2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册Unit4单元小测试

**基本信息** 人教版英语八年级上册Unit4单元卷（100分），以动物科普为主题，融合完形填空、阅读理解等7类题型，全面考查语言能力与思维品质，适配单元复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|10题20分|形容词最高级、动词辨析|蜜蜂科普情境，考查词汇运用与语篇理解| |阅读理解|10题20分|细节理解、词义猜测|动物眼睛、大熊猫跨学科素材，培养文化意识| |补全短文|5空10分|段落衔接|狼蛛生活习性，提升逻辑思维与信息匹配能力| |阅读填表|5空10分|信息提取|植物重要性结构化输出，强化学习能力| |词形填空|10题10分|名词/形容词/副词转换|语法应用结合语境，夯实语言基础| |短文填空|10空15分|固定搭配、时态|蜜蜂生态价值语篇，综合考查语法运用| |书面表达|1题15分|信息整合与表达|蓝鲸保护呼吁，提升语言能力与社会责任感|

人教版英语八年级上册Unit4单元小测试（100分） 一、完形填空。（20分） Bees are one of the 1 animals on our planet. They are very 2 and their greatest work is pollination. When bees fly from flower to flower, they take 3 with them. This action helps 4 grow. Without bees, about 80 per cent of plants would not grow. For this 5 , bees are very important to us. Bees are also very 6 animals. They work together to make honeycombs to 7 honey. They 8 by dancing. When a bee finds food, it tells others where it is. 9 , the number of bees is dropping. We need to do something to 10 them. 1．A．important B．more important C．most important D．much important 2．A．lazy B．hard-working C．careless D．silly 3．A．pollen B．honey C．flowers D．leaves 4．A．plants B．animals C．humans D．insects 5．A．reason B．example C．excuse D．result 6．A．boring B．interesting C．strange D．terrible 7．A．eat B．find C．store D．sell 8．A．communicate B．imagine C．protect D．connect 9．A．However B．Because C．So D．Although 10．A．kill B．protect C．catch D．feed 二、阅读理解（20分） A Human eyes may differ in color and strength of vision, but they work the same way. In the animal world, however, there are a lot of strange and amazing eyes. Let’s look at some of them. Even if you eat lots of carrots, you still won’t see as well in the dark as an owl. Why do owls have such good night vision? Well, they have far more rod cells (视杆细胞) in their eyes than humans. Rod cells help them see things in the dark. Night vision isn’t the only seeing superpower in nature. Four-eyed fish are able to look at two places at once. They actually have two eyes, but each eye has two parts: an upper half for vision in air, and a lower half for vision in water. As is known to all, chameleons can change color. They have another important skill: moving each of their eyes independently. It allows them to look at two different places at a time, giving them full 360-degree vision. Chameleons can keep a close watch on prey (猎物) without moving their head. Scientists believe that the largest eyes in the animal world belong to colossal squids. Their eyes are 27 cm in diameter—about the size of a basketball. Why do colossal squids need such large... 11．Why do owls have better night vision than humans? A．They eat more carrots than humans. B．Their eyes can change color at night. C．Their eyes are larger than human eyes. D．They have far more rod cells in their eyes. 12．What can we know about four-eyed fish? A．They are famous for having four eyes. B．They can change their color like chameleons. C．They can see both above and below the water surface. D．They can watch prey closely without head movement. 13．What does the underlined word “It” refer to? A．The ability to change color. B．The skill of moving each eye independently. C．The way to move the head quickly. D．The full 360-degree vision. 14．Whose eyes are nearly the size of a basketball? A．Owls. B．Four-eyed fish. C．Chameleons. D．Colossal squids. 15．What can we learn from the passage? A．Some super powers of nature. B．Some amazing eyes in the animal world. C．Some strange living habits of animals. D．Some differences between animals and humans. B The Amazing Giant Panda Giant pandas are one of the most popular animals in the world. They are known for their black and white fur and cute looks. Pandas live mainly in the bamboo forests of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces in China. Bamboo is the most important food for pandas. A panda can eat up to 15 kilograms of bamboo a day. Because bamboo is low in nutrients, pandas have to spend a lot of time eating—about 12 hours a day! Pandas are good at climbing trees and swimming. They are usually quiet and gentle, but they can be dangerous if they feel threatened (受到威胁). In the past, pandas were endangered because of habitat loss and hunting. Now, thanks to China’s protection efforts, the number of pandas has increased. In 2021, the giant panda was removed from the “endangered” list and reclassified as “vulnerable (易危)”. This is a great success for wildlife protection. 16．Where do giant pandas mainly live? A．In the forests of Europe. B．In the bamboo forests of China. C．In the deserts of Africa. D．In the mountains of America. 17．How much bamboo can a panda eat in a day? A．Up to 5 kilograms. B．Up to 10 kilograms. C．Up to 15 kilograms. D．Up to 20 kilograms. 18．Why do pandas spend so much time eating? A．Because they are very lazy. B．Because bamboo is low in nutrients. C．Because they like eating very much. D．Because bamboo is hard to find. 19．What are pandas good at? A．Climbing trees and swimming. B．Running fast and jumping high. C．Singing and dancing. D．Flying and hunting. 20．Why were pandas endangered in the past? A．Because of disease and old age. B．Because of habitat loss and hunting. C．Because of a lack of food and water. D．Because of natural disasters. 三、补全短文（10分） What’s the biggest spider in the world? The tarantula (狼蛛) ! The biggest tarantula can grow up to 12 inches (about 30 cm) long. Where tarantulas live     21 Some live in forests, and others live in deserts. Some tarantulas live in holes in the ground. Others live in trees. Knowing about its body A tarantula has a lot of hairs. The hairs help it feel things that move. 22 A tarantula has a hard covering (覆盖物) on its body. As it grows, the covering gets too small for it and falls down from its body. Its new covering will sprout (长出) soon. 23 Tarantulas come out to look for food at night. They eat frogs, mice, small snakes and so on. They also eat spiders—even other tarantulas. When an animal comes near, the tarantula jumps and makes the animal stop moving. 24 It cuts up the animal into pieces with its little arms and enjoys a delicious meal. How safe tarantulas are Many people are afraid of tarantulas because they are so big. 25 People are a bigger danger to tarantulas than any other animal. We should protect them. These amazing tarantulas are important to nature. A．How fast tarantulas move B．Learning about eating habits C．Then it pulls the animal back home D．The hairs near its mouth and nose also help it taste and smell E．But they won’t hurt you if you leave them alone F．Tarantulas live in different places around the world 答案：_________ ________ _________ ________ ________ 四、阅读填表。（10分） The Importance of Plants We all know, plants are very important for humans, animals and the environment we live in. Now, let me introduce the importance of plants to you as follows. First of all, for people, plants can give us basic needs. We can use plants in many ways. We can get a lot of food from plants. Some of the plants can be made into medicine and clothing. Second, they are also important to animals. Many animals live in the forest and they eat the fruit from plants. Finally, plants help clean the air, so we can breathe the fresh air every day. They can also cover the soil to stop the wind and water from carrying the soil away. In a word, plants are very important for us. We should protect them and try our best to plant more plants. The Importance of Plants For people give us 26 get food, medicine and 27 For animals live in the 28 eat the fruit For environment help clean the 29 cover the 30 stop the wind and water from carrying the soil away 五、用所给词的正确形式填空（10分） 31．________ (human) use words to share thoughts and feelings. 32．Mary was ________ (disappoint) when her team didn’t win the game. 33．Mum’s hug (拥抱) gives me so much ________ (happy) when I’m sad. 34．The story told me about the ________ (important) of sharing. 35．Which is _________ (large), the ocean, the lake or the river? 36．Of all the boys in the group, Tom jumps _________ (high). 37．One of _________ (popular) outdoor activities is watching different kinds of birds. 38．The _________ (connect) between plants and insects is really magic. 39．Birds use their ________ (wing) to fly in the sky. 40．________ (Africa) elephants are the largest land animals on earth. 六、短文填空（15分） Amazing Bees in Nature Bees are one of 41 (great) helpers in our natural world. They live in groups and make honeycombs 42 (store) honey. Bees are hard‑working insects. When a bee finds flowers with good pollen, it 43 (dance) to tell other bees where the food is. This special way of 44 (communicate) surprises many scientists. In fact, bees help pollinate plants. 45 this reason, lots of fruits and vegetables can grow. Without bees, we would lose 46 large number of plants. They play an important part 47 our planet’s ecosystem. Now the number of bees 48 (drop). We should try our best 49 (protect) them. We cannot live well 50 these little helpful animals. 答案：41._______________ 42.______________ 43._______________ 44. ______________ 45.______________ 46._______________ 47. ______________ 48._______________ 49.______________ 50.______________ 六、书面表达 51．蓝鲸是世界上最大的动物。最近一次的科学调查中，专家们发现它们正濒临灭绝。请你根据下面所给信息，写一篇英语短文介绍蓝鲸，呼吁人们保护蓝鲸。 1. 蓝鲸是地球上最大，最重的动物。 2. 体重可达200吨。 3. 蓝鲸的寿命可达90年。 4. 它们食量巨大，但吃的却是海洋中一些最微小的生物。 5. 蓝鲸在我们的世界扮演着重要角色，因此我们必须保护它们。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了蜜蜂是地球上最重要的动物之一，讲述其辛勤工作、交流方式及数量减少现状，呼吁保护蜜蜂。 【详解】1．句意：蜜蜂是地球上最重要的动物之一。 根据“one of the ... animals”可知，本题考查“one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数”结构，此处需用最高级。 2．句意：它们非常勤劳，最伟大的工作是授粉。 根据“their greatest work is pollination”及常识可知，蜜蜂是勤劳的（hard-working），褒义形容词符合逻辑。 3．句意：当蜜蜂从一朵花飞到另一朵花时，它们随身携带花粉。 根据“pollination”可知，蜜蜂携带的是花粉（pollen），其他选项不符合授粉过程。 4．句意：这一行为帮助植物生长。 根据“Without bees, about 80 per cent of plants would not grow”可知，授粉能帮助植物（plants）生长。 5．句意：因为这个原因，蜜蜂对我们很重要。 前文阐述了蜜蜂重要的理由，此处考查固定搭配for this reason“因为这个原因”，表示总结上文。 6．句意：蜜蜂也是非常有趣的动物。 根据“work together to make honeycombs”和“by dancing”可知，此处引入新话题，说的是蜜蜂的有趣的（interesting）行为。 7．句意：它们一起制作蜂巢来储存蜂蜜。 根据“make honeycombs”和常识可知，蜂巢用来储存（store）蜂蜜。 8．句意：它们通过跳舞交流。 根据“When a bee finds food, it tells others where it is.”可知，跳舞是蜜蜂的交流（communicate）方式。 9．句意：然而，蜜蜂的数量正在下降。 根据“the number of bees is dropping”可知，前后文是转折关系，however“然而”，位于句首用逗号隔开。Although“虽然”常用于引导让步状语从句。 10．句意：我们需要做些事情来保护它们。 根据前文内容可知，蜜蜂重要且数量在下降，由此可推知蜜蜂需要保护（protect），其他选项与保护生态逻辑相反。 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文开篇对比人类眼睛，引出动物世界奇特又神奇的眼睛，分别介绍猫头鹰、四眼鱼、变色龙、大王乌贼四种动物独特的眼部视觉特点，结构清晰，分段对应不同动物的视觉能力。 【详解】11．根据文章猫头鹰部分“they have far more rod cells in their eyes than humans. Rod cells help them see things in the dark.”可知，猫头鹰夜视更好的原因是眼中视杆细胞远多于人类。 12．根据文章四眼鱼部分“each eye has two parts: an upper half for vision in air, and a lower half for vision in water.”可知，四眼鱼既能看见水面上方，也能看见水下。 13．根据文章画线单词It前文句子“They have another important skill: moving each of their eyes independently.”可知，It指代前文“双眼独立转动”这项技能。 14．根据文章最后一幅图片内容中“Their eyes are 27 cm in diameter—about the size of a basketball.”可知，大王乌贼的眼睛差不多篮球大小。 15．根据文章首段总起句“In the animal world, however, there are a lot of strange and amazing eyes. Let’s look at some of them.”可知，全文围绕动物世界神奇的眼睛展开。 16．B 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大熊猫的外形、栖息地、食性与习性，以及我国通过保护让大熊猫从“濒危”降级为“易危”的成果。 【详解】16．根据文章第一段最后一句“Pandas live mainly in the bamboo forests of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces in China.”可知，大熊猫主要生活在中国的竹林里。 17．根据文章第二段第二句“A panda can eat up to 15 kilograms of bamboo a day.”可知，熊猫每天吃竹子的数量可达15公斤。 18．根据文章第二段第三句“Because bamboo is low in nutrients, pandas have to spend a lot of time eating...”可知，熊猫花费大量时间进食是因为竹子营养低。 19．根据文章第三段第一句“Pandas are good at climbing trees and swimming.”可知，熊猫擅长的技能是爬树和游泳。 20．根据文章第四段第一句“In the past, pandas were endangered because of habitat loss and hunting.”可知，过去大熊猫濒危的原因是栖息地丧失和捕猎。 21．F 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了狼蛛的生活地点、身体特征、进食习性以及安全性。 【详解】21．前一句小标题是“Where tarantulas live”，后文提到“Some live in forests, and others live in deserts...”，说明狼蛛的栖息地多样。选项F“Tarantulas live in different places around the world”正好承接这个话题，总述狼蛛分布在世界各地不同区域，与后文的具体栖息地举例衔接自然。 22．前文提到“A tarantula has a lot of hairs. The hairs help it feel things that move.”，介绍了狼蛛毛发的一个作用。选项D“The hairs near its mouth and nose also help it taste and smell”继续补充毛发的其他功能，和前文的“毛发作用”话题连贯，符合上下文逻辑。 23．这个空是小标题，后文内容是“Tarantulas come out to look for food at night. They eat frogs, mice... It cuts up the animal into pieces...”，都是关于狼蛛的进食行为。选项B“Learning about eating habits”能概括这一段的核心内容，适合作为小标题。 24．前文提到“When an animal comes near, the tarantula jumps and makes the animal stop moving”，后文是“It cuts up the animal into pieces...”，中间需要衔接捕猎后的动作。选项C“Then it pulls the animal back home”描述了狼蛛制服猎物后把猎物带回的动作，衔接了“让猎物不动”和“撕碎猎物”的过程。 25．前文提到“Many people are afraid of tarantulas because they are so big”，后文说“People are a bigger danger to tarantulas than any other animal”，前后是转折关系。选项E“But they won’t hurt you if you leave them alone”先说明狼蛛不会主动伤害人类，再引出人类才是狼蛛的威胁，符合转折逻辑。 26．basic needs 27．clothing 28．forest 29．air 30．soil 【导语】本文介绍了植物对人类、动物和环境的重要性。 【详解】26．第二段“plants can give us basic needs.”表明植物给我们提供基本需求，直接提取名词短语“basic needs”。 27．第二段“we can get a lot of food from plants. Some of plants can be made into medicine and clothing.”表明植物可提供食物、药物和衣物。直接提取名词“clothing”。 28．第二段“Many animals live in the forest”表明许多动物生活在森林里。直接提取名词“forest”。 29．第二段“plants help clean the air”表明植物有助于净化空气。直接提取名词“air”。 30．第二段“They can also cover the soil to stop the wind and water from carrying the soil away.”表明植物可以覆盖土壤并防止水土流失。直接提取名词“soil”。 31．Humans 【详解】句意：人类用语言来分享思想和情感。所给词human是可数名词，意为“人，人类”，空格处为句子主语，句中谓语动词为use，是动词原形，说明主语为复数概念；此处泛指人类这一群体，需使用human的复数形式，且单词位于句首，首字母需大写。 32．disappointed 【详解】句意：玛丽的球队没有赢得比赛，她很失望。disappoint“使失望”，是动词，此处需要形容词作表语，描述她的感受，其形容词形式是disappointed“感到失望的”。 33．happiness 【详解】句意：当我难过时，妈妈的拥抱给我如此多的快乐。括号内所给词为“happy”，此处需用其名词形式“happiness”，为不可数名词，原形即可，故填happiness。 34．importance 【详解】句意：这个故事告诉了我分享的重要性。所给的词important为形容词，意为“重要的”。定冠词the后面需要接名词，important的名词形式是importance，是不可数名词。 35．the largest 【详解】句意：哪个最大，海洋、湖泊还是河流？三者比较应用最高级，large的最高级为largest，且形容词最高级前加the。 36．the highest/highest 【详解】句意：在小组里的所有男孩中，汤姆跳得最高。根据题干中“Of all the boys in the group”可知，是三者及以上比较范围。结合题干中提示词，副词high“高地”，最高级是highest，副词最高级前的定冠词the可以省略，故填the highest/highest。 37．the most popular 【详解】句意：观鸟是最受欢迎的户外活动之一。固定搭配one of the+最高级，表示“最……的之一”，popular的最高级表达形式为the most popular，表示“最受欢迎的”，符合语境和搭配。 38．connection 【详解】句意：植物和昆虫之间的联系真的很奇妙。定冠词The后面需要接名词，connect是动词，名词形式为connection，意为“联系，关联”，在句中作主语。 39．wings 【详解】句意：鸟儿用翅膀在天空中飞翔。主语Birds是复数形式，形容词性物主代词their意为“它们的”，其后修饰的名词通常需用复数；鸟通常有两只翅膀，表示泛指时应用复数概念；wing为可数名词，其复数形式为wings。 40．African 【详解】句意：非洲象是地球上最大的陆生动物。空格处在句中作定语修饰名词复数elephants，需用形容词形式。名词Africa（非洲）对应的形容词为African（非洲的），且位于句首，首字母需大写。 41．the greatest 42．to store 43．dances 44．communication 45．For 46．a 47．in 48．is dropping 49．to protect 50．without 【导语】本文介绍了蜜蜂在自然界中的重要角色，包括它们如何通过舞蹈交流、帮助植物授粉，以及目前蜜蜂数量下降的现状，呼吁人们保护蜜蜂。 【详解】41．句意：蜜蜂是我们自然界中最大的帮手之一。“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，great的最高级是greatest，且最高级前加定冠词the。故填the greatest。 42．句意：它们群居并建造蜂巢来储存蜂蜜。此处表示建造蜂巢的目的是储存蜂蜜，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to store。 43．句意：当一只蜜蜂发现有好花粉的花时，它会跳舞来告诉其他蜜蜂食物在哪里。句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时；主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词用dance的第三人称单数形式dances。 44．句意：这种特殊的交流方式令许多科学家感到惊讶。介词“of”后接名词作宾语，communicate的名词形式是communication。 45．句意：因此，许多水果和蔬菜可以生长。“for this reason”意为“因此，由于这个原因”，为固定短语，句首首字母大写。故填For。 46．句意：没有蜜蜂，我们将失去大量植物。“a large number of”意为“大量的”，修饰可数名词复数，为固定搭配。故填a。 47．句意：它们在我们星球的生态系统中扮演着重要角色。“play an important part in...”意为“在……中扮演重要角色”，为固定短语。故填in。 48．句意：现在蜜蜂的数量正在下降。根据“Now”可知，句子强调当前正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时；主语“the number”为单数，be动词用is。故填is dropping。 49．句意：我们应该尽最大努力保护它们。“try one’s best to do sth.”意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，为固定搭配，应用动词不定式。故填to protect。 50．句意：没有这些有帮助的小动物，我们无法好好生活。根据前文“Without bees, we would lose...”可知，此处表示“没有”这些动物，应用介词without。 51． 例文 The Blue Whale The blue whale is the largest and heaviest animal on Earth. It can weigh up to 200 tons and live up to 90 years. Although they are huge, they eat the tiniest creatures in the ocean. Blue whales play an important role in our world. However, they are endangered now. It is our duty to protect them. We must try our best to save them. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：介绍性说明文，以一般现在时为核心时态 明确要点：蓝鲸的基础属性（体型、体重、寿命）、特殊食性特征、生态价值与保护呼吁 确定人称：以第三人称it/they客观介绍蓝鲸，结尾切换为第一人称we发出行动倡议 注意事项：所有数据贴合题干给出的信息 [第二步：构思布局] 一段式结构： 开头：直接点明蓝鲸的核心身份，清晰引出说明对象 主体：依次介绍蓝鲸的体重、寿命、反差感极强的食性特点，自然补充濒危现状形成内容递进 结尾：强调蓝鲸的生态重要性，顺理成章发出保护呼吁，完成主题升华 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：蓝鲸基础特征 核心描述：the largest and heaviest animal on Earth/the biggest and heaviest creature living in the ocean 体重说明：can weigh up to 200 tons/can reach a weight of 200 tons 寿命描述：live up to 90 years/can have a lifetime of nearly 90 years 要点二：蓝鲸食性特点 核心描述：they eat the tiniest creatures in the ocean/feed on the very smallest living things in the sea 反差衔接：Although they are huge/Even though they have a very large body 要点三：保护呼吁部分 价值说明：play an important role in our world/play a key part in the whole ocean ecosystem 现状补充：they are endangered now/are in great danger of dying out 行动呼吁：It is our duty to protect them/We must try our best to save them/we should take action to look after them well 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $