阅读同义替换第十弹 清单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项
2026-09-15
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摘要:
该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统整理了情绪类核心词汇,涵盖悲伤、生气、疲惫、兴奋、紧张五大主题,包含近义词辨析、常见短语、例句翻译等关键内容,构建了从基础词义到语境应用的完整知识体系。
清单采用“词义辨析+程度分级+语境应用”三维设计,如生气类词汇设“annoyed→angry→furious→outraged”续写加分链,标注情绪程度由轻到重,培养学生的思维品质。黄金句式提供“Her face turned red.../His fists clenched”等外显动作模板,提升语言表达能力。特设高频短语和易错提示,如“be tired of/from”用法对比,帮助学生高效记忆,教师可据此开展针对性训练,提升备考效率。
内容正文:
60. 悲伤、难过
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
sad
最通用,“悲伤的”
feel sad about
She felt sad when her best friend moved away. 好朋友搬走时她很难过。
unhappy
“不高兴、不开心”,程度较轻,也可指“不幸福”
be unhappy about/with
He was unhappy with his exam results. 他对自己的考试成绩不满意。
sorrowful
正式/文学,“悲恸的”,sorrow(悲痛,n.)
sorrowful eyes
She cast a sorrowful glance at the empty chair. 她哀伤地望了一眼那把空椅子。
depressed
“沮丧、抑郁(持续低落)”,depression
feel depressed
After losing his job, he felt depressed for months. 失业后他消沉了好几个月。
gloomy
“阴郁的(人、天气、前景)”
a gloomy sky/ mood
Losing the match cast a gloomy mood over the team. 输掉比赛让全队情绪低沉。
down / blue
口语,“情绪低落”,feel down/blue
be down in the dumps
She’s been feeling down since the quarrel. 吵架后她一直闷闷不乐。
heartbroken
“心碎的(失去所爱)”,续写高光词
be heartbroken over
He was heartbroken over the loss of his dog. 爱犬之死让他心碎不已。
miserable
“痛苦的、可怜的”,misery(n.)
lead a miserable life
The refugees led a miserable life in the camp. 难民们在营地里过着悲惨的生活。
dejected
书面,“垂头丧气的(受挫后)”
a dejected look
The boy walked off with a dejected look after losing. 男孩输了比赛后垂头丧气地走开了。
upset
“心烦意乱(被打乱、受委屈)”,口语高频
be upset about
She was upset about forgetting her mother’s birthday. 她忘了妈妈的生日,心里很懊恼。
melancholy
文学,“忧郁、惆怅(淡淡的)”
a melancholy autumn evening
A melancholy mood hung over the old house. 老屋笼罩着一种淡淡的惆怅。
续写加分链(由轻到重):unhappy → down/upset → sad → gloomy → depressed → miserable → heartbroken → sorrowful。
黄金句式:“Tears welled up in her eyes as she read the letter.”(读信时泪水涌上她的眼眶)+ “His heart sank.”(他的心一沉)——悲伤的双模板:外显(泪)+内感(心沉)。
61. 生气、愤怒
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
angry
最通用;be angry with sb.(人)/ at sth.(事)
be angry with/at
Dad was angry with me for breaking the vase. 爸爸因我打碎花瓶而生气。
mad
美式口语,“气疯了”;be mad at
drive sb. mad
The noise drove him mad. 噪音快把他逼疯了。
furious
“狂怒”,程度重,fury(暴怒,n.)
be furious with/at
Mom was furious when she saw the broken window. 看到打碎的窗户,妈妈勃然大怒。
enraged
书面,“被激怒的”
be enraged by
The unfair decision enraged the players. 不公正的判罚激怒了球员们。
outraged
“义愤填膺(对不公)”,outrage(n.愤慨)
public outrage
The scandal sparked public outrage. 丑闻引发了公众的强烈愤慨。
indignant
正式,“(对不义之事)义愤的”,indignation
be indignant at
We were indignant at the unjust treatment. 我们对不公的对待感到义愤。
irritated / annoyed
轻度“恼火、烦躁”(被反复打扰)
be annoyed with sb. at sth.
I was annoyed with my brother for borrowing my bike without asking. 弟弟不打招呼就借走我的自行车,我很恼火。
cross
英式口语,“(短暂)生闷气”,多用于孩子
get cross with
Mum got cross with the noisy kids. 妈妈被吵闹的孩子们惹得生气了。
bitter
“愤愤不平、积怨已久的”,a bitter quarrel
feel bitter about
Years later, he still felt bitter about the unfair verdict. 多年后他仍对不公的判决耿耿于怀。
resentful
“怨恨、不满(压抑在心)”,resentment(怨恨,n.)
be resentful of
She felt resentful of her brother’s special treatment. 她对弟弟受到的特殊照顾心怀不满。
livid
口语夸张,“气得脸色铁青”,了解即可
be livid with rage
He was livid when he saw the dent in his car. 看到车上的凹痕,他气得脸色铁青。
续写加分链(由轻到重):annoyed → irritated → cross → angry → mad → resentful → furious → outraged → livid。
黄金句式:“Her face turned red with anger / Her fists clenched.”(她气得脸涨红/拳头攥紧)——愤怒外显动作:攥拳、涨红脸、咬牙、摔门,写一个动作胜过十个 angry。
62. 疲惫、疲倦
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
tired
最通用;tired of“厌倦”(心理)vs tired from“累”(生理)
be tired of/from
I’m tired of listening to the same complaints. 老套的抱怨我听腻了。
exhausted
“精疲力竭(体力榨干)”,续写高频
be exhausted from
After the marathon, I was exhausted. 马拉松结束后我累瘫了。
worn out
“(物)用旧;(人)累垮”双义
worn-out shoes
The long hike left us all worn out. 长途跋涉让我们全都累垮了。
fatigued
正式/医学,“疲劳的”,fatigue(n.疲劳)
driver fatigue
Doctors warn against driving while fatigued. 医生提醒切勿疲劳驾驶。
weary
文学,“身心俱疲的(含厌倦)”,weary of
weary of waiting
He grew weary of endless waiting. 无休止的等待让他身心俱疲。
drained
“被抽干般的(心力耗尽)”,draining(令人耗竭的)
feel emotionally drained
Caring for the sick all day left her emotionally drained. 一整天照护病人让她心力交瘁。
run-down
“(长期劳累)垮身子、状态差”
feel run-down
She’s been feeling run-down lately. 她最近一直觉得身体被掏空。
burnt out
“(职业性)燃尽、倦怠”,burnout(n.)
suffer burnout
Many teachers suffer burnout from overwork. 许多教师因过度工作而职业倦怠。
beat / bushed
美式口语,“累趴了”,了解即可
I’m beat!
What a day! I’m beat. 累死我了!
续写加分链:tired → worn out → drained → exhausted → weary → burnt out。
黄金句式:“He dragged his weary body home.”(他拖着疲惫的身躯回到家)——“疲惫+拖/瘫/倒”的动作组合是续写体力消耗情节的标配。
63. 兴奋、激动
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
thrilled
“激动不已(超期待)”,thrilled to bits“激动坏了”
be thrilled to do
She was thrilled to receive the admission letter. 收到录取通知书她激动坏了。
elated
“(成功后)欢欣鼓舞”
/ɪˈleɪtɪd/
Winning the prize left him elated for days. 获奖让他一连几天都喜滋滋的。
exhilarated
书面,“(冲刺后)畅快、振奋”,exhilarating(令人畅快的)
/ɪg'zɪləreɪtɪd/
Skiing down the slope left us exhilarated. 从山坡滑下让我们畅快淋漓。
overjoyed
“喜出望外”
be overjoyed at
They were overjoyed at the reunion. 团聚让他们喜出望外。
pumped / hyped
美式口语,“(赛前)亢奋、打鸡血”
be pumped up for
The team was pumped up for the final. 全队为决赛热血沸腾。
fired up
斗志被点燃
get fired up
The coach’s speech got the players fired up. 教练的讲话点燃了队员们的斗志。
keyed up
(赛前/结果前)紧张亢奋
be keyed up about
He was keyed up about the results. 他对结果既紧张又兴奋。
electrified
“(人群)被点燃、沸腾”,书面
an electrified crowd
The goals electrified the stadium. 进球让全场沸腾。
续写提示:兴奋情绪的外显动作——心跳加速(her heart raced)、手舞足蹈(jumped with joy)、眼中放光(his eyes lit up)、迫不及待(couldn’t wait to)。情绪词+动作,两句一组,续写立刻生动。
64. 紧张、焦虑
微妙区别
常见短语
例句与翻译
nervous
最通用,“紧张的”;be nervous about
be nervous about
I was nervous about the interview. 我对面试很紧张。
anxious
“焦虑+急切”双义(呼应第56组)
be anxious about
She felt anxious waiting for the results. 等待结果时她心急如焚。
tense
“紧绷的(气氛、肌肉、表情)”
a tense atmosphere
The room went tense when the judge stood up. 评委一起身,全场气氛骤然紧张。
uneasy
“不安、不自在(隐约不对劲)”
feel uneasy about
He felt uneasy about the stranger’s smile. 那位陌生人的微笑让他隐隐不安。
restless
“坐立不安、辗转反侧”
a restless night
She spent a restless night before the exam. 考前她一夜辗转难眠。
apprehensive
书面,“忧惧(大限将至感)”(呼应第56组)
apprehensive about
He felt apprehensive about the surgery. 他对手术忧心忡忡。
jittery
口语,“心里发慌、手抖”式紧张
feel jittery
His hands grew jittery before going on stage. 上台前他的手都慌得发抖了。
on edge
习语,“紧张得像在刀尖上”
be on edge
The strange noise put everyone on edge. 怪声让所有人都紧张兮兮。
stressed
“压力山大(外界施压)”,stress(n.)
be stressed out
Students are stressed out before finals. 期末考前学生们压力山大。
续写加分链:uneasy → nervous → tense → restless → on edge → jittery → anxious → stressed out。
黄金句式:“Her palms were sweating and her heart pounded.”(她手心冒汗、心跳如鼓)——紧张外显三件套:手心出汗、心跳如鼓、喉咙发紧,比一百个 nervous 都管用。
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