Unit 4 A World of Words 后缀-able和被动语态（一般将来时）核心语法精练【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语九年级上册（仁爱科普版）

该初中英语学习任务单聚焦仁爱版新教材九年级Unit 4“A World of Words”，核心目标为掌握后缀-able构词规则及一般将来时被动语态。学案通过表格系统梳理构词规则、核心例词与易混辨析，结合单项选择、填空、句子转换等递进式任务，构建“规则理解-专项突破-综合应用”的完整学习路径。 亮点在于思维导图辅助知识可视化，通过完形填空、短文填空等语境化练习，将语法点融入语篇理解与表达，培养语言能力和思维品质。例如“主动表被动”辨析题引导学生分析语境差异，提升语法应用准确性。资料涵盖多样化题型与详细解析，为学生单元复习提供分层支持，也为教师实施针对性教学提供清晰指导。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 4 A World of Words （新教材仁爱版） （后缀 -able 和被动语态（一般将来时）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了后缀 -able 的构词规则、核心例词与易混辨析，以及被动语态（一般将来时）的构成、否定疑问与常见主动表被动情形，清晰呈现其构词规律与语法特点。 模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 后缀 -able 基本含义 动词 + -able → 形容词，表示“可被……的；能够……的”，语义自带被动含义 read→readable（可读的）；enjoy→enjoyable（令人愉快的） 拼写规则 去 e：value→valuable、remove→removable；保留 e（-ce/-ge 结尾）：change→changeable、notice→noticeable、agree→agreeable；辅音 + y 结尾变 y 为 i：rely→reliable 中考阶段 -able 一般无双写情况 核心例词 enjoyable / comfortable / suitable / valuable / available / changeable / readable / acceptable The app is available to everyone.（这款应用人人可下载。） 易混辨析 -able 加在完整动词后（enjoyable、valuable）；-ible 词根不完整、不能单独作动词，中考只记 possible、terrible、horrible possible（可能的）；terrible（可怕的） 句式考点 It is + 形容词(-able) + to do sth.；be suitable for…（适合……）；make + 宾语 + 形容词 It is enjoyable to read the book.（读这本书很愉快。） 被动语态（一般将来时） 基本概念 主语是动作的承受者，而非发出者 English will be taught in more schools.（英语将在更多学校被教授。） 谓语结构 一般将来时被动：will be + 过去分词 The bridge will be built next year.（这座桥将于明年建成。） 否定与疑问 否定：will not be + 过去分词 一般疑问：Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ —Will the work be finished?（这项工作将会完成吗？） 基本用法 强调动作承受者；用 by 引出执行者；执行者不明或泛指时常用被动 It is said that technology will change our life.（据说科技将改变我们的生活。） 主动表被动 某些动词用主动形式表被动：说明性质（lock/open/read/sell/wash/write）；连系动词（smell/feel/taste/sound）；need/want/require + doing 及 be worth doing The cloth washes well.（这种布很好洗。） 使用注意事项 1. 后缀 -able 构成形容词：动词直接加 -able，意为“可……的；能被……的”，语义自带被动含义，如 readable（读得进去的）、enjoyable（令人愉快的）。 2. 拼写三规则：去 e（value→valuable、remove→removable）；以 -ce/-ge 结尾须保留 e（change→changeable、notice→noticeable、agree→agreeable）；辅音字母 + y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -able（rely→reliable）。中考阶段一般无双写。 3. -able 与 -ible 区分：-able 加在完整动词后（enjoyable、valuable）；-ible 词根不完整、本身不能作动词，中考阶段只记 possible、terrible、horrible 三个高频词。 4. 一般将来时被动结构：will be + 过去分词；否定 will not be + 过去分词；一般疑问 Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？；特殊疑问 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ 5. 被动语态用法：强调动作承受者；用 by 引出动作执行者；执行者不明或泛指时常用被动（如 It is said/reported that… 固定句式）。 6. 主动形式表被动：说明主语性质特征的动词（lock、open、read、sell、wash、write）、连系动词（smell、feel、taste、sound）以及 need/want/require + doing、be worth doing 均用主动形式表达被动意义。 一、单项选择 1．The new library ______ in our town next year. A．builds B．built C．will build D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：明年我们镇上将要建一座新图书馆。时间状语 next year 表明用一般将来时；主语 The new library 与动词 build 之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态 will be + 过去分词，build 的过去分词是 built。故选 D。 2．The free learning apps on the website are ______ for everyone to download. A．enjoy B．enjoyable C．available D．changeable 【答案】C 【详解】句意：网站上的免费学习应用人人都可以下载。空格位于 be 动词 are 之后，需用形容词作表语；available 意为“可获得的、可下载的”，符合“人人可下载”的语境。故选 C。 3．This science book is ______ the teenagers who love space stories. A．suitable for B．suitable to C．suit for D．suited for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本科学书适合喜欢太空故事的青少年。固定短语 be suitable for 意为“适合……”，for 后接对象。故选 A。 4．The ______ advice from the old scientist is very helpful to us. A．value B．valuable C．valuably D．valued 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那位老科学家宝贵的建议对我们很有帮助。空格修饰名词 advice，需用形容词；value 的形容词形式 valuable 意为“有价值的、宝贵的”。故选 B。 5．The weather in spring is very ______; it may be sunny one moment and rainy the next. A．change B．changeable C．changed D．changing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：春天的天气非常多变的，可能这一刻晴天下一刻就下雨。空格位于 be 动词 is 之后，需用形容词；change 加 -able 变为形容词 changeable，意为“多变的”。故选 B。 6．—______ the sports meeting ______ next week? —No, it will be put off to next month. A．Will; hold B．Will; be held C．Is; held D．Does; hold 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——运动会将于下周举行吗？——不，它将被推迟到下个月。主语 the sports meeting 与 hold 之间是被动关系，且 next week 表将来，需用一般将来时被动语态的一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？hold 的过去分词为 held。故选 B。 7．With hard work and a clear plan, success is ______ for everyone. A．possible B．possibly C．impossibly D．impossible 【答案】A 【详解】句意：有了努力和清晰的计划，对每个人来说成功都是可能的。空格位于 be 动词 is 之后，需用形容词；possible 意为“可能的”，符合语境。故选 A。 8．The famous novel was written ______ a writer who came from the south. A．by B．with C．for D．to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部著名的小说是出自一位来自南方的作家之手。被动语态中用 by 引出动作的执行者。故选 A。 9．This kind of silk cloth ______ very well, so it sells quickly in the shop. A．is washed B．washes C．wash D．is washing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这种丝绸布料很好洗，所以在店里卖得很快。说明主语性质的动词（wash、sell、read 等）用主动形式表达被动意义，主语 cloth 为单数，动词用 washes。故选 B。 10．A birthday party ______ for the little girl by her parents tomorrow evening. A．will hold B．will be held C．held D．holds 【答案】B 【详解】句意：明天晚上父母将为小女孩举办一个生日聚会。主语 A birthday party 与 hold 之间是被动关系，tomorrow evening 表将来，用一般将来时被动语态 will be held。故选 B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The soft chair makes me feel very ______ (comfort). 【答案】comfortable 【详解】句意：这把柔软的椅子让我感觉很舒适。make sb. + 形容词表示“使某人……”；comfort 加 -able 变为形容词 comfortable，意为“舒适的”。 2．With the new method, our dream of flying to the moon will be ______ (achieve). 【答案】achievable 【详解】句意：有了新方法，我们飞向月球的梦想将得以实现。一般将来时被动 will be + 过去分词，achieve 的形容词（可作表语）形式 achievable 意为“可实现的”。 3．This dictionary is very ______ (use) for English beginners. 【答案】useful 【详解】句意：这本词典对英语初学者非常有用。空格位于 be 动词 is 之后，需用形容词；use 加 -ful（而非 -able）构成 useful，意为“有用的”。 4．My neighbor is a ______ (rely) person; you can trust him with your keys. 【答案】reliable 【详解】句意：我的邻居是个可靠的人，你可以把钥匙托付给他。修饰名词 person 需要形容词，rely 变 y 为 i 加 -able 构成 reliable，意为“可靠的”。 5．The price of the ticket is ______ (afford) for most middle school students. 【答案】affordable 【详解】句意：这张票的价格对大多数中学生来说都负担得起。空格位于 be 动词 is 之后，需用形容词；afford 加 -able 构成 affordable，意为“买得起的、价格合理的”。 6．The advice she gave was very ______ (value) to our project. 【答案】valuable 【详解】句意：她给出的建议对我们的项目很有价值。空格位于 be 动词 was 之后，需用形容词；value 去 e 加 -able 构成 valuable，意为“有价值的”。 7．The whole project will be ______ (finish) by the end of this month. 【答案】finished 【详解】句意：整个项目将于本月底完成。主语 The whole project 与 finish 之间是被动关系，且 by the end of this month 表将来，用一般将来时被动语态 will be finished。 8．A new hospital will be ______ (build) in the east of the city next year. 【答案】built 【详解】句意：明年城东将建一座新医院。一般将来时被动 will be + 过去分词，build 的过去分词为 built。 9．His handwriting is clear and ______ (read), so the teacher can check it easily. 【答案】readable 【详解】句意：他的书写清晰易读，所以老师能轻松批改。并列形容词，read 加 -able 构成 readable，意为“可读的、清晰的”。 10．The suggestion was ______ (accept) by the whole class at last. 【答案】accepted 【详解】句意：这个建议最终被全班接受了。主语 The suggestion 与 accept 之间是被动关系，且 at last 表明动作发生在过去，用一般过去时被动语态 was accepted。 三、按要求完成句子 1．这本词典明天将被翻译成英文。 The dictionary ________ ________ ________ ________ English tomorrow. 【答案】 will be translated into 【详解】句意：这本词典明天将被翻译成英文。“被翻译成”是关键词，translate 的被动形式为 be translated；时间状语 tomorrow 与一般将来时连用，构成 will be translated，into 表示“译成（某种语言）”。故填 will；be；translated；into。 2．据说这座新桥明年将被建成。 It is said that the new bridge ________ ________ ________ next year. 【答案】 will be built 【详解】句意：据说这座新桥明年将被建成。核心含义“被建成”，build 的过去分词为 built；next year 表示将来，主语 bridge 与 build 构成被动，用一般将来时的被动语态 will be built。 3．这些新单词将在明天的课上被使用。 These new words ________ ________ ________ in tomorrow's class. 【答案】 will be used 【详解】句意：这些新单词将在明天的课上被使用。“被使用”是关键词，use 的过去分词为 used；主语 words 与 use 构成被动，tomorrow's class 表将来，用 will be used。 4．这本书非常令人愉快。 This book is very ________. 【答案】 enjoyable 【详解】句意：这本书非常令人愉快。空格位于 be 动词 is 与 very 之后，需用形容词作表语；enjoy 的形容词形式 enjoyable 意为“令人愉快的”。 5．房间里的灯将被打开。 The lights in the room ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 will be turned on 【详解】句意：房间里的灯将被打开。“被打开”是关键词，turn 的过去分词为 turned，与 on 构成短语；主语 lights 与 turn on 构成被动，用一般将来时被动 will be turned on。 6．这些苹果可以被数清楚。 These apples can ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 be counted 【详解】句意：这些苹果可以被数清楚。“被数”是关键词，count 的过去分词为 counted；情态动词 can 后的被动为 can be counted。 7．玻璃被用来做窗户。 Glass ________ ________ ________ windows. 【答案】 is used for 【详解】句意：玻璃被用来做窗户。“被用于……”用 be used for，后接名词或动名词；主语 Glass 视为单数，be 动词用 is。 8．The new school will be built in our village.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ the new school ________ ________? 【答案】 Where will be built 【详解】句意：这所新学校将建在我们村。对地点状语 in our village 提问用 Where；被动语态一般将来时的特殊疑问句为 Where will the new school be built?。故填 Where；will；be；built。 9．These books will be translated into Chinese next month.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ these books ________ ________? 【答案】 When will be translated 【详解】句意：这些书将于下月被翻译成中文。对时间状语 next month 提问用 When；被动语态一般将来时的特殊疑问句为 When will these books be translated into Chinese?（into Chinese 为原句保留部分）。故填 When；will；be；translated。 10．一场篮球比赛将于本周五被举行。 A basketball match ________ ________ ________ this Friday. 【答案】 will be held 【详解】句意：一场篮球比赛将于本周五被举行。“被举行”是关键词，hold 的过去分词为 held；this Friday 表将来，主语 match 与 hold 构成被动，用一般将来时被动 will be held。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 Emojis are everywhere these days. People send them to friends, family members, and even people they just met. So what makes these cute little pictures so 1 ? First, emojis set the tone of the conversation. Emojis help make every conversation 2 more friendly and positive. Using them is an easy way to show your warm and cheerful side. Besides, emojis can explain your feelings well without 3 a word. Just click on a suitable emoji, and the person you’re talking with will immediately know 4 you’re happy, upset, angry, or disappointed. What’s more, they also bring creativity and fun, turning simple talks into 5 visual (视觉的) exchanges. However, emojis also have their disadvantages. Sometimes, an emoji can mean something different from what we think, which can easily lead to 6 . Take the “folded hands” emoji as a(n) 7 . Some people think it means “thank you”, while others might think you’re saying “I’m praying” or just giving a high five. So what should we keep in mind when using emojis? First, match them to the situation. 8 the fun emojis for talks with friends. But in formal cases, like messaging a teacher or having a serious talk, it’s best to use clear and polite words. 9 piece of advice is to pair your words with emojis. For example, try also writing “I’m so happy!” 10 just sending a smile emoji. 1. A．interesting B．popular C．common 2. A．feel B．sound C．seem 3. A．telling B．saying C．expressing 4. A．that B．if C．whether 5. A．amazing B．alive C．lively 6. A．misunderstandings B．mistakes C．tricks 7. A．gift B．example C．introduction 8. A．Buy B．Leave C．Save 9. A．Another B．The other C．Other 10. A．rather than B．except for C．instead of 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨表情符号在交流中的流行原因、优点（定调、表达情感、增添活力）与缺点（可能引起误解），并提出使用建议。 【详解】1. 句意：那么是什么让这些可爱的小图片如此受欢迎呢？ 前文提到“Emojis are everywhere these days”，说明它们无处不在，因此问的是为什么受欢迎，选popular（受欢迎的）。interesting（有趣的）和common（常见的）均不如popular贴合“无处不在”带来的流行感。 2. 句意：表情符号有助于使每次对话看起来更友好和积极。 引用上一句“First, emojis set the tone of the conversation.”，表情符号设定对话的基调，也就是让对话给人的主观感受变得友好积极，因此用feel表示“感觉”。sound多用于听觉“听起来”，seem侧重客观表象“似乎”，都不如feel贴合“内心感受”的语境。 3. 句意：表情符号不用说话就能很好地解释你的感受。 该空位于介词without之后，需填动名词，且后接a word。saying a word表示“说一句话”，符合语境；telling（告诉）和expressing（表达）均不与a word直接搭配，且表达含义不如saying自然。 4. 句意：对方会立即知道你是否开心、沮丧、生气或失望。 后文列举“happy, upset, angry, disappointed”等多种情绪，说明对方需要知道是哪一种状态，whether... or... 为固定搭配，表示“是……还是……”。that不表疑问，if不如whether正式。 5. 句意：更重要的是，他们还带来了创造力和乐趣，将简单的谈话变成了生动的视觉交流。 该空修饰visual exchanges，强调对话变得有活力，用lively。amazing（令人惊讶的）和alive（活着的）均不如lively贴合“对话变生动”的语境。 6. 句意：有时一个表情符号的含义可能与我们认为的不同，这容易导致误解。 前文提到“mean something different”，即含义不同，因此容易产生误解，选misunderstandings（误解）。mistakes（错误）和tricks（把戏）均不符合“含义差异”带来的后果。 7. 句意：以“合十”表情符号为例。 固定搭配take...as an example表示“以……为例”，因此选example。gift和introduction均不构成该搭配。 8. 句意：把有趣的表情符号留给朋友间的交谈。 前文建议根据场合使用表情符号，此处表示“保留”有趣的表情用于朋友间，选Save。Buy和Leave均不符合“根据场合选择性使用”的逻辑。 9. 句意：另一条建议是把文字和表情符号搭配使用。 前文“First, match them to the situation.”先给出第一条建议，文章没有限定总共只有两条建议，another后接单数名词，表示众多建议里的又一条；the other用于两者中剩余的一个，此处只是先后提出建议，并没有说明建议只有两条；other后接不可数名词时多指多条建议，不符合本句引出单条建议的语境，故排除。 10. 句意：试着写下“我很开心！”而不是只发一个微笑表情。 此处表示“而不是”，后接动名词sending，用instead of。rather than也可表示“而不是”，但通常后接动词原形或名词；except for表示“除了”，不符合语境。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I started to learn Chinese in middle school, but I didn’t do well then. As time passed, I began to 1 to understand Chinese language basics. For example, I didn’t know how to 2 and write the Chinese characters correctly. When I met new Chinese characters, I knew nothing but their meanings. 3 , after high school, I entered a college in China. The Chinese lessons here started with the basics. My Chinese teacher, Mr. Yang, 4 us the basics I never knew before. He guided us very well. He 5 us how to write each Chinese character step by step. The class was online, but I thought it was 6 and interesting. Mr. Yang let us practice pronouncing Chinese words after him. Besides, he always asked us to take a picture of our Chinese character writing and send it to him so that he could correct the 7 for us. If I had a question in class, I could ask him directly. Then he would discuss and explain the 8 with the whole class. I really learnt a lot from his lessons. 9 , listening to the teacher carefully in class is the most important in learning Chinese. Chinese may be the hardest 10 to learn. But as the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there’s a way.” I believe that with a lot of hard work and such a kind teacher’s help, I will learn it well. 1. A．fail B．plan C．repeat 2. A．practice B．pronounce C．provide 3. A．Again B．Luckily C．Instead 4. A．punished B．asked C．taught 5. A．showed B．offered C．admired 6. A．terrible B．difficult C．enjoyable 7. A．examples B．attention C．mistakes 8. A．answer B．secret C．conversation 9. A．However B．In fact C．By accident 10. A．language B．sentence C．grammar 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文讲述作者中学学中文效果不佳，后在中国大学遇良师，通过努力学好中文的经历，强调了毅力与方法的重要性。 【详解】1. 句意：随着时间流逝，我开始未能理解中文语言基础。 fail to do sth是固定搭配，意为“没能做成某事”。前文提到中学学中文学不好，后文举例说自己不会读写汉字，符合“依旧没能理解中文基础”的逻辑，应用fail。plan“计划”，repeat“重复”，不符合逻辑。 2. 句意：例如，我不知道如何正确发音和书写汉字。 and连接并列动作，后文是write the Chinese characters，此处对应“发音/读”汉字，符合学习汉字的两个基本要求，也和后面“除了意思什么也不知道”呼应，应用pronounce。practice“练习”，provide“提供”，不符合逻辑。 3. 句意：幸运的是，高中毕业后，我进入了中国的一所大学。 前文说自己之前学不好中文，后文说到中国上大学、老师从头教基础，这是很幸运的转折，所以用Luckily。Again“再次”，Instead“代替”，不符合逻辑。 4. 句意：我的中文老师杨老师教了我们以前不知道的基础知识。 杨老师是语文老师，教给“我”之前没懂的基础，taught符合老师的行为。punished“惩罚”，asked“询问”，不符合逻辑。 5. 句意：他一步步向我们展示如何写每个汉字。 show sb how to do sth表示“向某人展示如何做某事”，此处指老师给学生展示书写过程，应用showed。offered“提供”，admired“羡慕”，不符合逻辑。 6. 句意：课程是在线的，但我认为它是令人愉快且有趣的。 and连接并列的褒义词，和interesting并列，enjoyable“令人愉快的”符合语境。terrible“糟糕的”，difficult“困难的”，不符合逻辑。 7. 句意：此外，他总让我们把汉字书写拍成照片发给他，以便他能为我们纠正错误。 固定搭配correct mistakes意为“纠正错误”，老师收学生写字的照片是为了纠正书写错误，mistakes符合逻辑。examples“例子”，attention“注意力”，不符合逻辑。 8. 句意：然后他会与全班讨论并解释答案。 学生提出问题，老师会与全班讨论并解释问题的答案，answer符合语境。secret“秘密”，conversation“对话”，不符合逻辑。 9. 句意：事实上，课上认真听讲是学习中文最重要的。 前文说自己收获很多，此处引出自己总结的感悟“事实上，认真听课是学中文最重要的事”，In fact符合逻辑。However“然而”，By accident“偶然”，不符合逻辑。 10. 句意：中文可能是最难学的语言。 中文本身是一门语言，此处指中文或许是最难学的语言，language符合语义。sentence“句子”，grammar“语法”，不符合逻辑。 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Body language is an important part of communication. 1 , different cultures have different ways of using body language. For example, in Japan, people bow when they meet. They also bow to say “thank you”, “goodbye”, “sorry” or 2 (ask) for help. In Canada and China, people wave to say “hello” or “goodbye”. 3 China, nodding means agreement. But in India, it is quite the 4 . Nodding means “no”, 5 shaking the head from side to side means “yes”. In most countries, it is bad manners 6 (use) your finger to wave someone to come to you. So we must be careful when we 7 (communicate) with people from different cultures. 8 (learn) about cultural differences in body language can help us avoid misunderstandings 9 make better connections with others. It is 10 (real) important to respect different customs and traditions. 【答案】 1. However 2. to ask 3. In 4. opposite 5. while 6. to use 7. communicate 8. Learning 9. and 10. really 【导语】本文主要介绍了肢体语言是交流的重要一部分，不同国家肢体语言含义存在文化差异，了解这些差异可以避免误解，我们应当尊重不同的风俗传统。 【详解】1. 句意：肢体语言是交流重要的一部分。然而，不同文化有着使用肢体语言的不同方式。前后句存在转折关系，however意为“然而”，位于句首首字母大写。 2. 句意：他们也鞠躬来表达“谢谢你”、“再见”、“对不起”或者求助。固定搭配“ask for help”意为“求助”，此处or连接并列不定式，表示目的。 3. 句意：在中国，点头表示同意。表示在某个国家，介词用in，位于句首首字母大写。 4. 句意：但是在印度，情况恰恰相反。固定搭配quite the opposite意为“恰恰相反”，opposite为名词，意为“对立面，相反情况”。 5. 句意：点头表示“不”，而把头左右摇晃表示“是”。while用作连词，意为“然而”，用于对比两个分句。 6. 句意：在大多数国家，用手指召唤别人过来是不礼貌的。固定句型“it is bad manners to do sth.”意为“做某事是不礼貌的”，it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式。 7. 句意：所以当我们和来自不同文化的人交流时必须小心。时间状语从句主语是we，全文为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。 8. 句意：了解肢体语言上的文化差异可以帮助我们避免误解。本空在句中作主语，动名词可以充当句子主语，learn的动名词learning，句首首字母大写。 9. 句意：了解肢体语言上的文化差异可以帮助我们避免误解，并且和别人建立更好的联系。“avoid misunderstandings”与“make better connections with others”是并列的动作，用并列连词and。 10. 句意：尊重不同的风俗和传统真的很重要。副词修饰形容词important，real的副词形式really，意为“真正地”。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Can you speak more than one language? Being able to 1 (communication) with people in another language is a great way to make friends 2 feel more confident. Language includes speaking, writing and using hand and face movements known as body language. Every year, the United Nations 3 (celebrate) the six most widely used languages in the world. Days such as Chinese Language Day on April 20th, and Spanish Language Day on April 23rd, are good 4 (chance) to try learning a new language. Speaking another language helps you talk to people you may not understand, and makes you feel more connected with them. One 5 the researchers Havarta says speaking two different languages 6 (mean) she can talk to her relatives in another country. This makes her feel closer to her cousins because they’re able to share 7 (they) ideas. Studies also show that being 8 (ability) to speak two languages exercises the brain. Jean is a language teacher. She finds it’s 9 (easy) to learn words that she can hear, rather than just from books. “For example, the lyrics of a song are more memorable (难忘的) because they can be 10 (hear) and sung,” she says. Don’t think that you have no talent in learning languages. Giving yourself much more time to find new ways, you are sure to make progress and master a new language. 【答案】 1. communicate 2. and 3. celebrates 4. chances 5. of 6. means 7. their 8. able 9. easier 10. heard 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕多语言学习展开介绍，说明了语言的构成与联合国语言日的相关活动，阐述了掌握双语对人际交往、大脑锻炼的益处，并结合教学经验给出语言学习的实用建议。 【详解】1. 句意：能够用另一种语言与人交流是交朋友并且感到更自信的好方法。be able to为固定搭配，后接动词原形，提示词communication是名词，需转换为动词形式communicate，意为“交流”。 2. 句意：能够用另一种语言与人交流是交朋友并且感到更自信的好方法。结合“make friends”与“feel more confident”可知，此处连接并列的动词短语，二者共同作不定式结构修饰前面的名词“way”，表并列关系需填入并列连词and。 3. 句意：每年，联合国都会庆祝世界上使用最广泛的六种语言。时间状语“Every year”表明句子时态为一般现在时，主语“the United Nations”为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式celebrates。 4. 句意：像4月20日的中文语言日和4月23日的西班牙语言日这样的日子，都是尝试学习新语言的好机会。句子主语“Days”表示多个语言日，系动词为are，表语应为复数形式chances。 5. 句意：研究人员之一哈瓦尔塔表示，会说两种不同的语言意味着她可以和另一个国家的亲戚交流。结合“One…the researchers”可知，此处表示“研究人员之一”，“one of+可数名词复数”表示“……之一”，为固定搭配，应填入介词of。 6. 句意：研究人员之一哈瓦尔塔表示，会说两种不同的语言意味着她可以和另一个国家的亲戚交流。结合“Havarta says speaking two different languages…”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，动名词短语“speaking two different languages”在宾语从句中作主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式means。 7. 句意：这让她感觉与表亲更亲近，因为他们能够分享他们的想法。空格后是名词“ideas”，需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，人称代词they对应的形容词性物主代词是their。 8. 句意：研究还表明，能够说两种语言可以锻炼大脑。“being”后接形容词作表语，ability的形容词形式为able，表示“有能力的”，构成“be able to do sth”固定搭配，意为“能够做某事”，应填入able。 9. 句意：她发现，学习她能听到的单词比仅仅从书本上学习更容易。句中“rather than”体现了“听觉学习”和“书本学习”两者的对比，需用形容词比较级，easy的比较级为easier。 10. 句意：她说：“例如，歌曲的歌词更令人难忘，因为它们可以被听到并跟着唱。”主语“they”指代歌词，和动词hear之间是被动关系，结合“can be”可知，此处为情态动词的被动语态，结构为“can be+动词过去分词”，hear的过去分词是heard。 六、选词填空 Passage 5 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 culture, foreign, bow, wave, official, agree, different, finger, travel, great When you meet 1 , you should learn some body language from different 2 . In Japan, people 3 when they meet each other. In Canada, people 4 hands to greet each other. English is the 5 language of many countries around the world. If you nod your head in China, you show your 6 However, it means something 7 in India. When you 8 in Russia, you can see beautiful Matryoshka dolls. They are one of the 9 Russian gifts. Don’t use your 10 to call people in most foreign countries. It is bad manners. 【答案】 1. foreigners 2. cultures 3. bow 4. wave 5. official 6. agreement 7. different 8. travel 9. greatest 10. finger 【导语】本文介绍了不同国家的肢体语言和文化差异，包括见面礼仪、官方语言以及旅行时的注意事项等。 【详解】1. 句意：当你遇到外国人时，你应该从不同的文化中学习一些肢体语言。根据“When you meet...”可知，此处是说遇到外国人，备选词foreign“外国的”符合语境，此处应用名词复数形式foreigners表示泛指一类人。 2. 句意：你应该从不同的文化中学习一些肢体语言。根据“from different...”可知，此处是说不同的文化，备选词culture“文化”符合语境，different后接可数名词复数，故用复数形式cultures。 3. 句意：在日本，人们见面时互相鞠躬。根据“In Japan, people...when they meet each other.”可知，此处是说日本人的见面礼仪，备选词bow“鞠躬”符合语境，主语people为复数，句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，动词用原形。 4. 句意：在加拿大，人们挥手来互相问候。根据“In Canada, people...hands to greet each other.”可知，此处是说用手势问候，备选词wave“挥手”符合语境，主语people为复数，句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，动词用原形。 5. 句意：英语是世界上许多国家的官方语言。根据“English is the...language”可知，此处是说官方语言，备选词official“官方的”符合语境，作形容词修饰名词language。 6. 句意：如果你在中国点头，表示你同意。根据“you show your...”可知，此处是说表示同意，备选词agree“同意”符合语境，your后接名词，故用名词形式agreement。 7. 句意：然而在印度，它意味着完全不同的东西。根据“means something...”可知，此处是说含义不同，备选词different“不同的”符合语境，修饰不定代词something，置于其后。 8. 句意：当你在俄罗斯旅行时，你可以看到美丽的套娃。根据“When you...in Russia”可知，此处是说在俄罗斯旅行，备选词travel“旅行”符合语境，主语you为第二人称，句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时，动词用原形。 9. 句意：它们是最棒的俄罗斯礼物之一。根据“one of the...Russian gifts”可知，此处是说最好的礼物之一，one of the后接形容词最高级，备选词great“极好的”符合语境，其最高级为greatest。 10. 句意：在大多数外国国家，不要用你的手指叫人。根据“Don’t use your...to call people”可知，此处是说用手指指人，备选词finger“手指”符合语境，your后接名词，此处用单数形式finger。 Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 deaf, spell, expression, imitate, native, widely, tourism, thankful, infer, understand Sign language is very important for 1 people. They can 2 letters with their fingers. Besides, they also use facial 3 when they talk. When we learn foreign languages, we can 4 how native speakers talk. This imitation method helps us 5 the speech better. We can also 6 the meanings of new words from text‑clues. English is 7 used all over the world. Many 8 speakers of English travel to other countries with the development of 9 . We should be 10 for these good ways of language‑learning. 【答案】 1. deaf 2. spell 3. expressions 4. imitate 5. understand 6. infer 7. widely 8. native 9. tourism 10. thankful 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍手语的用途以及几种学习外语的有效方法。 【详解】1. 句意：手语对聋人非常重要。空格前为介词“for”，后接名词或名词性结构作宾语。根据常识及上下文"Sign language"（手语），可知是对于聋人（deaf people）重要。 2. 句意：他们可以用手指拼写字母。空格前为情态动词“can”，后接动词原形。用手指拼写字母符合手语特征，spell意为“拼写”，符合语境。   3. 句意：此外，他们交谈时还会使用面部表情。根据“they also use facial ...”可知，面部表情是手语交流的重要辅助。facial expressions为固定搭配，意为“面部表情”，此处表示多种表情，故用复数形式。 4. 句意：当我们学习外语时，我们可以模仿母语者的说话方式。情态动词can后接动词原形。根据“we can ... how native speakers talk”可知，学习外语时模仿母语者发音是常见方法，imitate意为“模仿”，符合语境。    5. 句意：这种模仿方法帮助我们更好地理解口语。前一句“…we can imitate how native speakers talk” 讲模仿母语者说话，本句承接，表达模仿帮助我们更好理解、领会口语，understand意为 “理解”。help sb. (to) do sth. 结构中，“helps us”后接动词原形（省略to的不定式）或带to的不定式，本题每空限填一词，故填understand。 6. 句意：我们还可以从文本线索中推断生词的意思。情态动词can 后接动词原形，“meanings of new words from text-clues”可知，从线索猜词意即“推断”（infer）。 7. 句意：英语在全世界被广泛使用。空格前为“is”，后接过去分词构成被动语态，需用副词修饰used。根据“English is ... used all over the world”可知，英语在全球广泛应用，widely意为“广泛地”，符合语境。    8. 句意：许多英语母语者随着旅游业的发展前往其他国家。空格后为“speakers”，需用形容词修饰，“native speakers”为固定搭配，意为“母语人士”。 9. 句意：许多英语母语者随着旅游业的发展前往其他国家。介词of后接名词。根据“with the development of ...”可知，旅游业（tourism）的发展促进人员流动。 10. 句意：我们应该感激这些良好的语言学习方法。空格前为be，后接形容词作表语。“be thankful for”为固定搭配，表示“对……感激”。 2 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 4 A World of Words （新教材仁爱版） （后缀 -able 和被动语态（一般将来时）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格梳理了后缀 -able 的构词规则、核心例词与易混辨析，以及被动语态（一般将来时）的构成、否定疑问与常见主动表被动情形，清晰呈现其构词规律与语法特点。 模块 内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 后缀 -able 基本含义 动词 + -able → 形容词，表示“可被……的；能够……的”，语义自带被动含义 read→readable（可读的）；enjoy→enjoyable（令人愉快的） 拼写规则 去 e：value→valuable、remove→removable；保留 e（-ce/-ge 结尾）：change→changeable、notice→noticeable、agree→agreeable；辅音 + y 结尾变 y 为 i：rely→reliable 中考阶段 -able 一般无双写情况 核心例词 enjoyable / comfortable / suitable / valuable / available / changeable / readable / acceptable The app is available to everyone.（这款应用人人可下载。） 易混辨析 -able 加在完整动词后（enjoyable、valuable）；-ible 词根不完整、不能单独作动词，中考只记 possible、terrible、horrible possible（可能的）；terrible（可怕的） 句式考点 It is + 形容词(-able) + to do sth.；be suitable for…（适合……）；make + 宾语 + 形容词 It is enjoyable to read the book.（读这本书很愉快。） 被动语态（一般将来时） 基本概念 主语是动作的承受者，而非发出者 English will be taught in more schools.（英语将在更多学校被教授。） 谓语结构 一般将来时被动：will be + 过去分词 The bridge will be built next year.（这座桥将于明年建成。） 否定与疑问 否定：will not be + 过去分词 一般疑问：Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ —Will the work be finished?（这项工作将会完成吗？） 基本用法 强调动作承受者；用 by 引出执行者；执行者不明或泛指时常用被动 It is said that technology will change our life.（据说科技将改变我们的生活。） 主动表被动 某些动词用主动形式表被动：说明性质（lock/open/read/sell/wash/write）；连系动词（smell/feel/taste/sound）；need/want/require + doing 及 be worth doing The cloth washes well.（这种布很好洗。） 使用注意事项 1. 后缀 -able 构成形容词：动词直接加 -able，意为“可……的；能被……的”，语义自带被动含义，如 readable（读得进去的）、enjoyable（令人愉快的）。 2. 拼写三规则：去 e（value→valuable、remove→removable）；以 -ce/-ge 结尾须保留 e（change→changeable、notice→noticeable、agree→agreeable）；辅音字母 + y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 -able（rely→reliable）。中考阶段一般无双写。 3. -able 与 -ible 区分：-able 加在完整动词后（enjoyable、valuable）；-ible 词根不完整、本身不能作动词，中考阶段只记 possible、terrible、horrible 三个高频词。 4. 一般将来时被动结构：will be + 过去分词；否定 will not be + 过去分词；一般疑问 Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？；特殊疑问 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ 5. 被动语态用法：强调动作承受者；用 by 引出动作执行者；执行者不明或泛指时常用被动（如 It is said/reported that… 固定句式）。 6. 主动形式表被动：说明主语性质特征的动词（lock、open、read、sell、wash、write）、连系动词（smell、feel、taste、sound）以及 need/want/require + doing、be worth doing 均用主动形式表达被动意义。 一、单项选择 1．The new library ______ in our town next year. A．builds B．built C．will build D．will be built 2．The free learning apps on the website are ______ for everyone to download. A．enjoy B．enjoyable C．available D．changeable 3．This science book is ______ the teenagers who love space stories. A．suitable for B．suitable to C．suit for D．suited for 4．The ______ advice from the old scientist is very helpful to us. A．value B．valuable C．valuably D．valued 5．The weather in spring is very ______; it may be sunny one moment and rainy the next. A．change B．changeable C．changed D．changing 6．—______ the sports meeting ______ next week? —No, it will be put off to next month. A．Will; hold B．Will; be held C．Is; held D．Does; hold 7．With hard work and a clear plan, success is ______ for everyone. A．possible B．possibly C．impossibly D．impossible 8．The famous novel was written ______ a writer who came from the south. A．by B．with C．for D．to 9．This kind of silk cloth ______ very well, so it sells quickly in the shop. A．is washed B．washes C．wash D．is washing 10．A birthday party ______ for the little girl by her parents tomorrow evening. A．will hold B．will be held C．held D．holds 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The soft chair makes me feel very ______ (comfort). 2．With the new method, our dream of flying to the moon will be ______ (achieve). 3．This dictionary is very ______ (use) for English beginners. 4．My neighbor is a ______ (rely) person; you can trust him with your keys. 5．The price of the ticket is ______ (afford) for most middle school students. 6．The advice she gave was very ______ (value) to our project. 7．The whole project will be ______ (finish) by the end of this month. 8．A new hospital will be ______ (build) in the east of the city next year. 9．His handwriting is clear and ______ (read), so the teacher can check it easily. 10．The suggestion was ______ (accept) by the whole class at last. 三、按要求完成句子 1．这本词典明天将被翻译成英文。 The dictionary ________ ________ ________ ________ English tomorrow. 2．据说这座新桥明年将被建成。 It is said that the new bridge ________ ________ ________ next year. 3．这些新单词将在明天的课上被使用。 These new words ________ ________ ________ in tomorrow's class. 4．这本书非常令人愉快。 This book is very ________. 5．房间里的灯将被打开。 The lights in the room ________ ________ ________. 6．这些苹果可以被数清楚。 These apples can ________ ________ ________. 7．玻璃被用来做窗户。 Glass ________ ________ ________ windows. 8．The new school will be built in our village.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ the new school ________ ________? 9．These books will be translated into Chinese next month.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ these books ________ ________? 10．一场篮球比赛将于本周五被举行。 A basketball match ________ ________ ________ this Friday. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 Emojis are everywhere these days. People send them to friends, family members, and even people they just met. So what makes these cute little pictures so 1 ? First, emojis set the tone of the conversation. Emojis help make every conversation 2 more friendly and positive. Using them is an easy way to show your warm and cheerful side. Besides, emojis can explain your feelings well without 3 a word. Just click on a suitable emoji, and the person you’re talking with will immediately know 4 you’re happy, upset, angry, or disappointed. What’s more, they also bring creativity and fun, turning simple talks into 5 visual (视觉的) exchanges. However, emojis also have their disadvantages. Sometimes, an emoji can mean something different from what we think, which can easily lead to 6 . Take the “folded hands” emoji as a(n) 7 . Some people think it means “thank you”, while others might think you’re saying “I’m praying” or just giving a high five. So what should we keep in mind when using emojis? First, match them to the situation. 8 the fun emojis for talks with friends. But in formal cases, like messaging a teacher or having a serious talk, it’s best to use clear and polite words. 9 piece of advice is to pair your words with emojis. For example, try also writing “I’m so happy!” 10 just sending a smile emoji. 1. A．interesting B．popular C．common 2. A．feel B．sound C．seem 3. A．telling B．saying C．expressing 4. A．that B．if C．whether 5. A．amazing B．alive C．lively 6. A．misunderstandings B．mistakes C．tricks 7. A．gift B．example C．introduction 8. A．Buy B．Leave C．Save 9. A．Another B．The other C．Other 10. A．rather than B．except for C．instead of Passage 2 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I started to learn Chinese in middle school, but I didn’t do well then. As time passed, I began to 1 to understand Chinese language basics. For example, I didn’t know how to 2 and write the Chinese characters correctly. When I met new Chinese characters, I knew nothing but their meanings. 3 , after high school, I entered a college in China. The Chinese lessons here started with the basics. My Chinese teacher, Mr. Yang, 4 us the basics I never knew before. He guided us very well. He 5 us how to write each Chinese character step by step. The class was online, but I thought it was 6 and interesting. Mr. Yang let us practice pronouncing Chinese words after him. Besides, he always asked us to take a picture of our Chinese character writing and send it to him so that he could correct the 7 for us. If I had a question in class, I could ask him directly. Then he would discuss and explain the 8 with the whole class. I really learnt a lot from his lessons. 9 , listening to the teacher carefully in class is the most important in learning Chinese. Chinese may be the hardest 10 to learn. But as the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there’s a way.” I believe that with a lot of hard work and such a kind teacher’s help, I will learn it well. 1. A．fail B．plan C．repeat 2. A．practice B．pronounce C．provide 3. A．Again B．Luckily C．Instead 4. A．punished B．asked C．taught 5. A．showed B．offered C．admired 6. A．terrible B．difficult C．enjoyable 7. A．examples B．attention C．mistakes 8. A．answer B．secret C．conversation 9. A．However B．In fact C．By accident 10. A．language B．sentence C．grammar 五、短文填空 Passage 3 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 Body language is an important part of communication. 1 , different cultures have different ways of using body language. For example, in Japan, people bow when they meet. They also bow to say “thank you”, “goodbye”, “sorry” or 2 (ask) for help. In Canada and China, people wave to say “hello” or “goodbye”. 3 China, nodding means agreement. But in India, it is quite the 4 . Nodding means “no”, 5 shaking the head from side to side means “yes”. In most countries, it is bad manners 6 (use) your finger to wave someone to come to you. So we must be careful when we 7 (communicate) with people from different cultures. 8 (learn) about cultural differences in body language can help us avoid misunderstandings 9 make better connections with others. It is 10 (real) important to respect different customs and traditions. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Can you speak more than one language? Being able to 1 (communication) with people in another language is a great way to make friends 2 feel more confident. Language includes speaking, writing and using hand and face movements known as body language. Every year, the United Nations 3 (celebrate) the six most widely used languages in the world. Days such as Chinese Language Day on April 20th, and Spanish Language Day on April 23rd, are good 4 (chance) to try learning a new language. Speaking another language helps you talk to people you may not understand, and makes you feel more connected with them. One 5 the researchers Havarta says speaking two different languages 6 (mean) she can talk to her relatives in another country. This makes her feel closer to her cousins because they’re able to share 7 (they) ideas. Studies also show that being 8 (ability) to speak two languages exercises the brain. Jean is a language teacher. She finds it’s 9 (easy) to learn words that she can hear, rather than just from books. “For example, the lyrics of a song are more memorable (难忘的) because they can be 10 (hear) and sung,” she says. Don’t think that you have no talent in learning languages. Giving yourself much more time to find new ways, you are sure to make progress and master a new language. 六、选词填空 Passage 5 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 culture, foreign, bow, wave, official, agree, different, finger, travel, great When you meet 1 , you should learn some body language from different 2 . In Japan, people 3 when they meet each other. In Canada, people 4 hands to greet each other. English is the 5 language of many countries around the world. If you nod your head in China, you show your 6 However, it means something 7 in India. When you 8 in Russia, you can see beautiful Matryoshka dolls. They are one of the 9 Russian gifts. Don’t use your 10 to call people in most foreign countries. It is bad manners. Passage 6 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 deaf, spell, expression, imitate, native, widely, tourism, thankful, infer, understand Sign language is very important for 1 people. They can 2 letters with their fingers. Besides, they also use facial 3 when they talk. When we learn foreign languages, we can 4 how native speakers talk. This imitation method helps us 5 the speech better. We can also 6 the meanings of new words from text‑clues. English is 7 used all over the world. Many 8 speakers of English travel to other countries with the development of 9 . We should be 10 for these good ways of language‑learning. 2 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $