Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage（Word学生用书）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版）

**基本信息** 该同步练习聚焦过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态，通过“感知-应用-拓展”三阶分层设计，构建从语法规则理解到综合语言输出的知识巩固路径，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础感知层|两种被动语态的结构特征|通过短文加黑词感知，填空归纳语法规则，培养观察与归纳思维| |技能应用层|两种被动语态的句式转换|完成句子、语法填空，覆盖肯定/否定/疑问句式，强化语言应用能力| |综合拓展层|语法与词汇、句型的融合|结合limit/pour等词汇及形容词作状语句型，设计微写作，提升综合语言输出能力|

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 【重难语法•要攻克】 探究发现　1.过去完成　被动　之前　had been done 2.过去进行　被动　正在被做　was/were being done 即时演练1　①was being installed ②were not being addressed ③Were the contracts being signed ④Why was the package being returned ⑤was being delivered 即时演练2　①had been promised　②had been told ③had been sent　④had been told　⑤had been invited ⑥had been found 【核心知识•巧突破】 写作词汇集释 1.①to/on　②limited　③to ④limit your presentation to 15 minutes 2.①into　②to　③poured down her cheeks 重点句型解构 ①Eager and excited　②Tired from the long journey ③Too nervous 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态 阅读下面短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 　　Surprisingly， the whole city soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost①．Tom White， a local businessman， had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office．Tom was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the citizens， but it was not returned to him．Three months passed， and then one morning， when his breakfast was being prepared②， Tom heard someone knocking on his door．After opening the door， he found that his wallet had been placed③ outside his front door．It had been wrapped④ up in a newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost， along with a note saying， “A thief， yes， but only 50% a thief!” Two months later， some more money was sent to Tom with another note， “Only 25% a thief now!” Finally， all Tom’s money was returned in this funny way．The last note said， “I am 100% honest now．” 【我的发现】 1.加黑部分①③④使用了　　　　　　时的　　　　语态，表示在过去某一时间　　　已经被完成的动作，其结构是　　　　　。 2.加黑部分②使用了　　　　　　　　时的　　　　语态，表示过去某一特定时间某事　　　　　　，其结构是　　　　　　。 一、过去进行时的被动语态 1.定义 过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。谓语动词的主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者。 Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday． 昨天的这个时候，他们正在种树。 2.构成形式 过去进行时的被动语态构成形式为was/were being done。 （1）肯定句：主语＋was/were being done＋其他。 The old bridge was being repaired when the storm hit． 暴风雨来袭时，那座旧桥正在被维修。 （2）否定句：主语＋was/were not being done＋其他。 At 9 a．m．， the main road wasn’t being blocked yet， so traffic was still moving． 上午9点时，主干道还未被封锁，所以交通仍在运行。 The clothes weren’t being washed by my sister as she had a headache． 我姐姐没在洗衣服，因为她头疼。 （3）一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being done＋其他？ Was the patient being operated on at that time？ 那时病人正在被做手术吗？ Was a new station being built in this city？ 这个城市当时正在修建一个新车站吗？ （4）特殊疑问句：疑问词或词组＋was/were（＋主语）＋ being done＋其他？ Where were the children being looked after while their parents were away？ 父母不在时，孩子们正在哪里被照看？ What was being done to the machine then？ 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？ 3.基本用法 （1）过去进行时的被动语态强调在过去的某个时间点或某一段时间正在进行的被动动作。常与过去进行时的被动语态连用的时间状语有then， at this time yesterday， at that moment， yesterday afternoon， in 2022及when， the moment等时间状语或时间状语从句。 The flowers were being watered by the gardener at this time yesterday． 昨天这个时候，园丁正在给花浇水。 The house was being painted by the painters when he came in． 当他进来时，油漆工们正在给房子刷漆。 （2）过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：过去进行时的被动语态强调在过去的某个时间点或某一段时间正在进行的被动动作，而一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动的动作已经发生了。 The clothes were being washed by my mother at that moment．（表示正在进行的被动动作） 那一刻，我妈妈正在洗衣服。 Several patients were treated in the local hospital yesterday．（表示过去发生的被动动作） 昨天有几个病人在当地医院接受治疗。 【即时演练 1】　完成句子 ①While we were touring the factory， a new production line 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　． 当我们参观工厂时，一条新的生产线正在被安装。 ②During the meeting， their concerns 　　　　　　　　　　　　 seriously． 会议期间，他们的担忧并没有被认真对待。 ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the manager’s office when the fire alarm went off？ 当火警响起时，合同正在经理办公室被签署吗？ ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to the sender？ 为什么包裹正被退回给寄件人？ ⑤I’m sorry I didn’t answer your phone call， because at that time a lecture 　　　　　　　　　　　　 by my teacher． 对不起，我没有接你的电话，因为那时我的老师正在讲课。 二、过去完成时的被动语态 1.定义 过去完成时的被动语态表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的被动动作，且主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。 The task had been finished before 12：00 yesterday． 任务已于昨天12点前完成。 Had the new conclusion been discussed before the meeting？ 这个新结论在开会前被讨论过吗？ 2.构成形式 过去完成时的被动语态构成形式为had been done。 3.基本用法 （1）用在told， said， knew， thought等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被完成。 She knew that her application had been rejected long before the official notice arrived． 早在正式通知到达之前，她就知道自己的申请已经被拒绝了。 The man was reminded that his report had not been handed in． 那个男人被提醒说，他的报告还未提交。 （2）当before， when， by the time， until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by， before后接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 He had been trapped in the forest for five days by the time the rescue team arrived． 救援队抵达时，他已经在森林中被困了五天。 Hardly had the front door been opened when we could hear the applause for winners． 前门刚打开，我们就听到了献给获奖者的掌声。 （3）在It was the first/second/ ．．．time that ．．．从句中，主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 It was the first time that such a complex surgery had been performed successfully in our hospital． 那是第一次如此复杂的手术在我们医院被成功完成。 （4）在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 She would have felt much safer if she had been accompanied on that night walk． 如果那天晚上散步时有人陪伴她，她会感觉安全得多。 【即时演练 2】　单句语法填空 ①（外研选必二）They 　　　　　　　　　 （promise） money by family and friends for each day spent without using social media． ②Tom 　　　　　　　　 （tell） many times， but he still didn’t know how to deal with the problem by himself． ③He said the injured man 　　　　　　　 （send） to the nearest hospital by a kind taxi driver． ④If I 　　　　　　　　　　（tell） the truth earlier， I wouldn’t have made such a stupid decision． ⑤It was the first time that I 　　　　　　　　　　　 （invite） to such an important party． ⑥By the time the police arrived， the stolen car 　　　　　　　　　　 （find） abandoned in a nearby alley． 写作词汇集释 1.limit n．限度，限制；限量，限额；界限 vt．限制，限定；限量，减量→limited adj．有限的→limitless adj．无限制的，无界限的 教材原句　I ran my race relaxed and confident， even though my limits were being tested like never before．我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。 【用法】 （1）set a limit to ．．． 对……规定限度 beyond the limit　　超过限度 there is a/no limit to/on　　对……是有限的/无限的 limit ．．．to ．．．　　把……限定在……范围内 （2）be limited to　　受限于……，局限到…… 【佳句】　We must set a limit to our daily screen time for the sake of our eyesight． 为了我们视力的健康，我们必须为每日屏幕使用时间设定一个限度。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①There is no limit 　　　　　　 the age of participants in the club． ②The amount of money we have is so 　　　　 （limit） that we can’t buy the new house． ③Usually I limit my driving speed 　　　　 80 kilometers per hour while driving． 【写美】　微写作 ④请将你的演示控制在15分钟以内，以便留出提问时间。 Please 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to allow time for questions． 2.pour vt．& vi．倒，斟；倾倒，倒出；涌流，倾泻；下大雨 教材原句　Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them． 凯茜和我赶紧把水倒进杯子里给他们喝。 【用法】 pour down（雨）倾盆而下；倾泻；涌流 pour ．．．into ．．．　　把……倒进……；向……投入…… pour in　　涌进 pour out/open one’s heart to sb向某人敞开心扉；向某人倾诉衷肠 【佳句】　It suddenly started to pour down just as we were about to leave for the picnic． 就在我们准备出发去野餐时，天突然下起了倾盆大雨。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Up to now， the government has poured millions 　　　　　　 the education system． ②It was the first time that Anne had poured out her heart 　　　　　　 her mother． 【写美】　微写作 ③听到那个令人心碎的消息，泪水从她的脸颊上涌流下来。 Tears 　　　　　　　　　　　　 when she heard the heartbreaking news． 重点句型解构 ◇ 句型公式：形容词（短语）作状语 教材原句　I ran my race relaxed and confident， even though my limits were being tested like never before．我轻松自信地跑着比赛，尽管自己的极限正受到前所未有的考验。 【用法】 （1）形容词（短语）作状语时，通常说明主语的情况，即表示主语的性质、特点或处于某种状态等。 （2）形容词（短语）作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随情况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。 【品悟】　To his parents’ great relief， he came back， safe and sound． 他父母松了一口气，他安然无恙地回来了。 Anxious and unsure， he hesitated before knocking on the door． 他既焦虑又没把握，在敲门前犹豫了一下。 【写美】　微写作 ①观众既急切又兴奋，等待着音乐会开始。 　　　　　　　　， the audience waited for the concert begin． ②孩子们长途跋涉之后疲惫不堪，一上车就睡着了。 　　　　　　　　　　　　， the children fell asleep as soon as they got into the car． ③我太紧张了，刚开始考试的时候什么也想不起来。 　　　　　　　　， I couldn’t think of anything at the beginning of the exam． 完成课后作业　UNIT 2　Section Ⅱ 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $