ________. 【答案】they haven't 【详解】句意：——他们完成项目了吗？——不，还没。Have 开头的一般疑问句否定回答用 No, they haven't。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Jenny and I have been best friends since primary school. We used to do everything together — 1 homework, watching movies, and sharing secrets. But last month, something changed. Jenny joined the school dance club and made some new friends. She started 2 me messages less often. Whenever I invited her to hang out, she always said she was busy. I felt 3 and didn’t know what to do. One day, I decided to talk to her. “Jenny, I feel like we’re not as 4 as before,” I said. She looked surprised. “I’m sorry,” she replied. “I didn’t realize you felt that way. I was just 5 to make new friends and didn’t want to lose you.” I realized that I should have told her my 6 earlier instead of keeping them inside. “I guess I was 7 that you might not want to be my friend anymore,” I admitted. Jenny smiled and said, “You’re my best friend. Nothing can change that. Why don’t we 8 something together this weekend?” From this experience, I learned that 9 friends will respect your feelings. It is important to be honest about your fears instead of 10 them. Communication is the key to any friendship. 1. A．doing B．making C．taking D．getting 2. A．sending B．to send C．send D．sent 3. A．excited B．happy C．uncertain D．cheerful 4. A．close B．closer C．closest D．closely 5. A．try B．tried C．trying D．to try 6. A．feelings B．fears C．ideas D．suggestions 7. A．afraid B．proud C．sure D．glad 8. A．do B．to do C．doing D．did 9. A．fake B．true C．new D．old 10. A．expressing B．sharing C．hiding D．showing 【答案】 1. A 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文讲述了一对从小相伴的好友因一方加入新社团产生隔阂，最终通过坦诚沟通化解矛盾的故事，点明了真诚沟通是维系友谊的核心。 【详解】1. 句意：我们过去什么事都一起做——做作业、看电影、分享秘密。 “做作业”的固定英文搭配是do homework，和后文的动名词结构watching、sharing保持形式一致，doing符合语境。 2. 句意：她开始给我发消息的频率变得越来越低。 固定用法start doing sth.表示“开始做某事”，send messages是“发消息”的常用搭配，sending符合语法规则。 3. 句意：我感到很迷茫，不知道该怎么办。 好友突然变得忙碌疏远，“我”的情绪是不确定、不知所措的，uncertain意为“不确定的、迷茫的”，贴合当下心境。 4. 句意：“珍妮，我感觉我们不像以前那么亲密了。”我说道。 固定结构as+形容词原级+as表示“和……一样”，close意为“亲密的”，用来形容好友间的关系，符合语义。 5. 句意：我当时只是忙着认识新朋友，并不想失去你。 过去进行时结构为was/were+现在分词，trying是try的现在分词形式，符合句子时态要求。 6. 句意：我意识到我本该早点把我的感受告诉她，而不是一直憋在心里。 后文提到“我”向珍妮坦白自己的不安，这里指的是藏在心里的真实感受，feelings意为“感受”，贴合语境。 7. 句意：我感觉我之前一直害怕你再也不想和我做朋友了。” 好友逐渐疏远，“我”内心的情绪是担忧失去这段友谊，afraid意为“害怕的、担忧的”，符合人物心理。 8. 句意：我们这周末为什么不一起做点什么事呢？ 固定句型Why don’t we后接动词原形，用来提出建议，do符合该句型的语法规则。 9. 句意：从这次经历中我学到，真正的朋友会尊重你的感受。 能尊重彼此情绪、不会因新社交疏远对方的才是真挚的好友，true意为“真正的”，贴合全文对友谊的正向定义。 10. 句意：坦诚说出你的恐惧，而不是把它们藏起来，这一点非常重要。 前文提到“我”之前把情绪憋在心里，这里对应的反义行为就是“隐藏”恐惧，hiding意为“隐藏”，符合语义逻辑。 Passage 2 I used to think my neighbour Mrs Lee was a difficult person. She always kept her curtains closed and 1 smiled at anyone. One winter morning, I saw her struggling to 2 heavy bags of rice from her car. Without thinking, I ran over to help. She looked at me with 3 eyes and said, “Thank you, young man. Not many people would do that these days.” From that day on, I started to 4 her more often. She told me she was a retired nurse and lived alone after her husband passed away. Her shyness was actually 5 . As spring came, Mrs Lee planted a small garden in front of her house. She invited me to 6 the flowers. I learned that she had a great knowledge of plants. We spent many afternoons 7 gardening tips. Slowly, the whole neighbourhood changed. People began to stop and chat with Mrs Lee. She became more open and even organised a community flower show. That year, I understood that getting along with others starts with a simple act of 8 . Mrs Lee’s story taught me that we should never judge people by their 9 . A warm heart and a friendly smile can turn a stranger into a 10 . 1. A．always B．often C．never D．sometimes 2. A．carry B．sell C．hide D．burn 3. A．angry B．surprised C．sleepy D．tired 4. A．visit B．avoid C．ignore D．fear 5. A．pride B．loneliness C．happiness D．courage 6. A．pick B．water C．admire D．draw 7. A．sharing B．forgetting C．selling D．testing 8. A．kindness B．bravery C．honesty D．patience 9. A．words B．looks C．actions D．voices 10. A．stranger B．enemy C．friend D．neighbour 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过帮助邻居李太太，改变了对她的看法，并意识到善意能拉近人与人距离的故事。 【详解】1. 句意：她总是拉着窗帘，从不向任何人微笑。 根据“difficult person”及“curtains closed”，说明她性格孤僻，不愿交流，应用never“从不”。always“总是”，often“经常”，sometimes“有时”，均不符。 2. 句意：一个冬天的早晨，我看见她挣扎着从车里搬沉重的米袋。 根据“heavy bags”及“from her car”，说明是搬运重物，应用carry“搬”。sell“售卖”，hide“躲藏”，burn“燃烧”，均不符。 3. 句意：她用惊讶的眼神看着我说：“谢谢你，年轻人。如今没多少人会这样做。” 根据上文作者认为她难相处，她没想到有人主动帮忙，应用surprised“惊讶的”。angry“生气的”，sleepy“困倦的”，tired“疲惫的”，均不符。 4. 句意：从那天起，我开始更经常去拜访她。 根据关系改善，应是主动接触建立友谊，应用visit“拜访”。avoid“回避”，ignore“忽视”，fear“害怕”，均不符。 5. 句意：她的害羞其实是孤独。 根据“lived alone”及“husband passed away”，说明独居导致孤独，应用loneliness“孤独”。pride“骄傲”，happiness“快乐”，courage“勇气”，均不符。 6. 句意：她邀请我去欣赏花朵。 根据花园种植情境，邀请邻居通常是分享美景，应用admire“欣赏”。pick“采摘”，water“浇水”，draw“绘画”，均不符。 7. 句意：我们花了很多下午的时间分享园艺技巧。 根据交流情境，应是互相交换知识，应用sharing“分享”。forgetting“忘记”，selling“售卖”，testing“测试”，均不符。 8. 句意：那年，我理解了与他人相处始于一个简单的善举。 根据帮助搬米的故事，其核心是善意之举，应用kindness“善意”。bravery“勇敢”，honesty“诚实”，patience“耐心”，均不符。 9. 句意：李太太的故事告诉我，我们绝不应以貌取人。 作者起初因窗帘紧闭误解她，指表面印象，应用looks。words“话语”，actions“行动”，voices“嗓音”，均不符。 10. 句意：温暖的心和友好的微笑能将陌生人变成朋友。 根据关系转变逻辑，由陌生隔阂走向成为朋友，应用friend“朋友”。stranger“陌生人”，enemy“敌人”，neighbour“邻居”，均不符。 Passage 3 When Mrs White moved into the neighbourhood, she brought her lovely dog Coco. Everything was peaceful until Coco started barking at night. Mr Green, who lived next door, complained to the community committee. The relationship between the two families became 1 . One afternoon, Mrs White noticed Mr Green watering his flowers. She took a deep breath and walked over. “I’m sorry about the 2 ,” she said softly. “Coco is just feeling lonely because I work late these days.” Mr Green was surprised by her 3 . He replied, “I understand, but the noise really 4 my sleep. Could you please find a way to calm her down?” Mrs White promised to try. She bought a comfortable dog bed and left soft music on when she was out. Surprisingly, Coco stopped barking. A few days later, Mr Green brought over some homemade cookies as a 5 . “Thank you for being so understanding,” he smiled. Their 6 turned into a friendship, and they often walked their dogs together in the park. This experience taught Mrs White that a small act of communication can 7 a difficult situation into a pleasant one. She 8 that getting along with neighbours requires patience and a willingness to listen. Now, whenever a problem 9 , she always chooses to talk first 10 arguing. 1. A．close B．friendly C．tense D．warm 2. A．noise B．smell C．mess D．damage 3. A．gift B．apology C．excuse D．suggestion 4. A．improves B．affects C．protects D．enjoys 5. A．treat B．prize C．tool D．toy 6. A．fight B．talk C．silence D．relationship 7. A．make B．translate C．divide D．turn 8. A．forgot B．doubted C．realised D．imagined 9. A．rises B．appears C．disappears D．happens 10. A．instead of B．as well as C．such as D．because of 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A 【导语】本文讲述了怀特太太因狗叫与邻居格林先生产生矛盾，后通过主动沟通解决问题，最终化解矛盾成为朋友的故事。 【详解】1. 句意：两个家庭之间的关系变得紧张了。 根据“Mr Green, who lived next door, complained to the community committee.”可知，格林先生向居委会投诉，说明两家关系紧张。tense“紧张的”，符合语境。close“亲密的”，friendly“友好的”，warm“温暖的”，均不符合语境。 2. 句意：我对噪音感到很抱歉。 根据“Coco started barking at night”可知，可可晚上吠叫，制造了噪音。noise“噪音”，符合语境。mess“混乱”，smell“气味”，damage“损害”，均不符合语境。 3. 句意：格林先生对她的道歉感到惊讶。 根据“I’m sorry about the…”可知，怀特太太在道歉。apology“道歉”，符合语境。gift“礼物”，excuse“借口”，suggestion“建议”，均不符合语境。 4. 句意：我理解，但是噪音确实影响了我的睡眠。 根据“but the noise really…my sleep”可知，噪音对睡眠产生了影响。affects“影响”，符合语境。improves“改善”，protects“保护”，enjoys“享受”，均不符合语境。 5. 句意：几天后，格林先生带了一些自制的饼干作为款待。 根据“brought over some homemade cookies”可知，这是作为友好的表示。treat“款待”，符合语境。prize“奖品”，tool“工具”，toy“玩具”，均不符合语境。 6. 句意：他们的关系演变成了友谊，他们还经常一起在公园里遛狗。 根据“Thank you for being so understanding”可知，双方变成了朋友。relationship“关系”，符合语境。fight“打架”，talk“谈话”，silence“沉默”，均不符合语境。 7. 句意：这次经历让怀特太太明白，一次小小的沟通行为就能够把棘手的局面转变为愉快的局面。 根据“a difficult situation into a pleasant one”可知，此处表示“转变”。turn与into搭配，“将……转变为……”，符合语境。make“使”，translate“翻译”，divide“分开”，均不符合语境。 8. 句意：她意识到与邻居相处需要耐心和倾听的意愿。 根据“that getting along with neighbours requires patience”可知，这是她意识到的道理。realised“意识到”，符合语境。forgot“忘记”，doubted“怀疑”，imagined“想象”，均不符合语境。 9. 句意：现在，每当问题发生时，她总是选择先交谈而不是争吵。 根据“she always chooses to talk first”可知，是问题出现时采取行动。happens“发生”，符合语境。appears“出现”，rises“上升”，disappears“消失”，均不符合语境。 10. 句意：现在，每当问题发生时，她总是选择先交谈而不是争吵。 根据“talk first”和“argue”可知，此处表示“而不是”。instead of“而不是”，符合语境。as well as“也”，such as“例如”，because of“因为”，均不符合语境。 五、短文填空 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，用所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。 Once upon a time, there were two neighbors. They often argued over small things. One day, they had a big fight over a tree that stood 1 (exact) on the boundary of their yards. Both of them wanted the tree for 2 (they) own use. An old man in the village saw this and decided 3 (help) them. He told them a story about the Liuchi Lane. He said, “Do you know the famous ‘Six-Chi Lane’? It 4 (build) during the Qing Dynasty. Two families both stepped back and 5 (create) a lane between their houses. They lived in peace from then on.” The two neighbors were 6 (deep) moved by the story. They felt 7 (shame) of their behavior. They decided 8 (stop) arguing and share the tree instead. From that day on, they became good friends. The old man was very happy to see this. He said, “This is the power of kindness. When we are 9 (will) to give up something small, we can gain something much 10 (great) in return.” 【答案】 1. exactly 2. their 3. to help 4. was built 5. created 6. deeply 7. ashamed 8. to stop 9. willing 10. greater 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两户邻居因一棵长在院子边界上的树而发生争执，村里一位老人通过讲述“六尺巷”的故事感化了他们，使他们停止争吵、共享大树并成为好朋友的故事，说明了善良与谦让的力量。 【详解】1. 句意：有一天，他们为一棵正好长在两家院子边界上的树大吵了一架。此处修饰动词stood，表示“恰好，正好”，应用副词形式。结合所给词exact，其副词为exactly。 2. 句意：他们俩都想把这棵树占为己用。此处修饰名词own use，应用形容词性物主代词。结合所给词they，其形容词性物主代词为their。 3. 句意：村里的一位老人看到这一幕，决定帮助他们。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语，应填to help。 4. 句意：它建于清朝。主语It指代“六尺巷”，与build之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“during the Qing Dynasty”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”。主语It为单数，be动词用was，build的过去分词为built，应填was built。 5. 句意：两家人各自后退，在房子之间让出了一条巷子。此处与并列谓语stepped back保持一致，应用一般过去时。结合所给词create，其过去式为created。 6. 句意：两位邻居被这个故事深深感动了。此处修饰动词moved，表示“深深地”，应用副词形式。结合所给词deep，其副词为deeply。 7. 句意：他们为自己的行为感到羞愧。feel ashamed of意为“对……感到羞愧”，此处应用形容词作表语。结合所给词shame，其形容词为ashamed。 8. 句意：他们决定停止争吵，转而共享这棵树。decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语，应填to stop。 9. 句意：当我们愿意放弃一些小事时，我们反而能得到更伟大的东西。be willing to do sth.意为“愿意做某事”，此处应用形容词作表语。结合所给词will，其形容词为willing。 10. 句意：当我们愿意放弃一些小事时，我们反而能得到更伟大的东西。much修饰比较级，结合所给词great，其比较级为greater。 Passage 5 根据短文内容填写所缺单词或所给单词的正确形式，使语篇意思完整。 Have you ever had a problem with a friend? I have. Last term, my best friend Li Ming 1 (join) the school basketball team. He spent most of his free time 2 (practice) with his teammates. I felt lonely and 3 (certain) about our friendship. One day, I decided to talk to him. “Li Ming, I feel like we don’t spend much time together anymore,” I said. He looked 4 (surprise). “I’m sorry,” he replied. “I didn’t realize you felt that way. I was just trying 5 (make) new friends.” I was afraid that he might not want to be my friend anymore. But he said, “You’re my best friend. Nothing can change that.” His words made me feel much 6 (good). From this experience, I learned an important lesson. It is difficult for people 7 (talk) about their feelings. But you 8 (should) hide your feelings to please others. True friends will respect your 9 (feel). Whenever you face a problem in a friendship, remember that communication is the key. A problem 10 (share) is a problem halved. 【答案】 1. joined 2. practicing 3. uncertain 4. surprised 5. to make 6. better 7. to talk 8. shouldn’t 9. feelings 10. shared 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者和好友李明之间的友谊小矛盾。李明加入篮球队后陪伴作者的时间变少，作者感到孤单，两人沟通之后重归于好。 【详解】1. 句意：上学期，我最好的朋友李明加入了学校篮球队。 时间Last term表示过去，句子使用一般过去时，join的过去式是joined，故填joined。 2. 句意：他把大部分空闲时间都用来和队友一起练习。 固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth. 表示花费时间做某事，practice要变为动名词practicing，故填practicing。 3. 句意：我感到孤单，对我们的友谊没有把握。 根据lonely可知作者内心不确定，certain是“确定的”，反义词uncertain表示不确定的，形容词作表语，故填uncertain。 4. 句意：他看起来很惊讶。 look在这里是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，修饰人用surprised，表示感到惊讶的，故填surprised。 5. 句意：我只是尽力去结交新朋友。 固定搭配try to do sth. 表示尽力做某事，不定式to后接动词原形，故填to make。 6. 句意：他的话让我感觉好多了。 much用来修饰形容词比较级，good的比较级是better，much better表示好多了，故填better。 7. 句意：对人们来说谈论自己的感受是一件困难的事。 固定句型It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth. 表示对某人来说做某事是……的，要用动词不定式，故填to talk。 8. 句意：但是你不应该为了取悦别人而隐藏你的感受。 结合语境，此处表达不应该，should的否定形式shouldn’t，故填shouldn’t。 9. 句意：真正的朋友会尊重你的感受。 形容词性物主代词your后面需要名词，feel是动词，名词feeling，此处用复数feelings表示多种情绪、感受，故填feelings。 10. 句意：一个被分享的难题就是减半的难题。 此处用过去分词作后置定语，shared表示被分享的，修饰名词problem，故填shared。 Passage 6 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I 1 (read) a story called The Selfish Giant. It was written by Oscar Wilde, a great English writer. In the story, a giant lived in a huge house with a beautiful garden. A high wall 2 (build) around his garden, and a notice was put on the gate: “No children allowed.” Spring never came to the garden, 3 did the birds sing. The children were sad but still came to play outside the wall every day. They felt afraid of the giant at first. However, one day a little boy found a small hole and climbed in. When the giant saw the children playing and laughing, his heart was full of 4 (warm). He ran to them with tears in his eyes and said, “I am so sorry. This garden is yours now.” The giant had never felt so happy in his whole life. He opened the gate, and the children rushed 5 the garden. From then on, the garden was full of life. The giant became friends with his 6 (neighbour), and they played 7 (happy) together every afternoon. He allowed the children 8 (play) in the garden whenever they wanted. The children showed great 9 (understand) of the giant’s change, and they became best friends. It was 10 (beautiful) garden in the town. 【答案】 1. read 2. was built 3. nor/neither 4. warmth 5. into 6. neighbours 7. happily 8. to play 9. understanding 10. the most beautiful 【导语】本文讲述奥斯卡・王尔德《自私的巨人》的故事。巨人筑起高墙禁止孩子入园，花园失去生机。后来巨人幡然醒悟接纳孩子，花园重获生机，传递分享带来美好的主旨。 【详解】1. 句意：我读过一个名叫《自私的巨人》的故事。文章叙述已经发生过的读书经历，此处用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式read。 2. 句意：一道高墙被修建在他花园四周，大门上张贴告示：“禁止儿童入内。” 主语“A high wall”和动词build之间是被动关系，后文“was put”为一般过去时的被动语态，时态保持一致；主语是单数，be动词用was，build的过去分词为built。 3. 句意：春天从未来到这座花园，鸟儿也从不歌唱。前半句含有否定词“never”，表示否定情况同样适用于后者，要用否定倒装结构“nor/neither + 助动词 + 主语”。 4. 句意：当巨人看见孩子们嬉笑玩耍，他的内心充满温暖。空格前“was full of”后接名词，warm的名词形式为warmth“温暖”，不可数名词。 5. 句意：他打开大门，孩子们冲进花园。固定短语rush into表示“冲进……”，应用介词into。 6. 句意：巨人和他的邻居们成为朋友，他们每天下午开心地在一起玩耍。neighbour为可数名词，此处表示多位邻居，需要使用复数形式neighbours。 7. 句意：巨人和他的邻居们成为朋友，他们每天下午开心地在一起玩耍。本空修饰动词“played”，副词修饰动词，happy的副词形式为happily。 8. 句意：他允许孩子们随时来花园里玩耍。固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式to play。 9. 句意：孩子们十分理解巨人的转变，他们成了最好的朋友。形容词“great”后需接名词，understand的名词形式为understanding“理解”，不可数名词。 10. 句意：它成了镇上最美的花园。范围“in the town”表示在城镇全部范围之内，三者及以上比较要用形容词最高级，beautiful的最高级为most beautiful，形容词最高级前要加定冠词the。 六、选词填空 Passage 7 将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入下列句子中，每词仅用一次。 instead of   truly   wise   inside   allow 1. As soon as we walked the house, we felt the warmth from the family. 2. The mother her kids to go out and play even if it’s rainy. 3. Maddie has already accepted her height feeling sad. 4. Su Bingtian believed he could write his own story by trying hard. 5. To make more friends, it’s to respect others first. 【答案】1. inside 2. allows 3. instead of 4. truly 5. wise 【详解】1. 句意：我们一走进屋里，就感受到了来自这个家庭的温暖。此处需要一个介词，在句中引出地点。根据空后的“the house”以及后半句“felt the warmth from the family”可知，此处表示“走进房子里面”，inside表示“在……里面”。 2. 句意：这位母亲允许她的孩子们出去玩，即使下雨也是如此。此处需要一个动词，在句中作谓语。根据空后的结构“her kids to go out and play”可知，此处是固定搭配“allow sb. to do sth.”意为“允许某人做某事”，主语“The mother”为单数第三人称，陈述日常习惯应用一般现在时allows。 3. 句意：Maddie已经接受了自己的身高，而不是感到难过。此处需要一个介词短语，在句中连接动名词短语“feeling sad”。根据空前的“accepted her height”与空后的“feeling sad”可知，此处表示“而不是……”，应用介词短语instead of。 4. 句意：苏炳添坚信通过努力拼搏他能书写属于自己的故事。此处需要一个副词，在句中作状语修饰动词“believed”。根据空后的谓语动词“believed”可知，此处指“真正地/坚决地”相信。 5. 句意：想要结交更多的朋友，首先尊重他人是明智的。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作系动词“is”的表语。根据句型结构“It’s + adj. + to do sth.”意为“做某事是……的”以及语境可知，想交朋友先尊重别人是“明智的”，wise表示“明智的，聪明的”。 Passage 8 选用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 argue  poem  whenever  perhaps  neighbour 1. I would love to go abroad this year, to the South of France. 2. She is always ready to help others they need help. 3. The roof (屋顶) of my house needs repairing. 4. She likes to read to enjoy herself. 5. She is an impatient salesgirl. She always with customers. 【答案】1. perhaps 2. whenever 3. neighbour’s 4. poems 5. argues 【详解】1. 句意：今年我想出国，也许去法国南部。此处表示“也许、或许”，用于提出一种可能性，perhaps符合语境。 2. 句意：每当别人需要帮助时，她总是乐于助人。此处表示“每当”，引导时间状语从句，whenever符合语境。 3. 句意：我邻居家的屋顶需要修理。此处表示“邻居的”，需用名词所有格修饰house，neighbour变为neighbour’s。 4. 句意：她喜欢读诗来娱乐自己。此处需名词作read的宾语，表示“诗歌”，poem为可数名词，且泛指类别用复数poems。 5. 句意：她是一个不耐烦的女售货员，她总是和顾客争吵。此处需动词作谓语，表示“争吵”，argue符合，主语She为第三人称单数，且由always可知用一般现在时，故填argues。 Passage 9 选用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 afraid  since  hole  message  build 1. It is impossible to a museum in such a short time. 2. Alice has lived in Singapore she was a child. 3. My teacher is busy every day. She always gets endless text and phone calls. 4. To make his yard beautiful, Mr Green dug a to plant a tree yesterday. 5. I’m sure our monitor will not be of making speeches in front of the whole school. 【答案】1. build 2. since 3. messages 4. hole 5. afraid 【详解】1. 句意：在这么短的时间内建造一个博物馆是不可能的。固定句型“It is+形容词+to do sth.”，空格处需填动词原形。build表示“建造”，符合语境。 2. 句意：爱丽丝自从是个孩子时就住在新加坡。句子时态为现在完成时，此处需填连词since引导时间状语从句，since意为“自从……以来”。 3. 句意：我的老师每天都很忙。她总是收到数不清的短信和电话。text message为固定搭配表示“短信”；endless表示“无数的”，后接可数名词复数，message的复数形式为messages， 4. 句意：为了使院子漂亮，格林先生昨天挖了一个坑种树。dig a hole是固定搭配，意为“挖坑”，不定冠词a后接单数名词hole。 5. 句意：我相信我们的班长不会害怕在全校面前演讲。固定搭配be afraid of doing sth.，表示“害怕做某事”，afraid意为“害怕的”。 2 / 17乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 2 Getting along (新教材外研版) (现在完成时(II)) 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本单元继续学习现在完成时(II),重点掌握 already、yet、ever、never、just 等时间副词的位置与用法,以及 since 与 for 引导时间状语的区别。学会将短暂性动词转换为延续性表达,以正确表达持续一段时间的状态。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、现在完成时(II)时间副词 already 与 yet already 常用于肯定句句中,yet 用于否定句/疑问句句末,表“已经/还(未)”。 I have already finished. / Have you finished yet? ever 与 never ever 用于疑问句/肯定句表“曾经”,never 表“从未”(本身含否定)。 Have you ever been to Beijing? / I have never seen it. just 刚刚 just 表“刚刚”,用于肯定句,强调动作刚发生,常与现在完成时连用。 He has just left for school. since 与 for since 后接时间点或一般过去时从句,for 后接时间段,均须搭配延续性动词。 since 2020 / for two years. 二、延续性与短暂性动词 延续性动词 动作可持续(live, work, study, keep),可直接与 for/since 连用。 He has lived here for ten years. 短暂性动词 动作不可持续(leave, buy, die, begin),须转为延续性表达才能接时间段。 leave be away; buy have; die be dead. 常见转换对照 borrow keep, marry be married, join be in, come be in/at, begin be on。 He has been in the club for a year. 使用注意事项 1. already 多用于肯定句句中,yet 用于否定句和疑问句句末,均常与现在完成时连用。 2. ever 表示“曾经”,用于疑问句或肯定句;never 表示“从未”,本身含否定,不与 not 连用。 3. just 表示“刚刚”,用于肯定句,强调动作刚发生,后接现在完成时(has/have just done)。 4. since 后接时间点或一般过去时从句,for 后接时间段;二者都须与延续性动词搭配。 5. 短暂性动词(leave, buy, die, begin, marry, join)不能与 for/since 直接连用,须转换为延续性表达。 6. 常见转换:leave be away, buy have, borrow keep, die be dead, marry be married, join be in, begin be on。 一、单项选择 1.— you ever a horse before? — No, never. A.Have; ridden B.Do; ride C.Did; ride D.Are; riding 2.The Greens in this quiet town since they got married. A.live B.have lived C.lived D.has lived 3.My brother his bedroom all by himself, and it looks tidy now. A.cleans B.cleaned C.has cleaned D.will clean 4.We each other for five years though we live in different cities. A.know B.knew C.will know D.have known 5.— How long your uncle the car? — Since 2021. A.has; had B.did; buy C.has; bought D.does; have 6.She the piano for two hours, so her fingers feel tired. A.practices B.has practised C.practised D.will practise 7. you the film The Wandering Earth II yet? — Not yet. A.Do; see B.Did; see C.Have; seen D.Are; seeing 8.Tom online games widely with his classmates recently. A.plays B.played C.will play D.has played 9.The two schools a partnership about the project since last month. A.have reached B.reach C.reached D.will reach 10.My neighbour a member of the community club for over ten years. A.becomes B.has been C.became D.will become 二、单句语法填空:在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1.We (not/meet) our new neighbours since they moved in. 2.Lucy (just/post) the photos of her trip online. 3.He (already/read) three books this month. 4. (be) you ever (visit) the history museum? 5.They (know) each other for more than ten years. 6.She (not/finish) her homework yet, so she can't go out. 7.My grandparents (live) in the village since they were young. 8. you ever (eat) the local special food? 9.The two teams (reach) an agreement recently. 10.Tom (just/leave) the room, so please be quiet. 三、按要求完成句子 1.自从搬到新城市,我就交了许多好朋友。 I many good friends since I moved to the new city. 2.他刚刚已经关掉了灯。 He has just the light. 3.你曾经去过故宫吗? you ever the Palace Museum? 4.这本字典我已经用了三年了。 I this dictionary for three years. 5.我们很久没见面了。 We each other for a long time. 6.约翰二十年前结婚了。(改为同义句) John married for twenty years. 7.她在音乐俱乐部一年了。(改为同义句) She the music club a year . 8.我已经写完那封信了。(改为否定句) I the letter . 9.他们自上周一就知道了真相。(对划线部分提问) they the truth? 10.— 他们完成项目了吗?(作否定回答) — No, . 四、完形填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Jenny and I have been best friends since primary school. We used to do everything together — 1 homework, watching movies, and sharing secrets. But last month, something changed. Jenny joined the school dance club and made some new friends. She started 2 me messages less often. Whenever I invited her to hang out, she always said she was busy. I felt 3 and didn’t know what to do. One day, I decided to talk to her. “Jenny, I feel like we’re not as 4 as before,” I said. She looked surprised. “I’m sorry,” she replied. “I didn’t realize you felt that way. I was just 5 to make new friends and didn’t want to lose you.” I realized that I should have told her my 6 earlier instead of keeping them inside. “I guess I was 7 that you might not want to be my friend anymore,” I admitted. Jenny smiled and said, “You’re my best friend. Nothing can change that. Why don’t we 8 something together this weekend?” From this experience, I learned that 9 friends will respect your feelings. It is important to be honest about your fears instead of 10 them. Communication is the key to any friendship. 1. A.doing B.making C.taking D.getting 2. A.sending B.to send C.send D.sent 3. A.excited B.happy C.uncertain D.cheerful 4. A.close B.closer C.closest D.closely 5. A.try B.tried C.trying D.to try 6. A.feelings B.fears C.ideas D.suggestions 7. A.afraid B.proud C.sure D.glad 8. A.do B.to do C.doing D.did 9. A.fake B.true C.new D.old 10. A.expressing B.sharing C.hiding D.showing Passage 2 I used to think my neighbour Mrs Lee was a difficult person. She always kept her curtains closed and 1 smiled at anyone. One winter morning, I saw her struggling to 2 heavy bags of rice from her car. Without thinking, I ran over to help. She looked at me with 3 eyes and said, “Thank you, young man. Not many people would do that these days.” From that day on, I started to 4 her more often. She told me she was a retired nurse and lived alone after her husband passed away. Her shyness was actually 5 . As spring came, Mrs Lee planted a small garden in front of her house. She invited me to 6 the flowers. I learned that she had a great knowledge of plants. We spent many afternoons 7 gardening tips. Slowly, the whole neighbourhood changed. People began to stop and chat with Mrs Lee. She became more open and even organised a community flower show. That year, I understood that getting along with others starts with a simple act of 8 . Mrs Lee’s story taught me that we should never judge people by their 9 . A warm heart and a friendly smile can turn a stranger into a 10 . 1. A.always B.often C.never D.sometimes 2. A.carry B.sell C.hide D.burn 3. A.angry B.surprised C.sleepy D.tired 4. A.visit B.avoid C.ignore D.fear 5. A.pride B.loneliness C.happiness D.courage 6. A.pick B.water C.admire D.draw 7. A.sharing B.forgetting C.selling D.testing 8. A.kindness B.bravery C.honesty D.patience 9. A.words B.looks C.actions D.voices 10. A.stranger B.enemy C.friend D.neighbour Passage 3 When Mrs White moved into the neighbourhood, she brought her lovely dog Coco. Everything was peaceful until Coco started barking at night. Mr Green, who lived next door, complained to the community committee. The relationship between the two families became 1 . One afternoon, Mrs White noticed Mr Green watering his flowers. She took a deep breath and walked over. “I’m sorry about the 2 ,” she said softly. “Coco is just feeling lonely because I work late these days.” Mr Green was surprised by her 3 . He replied, “I understand, but the noise really 4 my sleep. Could you please find a way to calm her down?” Mrs White promised to try. She bought a comfortable dog bed and left soft music on when she was out. Surprisingly, Coco stopped barking. A few days later, Mr Green brought over some homemade cookies as a 5 . “Thank you for being so understanding,” he smiled. Their 6 turned into a friendship, and they often walked their dogs together in the park. This experience taught Mrs White that a small act of communication can 7 a difficult situation into a pleasant one. She 8 that getting along with neighbours requires patience and a willingness to listen. Now, whenever a problem 9 , she always chooses to talk first 10 arguing. 1. A.close B.friendly C.tense D.warm 2. A.noise B.smell C.mess D.damage 3. A.gift B.apology C.excuse D.suggestion 4. A.improves B.affects C.protects D.enjoys 5. A.treat B.prize C.tool D.toy 6. A.fight B.talk C.silence D.relationship 7. A.make B.translate C.divide D.turn 8. A.forgot B.doubted C.realised D.imagined 9. A.rises B.appears C.disappears D.happens 10. A.instead of B.as well as C.such as D.because of 五、短文填空 Passage 4 阅读下面短文,用所给单词的适当形式填空,使短文完整、通顺。 Once upon a time, there were two neighbors. They often argued over small things. One day, they had a big fight over a tree that stood 1 (exact) on the boundary of their yards. Both of them wanted the tree for 2 (they) own use. An old man in the village saw this and decided 3 (help) them. He told them a story about the Liuchi Lane. He said, “Do you know the famous ‘Six-Chi Lane’? It 4 (build) during the Qing Dynasty. Two families both stepped back and 5 (create) a lane between their houses. They lived in peace from then on.” The two neighbors were 6 (deep) moved by the story. They felt 7 (shame) of their behavior. They decided 8 (stop) arguing and share the tree instead. From that day on, they became good friends. The old man was very happy to see this. He said, “This is the power of kindness. When we are 9 (will) to give up something small, we can gain something much 10 (great) in return.” Passage 5 根据短文内容填写所缺单词或所给单词的正确形式,使语篇意思完整。 Have you ever had a problem with a friend? I have. Last term, my best friend Li Ming 1 (join) the school basketball team. He spent most of his free time 2 (practice) with his teammates. I felt lonely and 3 (certain) about our friendship. One day, I decided to talk to him. “Li Ming, I feel like we don’t spend much time together anymore,” I said. He looked 4 (surprise). “I’m sorry,” he replied. “I didn’t realize you felt that way. I was just trying 5 (make) new friends.” I was afraid that he might not want to be my friend anymore. But he said, “You’re my best friend. Nothing can change that.” His words made me feel much 6 (good). From this experience, I learned an important lesson. It is difficult for people 7 (talk) about their feelings. But you 8 (should) hide your feelings to please others. True friends will respect your 9 (feel). Whenever you face a problem in a friendship, remember that communication is the key. A problem 10 (share) is a problem halved. Passage 6 阅读短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I 1 (read) a story called The Selfish Giant. It was written by Oscar Wilde, a great English writer. In the story, a giant lived in a huge house with a beautiful garden. A high wall 2 (build) around his garden, and a notice was put on the gate: “No children allowed.” Spring never came to the garden, 3 did the birds sing. The children were sad but still came to play outside the wall every day. They felt afraid of the giant at first. However, one day a little boy found a small hole and climbed in. When the giant saw the children playing and laughing, his heart was full of 4 (warm). He ran to them with tears in his eyes and said, “I am so sorry. This garden is yours now.” The giant had never felt so happy in his whole life. He opened the gate, and the children rushed 5 the garden. From then on, the garden was full of life. The giant became friends with his 6 (neighbour), and they played 7 (happy) together every afternoon. He allowed the children 8 (play) in the garden whenever they wanted. The children showed great 9 (understand) of the giant’s change, and they became best friends. It was 10 (beautiful) garden in the town. 六、选词填空 Passage 7 将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入下列句子中,每词仅用一次。 instead of truly wise inside allow 1. As soon as we walked the house, we felt the warmth from the family. 2. The mother her kids to go out and play even if it’s rainy. 3. Maddie has already accepted her height feeling sad. 4. Su Bingtian believed he could write his own story by trying hard. 5. To make more friends, it’s to respect others first. Passage 8 选用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 argue poem whenever perhaps neighbour 1. I would love to go abroad this year, to the South of France. 2. She is always ready to help others they need help. 3. The roof (屋顶) of my house needs repairing. 4. She likes to read to enjoy herself. 5. She is an impatient salesgirl. She always with customers. Passage 9 选用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 afraid since hole message build 1. It is impossible to a museum in such a short time. 2. Alice has lived in Singapore she was a child. 3. My teacher is busy every day. She always gets endless text and phone calls. 4. To make his yard beautiful, Mr Green dug a to plant a tree yesterday. 5. I’m sure our monitor will not be of making speeches in front of the whole school. 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $