内容正文:
65. 骄傲、自豪
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
proud
双面词:be proud of=自豪(褒);proud=傲慢(贬,见下)
take pride in
She took pride in her students’ progress. 她为学生的进步感到自豪。
arrogant
贬义,“傲慢的(目中无人)”,arrogance
an arrogant tone
His arrogant tone annoyed everyone. 他傲慢的语气惹恼了所有人。
haughty
文学,“倨傲的(居高临下)”,haughtiness
a haughty glance
He gave us a haughty glance and walked on. 他倨傲地瞥了我们一眼继续走。
conceited
“自负、自恋”
a conceited smile
Success made the boy conceited. 成功让男孩变得自负起来。
smug
“(自鸣得意的)得意洋洋”,书面高频
Wearing a smug look, he handed in the test first. 他一脸得意,第一个交了卷。
complacent
“(松懈的)自满”,complacency(自满,n.),阅读高频“危险信号词”
grow complacent
Success made the team complacent, and they lost the next game. 自满让球队松懈,下一场就输了。
boastful
“爱吹嘘的”,boast about/of“吹嘘”
boast of one’s success
He loves boasting of his connections. 他爱吹嘘自己的人脉。
vain
“虚荣、自恋(外貌)”,in vain=徒劳
vain about her looks
She’s vain about her appearance. 她对自己的外貌颇为自负。
self-important
“自视甚高”
a self-important official
A self-important official waved us away. 一位自大的官员挥手让我们走开。
condescending
“(带优越感地)屈尊俯就的”,书面高频
a condescending tone
His condescending tone offended the interns. 他居高临下的语气冒犯了实习生。
态度题考点:proud(自豪)与 proud/arrogant(傲慢)一褒一贬,看介词和语境定褒贬;complacent(自满松懈)在科普/商业阅读里几乎是“失败前奏”的信号词,读到它要预感转折。
66. 谦虚、谦逊
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
modest
“谦虚的”;另有“(数量)适度的”义
a modest income
Despite his fame, the scientist remains modest. 尽管大名鼎鼎,这位科学家依然谦逊。
humble
“谦卑的(出身、态度)”;in my humble opinion=恕我直言
in my humble opinion
Though a champion, she stays humble. 虽是冠军,她依然谦卑。
unassuming
书面,“不事张扬的、低调的”
an unassuming hero
The unassuming cleaner turned out to be the anonymous donor. 那位低调的清洁工竟是无名捐赠者。
meek
“温顺、逆来顺受”,含软弱色彩
as meek as a lamb
He’s as meek as a lamb at home. 他在家温顺得像只小绵羊。
reserved
“(性格)内敛矜持的”
a reserved person
The British are often seen as reserved. 英国人常被认为内敛矜持。
self-effacing
书面,“自我贬抑、不抢风头”
a self-effacing manner
She deflected praise with self-effacing humor. 她用自嘲的幽默化解夸奖。
down-to-earth
习语,“接地气、朴实”
a down-to-earth star
The famous actor is surprisingly down-to-earth. 这位大明星出人意料地朴实接地气。
unpretentious
书面,“不装、不炫耀的”
an unpretentious restaurant
It’s an unpretentious little restaurant with amazing food. 这家小馆不事张扬,菜却惊艳。
low-key
口语,“低调的”
a low-key wedding
They held a low-key wedding in the countryside. 他们在乡下办了一场低调的婚礼。
reticent
正式,“(有话)不轻易说出口的”,reticence
be reticent about
He was reticent about his past. 他对过去讳莫如深。
续写人物塑造:modest/humble(褒义谦虚)写正面人物;smug/boastful(贬义炫耀)写反面衬托——一对反义词组把人物立起来。
67. 勇敢、无畏
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
brave
最通用,“勇敢的”,bravery(n.)
be brave enough to do
It was brave of him to speak up. 他能站出来说话很勇敢。It was brave of him to speak up. 他能站出来说话,真是勇敢。
courageous
正式,“有勇气的(道德勇尤其)”,courage
a courageous decision
It was courageous of her to report the scandal. 她能举报丑闻,是很有勇气的决定。
bold
“大胆的(敢想敢干)”;bold idea“大胆的想法”
a bold move
Launching the startup was a bold move. 创办这家公司是一步大胆的棋。
daring
“大胆冒险的(惊险动作)”
a daring rescue
The firefighters made a daring rescue. 消防员进行了一次惊险的营救。
fearless
“无所畏惧的”,fearlessness
fearless of danger
The fearless climber laughed at the storm. 无畏的登山者在风暴中放声大笑。
intrepid
文学/新闻,“英勇无畏的(探险)”,了解即可
an intrepid explorer
The intrepid explorers crossed the desert. 无畏的探险者们穿越了沙漠。
valiant
书面,“英勇的(战斗)”,valor(英勇,n.)
valiant efforts
Their valiant efforts saved the village. 他们英勇的努力拯救了村庄。
heroic
“英雄般的壮举”,hero(英雄)
a heroic act
His heroic act saved two children. 他的英雄壮举救了两名儿童。
gutsy / plucky
口语,“有胆量的、有股狠劲的”,guts=胆量
a gutsy decision
It was a gutsy call to quit and start over. 辞职重来是个有胆量的决定。
stout-hearted
文学,“刚勇的”,了解即可
stout-hearted soldiers
Stout-hearted soldiers held the line. 刚勇的士兵们守住了防线。
续写加分链:brave → bold → daring → fearless → heroic。
黄金句式:“Taking a deep breath, she stepped forward.”(她深吸一口气,向前迈出一步)——“深呼吸+迈步”是勇敢行动的万能开场。
68. 害怕、胆怯
微妙区别
常见 phrases
例句与翻译
cowardly
贬义,“懦弱的”,coward(懦夫)
a cowardly act
Running away was a cowardly act. 逃跑是懦夫的行为。
timid
“胆小的(天性羞怯)”
a timid smile
The timid boy hid behind his mother. 胆小的男孩躲在妈妈身后。
fearful
“害怕的、担心的”
be fearful of
She was fearful of making mistakes. 她害怕出错。
shy
“害羞的(社交场合)”;shy away from“退缩躲避”
shy away from
Don’t shy away from challenges. 不要遇到挑战就退缩。
bashful
“(孩子式)腼腆、扭捏”
a bashful grin
The little girl gave a bashful grin. 小女孩腼腆地咧嘴一笑。
diffident
正式,“不自信、怯生生的”,diffidence
be diffident about
He was diffident about speaking English. 他对说英语缺乏自信。
apprehensive
“忧惧不安”(呼应第56、65组)
apprehensive about
She felt apprehensive on her first day. 第一天上班她心里发怵。
gutless / spineless
口语贬义,“没胆、没脊梁”,了解即可
a spineless leader
A spineless leader never makes decisions. 没担当的领导从不敢拍板。
yellow
美俚,“胆小如鼠”,了解即可
turn yellow
Don’t be yellow! 别当胆小鬼!
辨析:timid(天性胆小)、shy(害羞)、cowardly(品行懦弱,贬义最重)——阅读推断题里 cowardly 一出现,作者态度必是否定的。
69. 聪明、智慧
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
clever
通用,“机灵、脑子快”;另有“(手)巧”义
be clever at
She’s clever at solving puzzles. 她解题很机灵。
smart
美式,“聪明+精明”;smart device 智能设备
a smart kid
It was smart of you to bring an umbrella. 你带伞真是明智。
intelligent
正式/学术,“智力高的”,intelligence(智力、情报双义!)
artificial intelligence 人工智能
Dolphins are highly intelligent animals. 海豚是智力很高的动物。
wise
“睿智的(经验+判断力)”,wisdom(智慧)
a wise decision
Turning down the offer was a wise decision. 拒绝那个提议是明智的决定。
brilliant
“才华横溢的;绝妙的(主意)”,英国口语“太棒了”
a brilliant idea
What a brilliant idea! 真是个绝妙的主意!
bright
“(孩子)聪颖的”;另有“明亮的、有前途的(a bright future)”
a bright student
She’s the brightest student in the class. 她是班里最聪明的学生。
sharp
“(思维)敏捷、犀利”
a sharp mind
Despite his age, he has a sharp mind. 虽已高龄,他思维依然敏捷。
astute
正式,“精明的(洞察利害)”
an astute businessman
The astute investor sold before the crash. 精明的投资者在崩盘前抛售了。
shrewd
“精明老练(精于算计,中性偏褒)”
a shrewd move
It was a shrewd move to buy the house early. 早买下那房子是精明之举。
ingenious
“(设计、办法)巧妙的”,ingenuity(巧思)
an ingenious solution
They found an ingenious way to store rainwater. 他们找到了储雨水的绝妙办法。
perceptive
“观察敏锐的(一眼看透)”
perceptive comments
Her perceptive comments impressed the panel. 她敏锐的点评让评委印象深刻。
sage
古雅书面,“贤明的”,了解即可
sage advice
The old man gave sage advice. 老人给出了贤明的忠告。
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