内容正文:
原创高考英语综合训练卷 A54-教师解析版
教师解析版 | 共47题 | 满分120分 | 建议用时100分钟 | 难度:中上
试题部分
第一部分 阅读(共20小题;满分50分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A A Borrowing Shelf with a Difference
At North Quay Library, a small borrowing shelf stands beside the repair desk. It holds tools that many residents need only occasionally: a tile cutter, a set of clamps and a hand drill. The shelf is free to use, but it is organized around responsibility rather than speed.
A borrower first reads the card attached to each tool. The card lists its weight, the work it suits and one safety check. Staff do not ask what a person plans to make; they ask whether the person can explain how the tool will be returned safely. A short demonstration is available for anyone who has not used the tool before.
Each item has a numbered tray. Borrowers place a deposit in an envelope and write down a return date. The deposit is not a fee: it is returned when the tool and its small parts come back together. If a project runs late, the borrower can send a message before the date and keep the tool for one more week.
The shelf is not a shop with unlimited stock. During busy weeks, a borrower may reserve one item while leaving others for neighbors. A person who returns a tool clean and complete may join the waiting list again, but a missing screw can delay the next loan even when the main tool looks fine.
These arrangements sometimes feel slower than simply picking up a tool. Their purpose is to make occasional access dependable. A clear record lets strangers share expensive objects without pretending that care happens automatically.
21. Which practice most directly makes the borrowing shelf dependable for occasional users?
A. Keeping a deposit until the tool and its parts return together.
B. Letting borrowers take any tool without writing a date.
C. Offering only the heaviest tools during busy weeks.
D. Asking borrowers to explain what object they will make.
22. Why may a borrower keep a tool for one more week?
A. The shelf has unlimited stock.
B. The borrower has paid an extra fee.
C. The borrower contacts the library before the return date.
D. The tool no longer needs a safety card.
23. What does the last sentence mainly emphasize?
A. Shared access becomes dependable when care is recorded.
B. Expensive tools should be sold instead of lent.
C. Speed is the only measure of a useful shelf.
D. Neighbors usually refuse to trust one another.
B
For generations, Bellhaven residents set their day by the market clock, whose bell was checked against the river tide. When the railway arrived, its timetable used a national standard that differed by several minutes. The disagreement was practical: a missed train mattered, but the old bell still organized work along the quay.
The town did not simply remove the clock. A committee invited railway staff, boat workers and shopkeepers to compare their records. They found that the tide notes were valuable for harbor work even though they could not serve every train. Instead of asking one system to replace the other, the committee assigned each a clear use.
A small brass plate was fixed below the bell. It explained that the clock showed Bellhaven time, while a painted line on the station platform marked railway time. The two signs looked less elegant than a single official notice, yet travelers could see which reference applied to a decision.
The arrangement was tested during a month of market days. Shopkeepers reported fewer arguments about delivery hours, and the station kept its departures on schedule. When a storm damaged the bell rope, the committee temporarily posted tide tables rather than pretending that the clock was still reliable.
Bellhaven kept both records because accuracy depended on purpose. A local measure could remain useful when its limits were stated, and a new standard could be accepted without erasing the knowledge that had grown around the older one.
24. What changed the committee’s view of a workable time system?
A. The town removed its old clock as soon as the railway arrived.
B. Different time references were assigned different practical uses.
C. Railway staff proved that tide notes were always inaccurate.
D. Shopkeepers agreed to follow the station clock for every task.
25. Why did the committee keep two time references?
A. Because the local clock was useful for harbor work even though trains needed the national standard.
B. Because the railway refused to publish a timetable.
C. Because travelers could not read the brass plate.
D. Because the tide stopped changing near the market.
26. What was the purpose of the brass plate?
A. It told readers which time reference applied to a decision.
B. It measured the height of the river tide.
C. It replaced the railway timetable on the platform.
D. It recorded every storm that damaged the bell.
27. Which principle does the Bellhaven example illustrate?
A. A single sign is always clearer than two references.
B. A town should reject all outside standards.
C. A useful local practice can survive beside a new standard when its limits are clear.
D. Historical records are valuable only when they are exact.
C
A wet towel dries more quickly when it is spread out than when it is left in a ball. The difference is often described as “more air,” but air movement is only part of the explanation. Drying depends on how readily water at the surface can leave and how quickly more water can reach that surface.
