内容正文:
Unit 5
Hello!
Languages Around the World
单元核心知识
词性转换
system
systematic adj.系统的
n.体系;制度;系统
['sIstam]
systematically adv.系统地
refer
vi.&vt.提到;参考;
→reference n.参考;查阅
[rm'f3:(r]
查阅;查询;叫…求助于
base
t.以…为据点;
based adj.以(某事)为基础的;
以…为基础
以…为重要部分(或特征)的
[beIs]
n.底部;根据
→basic adj.基本的;基础的
variety
n.(植物、语言等的)变体;
→vary vi.不同;变化
Hello
Bonjou
[va'rarati]
异体;多样化
various ad.不同的;各种各样的
你好Hola
appreciate
t.欣赏;重视;感激;领会
appreciation n.欣赏;感激;
[a'pri:fieIt]
vi增值
领会;重视
regard
n.尊重;关注
[rI'ga:d]
t.把…视为;看待
regarding prep.关于
global
→
ad.全球的;全世界的
globally adv.全球地;
['glaubl]
全世界地
8
specific
ad.特定的;明确的;
specifically adv.特定地;
[spa'sIfik]
具体的
明确地;具体地
major
ad,主要的;重要的;大的
n.
主修课程;主修学生
ma可jority n.多数;大多数
['meid3a(r)]
vi.主修;专门研究
【辩析】
major作形容词表示“主要的”;作名词表示“主修课程/专业;主修学生”。
relate
一related adj.相关的;有联系的
vt.联系;讲述
[rI'leIt]
→relation n.关系;联系
Unit 5
Hello
Bonjour
Languages Around the World
Hola
English
单元核心知识
【Francais
Espanol
词性转换(续)
symbol ['srmbl]
→symbolic ad,象征的;象征性的
n.符号;象征
→symbolise vt..象征;是的象征
12
civilisation [,srvalar'zerfn]
→civilised ad.文明的
6000
n.文明;文明世界
13
equal ['i:kwal]
→equally adv.相同地;同样地
n.同等的人;相等物
→
equality n.平等
ad.相同的;同样的
14
demand [dI'ma:nd]
→
demanding ad,要求高的;苛求的
n.要求;需求vt.强烈要求;需要
vi.查问
5
description [dI'skrIpfn]
→describe vt..描述;描写
n.描写(文字);形容
核心单词
单词
音标
词性
释义
搭配
billion
['brljan]
十亿
bil训lions of数十亿的
native
本地的
native language母语;
['nertIv]
adj.n.
n.本地人
be native to原产于
attitude
[英'etitju:d;
attitude to/towards
美'aetrtu:d]
n.
态度;看法
对…的态度
system
['sIstam]
n
体系;制度;系统
writing system书写体系
Unit 5
Hello!
Languages Around the World
单元核心知识
二、核心单词(续)
单词
音标
词性
释义
搭配
despite
despite the fact
[dI'spart]
prep.
即使;尽管
that尽管事实是…
factor
['faekta(r)]
a key factor in
n.
因素;要素
……中的关键因素
方式;方法;
a means of一种…方式;
means
[mi:nz]
n.
途径
by this means用这种方法
亨【提醒】means单复数同形,
a means of表示"一种…方式”。
传统的;最优秀的;
classic
classic literature
['klaesIk]
adj.n.
典型的
古典文学
n.经典作品;名著
尊重;关注
regard...as...
regard
[n'ga:d]
n.vt.
t.把…视为
把…看作…
看待
【辨析】regard A as B=view A as B=
consider A(tobe)B,表示“把A看作B”。
character ['kaerakta(r)]
文字;符号;
Chinese characters
n
角色;品质;特点
汉字
Unit 5
Languages Around the World
单元核心知识
明二、
核心单词(续)
单词
音标
词性
释义
搭配
calligraphy
[ka'lrgrafi]
n.
书法;
Chinese calligraphy
书法艺术
中国书法
NEWS
affair
[a'fea(r)]
公共事务;
public affairs
n.
事件;关系
公共事务
struggle for
struggle
['strAgl]
斗争;奋斗;
为…奋斗;
n.vi.
搏斗
struggle with
与…斗争
GAS
gas
[gaes]
n.
汽油;气体;
gas station
燃气
加油站
(英式英语;
petrol
petrol station
['petral]
n.
美式英语用gas)
加油站
汽油
Subway
(美式英语;
subway
['sAbwer]
英式英语用
take the subway
n.
underground)
乘地铁
地铁
Unit 5
Languages Around the World
单元核心知识
A角
二、
核心单词(续)》
单词
音标
词性
释义
搭配
(尤其美式英语)
apartment
[a'pa:tmant]
n.
公寓套房
gap
[gaep]
n.
间隔;开口;差距
vocabulary
[英va'kaebjaleri;
n.
词汇
美va'kaebjaleri]
三、重点短语
pay attention to
注意
neither ..nor ..
既不…也不…
neither
date back to /date from
追溯到
【易错】
date back to=date from,常用一般现在时,
无被动语态。
no longer
不再
NO
LONGER
play a great role in
在…中发挥重要作用
refer to
谈到;指的是;查阅
【辨析】
refer to可表示“指的是;提到;查阅”,
翻译时要看上下文。
Unit 5 Languages Around the World
单元核心知识
三、
重点短语(续)
7.ups and downs
8.point of view
浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
观点;看法
9.have problems/trouble with
10.relate to
在…方面有困难
与…相关;涉及
11.refer to a dictionary
12.refer to…as…
查词典
A-Z
称…为…
refer to
as
13.be based on
14.a variety of
以…为基础
各种各样的
【易错】be based on表示“以…为基础”,
base...on..表示“把…建立在…基础上”。
15.be of great importance
16.the reason why...is that...
非常重要
…的原因是
17.meet/satisfy one's demands
满足某人的要求
Unit 5
Languages Around the World
单元核心知识
四、重点句型
句型:There are many reasons why.
Learn
结构分析:why引导定语从句,修饰先行词reasons,
another
why在从句中作原因状语,可理解为for which。
language
教材原句:There are many reasons why this has been possible,.
句型仿写:There are many reasons why students should
learn another language.
中文:…有许多原因。
句型:It was a time when.
结构分析:when引导定语从句,修饰先行词time
when在从句中作时间状语。
教材原句:It was a time when people were divided geographically,
句型仿写:It was a time when Chinese characters began to
汉字
develop quickly.
中文:·
那是一个…的时期。
句型:where...began to.
结构分析:where引导定语从句,修饰地点类先行词country,
where在从句中作地点状语。
教材原句:Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states
博物馆
into one unified country where the Chinese writing system
began to develop in one direction.
句型仿写:We visited a museum where we began to understand
书
Chinese calligraphy.
中文:…在那里开始…。
句型:.a means by which…
Connect
结构分析:介词+which引导定语从句;by which修饰means,
English
表示“通过这种方式”。
the world
教材原句:Written Chinese has also become an important means
by which China's present is connected with its past.
句型仿写:English is a useful means by which we can learn about the world.
中文:…是…的一种重要方式。
Unit 5 Languages Around the World
单元核心知识
五、
核心语法
限制性定语从句(二):关系副词与“介词+关系代词”
学习目标:
能用when,where,why以及“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句,
并能区分关系代词和关系副词。
关系副词的功能:
关系副词在从句中作状语,不能作主语或宾语。
When:修饰表示时间的先行词,在从句中作时间状语。
月月9月
例:It was a time when people were divided
geographically.
when常可转换为in/on/at which。
where:修饰表示地点或抽象地点的先行词,在从句中作地点状语。
This is the place where the language developed.
where常可转换为in/at/on which。
why:修饰reason,
在从句中作原因状语。
Hello
Hola
例:There are many reasons why people learn
a foreign language
Bonjour
why常可转换为for which。
Unit 5 Languages
Around the World
Hello
单元核心知识
Bonjour
Hola
门五、核心语法
限制性定语从句(二):关系副词与“介词+关系代词”
变三、关系副词和关系代词的区别
·如果从句缺主语或宾语,用关系代词that/which/who/whom。
·如果从句主干完整,只缺时间、地点或原因状语,用关系副词
when/where/why.
对比:
This is the city that I visited last year.visited缺宾语,所以用that/which。.
对比:
This is the city where I lived last year.lived不缺宾语,where作地点状语。
四、“介词+关系代词”
结构:介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)。
例
Written Chinese has become a means by which China's present is
Chinese
connected with its past.
例
The person to whom I spoke is my teacher.
注意:
介词提前时不能用that,也不能用who代替whom。
五、reason的用法
a
1
the reason why..表示“…的原因”,why在从句中作原因状语。
English
That is the reason why I want to learn Chinese
Chinese
2
the reason that/which..中that/which在从句中作主语或宾语。
Frencn
例月The reason that he gave sounds reasonable.
that作gave的宾语。
Spanish
3
表语从句中常用The reason why..is that.…;表达“原因是.”时,
表语从句通常用that引导,避免用because引导。
Languages are bridges between cultures!
H
解1
Unit 5 Languages
Around the World
EN-中
词典
Bonjour!
单元核心知识
五、核心语法
限制性定语从句(二):关系副词与“介词+关系代词”
六、
where的抽象地点用法
situation
where不只修饰具体地点,也可修饰situation case point stage等抽象地点名词。
case
point
We have reached a point where we must make a decision.
stage
There are cases where this rule does not work.
七、更多例句
1.I still remember the day when I first tried Chinese calligraphy.
2.The school where I study has many language clubs.
3.This is the reason why written Chinese has survived for so long.
4.The book in which I found the answer is on the desk.
5.The girl with whom I practised pronunciation speaks Chinese well.
判断步骤
找先行词,判断它表示人、物、时间、地点还是原因。
先行词
2
分析定语从句是否缺主语、宾语或定语;如果缺这些成分,用关系代词。
如果从句主干完整,只缺时间、地点或原因状语,再考虑when,where,why。
看成分
7
④
如果关系词前有介词,指物用which,指人用whom。
定关系词
九、
学习提醒
选择关系词时,不能只看中文意思,要把先行词代回从句中判断成分。