Unit 2 Greener Planet, Better Home 现在完成时(II)与前缀re-（核心语法精练）-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2026～2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

该初中英语单元学案以“Greener Planet, Better Home”为主题，聚焦现在完成时（II）与前缀re-的核心语法，通过“语法梳理-专项突破-综合应用”的递进式任务设计，结合表格系统呈现时态结构、延续性动词转换及构词规则，搭配单选、填空、阅读等多样化题型，构建完整的知识建构与能力训练路径。 亮点在于融入环保主题的项目式学习，如完形填空“Clean Community”活动、短文填空塑料瓶回收建村庄等任务，引导学生在真实语境中运用语法知识，培养语言能力和思维品质。资料提供典型例句解析与解题指导，覆盖不同能力层次，既支持学生巩固基础，又为教师实施单元复习提供针对性教学资源。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 2 Greener Planet, Better Home （新教材仁爱版） （现在完成时（II）、前缀 re-） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了现在完成时（II）与前缀 re- 的构成、核心用法、时段标志、延续性动词、同义转换及典型例句，清晰呈现其时态特点与构词规律。 语法模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 现在完成时（II） 基本定义 表示过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在，常与 for/since 引导的时间状语连用 I have lived here for ten years.（我住在这里十年了。） 时段标志 for + 时间段；since + 时间点或一般过去时的从句 He has worked here since 2010.（他自2010年起在这里工作。） 谓语结构 肯定式：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 否定式：主语 + haven't / hasn't + 过去分词 She hasn't finished her homework yet.（她还没完成作业。） 疑问结构 How long + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ —How long have you been a volunteer?（你当志愿者多久了？） 延续性动词 leave→be away；buy→have；borrow→keep；join→be in；die→be dead；finish→be over He has been away from home for a week.（他离家一周了。） 易混辨析 非延续性动词不能与 for/since 引导的时间段连用，须改为相应延续性动词 I have kept the book for two weeks.（这本书我借了两周了。） 常见误区 延续性动词与时间段搭配错误；since 从句时态错误（应用一般过去时）；for 与 since 混用 —How long have you had it?（你买它多久了？） 前缀 re- 基本含义 re- 表示“again（再、重新）” reuse = use again（重新使用） 构词规则 直接加在动词前构成新动词，词性不变 build→rebuild；plant→replant 核心例词 reuse / replant / recycle / rebuild / review / rewrite We can recycle waste paper.（我们可以回收废纸。） 句中功能 构成及物动词，后接宾语或代词；可用于主动或被动 The old temple will be rebuilt.（古庙将被重建。） 同义转换 “动词 + again”常可转换为 re- 前缀动词 use…again = reuse；build…again = rebuild 使用注意事项 1. for 与 since 的区别：for 后接时间段（如 for ten years），since 后接时间点或一般过去时的从句（如 since 2010 / since he left），二者均与现在完成时连用，表示动作或状态持续的时间。 2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词：leave、buy、borrow、join、die、finish 等非延续性动词不能与 for/since 引导的时间段直接连用，需转换为延续性动词，如 leave→be away、buy→have、borrow→keep、join→be in、die→be dead、finish→be over。 3. How long 提问：对 for/since 引导的时间段提问用 How long；即使划线部分是 since 引导的时间状语从句，也用 How long 提问。 4. 同义句转换：for + 时间段与 since + 时间点/从句可以互相转换（如 for two years ↔ since two years ago）；“use…again”可与 “reuse” 互换。 5. 前缀 re- 的含义与构词：re- 表示 again（再、重新），直接加于动词前构成新动词，如 reuse、replant、recycle、rebuild、review、rewrite，词性不变。 6. 被动语态与现在完成时：现在完成时的被动结构为 have/has been + 过去分词；情态动词的被动结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，如 should be reused。 一、单项选择 1．The prefix re- in the word rebuild means ________. A．again B．not C．before D．without 【答案】A 【详解】句意：单词 rebuild 中的前缀 re- 意思是“再、重新”。re- 表示 again，即“再次”的含义，如 rebuild = build again。故选A。 2．The old man has lived in this peaceful village ________ 1998. A．for B．since C．in D．on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位老人自1998年起就住在这个宁静的村庄里。1998 是具体时间点，since 后接时间点，常与现在完成时连用；for 后接时间段。故选B。 3．—How long ________ you ________ this English dictionary? —For half a year. A．have; borrowed B．have; bought C．have; kept D．have; lent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这本英语词典你借了多久了？——半年了。How long 和 for half a year 都表示时间段，谓语动词要用延续性动词；borrow、buy、lend 都是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，keep 是延续性动词。故选C。 4．—________ have the Whites been in China? —Since 2019. A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．How far 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——怀特一家在中国多久了？——自2019年起。答语是 since 引导的时间点，提问的是时长，用 How long，意为“多久”。故选C。 5．His uncle ________ from the army for three years. He is a civilian now. A．has left B．left C．has been away D．was away 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的叔叔退伍已经三年了。他现在是平民。for + 时间段提示用现在完成时；leave 是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，须转换为延续性短语 be away。故选C。 6．My brother ________ a member of the school band ________ 2021. A．has been; since B．was; since C．has been; for D．is; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我哥哥自2021年起就是学校乐队的成员。since + 时间点提示主句用现在完成时；be 是延续性动词，可与 since 连用，主语 My brother 为第三人称单数，助动词用 has。故选A。 7．We can ________ the glass bottles instead of throwing them away. A．reuse B．rebuild C．review D．return 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们可以重复使用这些玻璃瓶，而不是把它们扔掉。re- 表示“再、重新”，reuse = use again（重新使用），符合语境；rebuild 重建，review 复习，return 归还。故选A。 8．Tom ________ the football club for two terms and made many friends. A．has joined B．joined C．has been in D．joins 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆加入足球俱乐部已经两个学期了，还交了很多朋友。for + 时间段提示用现在完成时；join 是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，须转换为延续性短语 be in。故选C。 9．The broken wooden bridge ________ by the workers next month. A．rebuilds B．is rebuilt C．will be rebuilt D．has rebuilt 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这座破损的木桥下个月将由工人们重建。主语 bridge 与 rebuild 之间是被动关系，且 next month 表示将来，应用一般将来时的被动语态“will be + 过去分词”；rebuild 的过去分词为 rebuilt。故选C。 10．The famous writer ________ for ten years. His books are still loved by readers. A．has died B．died C．has been dead D．was dead 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位著名作家已经去世十年了。他的书仍受读者喜爱。for + 时间段提示用现在完成时；die 是非延续性动词，须转换为延续性短语 be dead。故选C。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．My family ________ (live) in this green city since 2010. 【答案】has lived 【详解】句意：我家自2010年起就住在这个绿色城市。since + 时间点提示用现在完成时；主语 My family 视为单数，助动词用 has，live 的过去分词为 lived。 2．The students plan to ________ (plant) more trees on Tree Planting Day. 【答案】plant 【详解】句意：学生们打算在植树节种更多的树。plan to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”，to 后接动词原形，填 plant。 3．He ________ (work) as a volunteer in the park since he was twelve. 【答案】has worked 【详解】句意：他自十二岁起就在公园当志愿者。since 引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成时；主语 He 为第三人称单数，助动词用 has，work 的过去分词为 worked。 4．You can ________ (use) the reusable bag again to carry your books. 【答案】use 【详解】句意：你可以再次使用这个可重复使用的袋子来装书。情态动词 can 后接动词原形，填 use。 5．The old man ________ (be) away from his hometown for nearly thirty years. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：这位老人离开家乡将近三十年了。for + 时间段提示用现在完成时；leave 是非延续性动词，此处用延续性短语 be away；主语为第三人称单数，be 的过去分词为 been。 6．We should ________ (review) the grammar points we have learned before the exam. 【答案】review 【详解】句意：考试前我们应该复习学过的语法点。情态动词 should 后接动词原形，填 review。 7．She ________ (keep) this book about wild animals for three weeks. 【答案】has kept 【详解】句意：她借这本关于野生动物的书已经三周了。for + 时间段提示用现在完成时；borrow 是非延续性动词，转换为延续性动词 keep；主语为第三人称单数，助动词用 has。 8．They ________ (study) the problem of air pollution for two years. 【答案】have studied 【详解】句意：他们研究空气污染问题已经两年了。for + 时间段提示用现在完成时；主语 They 为复数，助动词用 have，study 的过去分词为 studied。 9．The city will start a project to ________ (build) a new park for the people. 【答案】build 【详解】句意：这座城市将启动一个为人民建新公园的项目。a project to do sth. 表示“做某事的项目”，to 后接动词原形，填 build。 10．We should ________ (recycle) the waste paper to protect the environment. 【答案】recycle 【详解】句意：我们应该回收废纸来保护环境。情态动词 should 后接动词原形；前缀 re- 表示“再、重新”，recycle 意为“回收”，符合环保语境。 三、按要求完成句子 1．我们可以重新使用旧袋子。 We can ________ the old bags instead of buying new ones.（译成英语） 【答案】 reuse 【详解】句意：我们可以重新使用旧袋子，而不是买新的。考查前缀 re- 构成的动词 reuse（= use again），后接宾语 the old bags。 2．他们重新种植了花园里的花。 They ________ the flowers in the garden last spring.（译成英语） 【答案】 replanted 【详解】句意：去年春天他们重新种植了花园里的花。考查前缀 re- 构成的动词 replant（重新种植）；last spring 为过去时间，用一般过去时，replant 的过去式为 replanted。 3．那位老人已经在这个城市里住了二十年了。 The old man ________ ________ in the city ________ twenty years.（译成英语） 【答案】 has lived for 【详解】句意：那位老人已经在这个城市里住了二十年了。“for + 时间段”提示用现在完成时；主语为第三人称单数，助动词用 has，live 的过去分词为 lived。故填 has；lived；for。 4．自从 2018 年以来，我的家乡变得越来越绿了。 My hometown ________ ________ greener and greener ________ 2018.（译成英语） 【答案】 has become since 【详解】句意：自从2018年以来，我的家乡变得越来越绿了。“since + 时间点”提示用现在完成时；主语为单数，助动词用 has，become 的过去分词为 become。故填 has；become；since。 5．你成为环保俱乐部的一员多久了？ ________ ________ have you ________ a member of the environmental club?（译成英语） 【答案】 How long been 【详解】句意：你成为环保俱乐部的一员多久了？对时长提问用 How long；“成为……的一员”表示状态，用 be a member，be 的过去分词为 been。故填 How；long；been。 6．这本书我已经借了三周了。 I ________ ________ this book ________ three weeks.（borrow 改为延续性动词） 【答案】 have kept for 【详解】句意：这本书我已经借了三周了。“for + 时间段”提示用现在完成时；borrow 是非延续性动词，转换为延续性动词 keep；主语为 I，助动词用 have。故填 have；kept；for。 7．他们离开家乡已经有五年了。 They ________ ________ ________ from their hometown for five years.（译成英语） 【答案】 have been away 【详解】句意：他们离开家乡已经有五年了。“for + 时间段”提示用现在完成时；leave 是非延续性动词，转换为延续性短语 be away；主语为 they，助动词用 have。故填 have；been；away。 8．He has worked in this factory since 2010. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ has he worked in this factory? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：他自2010年起在这家工厂工作。对 since 引导的时间点提问，提问时长用 How long，置于句首，首字母大写。故填 How；long。 9．They have lived here for twenty years. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ have they lived here? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：他们在这里住了二十年了。对 for 引导的时间段提问，用疑问词 How long，意为“多久”，是现在完成时的典型考点。故填 How；long。 10．We should reuse the waste water to water flowers. （改为被动语态） The waste water should ________ ________ to water flowers. 【答案】 be reused 【详解】句意：我们应该重复利用废水来浇花。被动语态结构为“be + 过去分词”，情态动词 should 后接 be 动词原形；reuse 的过去分词为 reused。故填 be；reused。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 Like most children growing up in the countryside, Mike loved being outdoors and traveled around every corner of the area. With a deep love of the land, he had a strong wish to 1 it. When Mike saw rubbish moving in the rivers, he got 2 . He knew he had to do something. While only in third grade, Mike started a group. Its purpose was to 3 the countryside and teach young people about pollution and its dangers. But Mike faced a problem. As he was 4 , he found it hard to speak out in public. However, with his mom’s help, Mike 5 got over his fear. He said, “I took responsibility (责任) and did what needed to be done. When your heart is into it, 6 will stop you. ” Mike worked hard to share his idea 7 the public. He handed out leaflets (传单) and even appeared on radio and TV. His efforts paid off. He won the 8 from several thousand people. And his group collected and recycled more than 22,000 pounds of rubbish. Now as a college student, Mike’s 9 stays the same. He often says, “I want to create a 10 life for my kids and grandkids. The countryside is beautiful. I want my kids to see it as I see it. ” 1. A．practice B．protect C．prepare 2. A．weak B．tired C．angry 3. A．clean up B．set up C．cheer up 4. A．shy B．proud C．polite 5. A．carefully B．successfully C．suddenly 6. A．anything B．nothing C．something 7. A．about B．for C．with 8. A．support B．answer C．chance 9. A．wish B．luck C．fear 10. A．busier B．harder C．better 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. C 【导语】本文讲述了迈克热爱家乡环境，克服害羞成立环保组织，清理垃圾并宣传环保理念，最终获得广泛支持的故事。 【详解】1. 句意：他深爱这片土地，强烈希望去保护它。 根据前文迈克深爱土地，看到河里垃圾想要行动，应选用protect，表示“保护”。practice“练习”；prepare“准备”，逻辑不符。 2. 句意：当迈克看见河里漂浮的垃圾时，他感到生气。 根据迈克看到河流垃圾的场景，应选用angry，表示“生气的”。weak“虚弱的”；tired“疲惫的”，逻辑不符。 3. 句意：这个团体的目的是清理乡村，并向年轻人宣讲污染及其危害。 根据上下文处理垃圾、保护环境的语境，应选用clean up，表示“清理”。set up“建立”；cheer up“使振奋”，逻辑不符。 4. 句意：因为他很害羞，他发现当众发言很困难。 根据后文很难在公众面前开口讲话，应选用shy，表示“害羞的”。proud“骄傲的”；polite“有礼貌的”，逻辑不符。 5. 句意：然而，在妈妈的帮助下，迈克成功克服了恐惧。 根据后文他敢于公开宣讲，应选用successfully，表示“成功地”。carefully“仔细地”；suddenly“突然地”，逻辑不通。 6. 句意：当你全身心投入这件事，没有什么能阻止你。 根据语境表达没有事物可以阻拦自己，应选用nothing，表示“没有什么”。anything“任何事物”；something“某物”，逻辑不通。 7. 句意：迈克努力向公众分享他的想法。 根据固定搭配share sth. with sb.，应选用with，表示“与……分享”。about“关于”；for“为了”，均不符。 8. 句意：他获得了数千人的支持。 根据前文他的环保宣传获得大众认可，应选用support，表示“支持”。answer“回答”；chance“机会”，逻辑不符。 9. 句意：现在作为一名大学生，迈克的愿望依旧没变。 根据前文他希望保护土地，此处愿望保持不变，应选用wish，表示“愿望”。luck“运气”；fear“恐惧”，逻辑不通。 10. 句意：他常说：我想为我的孩子和孙辈创造更好的生活。 根据语境想要创造更好的生活环境，应选用better，表示“更好的”。busier“更忙碌的”；harder“更艰难的”，逻辑不通。 Passage 2 从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 According to experts, over 22,000 plastic bottles are thrown away every second, and the number is still growing. 1 a small part of them get recycled, most end up in the ocean. There, they break up into small pieces. Fish and birds often think of them 2 food by mistake, which is dangerous for them. Now, Robert has 3 up with an idea that may not solve the world’s plastic problems, but will at least make progress and hopefully inspire (鼓舞) others. He plans to use the plastic bottles to build a village in the forest of Bocas Del Toro, Panama. Robert is a Canadian businessman. He has been living in the central American country for many years. He started Bocas Del Toro’s 4 project in 2012, after noticing plastic waste being 5 thrown away on the island’s beautiful beaches. During one year and a half, Robert and his volunteers collected over a million plastic bottles! In 2015, he had the idea of using the 6 to build houses, and then the Plastic Bottle Village was born. The project is on an island in the Bocas Del Toro. It’s still in its beginning. So far, they have 7 only a number of houses. But if Robert has his way (如愿以偿), there will soon be a special community, and 90 to 120 8 will live in the Plastic Bottle Village. If he can raise enough money, Robert also plans to build an education center with student dormitories (宿舍). He wants 9 to learn how to use the plastic waste. Recycling plastic bottles is 10 in cutting down the amount of plastic that ends up in our oceans each year, but the smartest thing to do is to avoid them completely. So do your part. 1. A．Where B．While C．What 2. A．as B．to C．for 3. A．run B．look C．come 4. A．saving B．recycling C．planting 5. A．carefully B．happily C．carelessly 6. A．bottles B．boxes C．bags 7. A．bought B．built C．dreamed 8. A．rooms B．houses C．families 9. A．another B．other C．others 10. A．helpful B．harmful C．awful 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍塑料污染严重，加拿大商人Robert收集塑料瓶在巴拿马建造村庄，旨在减少污染并启发他人环保。 【详解】1. 句意：虽然只有一小部分被回收，但大多数最终流入了海洋。 While连接本句中的两个分句，表示转折关系，意为“虽然”，符合逻辑。Where“哪里”表地点，What“什么”表事物，均不符合句意逻辑。 2. 句意：鱼和鸟经常误把它们当成食物，这对它们来说很危险。 此处考查固定搭配think of…as…，意为“把……当作……”，此处用as“作为”符合语境。排除to“到”和for“为了”。 3. 句意：现在，罗伯特提出了一个可能无法解决世界塑料问题的想法，但至少会取得进展，并有望激励其他人。 根据空后的“an idea”可知，此处考查固定短语“come up with”，意为“想出”。has后加动词的过去分词构成现在完成时。排除run“跑”和look“看”。 4. 句意：他在2012年开始了博卡斯·德尔·托罗的回收项目，此前他注意到塑料垃圾被随意地丢弃在岛屿美丽的海滩上。 根据后文“collected over a million plastic bottles”可知，此处是关于塑料瓶的“回收”项目，recycling“回收”符合文章主题。saving“挽救”和planting“种植”与“收集塑料瓶建房子”的语境不符。 5. 句意：他在2012年开始了博卡斯·德尔·托罗的回收项目，此前他注意到塑料垃圾被随意地丢弃在岛屿美丽的海滩上。 A 仔细地；B 开心地；C 随意地。根据“plastic waste being ____ thrown away”可知，垃圾是被“随意”丢弃而造成污染的。carelessly“随意地；粗心地”符合污染场景。carefully“小心地”和happily“高兴地”与垃圾污染的负面语境矛盾。 6. 句意：2015 年，他有了用这些瓶子建房子的想法，塑料瓶村庄由此诞生。 根据文章提到的“Plastic Bottle Village”及前文收集塑料瓶，可知是用“瓶子”建房。bottles“瓶子”符合语境。boxes“盒子”和bags“袋子”与前文“收集塑料瓶”的语境不符。 7. 句意：到目前为止，他们只建了几栋房子。 根据“houses”及项目内容可知，built“建造”和houses搭配，符合语境。bought“买”和dreamed“梦想”不符合“建造村庄的实际过程”。 8. 句意：但如果Robert能如愿，很快就会有一个特别的社区，90到120个家庭将住在塑料瓶村庄里。 根据“live in the Plastic Bottle Village”可知，居住的主体是“家庭”，families“家庭”符合社区居住逻辑。rooms“房间”和houses“房子”与语境不符。 9. 句意：他想让其他人学习如何利用塑料垃圾。 根据“wants...to learn”可知，此处缺宾语指代“其他人”，others“其他人”指代复数其他人，符合句意。another“另一个”指单数，other“别的；其他的”后需接名词，均不符合语法。 10. 句意：回收塑料瓶有助于减少每年流入海洋的塑料量，但最明智的做法是完全避免使用塑料瓶。 根据“cutting down the amount of plastic”可知，回收对减少污染是“有帮助的”。helpful“有帮助的”符合正面评价。harmful“有害的”和awful“糟糕的”与“减少污染的益处”矛盾。 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Zhang family has made a plan to do more to protect the environment. Each person 1 (have) his or her own job. Mr Zhang checks if the lights are off 2 no one is in the room. Mrs Zhang collects plastic bottles and other 3 (thing) from the kitchen. She puts them in a box for recycling. The children help clean the house and grow vegetables in the yard. They use rainwater 4 (water) the plants. Last weekend, the whole family 5 (take) part in a “Clean Community” activity. They picked up litter and talked to people 6 sorting waste. After cleaning all morning, they were tired but happy. The Zhangs think everyone should care about the earth, 7 small things can make a big difference. They also made 8 poster to show their green habits. They have already 9 (collect) more than 100 used bottles this month. Mr Zhang said it was the 10 (good) family project they had ever done. 【答案】 1. has 2. when/if 3. things 4. to water 5. took 6. about 7. because 8. a 9. collected 10. best 【导语】本文讲述张家全家制定环保计划，每个人分工参与环保行动，还参与社区清洁活动，用小事践行绿色生活。 【详解】1. 句意：每个人都有属于自己的任务。主语Each person为单数，该段描述计划内容为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数has。 2. 句意：张先生检查房间没人的时候灯是否关掉。此处需要连词引导状语从句，表“当没人在房间时”，填when，if也符合语义逻辑。 3. 句意：张太太收集塑料瓶和厨房其他物品。other后接可数名词复数，thing变为things。 4. 句意：他们用雨水浇灌植物。固定搭配use sth. to do sth.，此处用不定式to water表目的。 5. 句意：上周末，全家人参加了“清洁社区”活动。Last weekend为过去时间，动词take用过去式took。 6. 句意：他们捡拾垃圾，和人们谈论垃圾分类。固定搭配talk to sb. about sth.，表示和某人谈论某事，填about。 7. 句意：张家认为每个人都应该爱护地球，因为小事能带来巨大改变。后半句是前半句的原因，用连词because引导原因状语从句。 8. 句意：他们还制作了一张海报展示自己的绿色习惯。此处表示一张海报，poster是可数名词单数，发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 9. 句意：这个月他们已经收集了超过100个废旧瓶子。句中have already提示为现在完成时，collect用过去分词collected。 10. 句意：张先生说这是他们做过最好的家庭项目。后文they had ever done表示范围，用形容词最高级，good的最高级为best。 Passage 4 People in Sweden no longer need to pay for plastic bags when they go shopping. On November 1, the government ended its tax (税) on plastic bags, which was about $0.26 per bag, though some stores charged (收费) even higher prices. The government said that the use of plastic bags 1 (drop) greatly since the tax was introduced in 2020, and it believes the tax is no 2 (long) necessary. 3 , some worry that the use of plastic bags might go up again now that they are free, which could lead to more trash and environmental 4 (problem). In 2019, before shoppers had to pay 5 their bags, people in Sweden used 74 plastic bags per person every year. In 2023, they used 17 per person every year, which is much lower than the 6 (Europe) Union (欧盟) goal of 40 per person every year. But many people, including Sweden’s Environmental Protection Agency, think the tax should have been kept for longer. It is 7 (real) hoped that people will keep 8 (use) their own bags when shopping to help the environment. The agency said: “We don’t know what will happen now.” It added that it hoped stores and markets would still encourage people to bring 9 (they) own bags. The government said earlier that the tax had “certain bad effects (影响)”, such as 10 increase in the use of paper bags, and an increased need to buy more plastic bags for trash cans at home. 【答案】 1. has dropped 2. longer 3. However 4. problems 5. for 6. European 7. really 8. using 9. their 10. an 【导语】本文介绍瑞典取消塑料袋税这一政策，对比塑料袋税实施前后人均塑料袋使用量的变化，同时阐述该政策带来的不同看法以及塑料袋税存在的一些弊端。 【详解】1. 句意：政府称，自2020年这项税收推出以来，塑料袋的使用量已经大幅下降，并且政府认为这项税收不再有必要。时间状语“since the tax was introduced in 2020”表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，宾语从句使用现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，主语“the use of plastic bags”为单数，助动词用has，drop的过去分词为dropped。故填has dropped。 2. 句意：政府称，自2020年这项税收推出以来，塑料袋的使用量已经大幅下降，并且政府认为这项税收不再有必要。结合上文“塑料袋的使用已经大幅下降”以及“is no…(long) necessary”可知，此处指这项税收不再有必要，no longer为固定搭配，表示“不再”，符合题意。故填longer。 3. 句意：然而，一些人担心塑料袋免费之后，塑料袋使用量可能再次上升，这会造成更多垃圾和环境问题。前文说政府认为税收不再有必要，后文说有些人担心使用量上升，前后为转折关系，空格位于句首，且空后有逗号，需用副词However。 4. 句意：然而，一些人担心塑料袋免费之后，塑料袋使用量可能再次上升，这会造成更多垃圾和环境问题。problem是可数名词，前面没有限定词，结合“more trash”可知，此处用复数形式problems。 5. 句意：2019年，在购物者需要为塑料袋付费之前，瑞典每人每年使用74个塑料袋。结合“pay…their bags”可知，此处表示为塑料袋付费，pay for sth为固定搭配，表示“为某物付费”，应用介词for。 6. 句意：2023年，人均每年使用17个塑料袋，远低于欧盟设定的人均每年40个的目标。此处修饰名词“Union”，需要形容词，Europe对应的形容词European，表示“欧洲的”，专有名词首字母大写，故填European。 7. 句意：人们真心希望在购物时继续使用自带袋子来保护环境。此处修饰动词“hoped”，需要副词；real对应的副词really，表示“真正地，真心地”，故填really。 8. 句意：人们真心希望在购物时继续使用自带袋子来保护环境。结合“keep”以及“their own bags when shopping to help the environment”可知，此处指人们希望继续使用自带袋子，keep doing sth为固定搭配，表示“继续做某事”，因此空处需用use的动名词形式using。 9. 句意：该机构补充说，希望商店和市场仍然鼓励人们带上他们自己的袋子。结合“own bags”可知，空处需用形容词性物主代词修饰“own bags”，应用their。 10. 句意：政府早些时候表示，这项税收存在“一定负面影响”，比如纸袋使用量增加，家里垃圾桶需要购买更多塑料袋。increase此处是可数名词单数，发音以元音音素开头，an increase in…表示“……方面的增长”，应用不定冠词an。 六、选词填空 Passage 5 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。每个单词只能 用一次。 after   held   attention   clean   he   collect   come   first   help   life Do you believe picking up rubbish has become a world competition? In November of 2023, the first Rubbish Collection World Cup was 1 in Asia. Teams from 21 countries took part in it. According to the rules, each team will have 60 minutes to 2 rubbish as much as possible. Britain finally won the 3 prize. “We hope more people around the world will pay 4 to environmental problems,” said a British team member. When Ken, the founder (创始人) of the competition, was interviewed, he talked about how he 5 up with the idea. Several years ago, he found many sea animals died 6 they ate the rubbish in the sea. So he started to pick up rubbish on 7 way to the beach every morning. “Picking up a piece of rubbish may save a turtle’s (海龟的) 8 . It’s also a good way to keep the beach 9 .” In his eyes, changing people’s thoughts about rubbish was more important. “Picking up rubbish is meaningful and 10 ,” added Ken. “Now, I am glad to hear that lots of people take part in it to protect our environment.” 【答案】 1. held 2. collect 3. first 4. attention 5. came 6. after 7. his 8. life 9. clean 10. helpful 【导语】本文主要讲述了2023年11月在亚洲举行的首届捡垃圾世界杯，介绍了比赛规则、获胜队伍以及创始人Ken发起比赛的初衷和意义。 【详解】1. 句意：2023年11月，首届捡垃圾世界杯在亚洲举行。此处需要一个动词过去分词，在句中构成一般过去时的被动语态，表示“被举办”。主语“the first Rubbish Collection World Cup”是动作的承受者，be+过去分词表被动，备选词held“举办”，为过去分词，符合语境。 2. 句意：根据规则，每队将有60分钟尽可能多地收集垃圾。此处需要一个动词原形，在不定式符号to后作目的状语，have time to do sth“有时间做某事”，to后接动词原形，collect rubbish表示“收集垃圾”，备选词collect“收集”符合语境。 3. 句意：英国最终获得了一等奖。此处需要形容词修饰名词“prize”，表示“第一”。固定搭配：win the first prize意为“获得一等奖”，备选词first“第一的”符合语境。 4. 句意：一名英国队员说：“我们希望世界上更多的人能够关注环境问题。”此处需要一个名词，作pay的宾语，表示“注意力”。固定搭配：pay attention to意为“关注，注意”，备选词attention构成此固定搭配，符合语境。 5. 句意：这项比赛的创始人Ken接受采访时，讲述了他是如何想出这个主意的。此处需要一个动词过去式，在宾语从句中作谓语，表示“想出”。固定短语：come up with意为“想出(主意)”，主句时态为一般过去时，从句时态保持一致，被窜词come的过去式为came符合语境。 6. 句意：几年前，他发现许多海洋动物在吃了海里的垃圾后死亡。此处需要一个连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之后”。根据语义，动物是吃了海里垃圾之后死亡，备选词after“在……之后”符合语境。 7. 句意：所以他开始每天早上在去海滩的路上捡垃圾。此处需要形容词性物主代词，修饰名词“way”，固定搭配：on one’s way to…“在某人去……的路上”，主语是he，对应的物主代词是his，备选词he的形容词性物主代词his符合语境。 8. 句意：捡一片垃圾可能会挽救一只海龟的生命。此处需要一个名词，作save的宾语，表示拯救乌龟的生命。名词所有格turtle’s后接名词，save one’s life意为“挽救生命”，备选词life符合语境。 9. 句意：这也是保持海滩清洁的好方法。此处需要形容词，作宾语补足语，固定结构：keep sth.+形容词，意为“使某物保持某种状态”，此处表示使海滩保持清洁，备选词clean“干净的”符合语境。 10. 句意：Ken补充道：“捡拾垃圾既有意义又有益。”此处需要形容词，和meaningful并列作表语，and连接并列形容词，备选词help的形容词形式为helpful符合语境。 Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空一词，每词限用一次。 part     or     answer     develop     slow     get     stop     deep      rose     a Can roses really grow in the desert? The 1 is yes. Yutian in Xinjiang has perfect conditions to grow some special 2 . It has 3 long history of rose growing. In the past, roses were mainly made into rose jam (酱). But in recent years, they have played an important 4 in keeping the desert from growing. Roses’ roots (根) go down over three meters 5 and make the sand stay close around the plants. In just two 6 three years, a single rose can grow into a group. These rose groups can 7 down the wind’s speed. Growing roses in the desert has greatly changed the local people’s life. “Last year, my family 8 63,000 yuan just from growing roses,” a farmer said. “It brings in income (收入) and helps to 9 the desert from growing. That’s something to be proud of.” he added. Today, Yutian’s rose industry has 10 a lot. Over 30 rose products are now sold across China. The roses from this dry land are now reaching far and wide markets. 【答案】 1. answer 2. roses 3. a 4. part 5. deep 6. or 7. slow 8. got 9. stop 10. developed 【导语】本文介绍新疆于田沙漠玫瑰的种植情况，讲述玫瑰既可以防风固沙，又带动当地增收，当地玫瑰产业也得到蓬勃发展。        【详解】1. 句意：玫瑰真的能在沙漠里生长吗？答案是肯定的。此处作主语，需要一个名词；结合问句“Can roses really grow in the desert?”可知，下文是在回答“玫瑰能否在沙漠生长”这一问题，answer表示“答案”，符合语意，所以选择answer。 2. 句意：新疆于田有种植一些特殊玫瑰的良好条件。此处作宾语，需要一个名词；结合后文多次出现“Roses’ roots”“a single rose”“rose products”可知，文章介绍的是于田种植玫瑰的情况，rose的复数形式roses表示“玫瑰”，符合语意，所以选择roses。 3. 句意：它有着悠久的玫瑰种植历史。此处修饰单数可数名词“long history”，需要一个不定冠词；“a long history”表示“悠久的历史”，且a用于辅音音素开头的long前，符合固定搭配，所以选择a。 4. 句意：但近年来，玫瑰在防止沙漠扩大方面发挥了重要作用。此处作“an important”的中心名词，需要一个名词；结合“play an important part in...”这一固定搭配，表示“在……中发挥重要作用”，后面“in keeping the desert from growing”说明玫瑰对防止沙漠扩大起到重要作用，所以选择part。 5. 句意：玫瑰的根深入地下三米多，并使沙子紧紧地留在植物周围。此处修饰动词短语“go down”，需要一个副词；结合“over three meters”以及根向地下延伸的特点可知，此处强调根向地下延伸的深度，deep表示“深深地”，符合语意，所以选择deep。 6. 句意：仅仅两三年，一株玫瑰就能长成一片玫瑰群。此处连接“two”和“three”两个并列数字，表示“两三年”；or表示“或者”，用于“two or three”这一结构，符合语意，所以选择or。 7. 句意：这些玫瑰群可以减缓风的速度。此处位于情态动词“can”后，需要用动词原形；结合“rose groups”能够阻挡风、降低风速这一作用可知，slow down表示“减缓”，是固定搭配，所以选择slow。 8. 句意：去年，我的家人仅靠种植玫瑰就赚了63000元。此处作谓语；结合时间状语“Last year”可知句子使用一般过去时，get表示“得到、获得”，过去式为got；“got 63,000 yuan”表示“赚得63000元”，符合语意，所以选择got。 9. 句意：它带来收入，并帮助阻止沙漠扩大。此处位于“help to”后，需要用动词原形；结合“helps to”以及前文“keeping the desert from growing”可知，此处表达玫瑰种植能够防止沙漠扩大，stop表示“阻止”，stop ... from doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”，所以选择stop。 10. 句意：如今，于田的玫瑰产业已经有了很大发展。此处作“has”的谓语，需要用过去分词构成现在完成时；结合“Today”以及后文“Over 30 rose products are now sold across China”可知，玫瑰产业从过去到现在取得了明显发展，develop表示“发展”，过去分词为developed，所以选择developed。 2 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 2 Greener Planet, Better Home （新教材仁爱版） （现在完成时（II）、前缀 re-） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了现在完成时（II）与前缀 re- 的构成、核心用法、时段标志、延续性动词、同义转换及典型例句，清晰呈现其时态特点与构词规律。 语法模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 现在完成时（II） 基本定义 表示过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在，常与 for/since 引导的时间状语连用 I have lived here for ten years.（我住在这里十年了。） 时段标志 for + 时间段；since + 时间点或一般过去时的从句 He has worked here since 2010.（他自2010年起在这里工作。） 谓语结构 肯定式：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 否定式：主语 + haven't / hasn't + 过去分词 She hasn't finished her homework yet.（她还没完成作业。） 疑问结构 How long + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ —How long have you been a volunteer?（你当志愿者多久了？） 延续性动词 leave→be away；buy→have；borrow→keep；join→be in；die→be dead；finish→be over He has been away from home for a week.（他离家一周了。） 易混辨析 非延续性动词不能与 for/since 引导的时间段连用，须改为相应延续性动词 I have kept the book for two weeks.（这本书我借了两周了。） 常见误区 延续性动词与时间段搭配错误；since 从句时态错误（应用一般过去时）；for 与 since 混用 —How long have you had it?（你买它多久了？） 前缀 re- 基本含义 re- 表示“again（再、重新）” reuse = use again（重新使用） 构词规则 直接加在动词前构成新动词，词性不变 build→rebuild；plant→replant 核心例词 reuse / replant / recycle / rebuild / review / rewrite We can recycle waste paper.（我们可以回收废纸。） 句中功能 构成及物动词，后接宾语或代词；可用于主动或被动 The old temple will be rebuilt.（古庙将被重建。） 同义转换 “动词 + again”常可转换为 re- 前缀动词 use…again = reuse；build…again = rebuild 使用注意事项 1. for 与 since 的区别：for 后接时间段（如 for ten years），since 后接时间点或一般过去时的从句（如 since 2010 / since he left），二者均与现在完成时连用，表示动作或状态持续的时间。 2. 延续性动词与非延续性动词：leave、buy、borrow、join、die、finish 等非延续性动词不能与 for/since 引导的时间段直接连用，需转换为延续性动词，如 leave→be away、buy→have、borrow→keep、join→be in、die→be dead、finish→be over。 3. How long 提问：对 for/since 引导的时间段提问用 How long；即使划线部分是 since 引导的时间状语从句，也用 How long 提问。 4. 同义句转换：for + 时间段与 since + 时间点/从句可以互相转换（如 for two years ↔ since two years ago）；“use…again”可与 “reuse” 互换。 5. 前缀 re- 的含义与构词：re- 表示 again（再、重新），直接加于动词前构成新动词，如 reuse、replant、recycle、rebuild、review、rewrite，词性不变。 6. 被动语态与现在完成时：现在完成时的被动结构为 have/has been + 过去分词；情态动词的被动结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，如 should be reused。 一、单项选择 1．The prefix re- in the word rebuild means ________. A．again B．not C．before D．without 2．The old man has lived in this peaceful village ________ 1998. A．for B．since C．in D．on 3．—How long ________ you ________ this English dictionary? —For half a year. A．have; borrowed B．have; bought C．have; kept D．have; lent 4．—________ have the Whites been in China? —Since 2019. A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．How far 5．His uncle ________ from the army for three years. He is a civilian now. A．has left B．left C．has been away D．was away 6．My brother ________ a member of the school band ________ 2021. A．has been; since B．was; since C．has been; for D．is; for 7．We can ________ the glass bottles instead of throwing them away. A．reuse B．rebuild C．review D．return 8．Tom ________ the football club for two terms and made many friends. A．has joined B．joined C．has been in D．joins 9．The broken wooden bridge ________ by the workers next month. A．rebuilds B．is rebuilt C．will be rebuilt D．has rebuilt 10．The famous writer ________ for ten years. His books are still loved by readers. A．has died B．died C．has been dead D．was dead 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．My family ________ (live) in this green city since 2010. 2．The students plan to ________ (plant) more trees on Tree Planting Day. 3．He ________ (work) as a volunteer in the park since he was twelve. 4．You can ________ (use) the reusable bag again to carry your books. 5．The old man ________ (be) away from his hometown for nearly thirty years. 6．We should ________ (review) the grammar points we have learned before the exam. 7．She ________ (keep) this book about wild animals for three weeks. 8．They ________ (study) the problem of air pollution for two years. 9．The city will start a project to ________ (build) a new park for the people. 10．We should ________ (recycle) the waste paper to protect the environment. 三、按要求完成句子 1．我们可以重新使用旧袋子。 We can ________ the old bags instead of buying new ones.（译成英语） 2．他们重新种植了花园里的花。 They ________ the flowers in the garden last spring.（译成英语） 3．那位老人已经在这个城市里住了二十年了。 The old man ________ ________ in the city ________ twenty years.（译成英语） 4．自从 2018 年以来，我的家乡变得越来越绿了。 My hometown ________ ________ greener and greener ________ 2018.（译成英语） 5．你成为环保俱乐部的一员多久了？ ________ ________ have you ________ a member of the environmental club?（译成英语） 6．这本书我已经借了三周了。 I ________ ________ this book ________ three weeks.（borrow 改为延续性动词） 7．他们离开家乡已经有五年了。 They ________ ________ ________ from their hometown for five years.（译成英语） 8．He has worked in this factory since 2010. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ has he worked in this factory? 9．They have lived here for twenty years. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ have they lived here? 10．We should reuse the waste water to water flowers. （改为被动语态） The waste water should ________ ________ to water flowers. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 Like most children growing up in the countryside, Mike loved being outdoors and traveled around every corner of the area. With a deep love of the land, he had a strong wish to 1 it. When Mike saw rubbish moving in the rivers, he got 2 . He knew he had to do something. While only in third grade, Mike started a group. Its purpose was to 3 the countryside and teach young people about pollution and its dangers. But Mike faced a problem. As he was 4 , he found it hard to speak out in public. However, with his mom’s help, Mike 5 got over his fear. He said, “I took responsibility (责任) and did what needed to be done. When your heart is into it, 6 will stop you. ” Mike worked hard to share his idea 7 the public. He handed out leaflets (传单) and even appeared on radio and TV. His efforts paid off. He won the 8 from several thousand people. And his group collected and recycled more than 22,000 pounds of rubbish. Now as a college student, Mike’s 9 stays the same. He often says, “I want to create a 10 life for my kids and grandkids. The countryside is beautiful. I want my kids to see it as I see it. ” 1. A．practice B．protect C．prepare 2. A．weak B．tired C．angry 3. A．clean up B．set up C．cheer up 4. A．shy B．proud C．polite 5. A．carefully B．successfully C．suddenly 6. A．anything B．nothing C．something 7. A．about B．for C．with 8. A．support B．answer C．chance 9. A．wish B．luck C．fear 10. A．busier B．harder C．better Passage 2 从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 According to experts, over 22,000 plastic bottles are thrown away every second, and the number is still growing. 1 a small part of them get recycled, most end up in the ocean. There, they break up into small pieces. Fish and birds often think of them 2 food by mistake, which is dangerous for them. Now, Robert has 3 up with an idea that may not solve the world’s plastic problems, but will at least make progress and hopefully inspire (鼓舞) others. He plans to use the plastic bottles to build a village in the forest of Bocas Del Toro, Panama. Robert is a Canadian businessman. He has been living in the central American country for many years. He started Bocas Del Toro’s 4 project in 2012, after noticing plastic waste being 5 thrown away on the island’s beautiful beaches. During one year and a half, Robert and his volunteers collected over a million plastic bottles! In 2015, he had the idea of using the 6 to build houses, and then the Plastic Bottle Village was born. The project is on an island in the Bocas Del Toro. It’s still in its beginning. So far, they have 7 only a number of houses. But if Robert has his way (如愿以偿), there will soon be a special community, and 90 to 120 8 will live in the Plastic Bottle Village. If he can raise enough money, Robert also plans to build an education center with student dormitories (宿舍). He wants 9 to learn how to use the plastic waste. Recycling plastic bottles is 10 in cutting down the amount of plastic that ends up in our oceans each year, but the smartest thing to do is to avoid them completely. So do your part. 1. A．Where B．While C．What 2. A．as B．to C．for 3. A．run B．look C．come 4. A．saving B．recycling C．planting 5. A．carefully B．happily C．carelessly 6. A．bottles B．boxes C．bags 7. A．bought B．built C．dreamed 8. A．rooms B．houses C．families 9. A．another B．other C．others 10. A．helpful B．harmful C．awful 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Zhang family has made a plan to do more to protect the environment. Each person 1 (have) his or her own job. Mr Zhang checks if the lights are off 2 no one is in the room. Mrs Zhang collects plastic bottles and other 3 (thing) from the kitchen. She puts them in a box for recycling. The children help clean the house and grow vegetables in the yard. They use rainwater 4 (water) the plants. Last weekend, the whole family 5 (take) part in a “Clean Community” activity. They picked up litter and talked to people 6 sorting waste. After cleaning all morning, they were tired but happy. The Zhangs think everyone should care about the earth, 7 small things can make a big difference. They also made 8 poster to show their green habits. They have already 9 (collect) more than 100 used bottles this month. Mr Zhang said it was the 10 (good) family project they had ever done. Passage 4 People in Sweden no longer need to pay for plastic bags when they go shopping. On November 1, the government ended its tax (税) on plastic bags, which was about $0.26 per bag, though some stores charged (收费) even higher prices. The government said that the use of plastic bags 1 (drop) greatly since the tax was introduced in 2020, and it believes the tax is no 2 (long) necessary. 3 , some worry that the use of plastic bags might go up again now that they are free, which could lead to more trash and environmental 4 (problem). In 2019, before shoppers had to pay 5 their bags, people in Sweden used 74 plastic bags per person every year. In 2023, they used 17 per person every year, which is much lower than the 6 (Europe) Union (欧盟) goal of 40 per person every year. But many people, including Sweden’s Environmental Protection Agency, think the tax should have been kept for longer. It is 7 (real) hoped that people will keep 8 (use) their own bags when shopping to help the environment. The agency said: “We don’t know what will happen now.” It added that it hoped stores and markets would still encourage people to bring 9 (they) own bags. The government said earlier that the tax had “certain bad effects (影响)”, such as 10 increase in the use of paper bags, and an increased need to buy more plastic bags for trash cans at home. 六、选词填空 Passage 5 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。每个单词只能 用一次。 after   held   attention   clean   he   collect   come   first   help   life Do you believe picking up rubbish has become a world competition? In November of 2023, the first Rubbish Collection World Cup was 1 in Asia. Teams from 21 countries took part in it. According to the rules, each team will have 60 minutes to 2 rubbish as much as possible. Britain finally won the 3 prize. “We hope more people around the world will pay 4 to environmental problems,” said a British team member. When Ken, the founder (创始人) of the competition, was interviewed, he talked about how he 5 up with the idea. Several years ago, he found many sea animals died 6 they ate the rubbish in the sea. So he started to pick up rubbish on 7 way to the beach every morning. “Picking up a piece of rubbish may save a turtle’s (海龟的) 8 . It’s also a good way to keep the beach 9 .” In his eyes, changing people’s thoughts about rubbish was more important. “Picking up rubbish is meaningful and 10 ,” added Ken. “Now, I am glad to hear that lots of people take part in it to protect our environment.” Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空一词，每词限用一次。 part     or     answer     develop     slow     get     stop     deep      rose     a Can roses really grow in the desert? The 1 is yes. Yutian in Xinjiang has perfect conditions to grow some special 2 . It has 3 long history of rose growing. In the past, roses were mainly made into rose jam (酱). But in recent years, they have played an important 4 in keeping the desert from growing. Roses’ roots (根) go down over three meters 5 and make the sand stay close around the plants. In just two 6 three years, a single rose can grow into a group. These rose groups can 7 down the wind’s speed. Growing roses in the desert has greatly changed the local people’s life. “Last year, my family 8 63,000 yuan just from growing roses,” a farmer said. “It brings in income (收入) and helps to 9 the desert from growing. That’s something to be proud of.” he added. Today, Yutian’s rose industry has 10 a lot. Over 30 rose products are now sold across China. The roses from this dry land are now reaching far and wide markets. 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $