Unit 2 Home Sweet Home Can ／ Could 表示请求与许可（核心语法精练）2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

**基本信息** 以核心规则图谱为统领，通过分层训练与语境应用，系统构建Can/Could请求与许可的语法体系，提升语言运用能力与应试技巧。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心规则图谱|1页结构化图谱|提炼“考点-结构-判断抓手-陷阱”四要素|从核心概念（请求/许可）到细节规则（情态动词后接原形、回应逻辑）层层递进| |考点精讲|5个考点|抓规则、辨语境、破易错，结合例句解析|按“请求对方-请求许可-结构规范-语境辨析-回应逻辑”逻辑链展开| |基础过关|25题（单选/填空/转换）|分题型强化基础应用|从单一语法点到句式转换，逐步提升语言表达准确性| |易错突破|5个高频错误|练“发现-修正-解释”三步法|针对情态动词后接不定式、回应误用等典型错误，培养批判性思维| |综合应用|2篇原创语篇（10空）|真实语境中综合运用|回归教材主题（家务、待客），实现语法知识向语用能力迁移|

Unit 2 Home Sweet Home｜核心语法精练 八年级上册 · 原卷版 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 原卷版 Can / Could 表示请求与许可 核心规则图谱 · 高频陷阱 · 分层训练 · 原创语篇 礼貌请求 请求许可 情态动词 40题＋2篇 》》》内容导航《《《 01 核心规则图谱 用一页结构化理解本单元语法 02 考点精讲 抓规则、辨语境、破易错 03 基础过关 单选＋语法填空＋句型转换，共25题 04 易错突破 5个高频错误，练“发现—修正—解释” 05 综合应用 2篇原创语篇，共10空，回到真实语境 教材定位：教材 Unit 2 围绕家务、布置房间和接待客人展开，核心语法是用 can/could 礼貌提出请求、请求许可并作恰当回应。 》》》核心规则图谱《《《 考点 核心结构 判断抓手 高频陷阱 请求对方做事 Can/Could you (please) + V...? 主语是 you，动作由对方完成 could 更委婉，不表示过去 请求许可 Can/Could I + V...? 主语是 I，询问自己能否做 回答许可时用 can，不用 could 情态动词结构 can/could + 动词原形 情态动词后看原形 不能 could to help / can helping 肯定回应 Sure./Of course./No problem. 看请求是否可接受 避免只回 Yes, I could 婉拒请求 Sorry, I can’t right now. 拒绝后可补原因或替代方案 语气要礼貌完整 》》》考点精讲《《《 ▶ 考点1：Can/Could you...?——请别人帮忙 规则 Can you...? 较直接自然；Could you...? 更委婉礼貌。please 可放在 you 后或句末。 例句 Could you please open the window? / Can you help me move the chair? 避坑 这里的 could 是礼貌程度，不是过去时。 ▶ 考点2：Can/Could I...?——请求许可 规则 说话人询问自己是否可以做某事，用 Can/Could I + 动词原形。 例句 Could I use your phone for a minute? / Can I put the flowers here? 避坑 回答“可以”通常说 Yes, you can. / Of course.，不说 Yes, you could。 ▶ 考点3：情态动词后必须接动词原形 规则 can/could 没有人称和数变化，后面直接接动词原形。 例句 She can help with the chores. / Could you hang up the photos? 避坑 He cans... ✗；could to clean... ✗。 ▶ 考点4：请求与许可的语境辨析 规则 看“谁来做动作”：you 做→请求；I/we 做→请求许可或建议。 例句 Could you sweep the floor?（请求） / Could I leave a little earlier?（许可） 避坑 不要只看 Can/Could，要看主语和动作承担者。 ▶ 考点5：回应要符合交际逻辑 规则 肯定回应可用 Sure./Certainly./Of course./No problem.；不能满足时要礼貌说明。 例句 —Could you take out the rubbish? —Sure. / Sorry, I’m doing my homework now. 避坑 请求不是知识问答，答语要体现“答应/拒绝”。 》》》基础过关《《《 A. 单项选择（每题只有一个最佳答案） 1. —________ you please help me hang up these photos? —Sure. A. Must B. Could C. Should D. May 2. —Could I use the living room for our study group? —________. A. Yes, you could B. Of course you can C. No, I could not D. You are 3. Can you ________ the floor before the guests arrive? A. sweeps B. sweeping C. sweep D. to sweep 4. —Could you take the dog for a walk? —________. I have to finish my project first. A. No problem B. Sure C. Sorry, I can’t right now D. Yes, I could 5. —________ I put my bag on this chair? —Yes, of course. A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need 6. “Could you close the door?”中 could 的主要作用是 ________. A. 表示过去能力 B. 表示更加礼貌 C. 表示必须 D. 表示将来 7. —Can I invite Tina to dinner tonight? —________. A. Yes, you can B. Yes, you could C. Yes, I can D. No, you don’t 8. Which sentence is a request for help? A. Could I sit here? B. Could you carry this box for me? C. Can I open the window? D. May I come in? 9. —Can you help me ________ ready for the family dinner? —Sure. A. get B. gets C. getting D. to getting 10. —Could I borrow your umbrella? —________. I need it myself. A. Certainly B. No problem C. Sorry, I’m afraid not D. Of course you could 11. Which sentence is the most polite in a formal situation? A. Open the window. B. Can you open the window? C. Could you please open the window? D. You open the window. 12. —Could you please not ________ so loudly? The baby is sleeping. A. talk B. talks C. talked D. talking B. 语法填空（用括号内词的正确形式或适当词填空） 13. 1. Could you ________ (clean) the table after dinner? 14. 2. ________ I use your computer for ten minutes? 15. 3. Can you please ________ (bring) two more chairs? 16. 4. —Could I open the window? —Yes, you ________. 17. 5. —Could you take out the rubbish? —Sorry, I ________ right now. 18. 6. Could you please ________ (not leave) your shoes in the hall? 19. 7. ________ you help me prepare the guest room, please? 20. 8. My brother can ________ (cook) a simple meal by himself. C. 句型转换（按要求完成句子） 21. 1. Please help me move the sofa.（改为更礼貌的请求） 22. 2. Is it OK if I use your desk?（用 could 改写） 23. 3. Could you please wash the dishes?（作肯定回答） 24. 4. Can I stay here for a while?（作否定回答并保持礼貌） 25. 5. Could you please speak more slowly?（改为否定请求：请不要说得那么快） 》》》易错突破《《《 判断下列句子是否正确；如有错误，请改正。 1. 1. Could you to help me carry the luggage? 2. 2. —Could I use your phone? —Yes, you could. 3. 3. Can she helps us clean the kitchen? 4. 4. Could you please don’t leave the door open? 5. 5. —Could you sweep the floor? —Yes, I do. 》》》综合应用《《《 语篇 1｜Getting Ready for Guests Mum: The guests will arrive soon. 1 ________ you please put the cups on the table? Leo: Sure. 2 ________ I move the flowers to the window? Mum: Yes, you 3 ________. And can you 4 ________ (check) the guest room too? Leo: No problem. Could you please 5 ________ (not worry)? Everything will be ready. 语篇 2｜Chores at Home Dad: 1 ________ you take out the rubbish after dinner? Mia: Sorry, I 2 ________ right now. I have an online class. Dad: That’s OK. 3 ________ you do it at eight? Mia: Sure. And 4 ________ I use your car-cleaning cloth later? Dad: Of course you 5 ________. 》》》自我诊断《《《 36—40：稳定掌握｜30—35：回看易错点后二刷｜＜30：先重学规则图谱，再做基础过关 内容依据本册教材语法与主题语境重新编写｜题目与解析均为原创设计 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Home Sweet Home｜核心语法精练 八年级上册 · 解析版 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 解析版 Can / Could 表示请求与许可 核心规则图谱 · 高频陷阱 · 分层训练 · 原创语篇 礼貌请求 请求许可 情态动词 40题＋2篇 》》》内容导航《《《 01 核心规则图谱 用一页结构化理解本单元语法 02 考点精讲 抓规则、辨语境、破易错 03 基础过关 单选＋语法填空＋句型转换，共25题 04 易错突破 5个高频错误，练“发现—修正—解释” 05 综合应用 2篇原创语篇，共10空，回到真实语境 教材定位：教材 Unit 2 围绕家务、布置房间和接待客人展开，核心语法是用 can/could 礼貌提出请求、请求许可并作恰当回应。 》》》核心规则图谱《《《 考点 核心结构 判断抓手 高频陷阱 请求对方做事 Can/Could you (please) + V...? 主语是 you，动作由对方完成 could 更委婉，不表示过去 请求许可 Can/Could I + V...? 主语是 I，询问自己能否做 回答许可时用 can，不用 could 情态动词结构 can/could + 动词原形 情态动词后看原形 不能 could to help / can helping 肯定回应 Sure./Of course./No problem. 看请求是否可接受 避免只回 Yes, I could 婉拒请求 Sorry, I can’t right now. 拒绝后可补原因或替代方案 语气要礼貌完整 》》》考点精讲《《《 ▶ 考点1：Can/Could you...?——请别人帮忙 规则 Can you...? 较直接自然；Could you...? 更委婉礼貌。please 可放在 you 后或句末。 例句 Could you please open the window? / Can you help me move the chair? 避坑 这里的 could 是礼貌程度，不是过去时。 ▶ 考点2：Can/Could I...?——请求许可 规则 说话人询问自己是否可以做某事，用 Can/Could I + 动词原形。 例句 Could I use your phone for a minute? / Can I put the flowers here? 避坑 回答“可以”通常说 Yes, you can. / Of course.，不说 Yes, you could。 ▶ 考点3：情态动词后必须接动词原形 规则 can/could 没有人称和数变化，后面直接接动词原形。 例句 She can help with the chores. / Could you hang up the photos? 避坑 He cans... ✗；could to clean... ✗。 ▶ 考点4：请求与许可的语境辨析 规则 看“谁来做动作”：you 做→请求；I/we 做→请求许可或建议。 例句 Could you sweep the floor?（请求） / Could I leave a little earlier?（许可） 避坑 不要只看 Can/Could，要看主语和动作承担者。 ▶ 考点5：回应要符合交际逻辑 规则 肯定回应可用 Sure./Certainly./Of course./No problem.；不能满足时要礼貌说明。 例句 —Could you take out the rubbish? —Sure. / Sorry, I’m doing my homework now. 避坑 请求不是知识问答，答语要体现“答应/拒绝”。 》》》基础过关《《《 A. 单项选择（每题只有一个最佳答案） 1. —________ you please help me hang up these photos? —Sure. A. Must B. Could C. Should D. May 【答案】B 【关键判断】Could you please...? 是礼貌请求。 2. —Could I use the living room for our study group? —________. A. Yes, you could B. Of course you can C. No, I could not D. You are 【答案】B 【关键判断】请求许可的肯定回答常用 Of course you can。 3. Can you ________ the floor before the guests arrive? A. sweeps B. sweeping C. sweep D. to sweep 【答案】C 【关键判断】情态动词 can 后用动词原形。 4. —Could you take the dog for a walk? —________. I have to finish my project first. A. No problem B. Sure C. Sorry, I can’t right now D. Yes, I could 【答案】C 【关键判断】后句说明暂时做不了，应礼貌拒绝。 5. —________ I put my bag on this chair? —Yes, of course. A. Could B. Should C. Must D. Need 【答案】A 【关键判断】主语 I，询问自己能否做，属于请求许可。 6. “Could you close the door?”中 could 的主要作用是 ________. A. 表示过去能力 B. 表示更加礼貌 C. 表示必须 D. 表示将来 【答案】B 【关键判断】此处 could 用来弱化语气、提高礼貌程度。 7. —Can I invite Tina to dinner tonight? —________. A. Yes, you can B. Yes, you could C. Yes, I can D. No, you don’t 【答案】A 【关键判断】Can I...? 的许可回答对应 you can。 8. Which sentence is a request for help? A. Could I sit here? B. Could you carry this box for me? C. Can I open the window? D. May I come in? 【答案】B 【关键判断】主语 you 承担动作，属于请求别人帮忙。 9. —Can you help me ________ ready for the family dinner? —Sure. A. get B. gets C. getting D. to getting 【答案】A 【关键判断】can + 动词原形 get。 10. —Could I borrow your umbrella? —________. I need it myself. A. Certainly B. No problem C. Sorry, I’m afraid not D. Of course you could 【答案】C 【关键判断】不能借时用礼貌拒绝。 11. Which sentence is the most polite in a formal situation? A. Open the window. B. Can you open the window? C. Could you please open the window? D. You open the window. 【答案】C 【关键判断】Could you please...? 委婉程度最高。 12. —Could you please not ________ so loudly? The baby is sleeping. A. talk B. talks C. talked D. talking 【答案】A 【关键判断】Could you please not + 动词原形。 B. 语法填空（用括号内词的正确形式或适当词填空） 13. 1. Could you ________ (clean) the table after dinner? 【答案】clean 【关键判断】could 后接动词原形。 14. 2. ________ I use your computer for ten minutes? 【答案】Could/Can 【关键判断】请求许可可用 Could I / Can I。 15. 3. Can you please ________ (bring) two more chairs? 【答案】bring 【关键判断】can 后用原形。 16. 4. —Could I open the window? —Yes, you ________. 【答案】can 【关键判断】许可回答用 can。 17. 5. —Could you take out the rubbish? —Sorry, I ________ right now. 【答案】can’t 【关键判断】根据语境礼貌拒绝。 18. 6. Could you please ________ (not leave) your shoes in the hall? 【答案】not leave 【关键判断】Could you please not + 动词原形。 19. 7. ________ you help me prepare the guest room, please? 【答案】Can/Could 【关键判断】两者都可提出请求。 20. 8. My brother can ________ (cook) a simple meal by himself. 【答案】cook 【关键判断】can 后接动词原形。 C. 句型转换（按要求完成句子） 21. 1. Please help me move the sofa.（改为更礼貌的请求） 【答案】Could you please help me move the sofa? 【关键判断】用 Could you please + 动词原形。 22. 2. Is it OK if I use your desk?（用 could 改写） 【答案】Could I use your desk? 【关键判断】Could I...? 用于礼貌请求许可。 23. 3. Could you please wash the dishes?（作肯定回答） 【答案】Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 【关键判断】请求的答语要体现愿意帮助。 24. 4. Can I stay here for a while?（作否定回答并保持礼貌） 【答案】Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t. 【关键判断】礼貌拒绝可用 Sorry, I’m afraid...。 25. 5. Could you please speak more slowly?（改为否定请求：请不要说得那么快） 【答案】Could you please not speak so fast? 【关键判断】否定请求用 not + 动词原形。 》》》易错突破《《《 判断下列句子是否正确；如有错误，请改正。 1. 1. Could you to help me carry the luggage? 【答案】Could you help me carry the luggage? 【关键判断】could 后不接 to，直接用原形。 2. 2. —Could I use your phone? —Yes, you could. 【答案】—Could I use your phone? —Yes, you can. 【关键判断】表示许可的答语用 can。 3. 3. Can she helps us clean the kitchen? 【答案】Can she help us clean the kitchen? 【关键判断】can 后动词不加 -s。 4. 4. Could you please don’t leave the door open? 【答案】Could you please not leave the door open? 【关键判断】礼貌否定请求用 not，不用 don’t。 5. 5. —Could you sweep the floor? —Yes, I do. 【答案】—Could you sweep the floor? —Sure. / Yes, I can. 【关键判断】情态动词问句用 can/could 回应；交际中用 Sure 更自然。 》》》综合应用《《《 语篇 1｜Getting Ready for Guests Mum: The guests will arrive soon. 1 ________ you please put the cups on the table? Leo: Sure. 2 ________ I move the flowers to the window? Mum: Yes, you 3 ________. And can you 4 ________ (check) the guest room too? Leo: No problem. Could you please 5 ________ (not worry)? Everything will be ready. 【答案】 1. Could/Can 2. Could/Can 3. can 4. check 5. not worry 1. you 做动作→礼貌请求。 2. I 做动作→请求许可。 3. 许可肯定回答用 can。 4. can 后用原形。 5. Could you please not + 原形。 语篇 2｜Chores at Home Dad: 1 ________ you take out the rubbish after dinner? Mia: Sorry, I 2 ________ right now. I have an online class. Dad: That’s OK. 3 ________ you do it at eight? Mia: Sure. And 4 ________ I use your car-cleaning cloth later? Dad: Of course you 5 ________. 【答案】 1. Could/Can 2. can’t 3. Could/Can 4. could/can 5. can 1. 提出请求。 2. 根据后文暂时不能。 3. 再次提出请求。 4. 请求许可。 5. 许可回答用 can。 》》》自我诊断《《《 36—40：稳定掌握｜30—35：回看易错点后二刷｜＜30：先重学规则图谱，再做基础过关 内容依据本册教材语法与主题语境重新编写｜题目与解析均为原创设计 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $