unit 2 home sweet home 语法 (can could 表示请求与许可） 导学案-2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案以“Home Sweet Home”为主题，聚焦“can/could表示请求与许可”核心语法，通过“核心语法精讲与练习-语篇训练-书面表达”三部分递进设计，构建“基础理解-语篇应用-综合表达”的完整学习路径，语法练习与语篇任务围绕家庭生活场景关联，确保知识建构的系统性与连贯性。 亮点在于主题探究式设计，通过“反向春运”阅读理解渗透文化意识，“机器人做家务”任务型完形填空培养思维品质，书面表达给Tom回信任务强化语言能力。每部分设易错提醒与分层练习，既巩固语法基础，又促进综合能力发展，为教师实施单元复习提供从语法到语篇再到写作的系统教学支撑。

can/could 表示请求与许可 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 第一部分 核心语法精讲与练习 一、can / could 表示请求与许可 请求别人做某事：Can/Could you (please) do sth.? 回答：Sure. / No problem. / Sorry, I ... 例句：Could you please sweep the floor? — OK, Mum. I'll do it at once. 请求允许自己做：Can/Could I do sth.? 回答：Yes, you can. / Sorry, you can't... 例句：Could I hang out with my friends? — Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up your things first. 提出建议：Can/Could we...? 例句：Can I put some flowers on the table? — Yes, good idea! 语气差异：could 比 can 更委婉，常用于对长辈、陌生人或正式场合；回答时通常用 can： —Could I use your phone? —Of course you can. 易错提醒： ① could 表请求时不表过去。 ② 注意主语：Could you help me?（请你）与 Could I help you?（我可以帮你吗）意思不同。 ③ 拒绝请求宜给出理由：Sorry, but I have to finish my homework first. 语法练习 A —— 用 can/could 补全对话 1. — ______ you please take out the rubbish? — Sure, Dad. I'll do it right away. 2. — ______ I watch TV for half an hour? — No, you can't. You have a test tomorrow. 3. — Mum, ______ we invite Grandma to our new flat this weekend? — Good idea! 4. — Excuse me, ______ I use your phone? Mine is dead. — Of course you can. 5. — ______ you help me hang up these photos, Helen? — No problem. 语法练习 B —— 按要求改写句子 1. Please sweep the floor.（改为更委婉的请求） 2. May I use your computer?（用 could 改写，意思不变） 3. You can't play games now.（先改为 Could I 开头的问句，再作否定回答） 4. Let's clean up the living room.（用 Can we...? 改写） 5. She can water the plants very well.（对机器人说，改为一句礼貌请求） 第二部分 语篇训练 A. 阅读理解 —— When Parents Take the Train to Us During the 2026 Spring Festival, something new happened at China's railway stations: more and more parents arrived in big cities with bags of hometown food — eggs, sausages and pickled vegetables. Their children, who work in cities, did not go home this year. Instead, their parents came to them. People call it "reverse Spring Festival travel". The railway company helped by giving discounts on some "reverse" trains — trains going from small towns into big cities. A ticket from Nanning to Hangzhou cost only 42 yuan after the discount. For 15-year-old Chen Wen in Hangzhou, it was the warmest festival ever. "In the past, my parents always rushed home to my grandparents' village," she said. "This year, Grandma and Grandpa came to our small flat. We hung up red lanterns together. Grandpa taught me to make dumplings, and Grandma told stories while we cleaned up the kitchen." Chen Wen's mother said, "Home is not a place. Home is where the family gathers." A family expert said reverse travel shows a change in ideas: children and parents now share the duty of keeping the family together. "Whether you go home, or home comes to you," she said, "love travels both ways." 1. What is "reverse Spring Festival travel"? A. Children go home to villages. B. Parents travel to cities where their children live. C. Foreigners visit China. D. People travel by plane only. 2. How much was a discounted ticket from Nanning to Hangzhou? A. 240 yuan. B. 42 yuan. C. 57 yuan. D. Free. 3. What did Chen Wen do with her grandparents? A. She hung up lanterns and learnt to make dumplings. B. She went to her village. C. She took a slow train. D. She bought pickled vegetables online. 4. What does Chen Wen's mother think "home" is? A. A big flat. B. A village. C. Where the family gathers. D. A railway station. 5. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Only children should travel. B. Family love works both ways. C. Trains are too expensive. D. Cities are better than villages. B. 任务型完形填空 —— A Robot in Our House 选词填空，每词限用一次 do still sweep help future difficult job water cost learn "Could you please sweep the floor?" In most homes, children hear this from their parents. But in the 1.______, a robot may hear it instead. At the 2026 World Robot Conference in Beijing, robots could 2.______ housework after hearing simple instructions. Companies like Haier and Unitree showed robots making breakfast and washing clothes. At CES 2026 in the US, a robot named Neo, which can fold clothes, clean floors and 3.______ plants, will be sold for $20,000 — or $499 a month. But experts say a robot that does well at a show cannot easily 4.______ with real housework. "Homes are messy," one engineer said. "Every family is different. A robot must 5.______ to understand your habits, and that is 6.______ ." He also said robots will not take over the love in a home. "A robot can 7.______ the floor, but it cannot ask Grandpa about his day. Parents 8.______ need to teach children to share chores. If a child only gives orders, he will not 9.______ to be thankful." So, before you buy one, ask yourself: do you want a helper, or a family member that does your 10.______ ? The best answer may be: a helper for the floor, and your own two hands for your family. C. 完形填空 —— Will Robots Do Our Chores? "Could you please sweep the floor?" Soon, this sentence 1.______ be said to a robot, not a child. At the 2026 World Robot Conference in Beijing, robots could put rubbish into bins and water flowers 2.______ simple spoken instructions. One visitor laughed and said, "I could watch this all day. Could you 3.______ teach it to make breakfast?" In the United States, a company called 1X showed a home robot named Neo. According to reports, Neo can fold clothes, clean floors and water plants. But it 4.______ cheap — it costs $20,000, or $499 every month. In Japan, scientists are building robots for a different 5.______ : helping old people. Their robot is called AIREC. In the future, it may help grandparents stand up or carry things. But engineers say a robot cannot give Grandpa a warm hug or ask him about his day. "A robot can 6.______ the floor," one engineer said, "but children still 7.______ to visit their parents. No machine can replace family love." So, 8.______ a robot do all the housework in the future? The answer is: maybe some, but not all. Experts say a robot that works well at an exhibition may not work well in a messy home. Every family is different, and robots must learn each family's 9.______ . Next time your mum says, "Could you 10.______ the rubbish?" — do not wait for a robot. Say "Sure!" and do it at once. After all, doing chores is also a way to show love. 1. A.must B.may C.should D.need 2. A.after B.until C.under D.with 3. A.also B.never C.hardly D.yet 4. A.isn't B.don't C.doesn't D.hasn't 5. A.job B.reason C.result D.mistake 6. A.sweep B.sing C.find D.forget 7. A.hate B.need C.refuse D.stop 8. A.Must B.Could C.Should D.Will 9. A.hobbies B.habits C.hobby D.stations 10 .A.take out B.take up C.take off D.Take in D. 词汇考查 —— 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. — Could you please ______ (sweep) the floor? — Sure. 2. Mum asked me ______ (pack) up my things before dinner. 3. We decided ______ (invite) Grandpa and Grandma to our new home. 4. Look! The robot ______ (water) the plants on the balcony. 5. She is used to ______ (live) in a big city now. 6. My grandmother ______ (nod) and smiled when she saw us. 7. It is polite ______ (help) old people carry heavy luggage. 8. They ______ (not finish) decorating the room yet. Let's help them. 9. The ______ (arrive) of spring makes everyone happy. 10. There was an old clock on the wall of the ______ (live) room. 三、书面表达 题目：外国笔友 Tom 来信说他妈妈买了扫地机器人，他再也不想做家务了。请回信谈谈你的看法，不少于70词。 要点：1. 机器人能做什么；2. 我们为什么还要做家务（至少两点）；3. 用两个含 can/could 的句子；4. 结尾用 "A home is clean with robots, but it is warm with ..."。 参考词汇：robot, sweep the floor, fold clothes, however, learn to be independent, share chores, show love 参考范文框架：Dear Tom, I heard about your robot. It can ... and ..., so your home must be very clean. However, I think we should still do chores because ... and ... . Could you ...? Maybe you can ... . A home is clean with robots, but it is warm with ... 参考答案详解 语法练习 A（can/could 补全对话） 1. Could 解析：请求对方做某事，用 Could you please... 表示礼貌；take out the rubbish 为教材 chores 短语。 2. Can 解析：请求许可 Can I...? 答句 No, you can't 与问句呼应，答句用 can 也可反推问句用 Can。 3. Can / Could 解析：提出建议"Mum, can we invite...?"（我们能不能邀请……），对母亲说话用 could 更委婉，用 can 亦可接受。 4. Could 解析：对陌生人（Excuse me）借手机，须用更委婉的 Could I...?；答句 Of course you can 印证 could 提问用 can 回答的规则。 5. Could 解析：请求 Helen 帮忙挂照片，用 Could you help me... 更显礼貌；答句 No problem 为教材原句呼应。 语法练习 B（句型转换参考答案） 1. Could you please sweep the floor? 解析：把直接命令改为委婉请求，结构为 Could you please + 动词原形。 2. Could I use your computer? 解析：May I...? 与 Could I...? 均表请求许可，可互换；could 更委婉。 3. — Could I play games now? — No, you can't. 解析：先把陈述句改为请求许可的一般疑问句，注意回答用 can't（不用 couldn't）。 4. Can we clean up the living room? 解析：Let's... 提建议可转换为 Can we...? 或 Shall we...?。 5. Could you water the plants, please? 解析：把"她会浇花"这一能力陈述，转换为对机器人发出的礼貌请求，体现 can/could 表请求的功能迁移。 A. 阅读理解（When Parents Take the Train to Us） 1. B 解析：细节题+词义猜测题。第一段"Instead, their parents came to them. People call it 'reverse Spring Festival travel'."直接定义：子女不回乡，父母进城与子女团聚，故选 B。A 项是传统的"春运"，C、D 未提及。 2. B 解析：细节题。第二段"A ticket from Nanning to Hangzhou cost only 42 yuan after the discount."数字定位 42 yuan。 3. A 解析：细节题。第三段"We hung up red lanterns together. Grandpa taught me to make dumplings, and Grandma told stories while we cleaned up the kitchen."包含挂灯笼、学包饺子两件事，A 项完整。B 项与文意相反（今年没去村里）；C、D 无中生有。 4. C 解析：细节题。母亲的话"Home is not a place. Home is where the family gathers."直接给出答案 C。此句也是本单元 Big Question "What does home mean to you?" 的点睛回答。 5. B 解析：推理题。最后一段专家的话"Whether you go home, or home comes to you, love travels both ways."（无论你回家，还是家来找你，爱都是双向流动的），B 项 Family love works both ways（亲情是双向的）为同义改写。 B. 任务型完形填空（A Robot in Our House?） 1. future 解析：in the future（在将来）固定短语；全文讨论"未来机器人做家务"。 2. do 解析：do housework做家务。 3. water 解析：water plants 浇植物，词库中 water 重复使用属设计复现，强化"动词+ chores"搭配。 4. help 解析：固定搭配 help with sth.（帮忙做某事）；"在展会上表现出色的机器人并不容易应付真实家务"。 5. learn 解析：情态动词 must 后接动词原形；learn to do sth. 学会做某事。 6. difficult 解析：that 指代"机器人须学会理解每个家庭的习惯"这件事，工程师认为这很"困难"，填 difficult。 7. sweep 解析：呼应首句"Could you please sweep the floor?"，机器人能扫地（sweep the floor）却不能问候爷爷的一天。 8. still 解析：句意"父母仍然需要教会孩子分担家务"，填副词 still。 9. learn 解析：learn to be thankful 学会感恩；will not 后接动词原形。 10. job 解析：does your job 做你的工作；反问自己想要的是帮手还是一个"替你做你自己工作的家庭成员"，填 job。 C. 完形填空 1. B 解析：情态动词辨析。句意为"很快，这句话可能对机器人说，而不是对孩子说"，表示将来的可能性用 may。must（必须）语气过强；should（应该）表建议；need（需要）不合语境。 2. D 解析：介词辨析。with 在此表方式/工具，"通过简单的语音指令"；after（在……之后）、until（直到）、under（在……之下）均不合逻辑。 3. A 解析：副词辨析。观众笑着说"我能看一整天。你也能教它做早餐吗？"，also 表递进的"也"。never/hardly 表否定，yet 用于否定句或疑问句句末，均不合语境。 4. A 解析：主语 it 指 Neo，一般现在时否定式为 isn't；"但它并不便宜"。don't 用于复数/第一二人称；doesn't 后须接动词原形，不能接形容词 cheap；hasn't 是现在完成时助动词，结构不符。 5. B 解析：名词辨析。for a different reason（出于不同的原因）：日本研发机器人的"原因"是帮助老人。job（工作）、result（结果）、mistake（错误）均不合。 6. A 解析：语境复现。与第一段"sweep the floor"及生活常识呼应，机器人能扫地。sing/find/forget 与家务场景无关。 7. B 解析：动词辨析。need to do sth. 需要做某事，"但孩子们仍然需要探望父母"。hate（讨厌）、refuse（拒绝）、stop（停止）均与工程师强调"亲情不可替代"的观点相反。 8. D 解析：情态动词辨析。对将来的情况提问用 Will，"将来机器人会做所有家务吗？"；Must 表必须、Could 表委婉请求或许可、Should 表应该，均不合。 9. B 解析：名词辨析+词义辨析。每个家庭不同，机器人必须学习每个家庭的"习惯" habits；干扰项 hobbies（爱好）是超纲干扰，两者形似义异，教师可借此机会区分。 10. A 解析：短语动词辨析。take out the rubbish 倒垃圾，教材原句复现；take up 开始从事，take off 脱下/起飞，take in 吸收/欺骗，均不合。 D. 词汇考查 1. sweep 解析：Could you please 后接动词原形，"请你扫地好吗"。 2. to pack 解析：ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事，填动词不定式 to pack；pack up 打包。 3. to invite 解析：decide to do sth. 决定做某事，填 to invite。 4. is watering 解析：Look! 提示现在进行时，主语 the robot 为单数，填 is watering。 5. living 解析：be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事，to 为介词，后接动名词 living。 6. nodded 解析：and 连接并列谓语，smiled 为过去式，nod 也用过去式 nodded。 7. to help 解析：It is + adj. + to do sth. 句型，it 为形式主语，真正主语为动词不定式，填 to help。 8. haven't finished / have not finished 解析：yet 是现在完成时标志词，且用于否定句/疑问句，"他们还没装饰完房间"，填 haven't finished。 9. arrival 解析：The + 名词 + of 结构，arrive 的名词形式 arrival。 10. living 解析：living room 客厅，固定短语；注意此处 living 是动名词作定语，不能填 live。 三、书面表达（给Tom的回信）参考范文 Dear Tom, I heard about your robot. It can sweep the floor, fold clothes and wash the dishes, so your home must be very clean. I am happy for you! However, I think we should still do some chores. First, doing chores helps us learn to be independent. If we only give orders to a machine, how can we look after ourselves when we grow up? Second, sharing chores is a way to show love to our family. Could you imagine Grandma's smile when you clean the table for her? My mother often says, "Many hands make light work." Could you try doing one small chore every day, such as taking out the rubbish? I believe you will feel proud of yourself. A home is clean with robots, but it is warm with our own hands and love. Yours, Li Hua 评分建议：包含两个 can/could 句型（2分）；机器人功能与两个继续做家论点（4分）；结尾句正确引用（2分）；结构连贯、语法正确（4分）；词数与书写（3分，可按本地标准折算）。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $