Unit 2 People and their jobs 由who、which、that引导的定语从句（核心语法精练） 【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2026-2027学年英语九年级上册（沪教版五四学制）

该初中英语单元复习学案以“由who、which、that引导的定语从句”为核心，通过“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式设计，结合思维导图梳理关系代词基本用法与易错点，表格细化规则及例句，构建从概念理解到应用实践的完整学习路径，助力学生系统掌握语法知识。 亮点在于语法梳理与分层练习的深度结合，思维导图直观呈现关系代词选择逻辑培养思维品质，单项选择、句型转换等多样化练习训练语言能力，如“完成句子”任务需根据语境判断关系代词，促进语法知识向语言应用转化。为学生提供系统复习支架，也为教师实施单元语法复习提供清晰教学路径。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 2 People and their jobs (新教材沪教版五四学制) (由 who、which、that 引导的定语从句) 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 思维导图梳理了定语从句的两大板块:一是关系代词的基本用法(who 指人、which 指物、that 人/物通用、作宾语可省略而主语不可省);二是只用 that 与易错点(最高级/序数词修饰、先行词含人又含物、不定代词、介词+关系代词)。帮助准确判断关系代词的选择与省略。 语法模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、关系代词的基本用法 who 先行词是人,作主语或宾语(介词前用 whom) The girl who stands there is my sister. which 先行词是物,作主语或宾语 The book which you bought is interesting. that 人或物通用,可代替 who which He likes music that is soft. 省略规则 作宾语可省略,作主语不可省 the pen (that) I want / the pen that lies… 二、只用 that 的情况 最高级修饰 先行词被最高级修饰 the best film that… 序数词/唯一 被序数词或 the only/very 修饰 the first thing that… 人+物 先行词同时含人与物 the people and places that… 不定代词 something/anything/everything/nothing Something that we eat… 介词结构 介词+关系代词只用 which/whom the man to whom… 使用注意事项 1. 定语从句放在先行词之后,关系代词 that/who/which 同时扮演“指代先行词、连接主从句、在从句中充当成分”三重角色。 2. who 指人,which 指物,that 人或物通用;介词提前时指人只用 whom,指物只用 which(不用 that)。 3. 关系代词作宾语时可省略,作主语时绝对不可省略(如 This is the pen that lies on the desk. 中 that 作主语不能省)。 4. 先行词被最高级、序数词或 the only/very 修饰时只用 that;先行词同时含人与物时也只用 that。 5. 先行词为不定代词 something/anything/everything/nothing 时,关系代词只用 that。 6. 修饰人时若从句缺主语用 who/that;缺宾语可用 who/whom/that,口语中 whom 常作 who 用,但介词后必须用 whom。 一、单项选择 1.The boy is playing basketball on the playground is my brother. A.who B.which C.what D.whom 2.The book you lent me yesterday is really helpful. A.who B.that C.what D.whom 3.This is the most exciting movie I have ever seen. A.which B.who C.that D.what 4.The first person arrived at the meeting was our teacher. A.which B.who C.what D.that 5.We will never forget the people and places we visited in Beijing. A.that B.which C.who D.where 6.Is there anything I can do for you? A.which B.that C.who D.what 7.The woman won the Nobel Prize is a great scientist. A.whom B.which C.who D.that 8.The song we listened to last night was beautiful. A.who B.what C.whom D.that 9.He is the only student passed the difficult exam. A.that B.which C.who D.what 10.The stories were written by Lu Xun are famous all over the world. A.who B.which C.that D.what 二、完成句子 1.我们正在读的那本书很有趣。 The book we is very interesting. 2.赢得奖项的那个女孩是我的同桌。 The girl the prize is my deskmate. 3.我喜欢能让人思考的音乐。 I like music me something to think about. 4.这是我叔叔去年建的那所房子。 This is the house my uncle last year. 5.每个人都喜欢能带来快乐的朋友。 Everyone likes friends happiness. 6.这是今年展出的最好的画作。 This is the best painting shown this year. 7.那些在花园里玩耍的孩子是我的邻居。 The children in the garden are my neighbours. 8.我喜欢有创造力的音乐家。 I like musicians creative. 9.他是我最钦佩的科学家。 He is the scientist I most. 10.能讲流利英语的人很受欢迎。 People English well are popular. 三、句型转换 1.The boy is my neighbour. He is wearing a red coat. The boy a red coat is my neighbour. 2.I don't know the woman. She is standing near the piano. I don't know the woman standing near the piano. 3.She was the first girl to win the prize.(改为含定语从句的复合句) She was the first girl the prize. 4.My father prefers quiet beaches.(改为同义句) My father prefers beaches quiet. 5.China is a great country. It has a long history of 5,000 years. China is a great country a long history of 5,000 years. 6.We helped the old man. He lost his way home. We helped the old man his way home. 7.The movie has a happy ending. I like it. I like the movie a happy ending. 8.Something is delicious. We both eat it. Something we both is delicious. 9.The man gave me the book. I like the book.(合并为一句) I like the book the man me. 10.They are the students. They won the first prize.(合并为一句) They are the students the first prize. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 To this day, I still think I entered neuroscience (神经科学) through the “back door.” After high school, I went to a 1 in New York. My dream was to become a violinist. However, after a few years, I discovered that my joints (关节) suffered from the many hours of practicing. Since I was interested in music therapy (疗法), I decided to study psychology (心理学). Every day, I had to learn many new things. I was afraid that I would fail the exams. Surprisingly, it turned out that I was at the 2 of my class. I was soon invited to join my professors’ research. One professor, a neuroscientist, introduced me to 3 research, and I had lots of fun in his lab. I ended up becoming a neuroscientist myself because I love to work out how things work. The human brain is very complicated (复杂的) and I want to solve its many puzzles. Neuroscience, as a subject, is still in its early stages. There is so much to be done before we can truly 4 how the brain works-for example, how it causes us to feel sad or excited. One particular need is to work out what goes wrong when a brain gets sick. I use many different tools and methods in my 5 . It’s quite a bit like cooking. I have been a neuroscientist for more than 30 years now. I think that is 6 . Just imagine finding a job that offers lasting satisfaction and a sense of adventure. 1.A.dance school B.language school C.music school 2.A.bottom B.front C.top 3.A.animal B.biology C.brain 4.A.remember B.understand C.trust 5.A.product B.research C.record 6.A.amazing B.awful C.necessary Passage 2 Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage. (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文) Gardening leave What would you do if you were suddenly given two months’ paid leave? Well, most people in England would do some gardening. Just imagine the situation. Carol has just resigned (辞职) from her job at a computer software company. At first, the company is surprised as she is one of their top program developers. But then they start to 1 . What if she copies some data and takes them away with her? Carol still has 30 days to serve at the company. But now they don’t want her in the office because they need to keep the company data 2 . So, they told her to take “gardening leave”—she still receives a pay check, but is not 3 to come into the office. The term “gardening leave” describes the period of time when an employee is still on the payroll (薪水册), but can’t come into the office. “Gardening leave” is often given to employees who have important 4 within the company, especially if they are leaving to join a competitor. But why “gardening”? Actually, in the UK, gardening is one of the top activities during the 5 time. So, the idea is that while you’re sitting at home waiting for your contract (合同) to come to an end, you do a bit of gardening. “Gardening leave” is often given to Formula One motor racing technicians who move between teams. If they say they are leaving, they are 6 put on “gardening leave”. This is to stop them from taking important information. 1. A.worry B.relax C.think D.celebrate 2. A.clean B.alone C.safe D.unknown 3. A.advised B.asked C.arranged D.allowed 4. A.products B.salaries C.images D.positions 5. A.busy B.hard C.spare D.tea 6. A.finally B.immediately C.completely D.especially Passage 3 选择最恰当的选项完成短文。 A recent report shows that more and more college graduates in China are choosing to work in smaller towns and counties instead of big cities. This is a(n) 1 change from previous years. In 2018, only 20% of fresh graduates worked in smaller places six months after graduation. In 2022, however, this number went up to 25%. The report, released by Mycos, pointed out several 2 behind the change. Some graduates want to be closer to their families. Others dislike the stressful life in big cities. What’s more, smaller towns and counties offer more job opportunities in the public sector (公共部门). The report showed that graduates who had left big cities were generally 3 with their careers. Nearly 60% of them stayed in their hometowns for at least five years. Their average salary went up from 4,640 yuan in 2018 to 5,377 yuan in 2022. Most graduates in China used to start their careers in big cities, but different factors have caused them to think 4 . Those include ever-increasing competition for jobs and the rising cost of living in big cities. The government is also encouraging graduates to work in their hometowns. Suichang County (遂昌县) in Zhejiang province, for example, offers a big financial (财务上的) reward to Master’s degree (硕士学位) holders if they go back to work there. Yang Peng, 27, is one of many young people who 5 home. He studied in Britain and got a Master’s degree. In September 2022, he took a job in Shanghai but found it too stressful. After just two months, he moved back to his hometown, Xiushui County (修水县) in Jiangxi province. “ 6 here is better,” Yang said. “I can spend time with my parents and help with the family business.” 1. A.big B.expected C.official D.sudden 2. A.examples B.problems C.reasons D.results 3. A.bored B.confused C.curious D.satisfied 4. A.again B.ahead C.alike D.alone 5. A.left B.missed C.returned D.visited 6. A.Food B.Life C.Traffic D.Weather 五、短文填空 Passage 4 Wan Haibo, a 43-year-old deliveryman (快递员) in Tianjin, was honored as a National Model Worker (全国劳动模范) in 2025. After receiving 1 honor, Wan said, “I feel very excited and proud.” Born in the countryside in Handan, Hebei, Wan went to Tianjin in 2018 and 2 (become) a deliveryman. “There’s no easy way to success. Every package (包裹) means responsibility and trust, so it’s necessary to send it in time,” he said. “I thought about giving up, 3 finally got through all the difficulties.” Wan is responsible 4 a large community. He sends about 500 packages a day, but it can increase to even 1,000 daily during online shopping festivals. He 5 (usual) starts work around 6 am and finishes work around 8 pm—that can last to midnight during busy 6 (season). In the recent seven years, he 7 (send) over 720,000 packages without any mistake. When facing terrible weather and possible delays (延迟), he will call customers right away to explain. Wan is a warm-hearted person who shows special care for the old or 8 (disable) people. He always helps them buy medicine and take away 9 (they) rubbish during deliveries. Since April 2022, he has volunteered to check and report safety risks in his community. “I’m satisfied that we deliverymen get more social respect now,” Wan said. “I’ll keep working hard and encourage more people around me 10 (help) others.” Passage 5 阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯。 I’ve photographed Africa’s wild places for more than 30 years. For me, it is not a hobby 1 a career (事业). Every time I take photos of the landscape and wildlife, I focus on my relationship 2 light. From the first light before sunrise to the soft celebration of day’s end, taking photos in Africa brings me much pleasure. The moment before sunrise is my favorite time of day. I can see 3 sky change from black to deep blue as warm colors begin to appear. Some animals are still 4 (act) enough to move around. At this moment, it’s possible to take great photos of animals. If such photos 5 (take) in a fine mist (薄雾), there seems to be magic in them. At noon, most people return to camp during the heat. With fewer people around, I have 6 (many) chances than other people to take amazing photos. But I need to be patient. Sometimes I have to wait for a long time in the heat 7 (get) a perfect photo. On a starry night, it is also possible to take nice photos. I remember that I 8 (see) a large herd (群) of elephants crossing a river on a clear night eight 9 (month) ago. I knew that was a moment I 10 (simple) couldn’t afford to miss. Today, I’m still proud of those photos I took that night. I love everything about my career as a photographer. I will keep running after the light. Passage 6 There are many introverts (内向的人) in the world. Introverts are people who are 1 (interest) in their own thoughts and feelings than in spending time with other people. Many people think that it is hard for introverts 2 (find) jobs. However, most people, including introverts, can find 3 (suit) jobs according to their personalities. Here are some possible career choices for them. Writer: Introverts usually like to read or write when they are alone. Therefore, a writing career won’t make them 4 — it doesn’t require too much social interaction (交流) and gives plenty of me-time. Writing doesn’t just mean writing books, and other writing forms like reviews or product descriptions 5 (involve) too. Writers can write short stories, poems, plays and blogs. The opportunities for a writing career are 6 (end). Artist: Most introverts are also quite 7 (create) and have an artistic mind. They can work as an artist like a designer, architect (建筑师), poster maker, painter and much more. A designer doesn’t 8 (necessary) need to have good painting skills. These days, 9 (imagine) is enough. Online tools can help create designs, layouts, pictures and so on. Programmer: Being a programmer is also a good choice for introverts. This career needs good mathematical knowledge as well 10 critical thinking ability. The job of most programmers is to work on code (代码) to find and solve problems. They don’t need to talk to others too much. However, a passion for coding is the most important base for this career. 六、选词填空 Passage 7 Complete the following passages with the words in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词填入空格,每空限填一词,每词只能填一次). A.Luckily B.solve C. work as D.teaming up E. Actually Whenever we work out a problem, it feels satisfying. Let’s meet two professionals who use creative problem-solving skills in their careers.Paolo Pasco: professional puzzle creator Games are serious business for Paolo Pasco, who is known as a professional puzzle creator. At the age of 4, his mom brought home Sudoku (数独) on a sheet of paper. He remembered, “I would try and 1 it on the kitchen floor.” Today, Pasco designs puzzles for people of all ages. He is glad to 2 the games editor for TED, a media company behind TED Talks. He’s also published a crossword book for kids. Pasco says puzzling doesn’t have to be an individual activity. 3 , it’s a great way to spend time with friends and enjoy shared time. If you feel stuck on a puzzle, Pasco suggests 4 with others to find the answers. He says, “Your life will be so much richer for it.” II A.care B.gentle C. calm D.notice E. either Amy Maya: pediatric dental anesthesiologist (儿童牙科麻醉医师) When people think of a dental expert, they usually picture someone who cleans teeth and treats holes in teeth. However, Amy Maya doesn’t do 5 of those things. She’s a pediatric dental anesthesiologist. She provides 6 when young patients come to the clinic. She puts them to sleep to keep them 7 and comfortable during important dental work. Problem-solving is key to Maya’s job. She’s trained to monitor everything at all times and make sure everything goes according to plan. That way, Maya says, she can 8 a problem “before it can get even the tiniest bit worse.” Her training helps keep patients safe. Passage 8 A.smell B.command C. go through D.disasters E. in common Hi there! I’m a police dog. I’m a German Shepherd, but some of my friends are Bloodhounds, Labradors, or even Beagles. We’re all different, but we have one thing 1 : we’re smart, strong, and ready to help the police. Bloodhounds, like my friend Max, have the best noses. They can follow a 2 for miles! Labradors and Beagles, like my buddy Charlie, are super friendly and great at sniffing out drugs or bombs at airports. Becoming a police dog wasn’t easy. I had to 3 a tough 13-week training course. I learned to chase and hold onto criminals, but only when my handler tells me to. I also learned to find missing people, detect drugs or explosives, and even search for survivors after 4 . Not all dogs make it through the training, only the best ones like me! A.relax B.tasks C. remove D.evidence E. broken My job is very exciting! My main 5 are to chase criminals, protect my handler, and sometimes go into dangerous places like dark forests or 6 buildings. To keep me safe, I wear a special vest that can protect me from knives or bullets. My nose is my superpower. It is much stronger than a human’s nose. I can follow a suspect’s trail even if they try to hide. Sometimes, I also help find important 7 at crime scenes, like a piece of clothing or a dropped phone. It’s a big responsibility, but I love my job because I get to help people and keep the world safe! But you know what? Even police dogs like me need to retire someday. When I’m too old to work, I get to live with my handler as part of their family. After years of hard work, I finally get to 8 and enjoy life as a pet. It’s the best reward ever! So, that’s my life as a police dog. I’m brave, intelligent, and loyal, and I love helping people. Next time you see me, remember how special I am. I’m not just a dog, I’m a hero! 10 / 10乐思英语 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 2 People and their jobs （新教材沪教版五四学制） （由 who、which、that 引导的定语从句） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 思维导图梳理了定语从句的两大板块：一是关系代词的基本用法（who 指人、which 指物、that 人/物通用、作宾语可省略而主语不可省）；二是只用 that 与易错点（最高级/序数词修饰、先行词含人又含物、不定代词、介词+关系代词）。帮助准确判断关系代词的选择与省略。 语法模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、关系代词的基本用法 who 先行词是人，作主语或宾语（介词前用 whom） The girl who stands there is my sister. which 先行词是物，作主语或宾语 The book which you bought is interesting. that 人或物通用，可代替 who·which He likes music that is soft. 省略规则 作宾语可省略，作主语不可省 the pen (that) I want / the pen that lies… 二、只用 that 的情况 最高级修饰 先行词被最高级修饰 the best film that… 序数词/唯一 被序数词或 the only/very 修饰 the first thing that… 人+物 先行词同时含人与物 the people and places that… 不定代词 something/anything/everything/nothing Something that we eat… 介词结构 介词+关系代词只用 which/whom the man to whom… 使用注意事项 1. 定语从句放在先行词之后，关系代词 that/who/which 同时扮演“指代先行词、连接主从句、在从句中充当成分”三重角色。 2. who 指人，which 指物，that 人或物通用；介词提前时指人只用 whom，指物只用 which（不用 that）。 3. 关系代词作宾语时可省略，作主语时绝对不可省略（如 This is the pen that lies on the desk. 中 that 作主语不能省）。 4. 先行词被最高级、序数词或 the only/very 修饰时只用 that；先行词同时含人与物时也只用 that。 5. 先行词为不定代词 something/anything/everything/nothing 时，关系代词只用 that。 6. 修饰人时若从句缺主语用 who/that；缺宾语可用 who/whom/that，口语中 whom 常作 who 用，但介词后必须用 whom。 一、单项选择 1．The boy ________ is playing basketball on the playground is my brother. A．who B．which C．what D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：正在操场上打篮球的那个男孩是我弟弟。先行词 the boy 指人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，用 who（或 that）；which 指物，what 不能引导定语从句，whom 只能作宾语。故选 A。 2．The book ________ you lent me yesterday is really helpful. A．who B．that C．what D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你昨天借给我的那本书真的很有用。先行词 the book 指物，关系代词在从句中作 lent 的宾语，可用 that 或 which；who/whom 指人，what 不能引导定语从句。故选 B。 3．This is the most exciting movie ________ I have ever seen. A．which B．who C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是我看过的最令人兴奋的电影。先行词 movie 被最高级 the most exciting 修饰，这种情况下关系代词只用 that，不能用 which；who 指人，what 不引导定语从句。故选 C。 4．The first person ________ arrived at the meeting was our teacher. A．which B．who C．what D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：第一个到达会场的人是我们的老师。先行词 person 被序数词 first 修饰，关系代词只用 that（或 who）；此处被序数词修饰优先用 that，不能用 which。故选 D。 5．We will never forget the people and places ________ we visited in Beijing. A．that B．which C．who D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们永远不会忘记在北京参观过的人和地方。先行词 the people and places 既有人又有物，关系代词只能用 that；which 指物、who 指人、where 作状语均不符。故选 A。 6．Is there anything ________ I can do for you? A．which B．that C．who D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有什么我能为你做的事吗？先行词 anything 是不定代词，关系代词只用 that；which/who 均不用于不定代词后，what 不引导定语从句。故选 B。 7．The woman ________ won the Nobel Prize is a great scientist. A．whom B．which C．who D．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：获得诺贝尔奖的那位女士是一位伟大的科学家。先行词 the woman 指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 who（或 that）；whom 只能作宾语，which 指物。故选 C。 8．The song ________ we listened to last night was beautiful. A．who B．what C．whom D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们昨晚听的那首歌很美。先行词 the song 指物，关系代词在从句中作 listened to 的宾语，可用 that 或 which；who/whom 指人，what 不引导定语从句。故选 D。 9．He is the only student ________ passed the difficult exam. A．that B．which C．who D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他是唯一通过那场困难考试的学生。先行词 student 被 the only 修饰，关系代词只用 that（或 who）；被 the only 修饰时优先用 that，不能用 which。故选 A。 10．The stories ________ were written by Lu Xun are famous all over the world. A．who B．which C．that D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：鲁迅写的故事在全世界都很有名。先行词 the stories 指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用 which（或 that）；who 指人，what 不引导定语从句。故选 B。 二、完成句子 1．我们正在读的那本书很有趣。 The book ________ we ________ is very interesting. 【答案】 that/which are reading 【详解】句意：我们正在读的那本书很有趣。“正在读的”用定语从句，先行词 book 指物，关系代词 that/which 在从句中作 are reading 的宾语；“读”用 are reading。 2．赢得奖项的那个女孩是我的同桌。 The girl ________ ________ the prize is my deskmate. 【答案】 who/that won 【详解】句意：赢得奖项的那个女孩是我的同桌。先行词 girl 指人，关系代词 who/that 在从句中作主语；“赢得”用 won。 3．我喜欢能让人思考的音乐。 I like music ________ ________ me something to think about. 【答案】 that/which gives 【详解】句意：我喜欢能让人思考的音乐。先行词 music 指物，关系代词 that/which 在从句中作主语；“给”用 gives（主语 music 单数，三单）。 4．这是我叔叔去年建的那所房子。 This is the house ________ my uncle ________ last year. 【答案】 that/which built 【详解】句意：这是我叔叔去年建的那所房子。先行词 house 指物，关系代词 that/which 在从句中作 built 的宾语；“建造”用过去式 built。 5．每个人都喜欢能带来快乐的朋友。 Everyone likes friends ________ ________ ________ happiness. 【答案】 who/that can bring 【详解】句意：每个人都喜欢能带来快乐的朋友。先行词 friends 指人，关系代词可用 who/that；情态动词 can 后接动词原形，bring 表示 “带来”，故填 who/that can bring。 6．这是今年展出的最好的画作。 This is the best painting ________ ________ shown this year. 【答案】 that is/has been 【详解】句意：这是今年展出的最好的画作。先行词 painting 被最高级 the best 修饰，关系代词只用 that；“展出”用 is shown 或 has been shown。 7．那些在花园里玩耍的孩子是我的邻居。 The children ________ ________ in the garden are my neighbours. 【答案】 who/that play 【详解】句意：那些在花园里玩耍的孩子是我的邻居。先行词 children 指人，关系代词 who/that 在从句中作主语；“玩耍”用 play（复数）。 8．我喜欢有创造力的音乐家。 I like musicians ________ ________ creative. 【答案】 who/that are 【详解】句意：我喜欢有创造力的音乐家。先行词 musicians 指人，关系代词 who/that 在从句中作主语；“有创造力的”用 are creative。 9．他是我最钦佩的科学家。 He is the scientist ________ I ________ most. 【答案】 who/that/whom admire 【详解】句意：他是我最钦佩的科学家。先行词 scientist 指人，关系代词在从句中作 admire 的宾语，可用 who/whom/that；“钦佩”用 admire。 10．能讲流利英语的人很受欢迎。 People ________ ________ English well are popular. 【答案】 who/that speak 【详解】句意：能讲流利英语的人很受欢迎。先行词 People 指人，关系代词 who/that 在从句中作主语；“讲”用 speak（复数）。 三、句型转换 1．The boy is my neighbour. He is wearing a red coat. The boy ________ ________ a red coat is my neighbour. 【答案】 who/that wears 【详解】句意：那个穿红外套的男孩是我的邻居。将第二句改为定语从句修饰 the boy，先行词指人、在从句中作主语，用 who/that；“穿着”用 wears（主语 boy 单数，三单）。 2．I don't know the woman. She is standing near the piano. I don't know the woman ________ ________ standing near the piano. 【答案】 who/that is 【详解】句意：我不认识那位站在钢琴旁的女性。合并为含定语从句的复合句，先行词 the woman 指人、在从句中作主语，用 who/that；原句为现在进行时，保留 is。 3．She was the first girl to win the prize.（改为含定语从句的复合句） She was the first girl ________ ________ the prize. 【答案】 that won 【详解】句意：她是第一个获奖的女孩。先行词 the first girl 被序数词 first 修饰，关系代词用 that（或 who）；“赢得”用 won。 4．My father prefers quiet beaches.（改为同义句） My father prefers beaches ________ ________ quiet. 【答案】 which/that are 【详解】句意：我爸爸更喜欢安静的海滩。用定语从句修饰 beaches，先行词指物、在从句中作主语，用 which/that；“安静的”用 are quiet。 5．China is a great country. It has a long history of 5,000 years. China is a great country ________ ________ a long history of 5,000 years. 【答案】 that/which has 【详解】句意：中国是一个有着五千年悠久历史的伟大国家。合并为定语从句，先行词 country 指物、作主语，用 that/which；“有”用 has（单数三单）。 6．We helped the old man. He lost his way home. We helped the old man ________ ________ his way home. 【答案】 who/that lost 【详解】句意：我们帮助了那位在回家路上迷路的老人。合并为定语从句，先行词 the old man 指人、作主语，用 who/that；“迷路”用 lost。 7．The movie has a happy ending. I like it. I like the movie ________ ________ a happy ending. 【答案】 that/which has 【详解】句意：我喜欢那部有美满结局的电影。合并为定语从句，先行词 movie 指物、作主语，用 that/which；“有”用 has（单数三单）。 8．Something is delicious. We both eat it. Something ________ we both ________ is delicious. 【答案】 that eat 【详解】句意：我们俩都吃的某样东西很好吃。合并为定语从句，先行词 Something 是不定代词、在从句中作 eat 的宾语，关系代词用 that；“吃”用 eat。 9．The man gave me the book. I like the book.（合并为一句） I like the book ________ the man ________ me. 【答案】 that/which gave 【详解】句意：我喜欢那个男人给我的书。用定语从句修饰 the book，先行词指物、在从句中作 gave 的宾语，用 that/which；“给”用 gave。 10．They are the students. They won the first prize.（合并为一句） They are the students ________ ________ the first prize. 【答案】 who/that won 【详解】句意：他们就是获得一等奖的学生。用定语从句修饰 the students，先行词指人、作主语，用 who/that；“赢得”用 won。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 To this day, I still think I entered neuroscience (神经科学) through the “back door.” After high school, I went to a 1 in New York. My dream was to become a violinist. However, after a few years, I discovered that my joints (关节) suffered from the many hours of practicing. Since I was interested in music therapy (疗法), I decided to study psychology (心理学). Every day, I had to learn many new things. I was afraid that I would fail the exams. Surprisingly, it turned out that I was at the 2 of my class. I was soon invited to join my professors’ research. One professor, a neuroscientist, introduced me to 3 research, and I had lots of fun in his lab. I ended up becoming a neuroscientist myself because I love to work out how things work. The human brain is very complicated (复杂的) and I want to solve its many puzzles. Neuroscience, as a subject, is still in its early stages. There is so much to be done before we can truly 4 how the brain works-for example, how it causes us to feel sad or excited. One particular need is to work out what goes wrong when a brain gets sick. I use many different tools and methods in my 5 . It’s quite a bit like cooking. I have been a neuroscientist for more than 30 years now. I think that is 6 . Just imagine finding a job that offers lasting satisfaction and a sense of adventure. 1．A．dance school B．language school C．music school 2．A．bottom B．front C．top 3．A．animal B．biology C．brain 4．A．remember B．understand C．trust 5．A．product B．research C．record 6．A．amazing B．awful C．necessary 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．A 【导语】本文讲述作者原本梦想成为小提琴手，因关节伤病放弃音乐，转而学习心理学，机缘巧合接触大脑神经科学，最终成为神经科学家的人生经历。 【详解】1．句意：高中毕业后，我去了纽约的一所音乐学校。 后文提到梦想是小提琴演奏家，小提琴属于音乐，因此选择music school。 2．句意：令人惊讶的是，我的成绩竟然在班级前列。 前文说害怕考试不及格，Surprisingly表示转折，说明成绩很好。at the top of the class是固定搭配，表示“班级名列前茅”。bottom末尾语义相反，front不能用来描述成绩。 3．句意：一位神经科学教授带我接触大脑相关研究，我在他的实验室里收获很多乐趣。 全文主题是neuroscience“神经科学”，研究对象为人脑，brain research大脑研究贴合主题。animal动物、biology生物范围宽泛，不符合上下文。 4．句意：在我们能够真正弄明白大脑的运作原理之前，还有大量研究有待开展——比如大脑是如何让我们产生悲伤或兴奋这类情绪的。 根据“how it causes us to feel sad or excited.”可知，此处表达“弄懂、明白”大脑运作机制，understand“理解、弄懂”符合句意。remember“记住”、trust“相信”均不符合科研语境。 5．句意：我在研究中使用许多不同工具与方法。 前文一直在讲神经科学相关研究，in my research“在我的研究中”符合文意。product“产品”、record“记录”均不匹配。 6．句意：我觉得这十分了不起。 后文描述这份工作能带来长久满足感与探索乐趣，情感是正面褒义，amazing“令人惊叹的”符合语境。awful“糟糕的”语义相反，necessary“必要的”无法体现文中赞美情绪。 Passage 2 Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage. (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文) Gardening leave What would you do if you were suddenly given two months’ paid leave? Well, most people in England would do some gardening. Just imagine the situation. Carol has just resigned (辞职) from her job at a computer software company. At first, the company is surprised as she is one of their top program developers. But then they start to 1 . What if she copies some data and takes them away with her? Carol still has 30 days to serve at the company. But now they don’t want her in the office because they need to keep the company data 2 . So, they told her to take “gardening leave”—she still receives a pay check, but is not 3 to come into the office. The term “gardening leave” describes the period of time when an employee is still on the payroll (薪水册), but can’t come into the office. “Gardening leave” is often given to employees who have important 4 within the company, especially if they are leaving to join a competitor. But why “gardening”? Actually, in the UK, gardening is one of the top activities during the 5 time. So, the idea is that while you’re sitting at home waiting for your contract (合同) to come to an end, you do a bit of gardening. “Gardening leave” is often given to Formula One motor racing technicians who move between teams. If they say they are leaving, they are 6 put on “gardening leave”. This is to stop them from taking important information. 1. A．worry B．relax C．think D．celebrate 2. A．clean B．alone C．safe D．unknown 3. A．advised B．asked C．arranged D．allowed 4. A．products B．salaries C．images D．positions 5. A．busy B．hard C．spare D．tea 6. A．finally B．immediately C．completely D．especially 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. B 【导语】本文介绍了“园艺假”这一职场术语，指员工离职前仍领薪水但无需到岗的时期，目的是防止员工带走公司重要信息。 【详解】1. 句意：但随后他们开始担心。 上文卡罗尔是顶级程序员，公司担心她带走数据，可知公司开始“担心”，worry“担心”符合。relax“放松”、think“想”、celebrate“庆祝”与担忧情绪不符。 2. 句意：但是现在他们不想她待在办公室，因为他们需要保持公司数据安全。 公司不让卡罗尔进办公室是为了确保数据“安全”，safe“安全的”符合。clean“干净的”、alone“单独的”、unknown“未知的”与数据保护的目的不符。 3. 句意：因此，他们让她休“园艺假”——仍然领薪水，但不被允许来办公室。 根据上下文公司不让她进办公室，可知她“不被允许”来上班，allowed“允许”符合，且为否定形式not allowed“不被允许”。advised“建议”、asked“要求”、arranged“安排”与被迫离开的语境不符。 4. 句意：“园艺假”通常会给予那些在公司内担任重要职位的员工，尤其是当他们即将离职加入竞争对手公司时。 根据下文尤其当他们要去竞争对手公司时，可知这些员工在公司有“重要职位”，positions“职位”符合。products“产品”、salaries“薪水”、images“形象”与离职保密需求不符。 5. 句意：实际上，在英国，园艺是空闲时间的主要活动之一。 根据上文在家等待合同到期时做园艺，可知是利用“空闲”时间，spare“空闲的”符合。busy“忙碌的”、hard“辛苦的”、tea“茶”与园艺活动的时间不符。 6. 句意：如果他们说他们要离开，他们会立即被安排休“园艺假”。 根据下文防止他们带走信息，可知一旦提出离职就“立即”安排休假，immediately“立即”符合。finally“最终”、completely“完全地”、especially“特别地”与快速反应不符。 Passage 3 选择最恰当的选项完成短文。 A recent report shows that more and more college graduates in China are choosing to work in smaller towns and counties instead of big cities. This is a(n) 1 change from previous years. In 2018, only 20% of fresh graduates worked in smaller places six months after graduation. In 2022, however, this number went up to 25%. The report, released by Mycos, pointed out several 2 behind the change. Some graduates want to be closer to their families. Others dislike the stressful life in big cities. What’s more, smaller towns and counties offer more job opportunities in the public sector (公共部门). The report showed that graduates who had left big cities were generally 3 with their careers. Nearly 60% of them stayed in their hometowns for at least five years. Their average salary went up from 4,640 yuan in 2018 to 5,377 yuan in 2022. Most graduates in China used to start their careers in big cities, but different factors have caused them to think 4 . Those include ever-increasing competition for jobs and the rising cost of living in big cities. The government is also encouraging graduates to work in their hometowns. Suichang County (遂昌县) in Zhejiang province, for example, offers a big financial (财务上的) reward to Master’s degree (硕士学位) holders if they go back to work there. Yang Peng, 27, is one of many young people who 5 home. He studied in Britain and got a Master’s degree. In September 2022, he took a job in Shanghai but found it too stressful. After just two months, he moved back to his hometown, Xiushui County (修水县) in Jiangxi province. “ 6 here is better,” Yang said. “I can spend time with my parents and help with the family business.” 1. A．big B．expected C．official D．sudden 2. A．examples B．problems C．reasons D．results 3. A．bored B．confused C．curious D．satisfied 4. A．again B．ahead C．alike D．alone 5. A．left B．missed C．returned D．visited 6. A．Food B．Life C．Traffic D．Weather 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 【导语】本文讲述中国大学毕业生选择到小城镇工作的趋势增长，并分析其原因和好处。 【详解】1. 句意：这与前几年相比是一个大的变化。 big大的；expected预期的；official官方的；sudden突然的。根据“change from previous years”和数据的对比“In 2018, only 20% of fresh graduates worked in smaller places six months after graduation. In 2022, however, this number went up to 25%.”可知，此处强调现在的大学毕业生就业情况与之前相比变化大。故选A。 2. 句意：麦可思发布的这份报告指出了这一变化背后的几个原因。 examples例子；problems问题；reasons原因；results结果。根据“Some graduates want to be closer to their families. Others dislike the stressful life in big cities.”可知，想离家近和不喜欢大城市的压力，均为中国越来越多大学毕业生选择在小城镇工作的原因。故选C。 3. 句意：报告显示，离开大城市的毕业生普遍对自己的职业感到满意。 bored无聊的；confused困惑的；curious好奇的；satisfied满意的。根据“Nearly 60% of them stayed in their hometowns for at least five years.”和“Their average salary went up from 4,640 yuan in 2018 to 5,377 yuan in 2022.”可知，在家乡待的时间长以及薪资增长，体现了毕业生对自己工作的满意。故选D。 4. 句意：中国大多数毕业生过去都在大城市开始他们的职业生涯，但不同的因素使他们重新思考。 again再次；ahead提前；alike相似；alone独自。根据“but different factors have caused them to think”可知，前后句为转折关系，虽然在大城市工作，但有一些因素导致他们再次思考工作地点。故选A。 5. 句意：27岁的杨鹏(音译)是众多返乡的年轻人之一。 left离开；missed想念；returned返回；visited拜访。根据“After just two months, he moved back to his hometown”可知，杨鹏返回了家乡。故选C。 6. 句意：杨鹏说：“这里的生活更好。” Food食物；Life生活；Traffic交通；Weather天气。根据“I can spend time with my parents and help with the family business.”可知，陪伴父母以及帮忙家族生意是整体生活状态。故选B。 五、短文填空 Passage 4 Wan Haibo, a 43-year-old deliveryman (快递员) in Tianjin, was honored as a National Model Worker (全国劳动模范) in 2025. After receiving 1 honor, Wan said, “I feel very excited and proud.” Born in the countryside in Handan, Hebei, Wan went to Tianjin in 2018 and 2 (become) a deliveryman. “There’s no easy way to success. Every package (包裹) means responsibility and trust, so it’s necessary to send it in time,” he said. “I thought about giving up, 3 finally got through all the difficulties.” Wan is responsible 4 a large community. He sends about 500 packages a day, but it can increase to even 1,000 daily during online shopping festivals. He 5 (usual) starts work around 6 am and finishes work around 8 pm—that can last to midnight during busy 6 (season). In the recent seven years, he 7 (send) over 720,000 packages without any mistake. When facing terrible weather and possible delays (延迟), he will call customers right away to explain. Wan is a warm-hearted person who shows special care for the old or 8 (disable) people. He always helps them buy medicine and take away 9 (they) rubbish during deliveries. Since April 2022, he has volunteered to check and report safety risks in his community. “I’m satisfied that we deliverymen get more social respect now,” Wan said. “I’ll keep working hard and encourage more people around me 10 (help) others.” 【答案】 1. the 2. became 3. but 4. for 5. usually 6. seasons 7. has sent 8. disabled 9. their 10. to help 【导语】本文介绍了天津快递员万海波在2025年被授予全国劳动模范称号的事迹，展现了他认真负责、热心助人的优秀品质。 【详解】1. 句意：获得这一荣誉后，万海波说：“我感到非常兴奋和自豪。”空处特指前文提到的“全国劳动模范”这一荣誉，应用定冠词the。 2. 句意：万海波出生于河北邯郸农村，2018年去天津并成为一名快递员。根据“in 2018”可知，描述过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时，谓语应用become的过去式became。 3. 句意：我想过放弃，但最终克服了所有困难。前句说想过放弃，后句说最终克服了困难，前后存在转折关系，应用转折连词but，意为“但是”。 4. 句意：万海波负责一个大社区。be responsible for意为“对……负责”，固定介词搭配，应用介词for。 5. 句意：他通常在早上6点左右开始工作，晚上8点左右结束工作。空处修饰动词starts，应用usual的副词形式usually作状语，意为“通常”。 6. 句意：在繁忙季节，这可能持续到午夜。season“季节”，可数名词，此处表示泛指“繁忙的季节”，应用复数形式seasons。 7. 句意：在最近的七年里，他已经送达了超过72万个包裹，没有任何差错。“In the recent seven years”提示时态为现在完成时，主语he为第三人称单数，助动词用has，send的过去分词为sent。 8. 句意：万海波是一个热心的人，对老人或残疾人表现出特别的关怀。空处与the old并列，表示“残疾人”，应用disable的形容词形式disabled，the disabled意为“残疾人”。 9. 句意：他总是在送货时帮他们买药和带走他们的垃圾。空处修饰名词rubbish，表示“他们的垃圾”，应用they的形容词性物主代词their。 10. 句意：我会继续努力工作，并鼓励我周围的人去帮助他人。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语，help应用to help。 Passage 5 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 I’ve photographed Africa’s wild places for more than 30 years. For me, it is not a hobby 1 a career (事业). Every time I take photos of the landscape and wildlife, I focus on my relationship 2 light. From the first light before sunrise to the soft celebration of day’s end, taking photos in Africa brings me much pleasure. The moment before sunrise is my favorite time of day. I can see 3 sky change from black to deep blue as warm colors begin to appear. Some animals are still 4 (act) enough to move around. At this moment, it’s possible to take great photos of animals. If such photos 5 (take) in a fine mist (薄雾), there seems to be magic in them. At noon, most people return to camp during the heat. With fewer people around, I have 6 (many) chances than other people to take amazing photos. But I need to be patient. Sometimes I have to wait for a long time in the heat 7 (get) a perfect photo. On a starry night, it is also possible to take nice photos. I remember that I 8 (see) a large herd (群) of elephants crossing a river on a clear night eight 9 (month) ago. I knew that was a moment I 10 (simple) couldn’t afford to miss. Today, I’m still proud of those photos I took that night. I love everything about my career as a photographer. I will keep running after the light. 【答案】 1. but 2. with 3. the 4. active 5. are taken 6. more 7. to get 8. saw 9. months 10. simply 【导语】本文讲述一位摄影师30多年来在非洲拍摄野生动物的经历和感悟。 【详解】1. 句意：对我来说，这不是一个爱好，而是一项事业。not...but...是并列连词，意为“不是……而是……”，表示对比。 2. 句意：每当我拍摄自然风光与野生动物时，我会专注于我和光线之间的联结。relationship with sth.是名词短语，意为“与……的关系”，为固定搭配。 3. 句意：我能看见天空随着暖色调慢慢显现，从黑色转变为深蓝色。空格后“sky”是独一无二的事物，需用定冠词the表示特指。 4. 句意：一些动物仍然活跃到足以四处活动。空格前“are”后需用形容词作表语，act的形容词形式是active。 5. 句意：如果这样的照片是在薄雾中拍摄的，画面仿佛蕴含着魔力。主语“such photos”与动词take之间是被动关系，if引导的条件状语从句中，描述一般情况需用一般现在时的被动语态，故用are taken。 6. 句意：周围的人变少了，我就能比其他人拥有更多机会拍出惊艳的照片。“than”是比较级的标志词，表示与其他人比较，需用形容词many的比较级more。 7. 句意：有时我不得不在酷暑中等很久，只为拍出一张完美的照片。空格处表示等待的目的，需用动词不定式作目的状语，故用to get。 8. 句意：我记得八个月前一个晴朗的夜晚，我看到一大群大象正在渡河。时间状语“eight months ago”是过去时的标志，需用一般过去时，see的过去式是saw。 9. 句意：我记得八个月前一个晴朗的夜晚，我看到一大群大象正在渡河。“eight”后需接可数名词复数，month的复数形式是months。 10. 句意：我知道那是一个我万万不能错过的瞬间。空格处修饰动词“miss”，需用副词作状语，表示“简直、绝对”，simple的副词形式是simply。 Passage 6 There are many introverts (内向的人) in the world. Introverts are people who are 1 (interest) in their own thoughts and feelings than in spending time with other people. Many people think that it is hard for introverts 2 (find) jobs. However, most people, including introverts, can find 3 (suit) jobs according to their personalities. Here are some possible career choices for them. Writer: Introverts usually like to read or write when they are alone. Therefore, a writing career won’t make them 4 — it doesn’t require too much social interaction (交流) and gives plenty of me-time. Writing doesn’t just mean writing books, and other writing forms like reviews or product descriptions 5 (involve) too. Writers can write short stories, poems, plays and blogs. The opportunities for a writing career are 6 (end). Artist: Most introverts are also quite 7 (create) and have an artistic mind. They can work as an artist like a designer, architect (建筑师), poster maker, painter and much more. A designer doesn’t 8 (necessary) need to have good painting skills. These days, 9 (imagine) is enough. Online tools can help create designs, layouts, pictures and so on. Programmer: Being a programmer is also a good choice for introverts. This career needs good mathematical knowledge as well 10 critical thinking ability. The job of most programmers is to work on code (代码) to find and solve problems. They don’t need to talk to others too much. However, a passion for coding is the most important base for this career. 【答案】 1. more interested 2. to find 3. suitable 4. tired/stressed 5. are involved 6. endless 7. creative 8. necessarily 9. imagination 10. as 【导语】本文介绍内向者的特点，列举适合内向者的三类职业：作家、艺术家、程序员，说明各类职业的工作特点。 【详解】1. 句意：内向的人相比与人相处，对自己的想法和感受更感兴趣。句中有than表示对比，be interested in为固定搭配，此处要用形容词比较级。 2. 句意：很多人认为内向的人找工作很困难。固定句型it is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.，it作形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式。 3. 句意：然而大多数人，包括内向者，都可以根据自己的性格找到合适的工作。空格修饰名词jobs，需要把动词suit变为形容词作定语。 4. 句意：因此，写作类职业不会使他们疲惫——它不需要过多社交交流，还能留给他们大量独处时光。“make sb.+形容词”结构，形容词在此处作宾语补足语，结合语境填tired/stressed。 5. 句意：写作不只是写书，评论或者产品描述这类其他写作形式也被包含在内。主语other writing forms和动词involve之间是被动关系，本句为一般现在时，故使用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为be done，主语为复数，需填are involved。 6. 句意：写作行业的机会是无穷无尽的。位于be动词are后作表语，需要把end变为形容词endless，表示“无穷无尽的”。 7. 句意：大多数内向者也相当有创造力，拥有艺术思维。副词quite后面接形容词作表语，create转换为形容词creative。 8. 句意：设计师不一定需要拥有出色的绘画技能。此处修饰动词need，要用副词形式作状语。 9. 句意：现如今，想象力就足够了。本句缺少主语，需要把动词imagine变为名词imagination作句子主语。 10. 句意：这份职业既需要良好的数学知识，也需要批判性思维能力。固定搭配as well as，意为“和；也”。 六、选词填空 Passage 7 Complete the following passages with the words in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词填入空格，每空限填一词，每词只能填一次). Ⅰ A．Luckily  B．solve  C． work as  D．teaming up  E. Actually Whenever we work out a problem, it feels satisfying. Let’s meet two professionals who use creative problem-solving skills in their careers.Paolo Pasco: professional puzzle creator Games are serious business for Paolo Pasco, who is known as a professional puzzle creator. At the age of 4, his mom brought home Sudoku (数独) on a sheet of paper. He remembered, “I would try and 1 it on the kitchen floor.” Today, Pasco designs puzzles for people of all ages. He is glad to 2 the games editor for TED, a media company behind TED Talks. He’s also published a crossword book for kids. Pasco says puzzling doesn’t have to be an individual activity. 3 , it’s a great way to spend time with friends and enjoy shared time. If you feel stuck on a puzzle, Pasco suggests 4 with others to find the answers. He says, “Your life will be so much richer for it.” II A．care  B．gentle  C． calm  D．notice  E. either Amy Maya: pediatric dental anesthesiologist (儿童牙科麻醉医师) When people think of a dental expert, they usually picture someone who cleans teeth and treats holes in teeth. However, Amy Maya doesn’t do 5 of those things. She’s a pediatric dental anesthesiologist. She provides 6 when young patients come to the clinic. She puts them to sleep to keep them 7 and comfortable during important dental work. Problem-solving is key to Maya’s job. She’s trained to monitor everything at all times and make sure everything goes according to plan. That way, Maya says, she can 8 a problem “before it can get even the tiniest bit worse.” Her training helps keep patients safe. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. E 4. D 5. E 6. A 7. C 8. D 【导语】本文介绍了两位在职业中运用创造性解决问题技能的专业人士：谜题创作者Paolo Pasco和儿童牙科麻醉医师Amy Maya。 【详解】1. 句意：我会试着在厨房地板上解决它。“I would try and ____ it”中，try and do sth.为固定结构，需用动词原形，需选solve表示“解决”。选项B“solve”符合语境。 2. 句意：他很高兴担任TED的游戏编辑，TED是一家创办TED演讲的媒体公司。“He is glad to ____ the games editor for TED”中，be glad to do sth.需用动词原形，需选work as表示“担任”。选项C“work as”符合语境。 3. 句意：实际上，这是与朋友共度时光的好方式。“____, it‘s a great way to spend time with friends”中，需用副词表示“实际上”。选项E“Actually”意为“实际上”，符合语境。 4. 句意：如果你在解谜时陷入困境，Pasco建议与他人合作寻找答案。“Pasco suggests ____ with others”中，suggest doing sth.为固定短语，需用动名词形式，需选teaming up表示“合作”。选项D“teaming up”符合语境。 5. 句意：然而，Amy Maya不做这些事情中的任何一种。“Amy Maya doesn’t do ____ of those things”中，否定句中表示“两者中的任何一个”，需用either。选项E“either”意为“任何一个”，符合语境。 6. 句意：当年轻患者来到诊所时，她提供护理。“She provides ____ when young patients come”中，需选care表示“照顾，护理”，为名词。选项A“care”符合语境。 7. 句意：她让他们入睡，以保持他们在重要的牙科治疗过程中平静舒适。“keep them ____ and comfortable”中，keep+宾语+形容词作宾补，需选calm表示“平静的”，与comfortable并列。选项C“calm”符合语境。 8. 句意：她可以在问题“变得哪怕只严重一点点之前”就注意到它。“she can ____ a problem”中，情态动词can后需用动词原形，需选notice表示“注意到”。选项D“notice”符合语境。 Passage 8 A．smell    B．command    C． go through    D．disasters    E. in common Hi there! I’m a police dog. I’m a German Shepherd, but some of my friends are Bloodhounds, Labradors, or even Beagles. We’re all different, but we have one thing 1 : we’re smart, strong, and ready to help the police. Bloodhounds, like my friend Max, have the best noses. They can follow a 2 for miles! Labradors and Beagles, like my buddy Charlie, are super friendly and great at sniffing out drugs or bombs at airports. Becoming a police dog wasn’t easy. I had to 3 a tough 13-week training course. I learned to chase and hold onto criminals, but only when my handler tells me to. I also learned to find missing people, detect drugs or explosives, and even search for survivors after 4 . Not all dogs make it through the training, only the best ones like me! A．relax    B．tasks    C． remove    D．evidence    E. broken My job is very exciting! My main 5 are to chase criminals, protect my handler, and sometimes go into dangerous places like dark forests or 6 buildings. To keep me safe, I wear a special vest that can protect me from knives or bullets. My nose is my superpower. It is much stronger than a human’s nose. I can follow a suspect’s trail even if they try to hide. Sometimes, I also help find important 7 at crime scenes, like a piece of clothing or a dropped phone. It’s a big responsibility, but I love my job because I get to help people and keep the world safe! But you know what? Even police dogs like me need to retire someday. When I’m too old to work, I get to live with my handler as part of their family. After years of hard work, I finally get to 8 and enjoy life as a pet. It’s the best reward ever! So, that’s my life as a police dog. I’m brave, intelligent, and loyal, and I love helping people. Next time you see me, remember how special I am. I’m not just a dog, I’m a hero! 【答案】1. E 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. E 7. D 8. A 【导语】[短文1]本文是一篇说明文。文章以第一人称（一只警犬）的口吻，介绍了警犬的品种多样性及其共同特质、不同犬种的专长（如寻血猎犬的嗅觉、拉布拉多和比格犬的友好与搜查能力），以及警犬选拔和训练的严格过程。 [短文2]本文是一篇说明文。警犬以第一人称介绍其具体工作职责（追捕罪犯、保护驯导员、进入危险环境、利用嗅觉追踪和搜寻证据）、安全装备，以及其光荣退休后的生活。 【详解】1. 句意：我们都不同，但我们有一个共同点。根据“we have one thing...”及下文“we’re smart, strong...”可知，空格处应填表示“共同点”的词组。have sth. in common 意为“有共同之处”。故填E。 2. 句意：它们能追踪一个气味数英里！根据“They can follow a...for miles!”及前文“have the best noses”可知，寻血猎犬追踪的是气味。选用smell“气味”。故填A。 3. 句意：我必须完成一个艰苦的为期13周的培训课程。根据“I had to...a tough 13-week training course.”可知，空格处需填动词原形构成不定式，表示“经历”或“完成”培训。go through 意为“经历，完成”。故填C。 4. 句意：我还学会了寻找失踪人员、探测毒品或爆炸物，甚至在灾难后搜寻幸存者。根据“search for survivors after...”可知，搜寻幸存者的背景是灾难之后。选用disasters“灾难”。故填D。 5. 句意：我的主要任务是追捕罪犯、保护我的驯导员，并且有时需要进入像黑暗森林或破损建筑物这样的危险地方。根据“My main...are to chase criminals, protect my handler...”可知，空格是句子的主语，且谓语是are，应用复数名词。选用tasks“任务”。故填B。 6. 句意：我的主要任务是追捕罪犯、保护我的驯导员，并且有时需要进入像黑暗森林或破损建筑物这样的危险地方。根据“dark forests or...buildings”可知，空格与dark forests并列，修饰buildings，应用形容词描述建筑物的状态。选用broken“破损的”。故填E。 7. 句意：有时，我也帮助在犯罪现场寻找重要证据，比如一件衣服或一部遗落的手机。根据“find important...at crime scenes, like a piece of clothing or a dropped phone”可知，在犯罪现场寻找的物件如衣服、手机都属于证据。选用evidence“证据”。故填D。 8. 句意：在多年的辛勤工作之后，我终于可以放松下来，享受作为宠物的生活。根据“I finally get to...and enjoy life as a pet.”可知，空格与enjoy并列，应填动词原形，描述退休后放松的状态。选用relax“放松”。故填A。 5 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $