内容正文:
9A Unit 1 词汇精讲
词汇讲解 · PPT 配套版
制作人--广州培英实验学校--梁夏源
outstanding /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ adj. 优秀的;杰出的
【拓展】outstanding adj.
优秀的;杰出的
outstandingly adv.
杰出地
outstand n.
突出(罕见)
stand out v.
突出;显眼(短语)
【常见搭配】an outstanding student
优秀的学生
outstanding achievement
杰出成就
outstanding contribution
杰出贡献
【拓展练习】她是一位获得诺贝尔奖的杰出科学家。
She is an
outstanding
scientist who won the Nobel Prize.
他取得了杰出的成就,受到所有人的尊敬。
He made
outstanding
achievements
and was respected by everyone.
“An outstanding person is not born, but made through hard work.” —— 杰出的人不是天生的,而是通过努力造就的。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
屠呦呦是outstanding科学家,她因发现青蒿素获得了诺贝尔奖。“Outstanding” 是表扬他人时常用的最高级评价之一,比good和excellent程度更高。
old-fashioned /ˌəʊldˈfæʃənd/ adj. 陈旧的;过时的
【拓展】old-fashioned adj.
陈旧的;过时的
outdated adj.
过时的(近义词)
fashionable adj.
时尚的(反义词)
fashion n.
时尚
【常见搭配】old-fashioned ideas
陈旧的想法
old-fashioned clothes
过时的衣服
old-fashioned way
老式的方法
go out of fashion
过时
【拓展练习】他的想法有点过时,但他很有智慧。
His ideas are a bit
old-fashioned
, but he is very wise.
这种裙子已经过时了,现在没人穿了。
This kind of dress has
gone
out
of
fashion
.
“Some old-fashioned values, like honesty and kindness, never go out of style.” —— 一些老式的价值观,如诚实和善良,永远不会过时。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
在科技快速发展的今天,很多东西很快就变得old-fashioned。但诚实、尊重等old-fashioned values(传统价值观)依然受到人们的珍视。
classical /ˈklæsɪkl/ adj. 古典的;经典的
【拓展】classical adj.
古典的;经典的
classic n.
经典作品(名词)
classically adv.
古典地
classicism n.
古典主义
【常见搭配】classical music
古典音乐
classical literature
古典文学
【拓展练习】她喜欢古典音乐,经常去听音乐会。
She enjoys
classical
music and often goes to concerts.
《红楼梦》是中国古典文学的经典之作。
A Dream of Red Mansions is a
classic
of Chinese
classical
literature.
“Classical music is the language of the soul.” —— 古典音乐是灵魂的语言。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
贝多芬、莫扎特是classical music(古典音乐)的代表人物。中国的《红楼梦》是classical literature(古典文学)的经典之作。classical和classic的区别:classical指“古典的”,classic指“经典的、一流的”。
ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/ adj. 普通的;平凡的
【拓展】ordinary adj.
普通的;平凡的
ordinarily adv.
通常地
ordinariness n.
平凡
extraordinary adj.
非凡的(反义词)
【常见搭配】ordinary people
普通人
ordinary life
平凡的生活
【拓展练习】他是一个普通人,但他做了非凡的事情。
He is an
ordinary
man, but he has done
extraordinary
things.
她过着平凡的生活,但非常快乐。
She lives an
ordinary
life but is very happy.
“Extraordinary things are done by ordinary people.” —— 非凡的事情是由平凡的人完成的。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
英雄并不是生来就是英雄,他们往往是ordinary people(普通人)在关键时刻做出了不平凡的选择。ordinary和extraordinary是反义词,前者表示“平凡的”,后者表示“非凡的、杰出的”。
lamp /læmp/ n. 灯
【拓展】lamp n.
灯
lampshade n.
灯罩
streetlamp n.
路灯
lamp v.
照亮(罕见)
【常见搭配】turn on/off the lamp
打开/关灯
desk lamp
台灯
street lamp
路灯
oil lamp
油灯
lamp post
灯柱
【拓展练习】她打开台灯开始阅读。
She turned on the
desk
lamp
and began to read.
路灯在夜晚照亮了街道。
Street
lamps
lit up the streets at night.
“A lamp in the dark can guide you home.” —— 黑暗中的一盏灯可以指引你回家。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
爱迪生发明了电灯(electric light bulb),但lamp作为“灯”的概念已有数千年历史。从油灯(oil lamp)到现代台灯(desk lamp),lamp一直是人类生活的重要用品。
poet /ˈpəʊɪt/ n. 诗人
【拓展】poet n.
诗人
poetess n.
女诗人
poetry n.
诗歌
poetic adj.
富有诗意的
【常见搭配】famous poet
著名诗人
romantic poet
浪漫主义诗人
poet laureate
桂冠诗人
poetry reading
诗歌朗诵
【拓展练习】李白是中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一。
Li Bai is one of the greatest
poets
in Chinese history.
她的语言富有诗意,很优美。
Her language is
poetic
and beautiful.
“A poet is someone who hears the music in words.” —— 诗人是能在词语中听到音乐的人。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
中国的poets包括李白、杜甫、白居易等。莎士比亚不仅是剧作家,也是著名的poet。“Poetry is the language of the soul.”(诗歌是灵魂的语言。)
convinced /kənˈvɪnst/ adj. 坚信的
【拓展】convinced adj.
坚信的
convince v.
使确信
conviction n.
信念;确信
convincing adj.
令人信服的
convincingly adv.
令人信服地
【常见搭配】be convinced that
坚信……
be convinced of
确信……
convince sb. to do
说服某人做某事
【拓展练习】我坚信我们会成功的。
I
am
convinced
that we will succeed.
他的论据很有说服力。
His argument is very
convincing
.
“Be convinced of your own worth, and others will see it too.” —— 坚信自己的价值,别人也会看到。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
马丁·路德·金was convinced that(坚信)种族平等终将实现。他的演讲《我有一个梦想》激励了无数人。convinced比sure程度更深,表示“深信不疑”。
philosopher /fəˈlɒsəfə(r)/ n. 哲学家
【拓展】philosopher n.
哲学家
philosophy n.
哲学
philosophical adj.
哲学的;冷静的
philosophic adj.
哲学的
【常见搭配】famous philosopher
著名哲学家
philosopher's stone
点金石
【拓展练习】苏格拉底是历史上最著名的哲学家之一。
Socrates is one of the most famous
philosophers
in history.
他的人生哲学是“永不放弃”。
His
philosophy of life
is "never give up".
“A philosopher is a person who loves wisdom.” —— 哲学家是热爱智慧的人。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德是古希腊的著名philosophers。中国的孔子、老子也是伟大的philosophers。philosophy(哲学)这个词来自希腊语,意思是“爱智慧”。
dramatist /ˈdræmətɪst/ n. 剧作家
【拓展】dramatist n.
剧作家
drama n.
戏剧
dramatic adj.
戏剧性的
dramatically adv.
戏剧性地
playwright n.
剧作家(近义词)
【常见搭配】famous dramatist
著名剧作家
classical dramatist
古典剧作家
【拓展练习】莎士比亚是英国文学中最伟大的剧作家。
Shakespeare is the greatest
dramatist
in English literature.
这部戏剧的结局很戏剧化。
The ending of this play is very
dramatic
.
“A dramatist writes not just words, but worlds.” —— 剧作家写的不仅仅是台词,而是世界。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
莎士比亚是世界上最著名的dramatist,他的作品如《哈姆雷特》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》至今仍在上演。中国的关汉卿、汤显祖也是伟大的dramatists。
judgement /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ n. 看法;意见
【拓展】judgement n.
看法;意见;判断
judge v.
判断;评判
judge n.
法官;裁判
judicious adj.
明智的
【常见搭配】make a judgement
做出判断
in one's judgement
在某人看来
【拓展练习】在我看来,这是最好的选择。
In
my
judgement
, this is the best choice.
不要轻易评判别人。
Don't
judge
others too quickly.
“Don't make a judgement until you have all the facts.” —— 在掌握所有事实之前不要做出判断。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
英语习语“judgement call”表示“主观判断”,指基于个人经验而非客观事实的决定。“Good judgement comes from experience, and experience comes from bad judgement.”(良好的判断来自经验,而经验来自糟糕的判断。)
evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn/ n. 评价;评估
【拓展】evaluation n.
评价;评估
evaluate v.
评价;评估
evaluator n.
评估者
value n.
价值
【常见搭配】make an evaluation
做出评价
performance evaluation
绩效评估
【拓展练习】老师对我的项目给予了积极的评价。
The teacher gave a
positive
evaluation
of my project.
我们需要评估这个计划的可行性。
We need to
evaluate
the feasibility of this plan.
“Honest self-evaluation is the first step to self-improvement.” —— 诚实的自我评价是自我提升的第一步。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
在学校,学生经常收到老师的evaluation(评价)。在工作中,performance evaluation(绩效评估)是常见的考核方式。self-evaluation(自我评价)也是成长的重要环节。
consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ v. 认为;考虑
【拓展】consider v.
认为;考虑
consideration n.
考虑
considerable adj.
相当大的
considerate adj.
体贴的
considering prep.
鉴于
【拓展练习】我把他当作我最好的朋友。
I
consider
him
as
my best friend.
在做出决定之前要考虑所有因素。
Consider
all factors before making a decision.
她是一个很体贴的人。
She is a very
considerate
person.
“Consider the consequences before you act.” —— 在行动之前考虑后果。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
英语中的considerate(体贴的)和considerable(相当大的)都是由consider派生而来,但意思不同。“Take into consideration”(考虑到)是写作中的高频短语。
background /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ n. 背景
【拓展】background n.
背景
background n.
出身;经历
background information n.
背景信息
background adj.
背景的
【常见搭配】family background
家庭背景
educational background
教育背景
cultural background
文化背景
【拓展练习】她出身贫寒,但非常努力。
She comes from a
poor
background
but works very hard.
我们需要了解一些背景信息。
We need some
background
information
.
“Your background does not define your future.” —— 你的背景不能定义你的未来。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
在介绍一个人时,我们常提到他的family background(家庭背景)或educational background(教育背景)。“Background check”(背景调查)是求职中的常见环节。
significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 有重大意义的
【拓展】significant adj.
有重大意义的
significantly adv.
显著地
significance n.
意义;重要性
signification n.
含义
【常见搭配】significant achievement
重大成就
significant difference
显著差异
significant contribution
重要贡献
【拓展练习】青霉素的发现是医学史上的一个重大事件。
The discovery of penicillin was a
significant
event in medicine.
这个发现具有重大意义。
This discovery is
of
great
significance
.
“The most significant change in life often comes from small steps.” —— 生活中最重大的改变往往来自小小的步伐。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
中国发明的指南针、造纸术、印刷术和火药都是significant的发明。“Significant” 比important程度更深,强调“有重大意义”的。
milestone /ˈmaɪlstəʊn/ n. 里程碑
【拓展】milestone n.
里程碑
mile n.
英里
stone n.
石头
milestone n.
重大事件
【常见搭配】reach a milestone
达到里程碑
an important milestone
一个重要里程碑
milestone achievement
里程碑式的成就
【拓展练习】得到这份工作是我职业生涯中的一个里程碑。
Getting this job was a
milestone
in my career.
这个发明标志着人类历史上的一个里程碑。
This invention
marks
a
milestone
in human history.
“Every milestone in life is a reason to celebrate.” —— 人生中的每一个里程碑都值得庆祝。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
英语中milestone原本指路边标记距离的石头(mile+stone),现在用来比喻“重大事件”或“转折点”。毕业、结婚、升职都是人生中的milestones。
manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ v. 完成;管理
【拓展】manage v.
完成;管理
management n.
管理
manager n.
经理
manageable adj.
可管理的
manageably adv.
可控地
【常见搭配】manage to do
设法做成了某事
manage a company
管理公司
【拓展练习】他设法按时完成了这个项目。
He
managed
to
finish the project on time.
她在一家大公司担任经理。
She works as a
manager
in a big company.
“Those who can manage themselves can manage the world.” —— 能管理自己的人才能管理世界。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
manage to do表示“成功做成了某事”,强调结果;try to do表示“尝试做某事”,不强调结果。在职场中,manager(经理)是负责management(管理)的人。
impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 巨大影响
【拓展】impact n.
巨大影响
impact v.
影响
impactful adj.
有影响力的
effect n.
影响(近义词)
【常见搭配】have an impact on
对……有影响
make a great impact
产生巨大影响
environmental impact
环境影响
【拓展练习】科技对我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。
Technology has
had
a great
impact
on our lives.
这个事件对社会产生了深远的影响。
This event
had a deep impact on
society.
“The greatest impact you can make is by being yourself.” —— 你能产生的最大影响就是做你自己。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
impact比influence或effect更强调“冲击力”和“显著性”。科技的impact(影响)改变了人类的生活方式。袁隆平的杂交水稻对解决粮食问题产生了巨大impact。
truth /truːθ/ n. 真理
【拓展】truth n.
真理;真相
true adj.
真实的
truly adv.
真正地
truthfulness n.
真实性
truthful adj.
诚实的
【常见搭配】tell the truth
说实话
the whole truth
全部真相
seek the truth
寻求真理
【拓展练习】你应该总是说实话。
You should always
tell
the
truth
.
事实上,我并不了解全部情况。
In
truth
, I didn't know the whole situation.
“The truth will set you free.” —— 真理会让你获得自由。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
在法庭上,证人宣誓“to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth”(说出真相,全部真相,只有真相)。truth不仅是“事实”,也可以指“真理”。
concentrated /ˈkɒnsntreɪtɪd/ adj. 全神贯注的
【拓展】concentrated adj.
全神贯注的
concentrate v.
集中注意力
concentration n.
专注力
concentrate n.
浓缩物
concentrated adj.
集中的
【常见搭配】be concentrated on
全神贯注于……
concentrate on
专注于……
【拓展练习】她全神贯注地工作。
She
is
concentrated
on
her work.
你需要集中精力做这件事。
You need to
concentrate
your
efforts
on this.
“Concentrated effort is the key to success.” —— 集中的努力是成功的关键。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
在信息爆炸的时代,concentration(专注力)变得越来越珍贵。concentrate on表示“专注于某事”,常见短语是concentrate on studying(专注于学习)。
belief /bɪˈliːf/ n. 信念
【拓展】belief n.
信念
believe v.
相信
believable adj.
可信的
unbelievable adj.
难以置信的
believer n.
信徒
【常见搭配】have a belief in
相信……
beyond belief
难以置信
in the belief that
相信……
【拓展练习】他坚信教育的力量。
He
has
a
strong
belief
in the power of education.
这个故事令人难以置信。
This story is
beyond
belief
.
“Belief in yourself is the first step to success.” —— 相信自己是成功的第一步。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
belief和faith都有“信念”的意思,但belief更强调“相信某事是真的”,faith更强调“信任”。“Beyond belief”(难以置信)是常用表达。
with something in mind 考虑到……
【拓展】—
【常见搭配】with that in mind
考虑到那一点
with this in mind
考虑到这一点
with the purpose in mind
心中怀着目标
keep something in mind
记住某事
【拓展练习】考虑到截止日期,我们夜以继日地工作。
With the deadline in mind
, we worked day and night.
请记住这个重要事实。
Please
keep
this important fact
in
mind
.
“With your goal in mind, every step becomes meaningful.” —— 心中怀着目标,每一步都变得有意义。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
with something in mind表示“考虑到某事、怀着某种想法”。在决策和计划时,我们常keep something in mind(记住某事)。
in addition to /ɪn əˈdɪʃn tuː/ 除……之外
【拓展】—
【常见搭配】in addition to doing
除了做……
in addition to sth.
除了某物
in addition
此外(单独使用)
【拓展练习】除了阅读,她还喜欢写作。
In
addition
to
reading, she also likes writing.
他挣了很多钱。此外,他还很有名。
He earns a lot of money.
In
addition
, he is also famous.
“In addition to hard work, you also need a little luck.” —— 除了努力工作,你还需要一点运气。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
in addition to是写作中常用的连接短语,用于补充信息。在列举时,可以用in addition(此外)加一句新信息。“In addition to English, he also speaks French.”(除了英语,他还会说法语。)
be fond of /biː fɒnd ɒv/ 喜爱
【拓展】—
【常见搭配】be fond of doing
喜欢做某事
be fond of sb.
喜欢某人
become fond of
开始喜欢
grow fond of
渐渐喜欢
fond memories
美好的回忆
【拓展练习】她非常喜欢她的小狗。
She
is very fond of
her little dog.
他喜欢在周末去海边。
He
is
fond
of
going to the seaside at weekends.
“We become fond of the things we spend time with.” —— 我们会喜欢上那些我们花时间相处的事物。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
be fond of比like程度更深,比love程度浅,表示“很喜欢、喜爱”。“I'm fond of classical music.”(我喜欢古典音乐。)“She is very fond of her cat.”(她很喜欢她的猫。)
reach for /riːtʃ fɔː(r)/ 伸手去拿
【拓展】—
【常见搭配】reach for the stars
伸手摘星(追求远大目标)
reach for help
寻求帮助
reach out for
伸手去够
reach for the book
伸手拿书
【拓展练习】他伸手去拿书架顶层的书。
He
reached
for
the book on the top shelf.
你应该追求远大的目标。
You should
reach
for
the
stars
.
“Reach for the stars, and you might land on the moon.” —— 伸手摘星,你可能会落在月亮上。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
“Reach for the stars” 是英语中非常励志的表达,鼓励人们追求远大的目标。reach for强调“伸手努力去够”的动作,体现了主动进取的精神。
fight for /faɪt fɔː(r)/ 为……而斗争
【拓展】—
【常见搭配】fight for freedom
为自由而战
fight for rights
为权利而斗争
fight for one's dream
为梦想而奋斗
fight for justice
为正义而战
fight against
与……斗争
【拓展练习】许多人为自由和平等而奋斗。
Many people
fought
for
freedom and equality.
我们应该为梦想而奋斗。
We should
fight
for
our dreams.
“If you don't fight for what you want, don't cry for what you lose.” —— 如果你不为想要的而奋斗,就不要为失去的而哭泣。【名言警句】
【趣味文化】
fight for表示“为……而战”,强调目标和信念。fight against表示“与……斗争”,强调对抗的对象。马丁·路德·金fought for(为……而斗争)种族平等。
Unit 1 综合练习 · 一、用所给词的适当形式填空(共10题,每词只考一次)
1. The
poet
(poem) recited a beautiful poem at the ceremony.
2. She made an
outstanding
(outstanding) contribution to the field of medicine.
3. His
convincing
(convince) argument persuaded everyone in the room.
4. The
dramatist
(dramatic) received a standing ovation after the performance.
5. In my
judgement
(judge), he is the most suitable candidate for the job.
6. The
evaluation
(evaluate) of the project showed positive results.
7. The
significance
(significant) of this discovery cannot be overstated.
Unit 1 综合练习 · 一、用所给词的适当形式填空(共10题,每词只考一次)(续)
8. She
concentrated
(concentrate) on her work and didn't notice me.
9. He has a firm
belief
(believe) in the importance of education.
10. The
manager
(manage) of the company made a wise decision.
Unit 1 综合练习 · 二、单项选择(共10题)
1. She is an ______ scientist who won the Nobel Prize.
A. ordinary
B. outstanding
✓
C. old-fashioned
D. classical
2. Li Bai is one of the greatest ______ in Chinese history.
A. poets
✓
B. philosophers
C. dramatists
D. scientists
3. I am ______ that we will succeed.
A. considered
B. convinced
✓
C. concentrated
D. convinced
4. He ______ to finish the project on time.
A. managed
✓
B. managed
C. manages
D. managing
5. Technology has had a great ______ on our lives.
A. impact
✓
B. judgement
C. evaluation
D. background
6. ______ English, he also speaks French fluently.
A. In addition
B. In addition to
✓
C. Besides to
D. Except
Unit 1 综合练习 · 二、单项选择(共10题)(续)
7. She is very ______ of her little dog.
A. fond
✓
B. find
C. found
D. fonded
8. You should always tell the ______.
A. true
B. truth
✓
C. truly
D. truthful
9. He ______ for the book on the top shelf.
A. reached
✓
B. reached
C. reached
D. reaching
10. Many people ______ for freedom and equality.
A. fight
B. fought
✓
C. fighting
D. fights
Unit 1 综合练习 · 三、完成句子(共10题)
1. 她是一位获得诺贝尔奖的杰出科学家。
She is an
outstanding
scientist who won the Nobel Prize.
2. 他的想法有点过时。
His ideas are a bit
old-fashioned
.
3. 她喜欢古典音乐,经常去听音乐会。
She enjoys
classical
music and often goes to concerts.
4. 我坚信我们会成功的。
I
am
convinced
that we will succeed.
Unit 1 综合练习 · 三、完成句子(共10题)(续)
5. 在我看来,这是最好的选择。
In
my
judgement
, this is the best choice.
6. 他设法按时完成了这个项目。
He
managed
to
finish the project on time.
7. 科技对我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。
Technology has
had
a great
impact
on our lives.
8. 你应该总是说实话。
You should always
tell
the
truth
.
Unit 1 综合练习 · 三、完成句子(共10题)(续)
9. 除了英语,他还会说流利的法语。
In
addition
to
English, he also speaks French fluently.
10. 许多人为自由和平等而奋斗。
Many people
fought
for
freedom and equality.
Unit 1 综合练习 · 四、语法填空(共10空,纯语法填空,无选词)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Marie
Curie was one of the most (1)
outstanding
(outstanding) scientists in history. She was
born in Poland (2)
and
moved to France
to study science. She (3)
managed
(manage)
to discover radium after years of hard work.
Her discovery had a great impact (4)
on
Unit 1 综合练习 · 四、语法填空(共10空,纯语法填空,无选词)(续)
the field of medicine. In addition (5)
to
her scientific work, she also taught at a
university. She was (6)
convinced
(convince)
that education was the key to progress. She
(7)
fought
(fight) for women's rights to
receive higher education. Her (8)
belief
(believe) in the power of science inspired
many young people. (9)
With
her
Unit 1 综合练习 · 四、语法填空(共10空,纯语法填空,无选词)(续)
achievements in mind, she never forgot her
roots. She is truly a (10)
significant
(significance) figure in human history.
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