内容正文:
必修第一册 Unit 2 Exploring English · Period 1 · Starting out & Understanding ideas(单元育人·一体化课时教学设计)
教学基本信息
单元名称
必修第一册 Unit 2 Exploring English
学科
英语
学段
高中
年级
高一第一学期
主要教材
书名:普通高中教科书·英语必修第一册;出版社:外语教学与研究出版社;出版日期:2019年7月
课时安排
1课时(40min)
课型
阅读理解课(主题导入 + 初读)
设计理念
本课严格依据《普通高中英语课程标准(2017版2025年修订)》倡导的"英语学习活动观",将语言学习的过程从"机械识记"提升到"深度探究"。课堂活动以"探究英语语言的本质特征"为主线,引导学生在真实情境中运用语言,由表及里,最终达成对语言规律的深度理解与批判性思考。
本课时作为 Unit 2 "Exploring English"的开篇课,起着定基调、建框架、激兴趣的关键作用。它不仅是为后续的词汇语法学习打基础,更是为了建立"英语是充满活力、富有创造力的人类语言"这一单元大观念,为单元后续的写作、文化探究提供核心的认知起点。课堂设计遵循布鲁姆认知目标分类学,学习路径从记忆、理解到应用、分析,再到评价与创造,通过这一完整链条实现从浅层认知向深层思辨的跨越。
单元育人蓝图
与课时定位
【单元育人蓝图】
本单元五条育人目标:
1. 举例说明英语语言中至少3组"名实不符"的有趣现象(如eggplant无egg),并分析其构词来源
2. 识别并运用4种构词法(复合、派生、转化、缩写)推测生词意义
3. 对比至少5组英美英语差异(拼写/词汇),并在听力中根据语境判断英式还是美式英语
4. 讲述一个因英语表达歧义导致的误解经历,包含人物、场景、误解原因和化解方式
5. 用得体的英语向他人询问不熟悉表达的含义,并用举例或释义方式解释中文特色词汇
【单元意义链】
从"发现英语的有趣与创造"(Understanding ideas)→"理解构词规律与英美差异"(Using language)→"体验跨文化误解与化解"(Developing ideas / Listening & Speaking)→"讲述自己的英语误解故事"(Presenting ideas)——学生完成从感知语言现象到理解语言规律到反思跨文化交际到创造性表达的意义建构闭环。
【课时定位与关系】
本课时是单元意义链的起点站——从"发现英语的有趣与创造"出发,为后续所有课时搭建认知地基。
↑ 无前置课时 → 后续:课时2将把本课发现的"名实不符"现象系统归纳为构词法规律
【主题语境】
"人与自我——语言学习的规律、方法" + "人与社会——跨文化沟通、包容"
【本课时聚焦的育人目标】
• 目标1:举例说明"名实不符"现象并分析构词来源(本课时核心产出)
• 目标3:对比英美英语差异(本课时渗透,为课时3铺垫)
【课时育人价值】
通过探究英语拼读不一致的荒诞现象,让学生体会语言不是死规则而是活文化——"名实不符"恰恰是人类创造力的证据,不是英语的缺陷。引导高一新生从"恐惧英语的混乱"转向"欣赏英语的生命力",建立开放包容的语言观。
教材分析
【What · 主题语境与内容信息】
① 主题语境(thematic context):本课语篇属于"人与自我——语言学习的规律、方法"(课标表 2 子主题 5)下的核心文本,同时渗透"人与社会——不同民族的文化习俗与传统节日"的跨文化视角。编者将英语作为人类共同语来定位,引导学生跳出"学英语=学规则"的刻板认知,转向"英语=人类创造力结晶"的开放理解。
② 语篇内容信息(content information):导入部分(Starting out)由三张图表构成——图 1 比较中、英、印、阿、西五种语言的母语使用人数;图 2 展示全球英语学习者高达 15 亿的体量;图 3 呈现中国英语学习者从 2000 年的 3000 万激增至 2016 年的 2 亿。阅读篇(Understanding ideas)语篇名为 *Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple*,主体结构分三部分:
- 总起段(Para 1):以作者给儿子买汉堡发现"没有火腿"的生活小事抛出话题;
- 并列展开段(Para 2-6):分别从"食品名不符实""动词搭配逻辑""合成词诡辩""反义派生词混乱""动名词宾语差异""介词短语反转""大小写特指"七大维度列举英语"名不副实"现象;
- 总结升华段(Para 7):以"wind up"双关收束,揭示"语言是人类创造力的体现"这一核心命题。
衔接板块(Using language)拓展构词法与英美英语差异,是本课内容的延伸与活化。
【Why · 主题意义(传递意图与价值取向)】
① 写作意图(writer's intention):作者并非"控诉英语的混乱",而是借助幽默反讽的笔法打破学生"英语语法必须逻辑严密"的刻板印象。通过列举"自相矛盾"的现象,让读者在发笑之余顿悟——这些"疯狂"恰是英语生命力的来源。编者意图借此完成一次认知重构:从"学语言=背规则"转向"学语言=理解规则背后的人"。
② 价值取向与立德树人(values & education):
- 文化意识:通过对比英美英语差异,引导学生认识到"语言差异≠语言错误",培养跨文化理解力与包容心;
- 思维品质:通过"看似荒诞→实有规律"的辨析,训练学生的批判性思维——不轻信表象、不盲从权威、敢于追问"为什么";
- 学习能力:通过构词法拓展,赋予学生一把拆解词汇的钥匙,让他们从"被动查字典"转向"主动推测",培育终身学习的底层能力;
- 情感态度:通过"英语是人类创造的"这一结论,重建学生的语言自信,引导其从"恐惧英语的混乱"转向"欣赏英语的生命力"。
【How · 语篇组织特征(体裁、篇章结构、语言特征)】
① 体裁(text type):本语篇为说明性论说文(expository-argumentative),夹叙夹议——以生活叙事引入,以现象列举展开,以议论升华收束。
② 篇章结构(organization):采用"总起—并列分述—总结升华"的经典三段式。第一段用故事抛谜;中间段(Para 2-6)采用类比并列结构(analogous parallel),用"For example""And speaking of"等过渡词将不同维度的"矛盾"逐一展开;末段(Para 7)以"wind up"一词双关完成哲学升华。
③ 语言特征(language features):
- 时态运用:以一般现在时为主线(陈述客观现象、揭示语言规律),穿插一般过去时(讲述作者与儿子的生活故事)和现在完成时(如 has eaten),形成"客观规律 + 个人体验"的双线并行;
- 衔接手段:大量使用"For example""And speaking of""If...""That is why..."等逻辑连接词,逻辑严密但表达口语化;
- 词汇特征:高频使用词根词缀派生词(sunshining, creativity, invisible)与合成词(hamburger, pineapple, homework, housework),是"构词法"学习的真实语料;
- 修辞策略:以对照与反讽为主("sculpt a sculpture"vs."take a photo"、"hard"vs."hardly"),以幽默化解抽象。
学情分析
What I know
知识储备:学生经过初中三年英语学习,已掌握约1500-1700基础词汇,能读懂简单的记叙文;对英语的时态(一般现在、过去、将来)有基本概念;接触过简单的词缀,如careful, helpful, unhappy, disagree等,但尚未系统归纳。
生活经验:高一学生思维活跃,对短视频、网络梗、流行文化敏感。他们平时在学习中肯定遇到过"英国人和美国人对电梯的叫法不同"、"中式英语(Chinglish)引发笑话"等场景,有直观的感性经验。
What I want to know
疑惑点:"老师,为什么英语单词这么难记?这个词为什么不能按字面意思翻译?"
兴趣点:学生渴望知道如何通过拆解词根、了解历史典故来背单词,而不是死记硬背。他们还渴望了解英美文化的实际差异(比如美式英语和英式英语到底在哪些方面最不同)。
What I learned
学生能够清晰地梳理出文章列举的7个(或以上)语言矛盾实例,并能用自己的话向同学解释这些例子。
学生能够深度理解作者的写作意图,认识到语言并非冰冷的数据,而是鲜活的人类创造力的体现。
学生能够初步建立起"利用构词法高效记忆词汇"的意识,并能尝试运用该策略去猜测陌生单词的含义。
【预判困难与应对策略】
预判困难
应对策略
"Not bad"在英式英语中=非常好,学生受中文负迁移
引入文化背景:英国人含蓄(understatement),举例"It's not bad"="It's actually quite good"
论坛帖子格式(forum post)学生不熟悉
快速展示中文论坛帖类比:标题+昵称+内容,降低文体陌生感
5W框架提取信息时可能遗漏When/Where
提供5W模板表,每个帖子填一行,缺失的标"?"
教学目标
1. 语言能力
能够正确认读并拼写本课核心词汇,如 confusing, creativity, reflect, inventor, visible, invisible等。
能够准确识别并仿写文中出现的重点句型,如"Neither...nor...""That is why..."以及构词法派生句。
能够听懂并运用 I agree/disagree with... / I find... is the most... 等句式进行观点交流。
2. 学习能力
能够掌握"预测—略读—寻读—精读—联系实际"的阅读方法。
能够运用本课所学的构词法知识(前缀、后缀、复合词、缩略词),推测并记忆课外生词,提升自主探究的语言学习能力。
3. 文化意识
能够辨别英美英语在日常生活词汇上的6组以上差异(如:subway/underground, gas/petrol, apartment/flat等)。
能够理解英语词汇源流与历史文化的关系,形成包容、开放的语言学习态度。
4. 思维品质
能够运用略读(Skimming)策略概括文章主旨;运用寻读(Scanning)策略从文本中准确提取支撑论点的特定细节。
能够剖析"语言矛盾"背后的规律,并运用批判性思维探讨"语言是人类创造的"这一命题的深层意义。
【可观测评价标准】
→ 学生能够匹配4个论坛帖子与其误解原因(Activity 2正确率≥3/4)
→ 学生能够用5W框架复述至少2个误解故事(口头汇报)
→ 学生能够区分"Not bad"在英美语境中的含义差异(课堂判断题正确率≥80%)
教学重难点
教学重点
语篇内容理解:能准确找出作者为了证明"英语是疯狂的"而提出的7-8个具体论据,并理解这些论据是如何支撑主题的。
核心语言知识:掌握构词法的几大规律(尤其是 un-, -ness, 合成法, 缩略法),并将其运用到 Activity 2 的段落填空以及课文句型的仿写中。
教学难点
语篇深层理解:从"矛盾列举"到"创造力赞美"的立场翻转——学生容易停留在"英语确实很混乱"的表层认知,难以自主推断出作者的真实态度是"欣赏而非抱怨"。
末段双关理解:"when I wind up my watch, it starts; but when I wind up this passage, it ends"——"wind up"一词多义的理解需要教师搭建支架。
教学资源
课件PPT,黑板、白板。
教学活动设计
教学过程
活动形式及步骤
活动意图
时间
学习理解
Activity 1 Lead in
T: Class begins! Good morning, everyone. Welcome to a new unit, Unit 2: Exploring English. To begin, I want to show you three charts on page 13. Please look at the bar chart, Chart 1. Can anyone tell me: What are they comparing?
Ss: They are comparing the top 5 languages by number of native speakers.
T: Good. Who is the No.1? And who is the No.2?
Ss: No.1 is Chinese, No.2 is Hindi-Urdu, No.3 is English.
T: Excellent! Now, let's move to Chart 2. This is a pie chart. Who's looking at Chart 2? What does this pie chart show us?
Ss: It shows the number of learners around the world. English has 1,500 million learners!
T: Exactly! A massive number. Chart 3 is a dynamic chart. What can you learn from Chart 3, especially the year 2000 and 2016?
Ss: The number of English learners in China grew from 50 million to 200 million! It's huge.
T: Excellent observation. According to these three charts, English is not only widely spoken as a native language, but it is also the No.1 choice for learners worldwide. Why do you think so many people are learning English? What's your opinion?
Ss: (学生自发回答) It's the global language! / It's important for getting good jobs. / We use it to study abroad.
T: Good points. Today, we are going to explore what makes English so popular, and more importantly, what makes English so uniquely interesting. Let's dive in!
通过与学生的快速互动问答,获取数据信息,初步感知英语的世界地位,为整节课的探究活动奠定基础。这也培养了学生的信息提取与归纳能力。(此时教师可将图表中的关键短语写在黑板左侧:Native speakers, Learners, Growing rapidly)
3 min
学习理解
Activity 2 Picture-based discussion
T: Please turn to page 14. Take a look at the title "Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple". Look at the pictures below it. We see a pine tree, a pineapple, an eggplant, and a hamburger. They are all cute and funny! Now, look at Activity 1. Tick the answer to the question: What do you think the passage is about?
Ss: (学生思考并打勾。绝大多数学生毫不犹豫地选了"words")。
T: I see you all choose "words". But why? Could you please make a prediction based on the title and pictures? Who wants to share?
Ss (John): Because "pineapple" has "pine" and "apple" in it, but neither of them is in a pineapple! So it must be about strange words!
T: Excellent deduction, John! You have grasped the core idea just from the title. So, we are going to read this article to find out what other "crazy" things English has. Let's see if your prediction is right.
引导学生在阅读前进行"标题推测"和"图片观察"。不仅是为了做对书上的一道题,更重要的是激发学生的元认知策略——带着猜测去阅读,验证文本,这能有效增强阅读的目的性和专注度。
5 min
学习理解
Activity 3 Skim for the author's purpose
T: Now, please open your books. I'll give you 3 minutes to read the passage on pages 14 and 15 quickly. You don't need to read every single word. Use a skimming strategy. Just read the first sentence of each paragraph and the last paragraph carefully. Then, check your prediction and complete Activity 3 on page 16: Choose the author's purpose in writing the passage.
Ss: (学生快速默读全文,扫读首句和尾段,寻找核心观点)。
T: Time's up. Let's check Activity 3. Which option is right? A, B, C, or D?
Ss: (齐声回答) C! To show that English is interesting and creative.
T: Exactly! How did you find the answer? Look at the final paragraph: "English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race." So, the author is NOT complaining. He is exploring. He is saying English is interesting because it's made by people! Let's give ourselves a round of applause!
训练学生"略读"技能。要求学生在限定时间内获取文章主要目的,学会在文章的结尾寻找重要的结论句。这不仅是阅读能力的训练,也是培养学生思维广度的有效手段。教师及时总结并给予正面强化,增强学生的成就感。
8 min
学习理解
Activity 4 Scan for details — Group reading
T: The author says English is crazy. But how does he prove that? He uses many examples in paragraphs 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Let's find them. Please turn to Activity 4 on page 16. We need to complete the notes.
T: This time, we will work in groups. The class is divided into two big teams: Team A and Team B. Team A: Please scan paragraphs 2 and 3. Find examples related to: Food, Actions, and Travel. Team B: Please scan paragraphs 4, 5, and 6. Find examples related to: Opposites, Prepositions, and Little words.
Ss: (学生们分小组,在组内开展寻读活动,组长记录)。
T: OK. Team A first. What's the example for "Eggplant"?
Ss (Team A): No egg in eggplant!
T: Correct. Continue, what about "Hamburger" and "Pineapple"?
Ss (Team A): There isn't any ham in a hamburger. Neither pine nor apple in pineapple.
T: Very good. Now compare the verbs. We "sculpt a sculpture" and "paint a painting", BUT...?
Ss (Team A): ...but we take a photo!
T: Perfect! And the travel examples?
Ss (Team A): Seasick at sea, carsick in a car, but we don't get homesick at home!
T: Excellent, Team A! Now, let's turn to Team B. "Hard" is the opposite of "soft". What's strange about "hardly" and "softly"?
Ss (Team B): They are not an opposing pair!
T: Great. And look at the prepositions. A house can "burn up" or "burn down". But when we have a form?
Ss (Team B): We fill it out, not fill it in! And when an alarm rings, it goes off, but when people hear it, they go to the alarm!
T: Amazing! And the last question, what's crazy about "WHO", "IT", and "US"?
Ss (Team B): In a medical report, "WHO" means World Health Organization! It doesn't mean "who" in a question. And "IT" and "US" are confusing when capitalized.
T: Phenomenal work, everyone. You found all the crazy examples. Now, please fill in the blanks in Activity 4 individually based on our discussion. The key is madness!
本环节运用分组合作寻读的方式。将繁重的任务拆解,确保每位学生都有事可做、有话可说。通过激烈的团队竞赛形式,帮助学生在短时间内高效提取出支撑核心论点的7-8个具体细节。这不仅加深了对课文的理解,也为进一步的语言探究做好了丰厚的事实铺垫。
8 min
应用实践
Activity 5 Think & Share
T: We've found a lot of funny examples. But let's think deeper. Look at Paragraph 7. The author says: "When the stars are out, they are visible. But when the lights are out, they are invisible." Why does the same phrase "out" mean opposite things?
Ss: (沉思) Because in the first one, stars "come out", so you can see them. For lights, "go out" means they turn off, so you can't see them.
T: Perfect analysis! So, who made these rules?
Ss: People! Humans!
T: Exactly. The author writes, "English was invented by people, not computers..." Now, imagine if English were invented by a cold, logical computer. Would it have such contradictions?
Ss: Probably not! Computers are too strict.
T: So, what can we conclude? Why is English "crazy"?
Ss: (引导回答) Because people are creative / People are not perfect / Language is alive!
T: Yes! Language reflects the creativity of humans. This brings us to another example of how language is alive: the differences between American and British English. Look at page 18. Can you find the differences in the pictures? (Show subway/underground, gas/petrol, etc.) Can you find any examples in the text? Yes, "theatre" vs "theater".
Ss: (观察对比图,学习英美词汇差异)。
这是从"文本表面"向"深层本质"跨越的关键一步。通过追问"为什么",引导学生建立起"人类创造语言"的认知,从而深刻理解文章的主旨。同时,英美差异扩展将文本的探究成果应用到现实语言文化中,实现了知识的活化与迁移。
8 min
应用实践
Activity 6 Summary — Word Formation
T: Since English reflects creativity, how do we humans create new words? Look at the word "pineapple". It's made of two words: "pine" and "apple". We call this a compound word. Look at "unhappy". "un-" means "not". We call this a prefix. Look at "calmness". "-ness" turns an adjective into a noun. This is a suffix. Now, please turn to Page 17, Activity 2. Let's complete the passage about word formation together.
T: Read the first sentence: Words formed by combining other words are called compounds... Number 1. (Pause) If you contact a friend by writing traditionally using a pen, you call this person a...
Ss: Pen friend!
T: Correct! Now, number 2. (Pause) A book known by many people... (Hint: textbook). Number 3. If something isn't correct, it's...
Ss: Incorrect!
T: Good. Number 4. If someone isn't happy, they're...
Ss: Unhappy!
T: Number 5. If somebody has improved a lot, they have made great...
Ss: Improvement.
T: Excellent. Numbers 6 and 7. When we calm somebody down, they become calm (6), and we can call this state calmness (7). Now numbers 8 and 9. "World Trade Organization" is often shortened to...?
Ss: WTO!
T: And "as soon as possible" is...?
Ss: ASAP!
T: Brilliant! You see, knowing these rules can help us guess the meaning of unfamiliar words. It makes learning English much less scary and much more fun!
紧扣教材编写意图,将构词法这一语言知识进行明确的归纳与操练。通过填空式的层层推进,将前缀、后缀、合成词、缩略词四大构词法清晰展示,帮助学生建立起体系化的词汇记忆策略,为后续长篇阅读和写作打下坚实基础。
5 min
迁移创新
Activity 7 Summary & Homework
T: Let's summarize our journey today. We started with a global look at English. We explored its contradictions, traced them back to human creativity, and learned some cool word formation rules. English is not just a subject; it's a living, breathing history of humanity. Don't be afraid of its craziness. Embrace it!
T: Now, for our homework, I have two options for you. You can choose either one based on your level.
作业一(基础):用3-5句话,总结你个人对作者观点"English reflects creativity"的看法。
作业二(提高):寻找生活中的"英语趣事"。请以4人小组为单位,寻找一个你认为符合课文"Crazy English"特征的新词或中式英语(Chinglish)表达(例如:no zuo no die, good good study)。任务:查阅它的来源或英文对应说法,使用2-3个本课所学的构词法词汇(如 compound, prefix, suffix)并在下节课前做一次简短的2分钟全班英语口头汇报。这将是我们班级"英语语料库"的宝贵资源!
●帮助学生巩固课堂所学内容,降低语言输出难度,增强学习信心。
3 min
分层作业
【作业一(基础巩固)·必做】完成Developing ideas课后练习;用5W框架写出1个Yancy帖子的故事摘要(Who/Where/When/What/Why各1句)。
【作业二(提高迁移)·推荐】用英文向家人或朋友讲述一个你经历的"语言误解"故事(可以是中文的),记录对方的反应和你的解释,下次课2分钟分享。
【作业三(拓展探究)·选做】搜索"English misunderstandings funny stories"或"Chinglish jokes",收集2-3个跨文化误解案例,准备下次课"Cultural Corner"分享。
教学内容
思维脉络
Unit 2 Exploring English · Period 1 · Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple
现象发现(输入梳理)
• 全球英语数据导入(3 张图表)
• 标题与图片预测
• 略读 → 把握作者意图(不是抱怨而是探索)
• 寻读 → 7 大类矛盾现象(食品 / 动词 / 合成词 / 派生 / 动名词 / 介词 / 大小写)
深度探究(内化转化)
• "为什么同是 out 却相反?" → 透过现象看本质
• "谁制定了这些规则?" → 人,不是电脑
• 英美英语差异(theatre/theater 等)拓展
价值升华 + 工具建构(远迁素养)
• 核心立意:英语反映人类创造力
• 构词法入门:compound / prefix / suffix / conversion / abbreviation
• 输出:造句/词族产出 + 同伴互评
教学反思
优点:
1. 情境创设与探究式教学的深度融合:本课跳出了"为读而读"的浅层教学。通过数据图表导入,唤醒认知;通过标题图片预测,引发期待;通过分组寻读,深度探究。课堂将阅读任务变成了"揭秘"游戏,极大地调动了高一学生好胜、好奇的天性,保证了课堂的高参与度。
2. 思维进阶设计严密:教学设计精准对标布鲁姆认知目标。课堂活动没有停留在"找例子"的识记层面,而是成功引导学生在最后探究出"语言是人类创造力的体现"这一核心价值。语言支架的搭建也恰到好处,实现了从"语言输入"到"语言输出"的平滑过渡,避免了"哑巴英语"。
3. 及时的跨文化意识渗透:在探究深度时,自然地拓展了英美英语的文化差异和构词法起源,不仅提供了知识点,更让孩子明白了语言差异背后的历史和文化原因,体现了新课标的跨文化育人导向。
缺点:
1. 课时容量的巨大压力:本课内容横跨了起始页、阅读篇、语法构词、文化差异等多个板块,共计约6个页面。40分钟的常规课堂想要完全落实这套详案,从时间上来说极具挑战性。如果在前面的分组阅读中控制不好节奏,必然会导致最后一环的"Think & Share"环节严重被压缩,从而影响语言产出的质量。
2. 对学困生个体差异的关照不足:虽然设置了分组讨论,但在实际教学场景中,往往英语基础好的学生会抢着发言,而基础薄弱或内向的学生容易沦为"倾听者"甚至"走神者"。本教案在调动边缘学生参与度方面的具体措施略显不足。
改进:
在今后的教学中,将进一步细化课堂任务,提供更多语言支架和示例,引导不同层次的学生参与讨论。同时,通过分层提问和个别指导,帮助学生逐步建立表达信心,使更多学生能够主动参与课堂活动并获得成就感。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$