Inside a bunched towel, much of the damp fabric touches other damp fabric. Water vapor therefore has a short distance to travel before meeting a surface that is already humid. In a spread towel, more wet fibers face the surrounding air, and the vapor can be carried away from a larger area.
Warmth can speed the process by giving surface water more energy, yet warmth alone does not guarantee quick drying. If the nearby air is already full of vapor, or if a plastic cover traps that air, evaporation slows even when the towel feels warm.
A breeze changes the conditions again. Moving air replaces the humid layer next to the cloth with drier air, so the surface can continue to release vapor. The breeze does not pull liquid through the towel like a pump; it keeps the outside boundary from becoming a barrier.
This is why “spread it out” is useful advice with several causes behind it. Shape, temperature, humidity and air movement work together, and changing one factor may help less than expected if another still limits the escape of vapor.
28. Why does a spread towel usually dry faster than a bunched towel?
A. It contains less water by weight.
B. It exposes more wet fibers to surrounding air.
C. Its fibers become warmer in every room.
D. A breeze pulls liquid through it like a pump.
29. What does the plastic cover example show?
A. Warmth always prevents evaporation.
B. Trapped humid air can slow drying even when the towel feels warm.
C. A cover makes a towel spread out.
D. Humidity matters only outdoors.
30. Why does the author mention a breeze?
A. It replaces the humid layer beside the cloth with drier air.
B. It supplies heat directly to every fiber.
C. It pulls liquid through the towel like a pump.
D. It proves that every breeze is dry.
31. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Hidden Work Behind Faster Towel Drying
B. Why Plastic Covers Keep Towels Warm
C. A History of Household Breezes
D. How Pumps Move Water Through Cloth
D
After a flood, Riverton volunteers painted a line on the wall of an old warehouse to show how high the water had reached. Years later, a museum wanted to use the line in an exhibition about the river. The mark looked precise, but its meaning depended on how it had been made and preserved.
A volunteer notebook said that the line was measured from a boat step during the storm. A photograph taken the same week showed the water touching a different part of the wall. Neither record could simply be declared the whole truth: the boat may have shifted, and the photograph gave no scale.
Curators therefore placed the mark, notebook and photograph together. A caption explained what each item could support and what it could not. Visitors could see why the museum described the flood level as an estimate rather than a perfect number.
Some residents preferred a single dramatic figure because it was easier to remember. The curators kept the uncertainty visible, however, since a rounded number might later be quoted as a measurement. They also invited residents to bring dated photographs or repair records that could test the estimate.
The display treated local memory as evidence that deserved care, not as a story that needed to be polished. By showing the boundary between observation and inference, it made the history more trustworthy.
32. What limits the two records of the flood level?
A. They were made by people who disagreed about the flood.
B. The boat position could shift, and the photograph had no scale.
C. They were recorded many years after the flood.
D. The museum had already rounded both figures.
33. Why were the flood mark, notebook and photograph displayed together?
A. To make the exhibition look fuller with several old objects.
B. To let visitors choose the most dramatic flood figure.
C. To show what each record supports and where its evidence stops.
D. To prove that the photograph was taken from the boat step.
34. Why did the curators keep the uncertainty visible?
A. A rounded estimate might later be mistaken for an exact measurement.
B. The photograph provided a complete scale for the wall.
C. The notebook and photograph showed exactly the same water level.
D. The flood mark had been preserved without any change.
35. What principle does the Riverton display illustrate?
A. A memorable story is more valuable than a careful record.
B. Uncertainty should be hidden once an exhibition opens.
C. One vivid photograph can settle a disputed history.
D. History becomes more trustworthy when evidence and inference are kept distinct.
第二节 七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A museum label has a difficult job: it must help a visitor notice something without replacing the visitor's own looking. A label that explains every detail may leave no question to pursue, while one that offers only a date can make a complicated object seem silent.
The first useful choice is to point to a relationship. Instead of listing every color in a woven cloth, a label might ask readers to compare the bright thread with the darker border. That direction gives attention a path without dictating what the comparison must mean.
A second choice concerns uncertainty. When an object's maker is unknown, saying so can be more informative than inventing a confident story. ___36___
Examples can then make the uncertainty concrete. A note about a repaired handle, for instance, can show that an object has had more than one life. ___37___
The label should also respect the visitor's time. A short sentence placed beside the object may work better than a paragraph that forces people to step away before they can look back. ___38___
There is a boundary, however. A label cannot turn a guess into a fact simply because a neat explanation sounds satisfying. ___39___
Good labels leave the visitor with a question that belongs to the object, not merely to the writer. ___40___
A. That admission marks the limit of the evidence and sends the visitor back to the object for clues.
B. The detail raises a useful question about use without pretending to settle the object's whole history.
C. Good economy keeps the label readable while the object remains the main source of attention.
D. The wording should therefore separate what is seen from what is merely suggested.
E. A useful final line points back to a feature that the visitor can examine.
F. A complete biography would remove the need for anyone to look closely.
G. The label should choose one confident story so that every visitor leaves with the same answer.
第二部分 语言运用(共25小题;满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The first time I repaired the clock in our apartment hallway, I expected silence to be the reward. The second hand had stopped at 4:17, and every neighbor had learned to ignore it. I opened the wooden case with a borrowed screwdriver and found a loose wire. My neighbor Sam watched from the doorway, holding a notebook.
I was ___41___ that the repair would be quick. The wire looked too small to deserve a whole evening. Sam asked me to mark each screw before removing it. I thought the request was ___42___, but I followed it because the clock was older than either of us. When I tightened the wire, the hands moved for one minute and stopped again. My confidence ___43___.
Sam checked an old maintenance note and found that the clock lost time whenever the hallway door slammed. The clue changed the ___44___ of the job: the movement was being shaken out of alignment. I had wanted a quick ___45___, but the note suggested a test. A strip of felt under the case might ___46___ the clock against the next shock.
We placed the felt and asked a neighbor to close the door normally. I kept ___47___ the same door test instead of trusting one lucky minute. Before calling the clock fixed, we ___48___ the change twice. Sam had ___49___ the pattern in the old note, but he waited for me to connect it with the stopped hands.
The clock’s ___50___ mattered more than its polished case. We stopped ___51___ guesses for facts and began writing down what changed. Sam ___52___ that the notebook should hold the repair and the conditions around it. A ___53___ approach took longer, yet the new method was ___54___. I had finally ___55___ why the clock kept losing time.
41. A. certain B. silent C. careless D. doubtful
42. A. fragile B. familiar C. unnecessary D. generous
43. A. rose B. vanished C. settled D. returned
44. A. price B. owner C. color D. shape
45. A. answer B. visitor C. decoration D. argument
46. A. measure B. cushion C. repeat D. explain
47. A. avoiding B. repeating C. forgetting D. testing
48. A. borrowed B. tested C. hidden D. painted
49. A. noticed B. protected C. replaced D. counted
50. A. surface B. weather C. mechanism D. memory
51. A. mistaking B. recording C. folding D. weighing
52. A. continued B. suggested C. returned D. escaped
53. A. patient B. ordinary C. narrow D. empty
54. A. distant B. dependable C. famous D. private
55. A. delayed B. exchanged C. understood D. ignored
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A traditional kite seems light enough to float on its own, but its flight depends on a carefully balanced frame. The central stick is crossed by a shorter one, and the maker ties the two pieces together ___56___ a thin cord. A tail is not added merely for decoration. It helps the kite keep ___57___ stable position when the wind changes. Before the paper is attached, the frame is checked for bends, because a crooked stick can make the kite turn ___58___ (unexpected). The paper is cut slightly larger than the frame and folded over the edges, ___59___ (leave) no loose corner. A maker ___60___ knots are too tight may damage the sticks, while one who ties too loosely will lose the frame in a gust. During the final test, the kite rises, turns, and ___61___ (respond) to each change in the breeze. Small adjustments are often ___62___ (useful) than a heavier tail. The maker records every ___63___ (adjustment) so that a successful balance can be repeated. Once the frame has been tested, the paper is attached, and the tail is then ___64___ (add). The result is both light ___65___ strong enough to rise.
第三部分 写作(共2小题;满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华,学校历史社团计划在校园开放日设置一个“触摸与描摹”展台:让参观者通过凸起的旧运河街区地图了解城镇变迁。请给地方博物馆陈老师写一封邮件,内容包括:1. 说明展台的教育用途并申请试行;2. 介绍地图、描摹纸和卫生/引导安排,说明模型并非精确测量图;3. 请对历史标注提出建议,申请活动前进行一小时试用,并承诺根据反馈调整。正文词数120左右。
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右,所给段落开头不计入续写词数。
The school club had prepared a paper-star display for an open day, and Mara and Eli were responsible for the final setup. Mara had designed a tall, open frame so visitors could see the constellations from the path; Eli had promised to keep it steady while people passed. During the previous afternoon they had tried two arrangements. The higher one looked clear from a distance, but a gust had pulled a corner clip loose. A lower frame held better, yet its top row disappeared behind the table for shorter visitors. They agreed to test a safer position before the first visitors arrived rather than choose by argument alone. The weather log on the table showed that the wind became stronger near sunset, although the afternoon was still calm. A few clips, spare paper, string, a pencil, and a wall beside the table were available. Mara had marked the important stars on a paper template; Eli had noted which corners had lifted in the earlier trial. Mara worried that lowering the frame would hide the stars, while Eli worried that leaving it tall would let a gust tear the paper. They promised to keep the design recognizable and to record any change they made. When the first corner lifted again, they had to decide how to test a change without losing the display.
Paragraph 1:
Mara tightened her grip on the upper bar and looked at Eli.
Paragraph 2:
Eli held the frame against the wall while Mara studied the remaining clips.
参考答案与解析
答案速查
21 A
22 C
23 A
24 B
25 A
26 A
27 C
28 B
29 B
30 A
31 A
32 B
33 C
34 A
35 D
36 A
37 B
38 C
39 D
40 E
41 A
42 C
43 B
44 D
45 A
46 B
47 B
48 B
49 A
50 C
51 A
52 B
53 A
54 B
55 C
56 with
57 a
58 unexpectedly
59 leaving
60 whose
61 responds
62 more useful
63 adjustment
64 added
65 and
66 参考答案
67 参考答案
第一部分 阅读
第一节 阅读理解(21—35)
21. 答案:A
题干:Which practice most directly makes the borrowing shelf dependable for occasional users?
解析:正确项对应借用押金与工具零件一并归还的制度,直接保障下一位使用者拿到完整工具;其余选项与文中规则相反或未被提及。
22. 答案:C
题干:Why may a borrower keep a tool for one more week?
解析:文章规定项目延期时,借用者须在到期前发消息,才可多保留一周;付费、库存和安全卡都不是延期条件。
23. 答案:A
题干:What does the last sentence mainly emphasize?
解析:结尾把清晰记录与陌生人可靠共享昂贵物品联系起来,强调责任记录的作用;其他选项均把文章观点绝对化。
24. 答案:B
题干:What changed the committee’s view of a workable time system?
解析:委员会没有废除旧钟,而是为本地潮汐时间和铁路标准分别安排用途;其余选项误读了文章的协商结果。
25. 答案:A
题干:Why did the committee keep two time references?
解析:第二段说明潮汐记录仍服务港口工作、铁路则需要全国标准,因此两种时间按用途并存;其他选项没有文本依据。
26. 答案:A
题干:What was the purpose of the brass plate?
解析:铜牌解释钟面时间与铁路时间各自适用的决定场合,帮助旅客选择参照;它不是测量器、时刻表替代品或风暴记录。
27. 答案:C
题干:Which principle does the Bellhaven example illustrate?
解析:结尾原则是承认用途和限制后让旧做法与新标准并存;其余选项分别主张排斥外来标准、崇尚单一标牌或要求记录绝对精确。
28. 答案:B
题干:Why does a spread towel usually dry faster than a bunched towel?
解析:摊开后更多湿纤维接触外界空气,水汽可从更大面积逸出;选项A、C、D均不符合科学说明。
29. 答案:B
题干:What does the plastic cover example show?
解析:塑料覆盖会困住潮湿空气,即使毛巾发热也会减慢蒸发;其他选项把温度、覆盖或湿度作用说反。
30. 答案:A
题干:Why does the author mention a breeze?
解析:微风用较干空气替换布面湿层,使表面继续释放水汽;它不是直接供热,也不是把液体像泵一样抽走。
31. 答案:A
题干:What is the best title for the passage?
解析:全文解释摊开毛巾为何更快干,并分析形状、温度、湿度和气流共同作用,A最能概括中心。
32. 答案:B
题干:What limits the two records of the flood level?
解析:笔记本的船位可能移动,照片又没有比例尺,所以两者都只能提供有限证据;其他选项夸大或捏造了限制。
33. 答案:C
题干:Why were the flood mark, notebook and photograph displayed together?
解析:三种材料并置并配说明,是为了展示每项记录能支持什么、证据边界在哪里;不是装饰、投票或证明照片取景点。
34. 答案:A
题干:Why did the curators keep the uncertainty visible?
解析:策展人担心四舍五入的估计日后会被引用成精确测量,所以保留不确定性;B与正文所说的照片没有比例尺相反,C与笔记和照片存在差异相反,D也不是文章给出的理由。
35. 答案:D
题干:What principle does the Riverton display illustrate?
解析:文章用水痕、笔记和照片说明应区分观察与推断,公开证据边界才能让历史更可信;其他选项都否定了这一原则。
第二节 七选五(36—40)
36. 答案:A
解析:前句承认作者未知,A把这种诚实转化为证据边界,并把读者注意力带回物件;G要求编造确定故事,B则属于后面的具体例子。
37. 答案:B
解析:修复把手是具体例子,B说明它引出关于使用经历的问题而不武断定论;其余选项分别错置到不确定性、时间或证据规则。
38. 答案:C
解析:前句谈标签长度和观看时间,C概括简洁文字如何让物件保持焦点;D应放在下一段的证据边界,E是结尾收束。
39. 答案:D
解析:前句禁止把猜测当事实,D提出区分所见与推测的具体原则;A、C、E分别属于其他段落功能。
40. 答案:E
解析:结尾说问题应属于物件本身,E把读者重新指向可观察特征,完成全文收束;其余选项会重复或违背开放探究。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节 完形填空(41—55)
41. 答案:A
解析:叙述者一开始认为修理很快,certain与这种自信相符;其他词不能表达这一心理。
42. 答案:C
解析:他觉得逐一标记螺钉没有必要,unnecessary与后文勉强接受的态度吻合。
43. 答案:B
解析:第一次修好只维持一分钟,信心随即消失,vanished符合因果变化。
44. 答案:D
解析:维护记录改变了修理的性质:问题从松线变成受环境震动影响的机件,shape表示工作的性质。
45. 答案:A
解析:叙述者原想要快速得到答案,answer与后文测试方案形成对照。
46. 答案:B
解析:毛毡应缓冲下一次冲击,cushion表示减少震动传给机芯;其余动词不合物理语境。
47. 答案:B
解析:放好毛毡后他们重复同一关门测试,repeating使验证顺序清楚;其他选项不能描述测试动作。
48. 答案:B
解析:宣布修好前必须把变化测试两次,tested是唯一符合验证步骤的动词。
49. 答案:A
解析:Sam早已从旧记录中注意到规律,但等叙述者自己联系停表现象,noticed符合认知先后。
50. 答案:C
解析:真正重要的是钟的mechanism及其工作状态,而非外壳是否漂亮;其他名词不能解释失时原因。
51. 答案:A
解析:mistake A for B是固定结构,句意是他们不再把猜测误当成事实,而开始记录可观察的变化;recording不能与for facts构成同样的意思,folding和weighing也不合语境。
52. 答案:B
解析:Sam提出笔记本应同时记录修理和环境条件,suggested明确补出提议来源。
53. 答案:A
解析:耐心的方法需要反复观察,patient与“takes longer”构成因果。
54. 答案:B
解析:两次测试成功后方法变得可靠,dependable说明可在类似条件下信任。
55. 答案:C
解析:最后叙述者理解了失时原因,understood完成全文认知转变。
第二节 语法填空(56—65)
56. 答案:with
解析:主动结构中tie the two pieces together ___ a thin cord,with表示使用的工具或材料;by和to都不能自然放入该结构。
57. 答案:a
解析:stable position是首次泛指的单数可数名词短语,填a;an不符合stable的发音,the没有特指依据。
58. 答案:unexpectedly
解析:turn后需要修饰动作方式的副词unexpectedly,形容词和名词不能承担该状语功能。
59. 答案:leaving
解析:逗号后的leaving引导结果分词短语,说明折叠边缘造成的结果;leave和left不能构成此处的分词结构。
60. 答案:whose
解析:先行词maker与knots构成所属关系,填whose;who、that、which都不能表达这种所属限定。
61. 答案:responds
解析:rises、turns和responds构成并列的一般现在时,主语the kite为第三人称单数;will respond和responded破坏时态与并列。
62. 答案:more useful
解析:than引出比较对象,需用比较级more useful;useful和most useful不能与than组成正确比较结构。
63. 答案:adjustment
解析:every后接单数可数名词,adjustment表示每一次调整;adjustments违反数一致,adjusted不能作名词中心。
64. 答案:added
解析:is then已经提供被动语态助动词,空格只填过去分词added;is added会重复助动词,adding不符合被动结构。
65. 答案:and
解析:both...and...是固定并列结构,连接light和strong enough;or、but都会破坏该结构。
第三部分 写作
第一节 应用文写作(66)
66. 答案:参考答案
解析:围绕开放日展台的试行申请、具体布置与安全安排、专家建议和反馈调整展开。
参考范文
Dear Ms. Chen,
I am Li Hua from the school history club. May we pilot a “touch-and-trace” table at our open day, where visitors can follow a raised map of the old canal district? The activity would help younger students connect street names with the town’s changing work.
We would place the map on a low, stable board and provide washable tracing sheets beside it. A short card would explain that the raised lines are our teaching model, not an exact survey. Volunteers would keep the table clear and guide visitors to use clean hands.
Could you advise us on the map’s historical labels and allow a one-hour trial before the event? I can send photographs of the layout and a feedback form afterwards. We would revise or remove the station if it causes confusion.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
写作指导
第一段交代教育用途并申请试行;第二段说明地图、材料和卫生引导;第三段请求历史标注建议、活动前试用并承诺依据反馈调整。
第二节 读后续写(67)
67. 答案:参考答案
解析:两段续写都从给定动作出发,先通过天气记录和小范围试验推进分歧,再利用已有夹子、纸张和墙面完成可验证的调整;结尾保留开放日展示目标,并呈现两人对“改变形式仍可履行承诺”的共同理解。
参考续写
Mara tightened her grip on the upper bar and looked at Eli. Eli pointed to the weather log and said they still had time for one careful trial. Mara folded the lower edge to her pencil mark and moved a clip from the exposed corner to the sheltered side. They raised the frame halfway, watched the marked stars, and lowered it when the string pulled tight. The display lost some height, but every constellation remained visible from the path. They recorded the new position before the next gust arrived.
Eli held the frame against the wall while Mara studied the remaining clips. They tested the frame at two angles, using the wall only as a shield while they checked the clips. When one star tore, Mara used the spare paper to reinforce its center, and Eli wrote down which corner each clip held. The wind still moved the paper, yet it no longer snapped against the bar. They placed a short note beside the display explaining that the shape had been adjusted for safety. By opening time, both understood that keeping a promise could include changing its form.
写作指导
续写应围绕风力变化、展示高度与安全之间的协商展开,保持Mara和Eli、展架、夹子、墙面和纸张的状态连续。
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