Unit 1 Great people 同步课时练习 2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 本同步练习围绕“伟大人物”主题，采用“基础巩固-能力提升-文化拓展”三层设计，通过词汇语法分层训练、语篇综合应用及跨学科阅读，系统培养语言能力与文化意识。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |课内基础|课标/非课标词汇、单句语法、教材原文填空|词汇分梯度（课标核心与拓展），语法题结合课文语境，原文填空强化语篇记忆| |能力提升|阅读理解（选择/七选五）、语篇填空、写作指导|阅读设梯度（事实细节→推理判断），写作提供句型模板与实战演练，培养逻辑思维| |文化拓展|中外科学家事迹、跨学科连接（科学史）|融入王贞仪、钱学森等人物故事，结合青霉素发现等科学史，提升文化意识与家国情怀|

Unit 1 Great people Section 1 Reading & Listening Part I 课内基础练习 I.词汇练习 从方框中选择适当的单词填空(如有必要，须改变单词的形式。每个单词仅使用一次) A 课标词汇及变形 lamp poet dramatist 1. Du Fu, a famous Chinese , cared about poor farmers and wrote many poems to show his deep sympathy for their hard lives. 2. Both Chinese and Western share the same goal: to make people laugh, cry, and think deeply about life through the power of stories. 3. To protect your eyes from getting tired, always turn on the before reading a book in a dark room. B 非课标词汇 classical old-fashioned ordinary convinced philosopher outstanding 1. My mother is a(n) doctor, but she saves many patients’ lives every year, and I am so proud of her meaningful work. 2. The scientist Tu Youyou discovered a life-saving medicine from Chinese herbs and won the Nobel Prize for her great work. 3. Many Chinese students learn to play instruments like the guzheng and erhu, which have beautiful sounds that touch the heart. 4. After volunteering at the community centre, I am that even a small act of giving can bring great joy to both the giver and the receiver. 5. Some people say that handwriting is in the digital age, but beautiful handwriting still shows your care and personality. 6. Reading books by great helps young students develop their own views on friendship, responsibility, and the meaning of true success. II.单句语法填空 A.用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 1. I think regular exercise is the most (effect) method to reduce stress and keep our bodies healthy and full of energy. 2. In music class, we learned to play an instrument (call) the recorder (竖笛), which is easy for beginners to learn. 3. The internet allows (people) ideas to spread quickly across the world, which helps us learn about different cultures. 4. Good (educate) can shape our character and teach us to be responsible people. 5. All the exam papers need to (complete) within two hours, so we must manage our time wisely. 6. In the thick fog, the road ahead was difficult (see), so my father drove very slowly. 7. Our biology teacher showed us many (science) experiments that explain how plants grow. 8. I plan to spend time (do) more outdoor activities this summer instead of staying indoors all day. 9. My chemistry teacher taught us the symbols of 20 common (chemistry) elements and asked us to memorize them. 10. The scientist's greatest (achieve) inspired a whole new generation of young researchers to follow their dreams. 11. The famous (poem) Li Bai wrote many beautiful poems about the moon and nature that we still read and admire today. 12. In China, calligraphy and painting are (tradition) forms of art that have been passed down for thousands of years. 13. The (discover) of a new planet outside our solar system excited astronomers around the world. 14. The (nature) world is full of amazing creatures and plants, and scientists are still discovering new species (物种) every year. 15. My father does exercise every morning (stay) healthy and energetic throughout the day. 16. At age 15, she became the (young) winner of the national piano competition. 17. In old (time), messages were delivered by horses or pigeons (鸽子), which took days, weeks or even months to reach far places. B.在空白处填入一个适当的单词 1. Many people have heard the Great Wall, but few have actually visited it in person. 2. Scientists are working hard to find better treatments cancer and other serious diseases. 3. The young athlete started training a young age and became a champion through years of hard work. 4. The ancient people lived in this area created amazing cave paintings that tell stories about their daily lives. 5. Some people have a talent making friends easily because they are good listeners. 6. The exchange student learned a lot his host family, including the language and local customs. 7. My grandmother loves to learn new technology, so I teach her how to use her smartphone. 8. My father explained the rules of the game a clear way before we started playing together. 9. We chose the camping location safety in mind, avoiding areas that were too close to the river. 10. The biologist wants to write a book the importance of protecting endangered wild animals. 11. The young man moved out of his parents' house to live his own and learn to take care of himself. 12. Many brave women history have made significant contributions to science and society. 13. Scientists are exploring solar system to find evidence (证据) of water on other planets. 14. The coach was angry the team for not trying hard enough in the match. 15. The book is made up ten chapters, each telling a different story about friendship. 16. In addition doing homework, I also help my mother with housework every evening. 17. The answer I got was the same what the teacher wrote on the blackboard. 18. I learned to ride a bicycle the age of seven with the help of my grandfather. 19. The great scientist will be remembered her important discoveries in medical research. III.根据汉语及英文提示，翻译下列句子 1.尽管他很忙，但他从不放弃阅读。(even though) 2.这本书和我上周读的那本一样有趣。(no less… than) 3.因为外面在下雨，所以我们今天将在室内上体育课。(since) 4.在教师节那天我们向我们的老师表达感谢是恰当的。(It is fitting that…) 5.我和姐姐一起搭建了一座桥梁的木制模型。(set up) 6.我总是早到学校，以便有更多时间读书。(so…that) Ⅳ.教材原文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Wang Zhenyi—— an outstanding woman scholar Wang Zhenyi (1768-1797) was a female mathematician and 1. astronomer who lived2. the Qing dynasty. She also had a talent 3. poetry. Wang 4. (grow) up in a family that valued education. As a child, she learnt mathematics from her father, astronomy from her grandfather and poetry from her grandmother. When she was a 5. (teenage), she spent a lot of time 6. (study) and 7. (build) her knowledge in her 8. (grandfather) library. Wang learnt more and more 9. astronomy and mathematics, even 10. the language in the science books was very old-fashioned 11. difficult 12. (understand). This experience made her realize something important: scientific texts need to13. (write) in a clear way so that everyone can understand 14. (they).15. this in mind, she rewrote the mathematician Mei Wending's famous book about calculation. At age 24, she created a 16. (simple) method of multiplication and division, and wrote a book about it. Wang also studied astronomy 17. her own. She described lunar and solar eclipses in her 18. (work). In old times, people 19. (think) eclipses were a sign that heaven was angry 20. them, but Wang showed that these events were 21. (complete) natural. She explained it 22. a simple way 23. that ordinary people could understand. She set 24. a model of a lunar eclipse in a garden. It 25. (make) up of a round table representing the Earth, a lamp as the Sun, and a round mirror as the Moon. Wang moved the objects around 26. (show) what happens during a lunar eclipse: when the Moon 27. (pass) into the Earth's shadow, the Moon becomes darker. Her model was clear and simple to understand, even for the 28. (young) people in the audience. In 29. (add) to her achievements in mathematics and astronomy, Wang Zhenyi was30. excellent poet, and she wrote about 31. (unusual) modern topics. Wang knew that 32. (woman) are no less intelligent than men, as we can see in this poem: It's made to believe, Women are the same 33. Men; Are you not convinced, Daughters can also be heroic? In 1994, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) named a crater on Venus 34. Wang Zhenyi. Since she achieved so much in her short time on Earth——she 35. (die) at the age of 29—— it is 36. (fit) that she 37. (remember) beyond it. Part II 能力素养提升 V.阅读理解 阅读下面的材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Dancing Raisins Experiment Do you want to bring science magic into your home? Here is a simple and exciting experiment that will amaze everyone in your family! Materials: a clear glass a spoon several raisins (葡萄干) · fresh soda (苏打) water Tip: Any water with bubbles (气泡) can be used for the experiment. Steps: 1. Fill the glass about three-quarters full with soda water. 2. Drop 4-5 raisins into the glass with the spoon. Watch what happens at first. 3. Wait for one minute. You will see something surprising! 4. Soon, the raisins will begin to move up and down in the glass, just like they are dancing. Why does this happen? The soda water has CO₂. When you drop the raisins into the water, bubbles appear. These bubbles stick to the rough(粗糙的) surface of the raisins. If the surface is smooth, the bubbles can't lift the object. When enough bubbles collect, they lift the raisins to the surface. At the surface, the bubbles pop (爆裂) , and the raisins sink again. This up-and-down movement continues for several minutes. This experiment shows how gas can change the way objects behave in soda water. It's a wonderful way to learn about density (密度) and gas in a fun and visual way. Give it a try and watch science come to life right before your eyes! 1. If you don't have soda water, which can be used instead? A. Boiled water. B. Cola. C. Orange juice. D. Salt water. 2. What causes the raisins to rise to the surface of the soda water? A. The bubbles. B. The sugar in the soda. C. The weight of the raisins. D. The heat from the soda water. 3. If you use a few smooth, small glass balls instead of raisins in Step 2, what will most likely happen? A. They will stay on the surface. B. They will dance up and down like the raisins. C. They will disappear quickly in the soda water. D. They will stay at the bottom with little movement. 4. Which part of a magazine is the text most probably taken from? A. Art. B. Science. C. Culture. D. Life. VI.阅读理解 阅读短文，从方框内所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。 The famous scientist and thinker, Charles Darwin, was born on 12 February, 1809.As a boy, Darwin liked to go for a walk in the fields and forests. He enjoyed watching nature. He also liked collecting things very much. 1 At the age of sixteen, Darwin was sent to the University of Edinburgh to become a doctor. Then he was sent to study at the University of Cambridge. He studied there until1831. 2 He was more interested in the history of nature, and he never gave up studying it. Later, Darwin heard that the ship “Beagle” was going on a trip to South America, and a scientist was needed. His teacher advised him to have a try. 3 The trip lasted almost five years. Darwin saw many new plants and animals. He collected many samples (样本) during the trip. In 1842, Darwin started to live in Kent, and he continued his studies of changes in nature. He found that plants and animals are not always the same, and they really change. 4 This book was a great hit in the world of science. He was opposed by the church (教会)and even some scientists. But later, more and more scientists agreed with him. In 1871, Darwin wrote another important book. Darwin continued his studies in science until he died in 1882. A. Later, he gave up his studies of nature. B. However, he didn't like what he learned at school. C. He collected many things, such as birds, eggs, stones, and leaves. D. By 1859, Darwin finished his famous book The Origin of Species. E. So when the ship left England in December 1831, Darwin was on it. VII.阅读与表达 阅读下面的材料，根据内容回答问题。 Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. He is known as “the father of China's space program”. When he was 24 years old, Qian went to America for further study. After graduation, he worked in America for a few years, where his working conditions were better. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been founded, and he decided not to stay in America any longer. He succeeded in coming back to his motherland in 1955, though the American government tried to stop him from leaving. In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested setting up a special organization, which later became the leading organization for China's rocket and air travel. Eight years later, China successfully developed its first medium rocket. Qian also played an important role in developing China's first man-made satellite. On April 24, 1970,“Dongfanghong-1” was successfully launched into space. Qian Xuesen was open-minded and a good listener. In 1964, a young man wrote Qian Xuesen a letter and pointed out a mistake in one of his published articles. Qian answered the letter at once and encouraged the young man to write an article about the mistake. Zhu Yilin, who was said to be the last student of Qian Xuesen, once said, “I acquired a lot of professional knowledge from Mr Qian. I also learned the spirit of a scientist, especially his deep love for the motherland. Without that deep love, he couldn't have devoted himself to developing science when New China was in great need of scientists for its development. Nor could he have made such great contributions to the development of China's rockets in the late 1950s and early 1960s when conditions in China were too hard.” 1. What did Qian Xuesen do at the age of 24? 2. When did China invent its first medium rocket? 3. What made Qian Xuesen make great contributions to China's rocket industry? 4. What spirit can you learn from Qian Xuesen? Write 30 words or more. Section 2 Grammar 形容词+ that从句 I.根据括号中的形容词，运用“形容词+that从句”的结构，以第一人称“I”改写下列句子 1. You will make greater progress in English through hard work.(certain) 2. I have to leave my friends and move to another city.(sad) 3. Our football team has won the match.(glad) 4. You feel much better today.(happy) 5. I can't accept your invitation.(afraid) 6. I was late for school this morning.(sorry) 7. He has left without saying goodbye to us.(surprised) 8. John will not be able to pass the exam.(worried) 9. Our team lost the basketball match by only one point.(disappointed) 10. You have finally found a new job.(pleased) II.根据汉语提示，翻译下列句子 1.我恐怕不能参加明天的会议。 2.她确信她最好的朋友会支持她的决定。 3.我不确定今年我妈妈会给我买什么生日礼物。 4.他们有信心他们的球队会赢得这场比赛。 5.他很高兴在新学校交到了新朋友。 6.我父亲不确定今年暑假他是否能带我们去海滩。 Section 3 Speaking & Writing Part I 课内基础练习 I.词汇练习 从方框中选择适当的单词填空(如有必要，须改变单词的形式。每个单词仅使用一次) A 课标词汇及变形 background consider manage judgement 1. We all the school science fair a great success because every student showed their creativity and hard work. 2. Although she was very nervous, the young singer to give a perfect performance on the school stage. 3. When you read a news story online, you should make a based on facts rather than your personal feelings. 4. Before reading a novel, it is helpful to know the of the writer, such as where he or she grew up and lived. B 非课标词汇 impact milestone significant evaluation 1. Before buying a new smartphone, you should make a(n) of its price, performance, and battery life to make a wise choice. 2. Protecting the environment is a(n) challenge, because our planet's future depends on what we do today. 3. The successful launch of China’ s first space station is a great in our country’ s space exploration journey. 4. The invention of the Internet has had a huge on our daily lives, changing the way we study, work, and make friends. II.单句语法填空 A.用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 1. (hundred) of volunteers from the community cleaned the park, picking up all the rubbish and planting new flowers. 2. Honesty is considered (be) an important quality that everyone should develop. 3. The ancient city is thought (be) over 3,000 years old, according to recent archaeological(考古的) findings. 4. My best friend has many wonderful personal (quality), including a good sense of humour and a kind heart. B.在空白处填入一个适当的单词 1. The school will send the exam results every student's parents through the online system. 2. I used to be afraid speaking in front of a lot of people, but after practising many times, I became much more confident. 3. Failure is not the end but a stepping stone to success; take Tu Youyou example, she experienced many failures in her research but eventually discovered a life-saving medicine and won the Nobel Prize. 4. Thanks the hard work of the rescue team, the lost hikers were found safe and sound. III.根据汉语及英文提示，翻译下列句子 1.观看科学视频后，孩子们对天文学表现出了浓厚的兴趣。(show an interest in) 2.我们设法在客人到来之前打扫了客厅。(manage to do sth) 3.受到爸爸故事的启发，他决定成为一名伟大的物理学家。(inspired by) 4.积极思维的影响可以让我们在生活中更自信。(the impact of) 5.我表哥喜欢拍美丽的自然风光。(be fond of; scenery) Part II 能力素养提升 IV.阅读理解 阅读短文，从方框内所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。 Shanghai, March 15 (Xinhua)—— Yu Yi, an outstanding educator, died of illness in Shanghai at 10:18 p. m. on March 14,2026. 1 She spent her whole life on education. Throughout her career of more than70 years, she won the respect of people all over the country. She graduated from Fudan University in 1951 and became a middle school Chinese teacher soon. She always put her students first and cared for them deeply. 2 So she often listened to them and tried to understand them. In 1978, Yu Yi became one of China's first Special-Grade Teachers. She once said, “Standing at the podium (讲台) is like singing with love.” She believed that Chinese teaching should not just focus on reciting texts and memorizing knowledge. 3 This idea helped improve Chinese teaching across the country and influenced many teachers. She was always patient and willing to share her experience. She wrote more than 6 million words of educational books. Her rich experience and deep thoughts are all in her books. These valuable works are her great gifts to education. 4 In 2019, she was awarded the national title “People’ s Educator”. She was the only winner from basic education. She set a great example for teachers, and she will be remembered in people's hearts forever. A. They guide many new teachers to grow better. B. She loved her students from the bottom of her heart. C. The title brought her lots of fame (声誉) and respect. D. Yu Yi was a well-known and respected Chinese educator. E. Instead, it should shape students' characters and develop their abilities. V.语篇填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Huang Xuhua, a great Chinese scientist, died on February 6th,2025.1. his strong spirit will always stay in our hearts and keep lighting up China's way forward. Born in 1926 (another account says 1924), in Shanwei, Guangdong Province, Huang grew up in the shadow of war. In 1945, he got into Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study shipbuilding, hoping 2. (use) his knowledge to protect the country. After 3. (graduate) in 1949, Huang joined the nation's shipbuilding industry. Huang 4. (begin) working on the top-secret“09 Project” in 1958 to develop China's first nuclear submarine (核潜艇) and became one of its leading scientists. Huang and his team started from nothing and made it. In 1983, Huang became the chief designer of China's first nuclear submarine and took part 5. a risky depth diving test in 1988. The top-secret nature of the project meant Huang could not visit his mother for thirty years. When he finally visited her in 6. late 1980s, she was in her 90s. And his father passed away. “I believe loyalty (忠诚) to the country is the 7. (great) form of filial piety (孝心) to my parents,” Huang said in a TV programme. Finally, in 1970, China's first nuclear submarine 8. (build) and tested successfully. This made China one of the few 9. (country) that had this ability. He continued to work on this technology until his later years. His story is really an inspiration to 10. (we) all. 单元写作指导 I.写作目标 本单元的话题是“伟大人物”，写作任务是要求学生描写一位伟大人物。介绍人物生平、经历与成就时用一般过去时，阐述其伟大贡献及影响、世人评价与精神意义时可用一般现在时，人称以第三人称为主。 II.写作积累 单词 1. v.奉献;致力于 5. v.钦佩;赞赏 2. n.成就; 成绩 6. n.精神 3. n.奖项 7. v.鼓励 4. adj.简朴的;简单的 8. n.贡献 短语 1.被称为…… 4.遭受…… 2.花费时间做某事 5.坚持某人的梦想 3.把一生奉献给······ 6.为……做出贡献 III.句型练习 1.他是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。 2.他的伟大成就拯救了数百万遭受饥饿的人们。 3.他始终过着简朴的生活，并一直努力工作。 4.他的精神鼓励我坚持自己的梦想。 IV.实战演练 在学习和生活中，我们认识了很多对社会和国家做出重大贡献的人。假定你是李辉，请你以“A Great Person in Our Country”为题,用英文写一篇短文,内容包括: (1)人物简介与成就；(2)人物品质与精神；(3)个人感悟与决心。 注意: (1)词数80~100; (2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 A Great Person in Our Country Section 4 Focusing on culture & Cross-curricular connection Part I 课内基础练习 Focusing on culture I.词汇练习(标*的单词为非课标词汇) 从方框中选择适当的单词填空(如有必要，须改变单词的形式。每个单词仅使用一次) belief truth concentrated* 1. The scientist was so on his experiment that he forgot to have lunch and only stopped working when the sun went down. 2. The famous scientist Albert Einstein had a strong that imagination was more important than knowledge in making new discoveries. 3. The that I learned from failure is that every mistake is a valuable lesson that helps us become better and stronger. II.单句语法填空 A.用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 1. We should always seek the (true) because it guides us to make wise decisions in our lives. 2. The students are busy (review) their lessons because the final exams are only one week away. 3. The students stopped (talk) when they heard the bell ringing for the next class. 4. Our English teacher inspired us (read) more books by sharing interesting stories from her personal experiences. 5. My best friend and I haven't seen each other for several (month) because she moved to a different city. 6. The whole class was surprised (discover) that their PE teacher used to be a professional football player. 7. The school invited a well-known (educate) to give a speech about the importance of creativity in learning. 8. The young athlete has a strong (believe) in his ability to win the championship through hard work. B.在空白处填入一个适当的单词 1. The invention of the smartphone has had a huge impact the way people communicate and share information. 2. The young boy ran into the room with a beautiful drawing his hand, eager to show it to his mother. 3. My father had to work deep the night to finish his report before the important meeting tomorrow. 4. Many people are worried the effects of climate change on our environment and future generations. 5. My grandmother loves to make delicious cakes me whenever I visit her on weekends. 6. My younger sister reached the new novel on the top of the shelf, but she couldn't get it without a chair. 7. The teacher returned our exam papers a big smile because all the students had done very well. 8. My cousin moved to a new city to fight his dreams of becoming a successful musician. III.根据汉语及英文提示，翻译下列句子 1.我姐姐一定是忘记带伞了，因为它还在家里。(must have done) 2.她为聚会选择了蓝裙子而不是白裙子。(instead of) 3.据说新的科学博物馆下个月将向公众开放。(It is said that…) 4.饭店如此吵闹，以至于我们不得不大声地互相说话。(so… that…) IV.教材原文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The taste of truth is sweet Under the dim light of 1. oil lamp, a man 2. (sit) at a desk in an old house.3. a writing brush in his hand, he was busy 4. (write) on a piece of paper. It was early spring and the air was still cold. His hands were numb,5. the task was6. important that he couldn’t stop 7. (work).“It's going 8. (take) me weeks,” he said to 9. (he). Several 10. (day) passed, and he always worked deep 11. the night. His mother was worried 12. his health, and she sometimes 13. (bring) him some snacks at night. Then one day, his mother 14. (come) again. “I have made some zongzi for you!” she said. “They taste better when 15. (dip) in the brown sugar sauce. I hope you’ ll enjoy 16. (they). And go to bed early!” “Thank you, Mum!” he said. His mother left and he continued his work. He felt a bit hungry, so he reached 17. a zongzi, dipped it in, and then 18. (eat) it. When his mother later returned 19. the bowls, she was surprised 20. (see)that there was ink all around her son's mouth. “My son,” she said, “how were your zongzi?” “They were delicious!” he 21. (reply). “But you have ink all around your mouth!” she said. “You must 22. (dip) them in the ink instead 23. the brown sugar sauce!” “Ah!” he said 24. a big smile.“25. the taste is so sweet!” The man here was Chen Wangdao, a scholar and 26. (educate). It is said that he was so 27. (concentrate) on translating The Communist Manifesto that he didn't realize he was eating ink! To Chen, “the taste of truth is so sweet”! In 1920, in his home village in Zhejiang Province, Chen Wangdao made the first Chinese translation of The Communist Manifesto. His strong belief 28. Marxism helped him complete the difficult translation work. The book inspired many of the early communist pioneers 29. (fight) for a better future 30. the people. Cross-curricular connection V.单句语法填空 A.用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 1. The (accident) discovery of the ancient cave (洞穴) paintings gave historians valuable information about early human life. 2. The artist considers nature (be) her greatest source of inspiration for all her paintings. 3. The doctor worked hard to save the patient from (die) and finally succeeded after a long operation. 4. Reading books improves our vocabulary; (similar), watching English movies can also help us learn new words. 5. The accident (cause) by careless driving reminded everyone of the importance of road safety. 6. The rescue workers tried (they) best to find the missing people after the terrible earthquake. 7. Before making a decision, we should think (far) about all the possible challenges we might face. 8. My mother used (work) as a doctor, but now she teaches at a medical school. 9. I am able (finish) my homework faster now because I have improved my time management. 10. I got to the cinema late (find) that all the tickets for the new movie had been sold out. 11. (sad), the old library that had stood for over a hundred years was destroyed in the fire. 12. My father bought a camera five years ago; since then, he (take) thousands of beautiful photos of our family. 13. English is (wide) used in international business and travel around the world. 14. In recent years, the development of AI (change) the way people communicate, work, and even drive cars. B.在空白处填入一个适当的单词 1. The Olympic Games held in Beijing were one of the most successful the history of the modern Olympics. 2. A small mistake in the experiment led a completely unexpected and exciting result. 3. I found my lost school ID card accident while I was cleaning my bedroom. 4. The living room was a mess because the children had been playing there all afternoon. 5. The whole class was excited the news that they would have a three-day holiday next week. 6. We should not always rely our parents for everything; we need to learn to be independent. VI.根据汉语及英文提示，翻译下列句子 1.只有当我们面对挑战时，我们才能成长并变得更强大。(it is only ...that) 2.我们都非常努力地让我们的城市对每个人来说更美丽。(work very hard to do sth) 3.很难相信这座建筑是在五百多年前建的。(It's hard to believe that ...) 4.他们有足够的钱支付孩子们的教育费用。(have money to do sth) 5.今年秋天我们很可能会去山里进行一次旅行。(be likely to do) VII.教材原文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Penicillin: an accidental discovery that changed the world Many people consider the discovery of penicillin 1. (be) a major 2. (turn) point in the history of the world. Before penicillin,3. simple cut or insect bite could lead 4. serious infection and even 5. (die). 6. (similar), diseases7. (cause) by bacteria were likely 8. (kill) patients within weeks or even days. Doctors tried their best,9. their treatments often failed and many patients 10. (die). It is hard 11. (believe) that this world-changing discovery happened 12. accident! In 1928, a scientist in London 13. (call) Alexander Fleming came back from holiday 14. (find) his laboratory in a bit of 15. mess. He noticed there was mould 16. (grow) in some of the laboratory 17. (dish) left 18. (lie) around. As he sorted through 19. (they), he noticed something extraordinary. There were no bacteria in 20. (area) around the mould. Fleming found that a substance in the mould was killing the bacteria. He called it “penicillin” and was 21. (excite) about using it22. (fight) infections in 23. (human).24. (sad), Fleming did not have the money or equipment 25. (develop) his research 26. (far). It was only in 27. 1940s that scientists in the United States were able 28. (produce) penicillin in large 29. (quantity). Other antibiotics were also developed during this period. Since then, antibiotics have been 30. (wide) used to treat infections. However, 31. recent years, some people have become infected by bacteria that are able to survive antibiotic treatments. Because 32. these “superbugs”, it has become clear that we cannot rely 33. (complete)34. antibiotics in the future. Scientists are therefore working hard to find new ways 35. (fight) infections. Part II 能力素养提升 VIII.阅读理解 阅读下面的材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When Marie Curie was a little girl, she was known for her amazing memory and love of learning. She was the youngest of five children in a Polish teacher's family. Her father taught physics, and her mother ran a girls' school. From a young age, Marie watched her father study his science books and look at his glass lab equipment. Marie was a very hard-working student. She always came top in her class at primary school. But life was not easy for her family. When Marie was only 10 years old, her mother died of illness. The family fell on hard times, but Marie never gave up her love for learning. At that time, women in Poland were not allowed to go to university. Marie and her older sister, Bronisława, both wanted to study, but they had no money to go abroad. So they made a plan: Marie would work as a governess(家教) to pay for her sister's studies in Paris first. When Bronisława finished and became a doctor, she would help Marie go to school. For five years, Marie worked hard and saved every coin. She read as many science books as she could in her free time. She often stayed up late studying by candlelight, even after a long day of work. She never complained, because she knew she was working toward her dream. Finally, in 1891, Marie left for Paris to study physics and mathematics at the Sorbonne. Life there was also hard. She lived in a cold, small room and ate very simple food. But she spent all her time in the library and the lab. She graduated with first-class honours in both subjects. That little girl who loved to read science books grew up to be one of the greatest scientists in history. Her early love of learning and strong will laid the foundation for her future discoveries of radium and polonium, and her two Nobel Prizes. 1. Why couldn't Marie go to university in Poland? A. Because her family was too poor. B. Because women were not allowed to. C. Because she wanted to study in Paris. D. Because her mother died when she was young. 2. What can we learn about Marie from Paragraph 4? A. She spent all her money on science books. B. She complained about her life as a governess. C. She kept studying even when life was difficult. D. She didn't have time to study because of the hard work. 3. What's the correct order of the following events? ① Marie Curie worked as a governess. ② Marie Curie's mother died of illness. ③ Marie Curie left for Paris to study at the Sorbonne. ④ Marie Curie's older sister, Bronisława, became a doctor. A. ①②③④ B. ②①④③ C. ③②①④ D. ②①③④ 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Marie Curie's early life and road to success. B. Why Marie Curie moved from Poland to Paris to study. C. The difficult life of women scientists in the 19th century. D. How Marie Curie discovered radium and won Nobel Prizes. IX.完形填空 阅读短文，理解其大意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Hua Luogeng, a great Chinese mathematician born in 1910, grew up in a poor village. He loved maths deeply but had to 1 school at 15 as his family couldn't afford the fees. A serious illness soon left his leg disabled, and life seemed full of darkness. Yet Hua never 2 his dream of exploring maths. He taught himself at home, borrowing books and studying day and night. When confused by a hard problem, he’ d think for days to find 3 without sleeping. His family was 4 , but Hua said,“Maths is my light——I can't let it go.” One afternoon, Hua read a famous maths paper and found a mistake. He wrote to the 5 , who was shocked and invited him to the university. Though it was hard for him to 6 , Hua went there. He sat in the front row, taking notes and asking questions after class. Catching up with classmates was 7 . He spent twice as much time studying as others, often staying late in the library, and he soon published his first maths paper. After years of effort, he became a professor, teaching and researching 8 . He travelled to give lectures, encouraging young people to love maths. He said, “Genius lies not in 9 , but in hard work—— keep trying, and you' ll succeed.” He showed the world that if you have a strong will and never give up, nothing will stop you. Never lose heart when facing difficulties. Every small step brings you closer to your 10 . Keep going, and you will achieve your dreams. This is how we turn “impossible” into “possible”. 1. A. start B. leave C. change D. visit 2. A. gave up B. turned down C. put off D. depended on 3. A. chances B. friends C. answers D. reasons 4. A. proud B. traditional C. positive D. worried 5. A. author B. teacher C. lawyer D. seller 6. A. walk B. decide C. study D. forget 7. A. hopeless B. unnecessary C. tough D. exciting 8. A. curiously B. helplessly C. independently D. tirelessly 9. A. background B. talent C. thought D. failure 10. A. ideas B. goals C. promises D. mistakes X.阅读与表达 阅读下面的材料，根据内容回答问题。 Have you ever stopped to think how much the world has changed because of a simple question? Every step forward in human history starts with someone asking “how”, “what” or “why”—— and being curious is the driving force behind all progress. In the 18th century, smallpox(天花) was a deadly disease that killed millions. Dr Edward Jenner heard a local story: milkmaids who caught cowpox, an illness from cows, never got smallpox. Instead of taking it for granted (理所当然), he asked, “Why is this true?” and ran careful experiments for a deeper understanding to test the idea. His curiosity led to the world's first vaccine(疫苗), which trains our body to fight diseases and has saved lots of lives ever since. Another example is penicillin. In 1928, scientist Alexander Fleming returned from holiday and noticed something strange in his lab: mould in a dish had stopped bacteria from growing. Most people would have thrown the dish away, but Fleming asked, “What's happening here?” He dug deeper into this unexpected observation and discovered penicillin, the world's first antibiotic that still cures(治愈) life-threatening illnesses today. Many students worry that asking questions makes them look silly. But the truth is, there are no silly questions. From childhood experiments to life-changing scientific discoveries, every step forward starts with curiosity. Never be afraid to ask “why”—— it's the first step to changing the world. 1. What's the key role of curiosity according to this text? 2. What did Dr Jenner's curiosity finally lead to? 3. Why do many students avoid asking questions? 4. What should we do when facing unknown things? Write 30 words or more. Section 1 Part I I. A 1. poet 2. dramatists 3. lamp B 1. ordinary 2. outstanding 3. classical 4. convinced 5. old-fashioned 6. philosophers II.A 1. effective 2. called 3. people's 4. education5. be completed 6. to see 7. scientific 8. doing 9. chemical 10. achievement 11. poet 12. traditional 13. discovery 14. natural 15. to stay 16. youngest 17. times B 1. of 2. for 3. at 4. who/ that5. for 6. from 7. about 8. in 9. with 10. about 11. on 12. in 13. the 14. with 15. of 16. to 17. as 18. at 19. for III. 1. Even though he is very busy, he never gives up reading. 2. This book is no less interesting than the one I read last week. 3. Since it is raining outside, we will have our PE class indoors today. 4. It is fitting that we show our thanks to our teachers on Teachers' Day. 5. My sister and I set up a wooden model of a bridge together. 6. I always arrive at school early so that I can have more time to read books. IV. 1. an 2. in 3. for 4. grew5. teenager 6. studying 7. building 8. grandfather's 9. about 10. though 11. and 12. to understand13. be written 14. them 15. With 16. simpler 17. on 18. works 19. thought 20. with 21.completely 22. in 23. so 24. up 25. was made 26. to show 27. passes 28. youngest 29. addition 30. an 31. unusually 32. women 33. as 34. after 35. died 36. fitting 37. is remembered Part II V. 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B VI. 1. C 2. B 3. E 4. D VII. 1. He went to America for further study. 2. In 1964. 3. His deep love for the motherland. 4. One possible version: I can learn the spirit of loving our country from Qian Xuesen. He gave up a comfortable life in America and returned to help China. Also, he was open-minded and listened to others, which teaches me to be humble and face my mistakes bravely. Section 2 形容词后的宾语从句 I. 1. I'm certain that you will make greater progress in English through hard work. 2. I'm sad that I have to leave my friends and move to another city. 3. I'm glad that our football team has won the match. 4. I'm happy that you feel much better today. 5. I'm afraid that I can't accept your invitation. 6. I'm sorry that I was late for school this morning. 7. I'm surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us. 8. I'm worried that John will not be able to pass the exam. 9. I'm disappointed that our team lost the basketball match by only one point. 10. I'm pleased that you have finally found a new job. II. 1. I am afraid (that)I won't be able to attend the meeting tomorrow. 2. She is certain/ sure (that) her best friend will support her decision. 3. I am not certain/ sure what my mother will buy for my birthday this year. 4. They are confident(that) their team will win the game. 5. He is glad(that) he made new friends in his new school. 6. My father is not certain/ sure whether/ if he can take us to the beach this summer holiday. Section 3 Part I I. A 1. consider 2. managed 3. judgement4. background B 1. evaluation 2. significant 3. milestone 4. impact II. A 1. Hundreds 2. to be 3. to be4. qualities B 1. to 2. of 3. for 4. to III. 1. The children showed a strong interest in astronomy after watching the science video. 2. We managed to clean the living room before the guests arrived. 3. Inspired by his father's stories, he decided to become a great physicist. 4. The impact of positive thinking can make us more confident in life. 5. My cousin is fond of taking photos of beautiful natural scenery. Part Ⅱ IV. 1. D 2. B 3. E 4. A V. 1. But 2. to use 3. graduating 4. began 5. in 6. the 7. greatest 8. was built 9. countries 10. us 单元写作指导 Ⅱ.单词 1. devote 3. prize 5. admire 7. encourage 2. achievement 4. simple 6. spirit 8. contribution 短语 1. be known as … 3. devote one’ s whole life to … 5. stick to one's dream(s) 2. spend time (in) doing sth 4. suffer from... 6. make contributions to … Ⅲ. 1. He is one of the greatest scientists in the world. 2. His great achievements saved millions of people who suffered from hunger. 3. He lived a simple life and kept working hard all the time. 4. His spirit encourages me to stick to my dreams. IV. One possible version: A Great Person in Our Country Yuan Longping, an agricultural scientist, is one of the greatest scientists in the world. He is known as “the Father of Hybrid Rice”. He spent most of his time doing fieldwork to study rice. He devoted his whole life to rice research. His great achievements greatly helped solve the food shortage in the world and saved millions of people who suffered from hunger. Though he won lots of prizes and was successful, he lived a simple life and kept working hard all the time. I really admire him. His spirit encourages me to stick to my dreams and never give up. I will study harder and try my best to make contributions to our country in the future. Section 4 Part I Focusing on culture I. 1. concentrated 2. belief 3. truth II. A 1. truth 2. reviewing 3. talking 4. to read5. months 6. to discover 7. educator 8. belief B 1. on 2. in 3. into 4. about 5. for 6. for 7. with 8. for Ⅲ. 1. My sister must have forgotten to bring her umbrella because it's still at home. 2. She chose the blue dress instead of the white one for the party. 3. It is said that the new science museum will open to the public next month. 4. The restaurant was so noisy that we had to speak loudly to each other. IV. 1. an 2. sat 3. With 4. writing 5. but 6. so 7. working 8. to take 9. himself 10. days 11. into 12. about 13. brought 14. came 15. dipped 16. them 17. for 18. ate 19. for 20. to see 21. replied 22. have dipped 23. of 24. with 25. But 26. educator 27. concentrated28. in 29. to fight 30. for Cross-curricular connection V. A 1. accidental 2. to be 3. death 4. similarly 5. caused 6. their 7. further 8. to work 9. to finish 10. to find 11. Sadly 12. has taken 13. widely 14. has changed B 1. in 2. to 3. by 4. in 5. about6. on Ⅵ. 1. It is only when we face challenges that we can grow and become stronger. 2. We all work very hard to make our city more beautiful for everyone. 3. It's hard to believe that the building was built more than five hundred years ago. 4. They have enough money to pay for their children's education. 5. We are likely to go on a trip to the mountains this autumn. Ⅶ. 1. to be 2. turning 3. a 4. to 5. death 6. Similarly 7. caused 8. to kill 9. but 10. died 11. to believe 12. by 13. called 14. to find 15. a 16. growing 17. dishes 18. lying 19. them 20. areas 21. excited 22. to fight 23. humans 24. Sadly 25. to develop 26. further 27. the 28. to produce 29. quantities 30. widely 31. in 32. of 33.completely 34. on 35. to fight Part Ⅱ VIII. 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A IX. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B10. B X. 1. It is the driving force behind all progress. 2. It led to the world's first vaccine. 3. Because they worry that asking questions makes them look silly. 4. One possible version: When facing unknown things, we should stay curious, ask questions like “why” or “how”, and try to find out the answers instead of ignoring them. Maybe these questions are the key to success. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $