专题06 Unit 6 When disaster strikes-【语境大串记】词汇语境串记单元学案-2026-2027学年初中英语外研版八年级上册

该初中英语学习任务单以“自然灾害”为主题，围绕外研版八年级上册Unit 6核心词汇，设计“语境引入-词形巩固-梯度应用-拓展循环”的递进式学习路径，通过语境串记短文、词形转变表、多题型练习及完整词汇表，构建从词汇记忆到综合应用的连贯知识体系。 亮点在于“语境串记与梯度复现”设计，以火山喷发、海啸等灾害情境短文整合单元词汇，结合英汉互译、词形变换等7类题型强化语言能力，“顽固词库”引导学生记录易错词培养学习能力，为教师实施单元复习提供系统支撑，促进学生深度学习与自主巩固。

专题06 第六单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（外研版） （ 知识点来源： 八年级上册 Unit 6 When disaster strikes ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 2 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 2 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 8 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 6 When disaster strikes，共57词） 10 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 12 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） When disaster strikes On a weekday morning, a tall volcano on the island began to erupt with a loud noise. Thick smoke and hot ash fell like a shower around the small town by the sea. The daylight grew dark, and the red sky made everyone feel afraid. People were scared and ran outside straight ahead into the open sand near the water. Mum shut all the windows at home, while Dad looked for the torch in the shadow. The volcanic eruption was shocking to every family that lived there. Soon after the quake, a terrible tsunami came and the flood rose fast. A hurricane brought a heavy rainstorm to the coast and the wind howled. The railway and the airline stopped their service at once in the town. Rescue teams began to search for a survivor in the cold and rising water. A news report on TV told the cause of the disaster clearly to us all. People's quick reaction saved many lives during that long and dark day. A short video of the wave spread on the phone and made the whole town sad. A brave and slim heroine survived the night and saved herself with an iron will. She was uncomfortable in the cold shelter and in great pain from a wound that made her bleed. She wore old jeans and gave encouraging words to the lost children by her side. Her warm voice helped the children who waited in the dark. The rescue work was complete by the morning when the rain finally stopped. We look forward to a safe tomorrow and honour the dead in our hearts, and we never forget the lesson that the quiet sea can turn wild. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 在一个工作日(weekday)的早晨，岛上的一座火山(volcano)开始喷发(erupt)，发出巨响。浓密的(thick)烟(smoke)和滚烫的灰(ash)像一阵(shower)落向小镇周围(around)。日光(daylight)变暗，红色的天空让每个人都感到害怕。人们很害怕(scared)，跑向室外的(outside)，笔直地(straight)向前(ahead)，冲进(into)水边开阔的沙(sand)地。妈妈在家关上(shut)了所有窗户，而(while)爸爸在阴影(shadow)里找火炬(torch)。这次火山的(volcanic)喷发(eruption)让住在那里的每个家庭都震惊(shocking)。 不久后，一场可怕的(terrible)海啸(tsunami)袭来，洪水(flood)迅速上涨。飓风(hurricane)给海岸带来暴风雨(rainstorm)，风在呼啸。铁路(railway)和航空(airline)公司立刻停止了服务(service)。救援队开始在水中搜寻(search)一名幸存者(survivor)。电视上的新闻报告(report)向我们清楚地讲出了灾难的起因(cause)。人们快速的反应(reaction)在那个漫长黑暗的白天救了许多生命。一段关于浪头的短视频(video)在手机上传开，令全镇悲伤。 一位勇敢的(brave)苗条的(slim)女英雄(heroine)活过黑夜，用钢铁般的(iron)意志救了她自己(herself)。她在寒冷的避难所里很不舒服(uncomfortable)，伤口(wound)的疼痛(pain)让她流血(bleed)。她穿着牛仔裤(jeans)，在黑暗中给大家照亮前路。她令人鼓舞的(encouraging)话语帮助了在黑暗中等待的迷失的(lost)孩子们。救援工作到早晨雨停时就完成(complete)了。我们向前看(forward)，在心里纪念(honour)逝者，永不忘记宁静的海也会变狂暴的教训。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 erupt v. （火山）爆发 eruption n. 爆发，喷发 2 survive v. 幸存，活下来 survivor n. 幸存者，生还者 3 encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞 encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的 4 brave adj. 勇敢的 bravely adv. 勇敢地 5 pain n. 疼痛，痛苦 painful adj. 疼痛的，痛苦的 6 comfort n./v. 安慰 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的，不舒适的 7 complete adj. 完整的 completely adv. 完全地，彻底地 8 volcano n. 火山 volcanic adj. 火山的，火山引起的 9 honour n. 荣幸，光荣 honour v. 尊敬，给予荣誉（名动同形） 10 iron n. 铁 iron adj. 极坚强的（名形同形） 11 shock n./v. 震惊 shocking adj. 惊人的，令人难以置信的 12 lose v. 丢失，丧失 lost adj. 不复存在的，迷失的 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（20题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 7/12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（12个） 1. volcano → __________ 2. tsunami → __________ 3. hurricane → __________ 4. flood → __________ 5. eruption → __________ 6. survivor → __________ 7. brave → __________ 8. wound → __________ 9. pain → __________ 10. shadow → __________ 11. torch → __________ 12. heroine → __________ 子题B：中译英（8个） 1. 火山 → __________ 2. 海啸 → __________ 3. 洪水 → __________ 4. 幸存者 → __________ 5. 勇敢的 → __________ 6. 伤口 → __________ 7. 疼痛 → __________ 8. 火炬 → __________ 【答案与解析】 子题A（英译中）： 1. volcano — 火山 2. tsunami — 海啸 3. hurricane — 飓风 4. flood — 洪水，水灾 5. eruption — （火山）爆发，喷发 6. survivor — 幸存者，生还者 7. brave — 勇敢的，无畏的 8. wound — 伤痛，伤害 9. pain — 疼，痛，疼痛 10. shadow — 阴影，阴暗处 11. torch — 火炬 12. heroine — 女主角，女主人公 子题B（中译英）： 1. volcano 2. tsunami 3. flood 4. survivor 5. brave 6. wound 7. pain 8. torch 题型2：词形变换（8题） 1. The sudden ________ (erupt) of the tall volcano on the quiet island woke the whole town at night. 答案：eruption 解析：岛上那座高火山在夜里突然爆发，惊醒了全镇的人；erupt 的名词 eruption 表示“爆发，喷发”（动词→名词）。 2. It is ________ (encourage) that the kind teacher's warm words helped the scared little child a lot. 答案：encouraging 解析：善良老师温暖的话语帮了那个受惊的小孩子很多，这令人鼓舞；encourage 的形容词 encouraging 表示“令人鼓舞的”（动词→形容词）。 3. When the heavy rain finally stopped, a few ________ (survive) were found near the cold and wide river bank. 答案：survivors 解析：大雨终于停后，在冰冷宽阔的河边发现了几名幸存者；survive 的名词 survivor 表示“幸存者”，此处用复数 survivors（动词→名词）。 4. After the long storm the small village was ________ (comfort) and very cold for many long days in winter. 答案：uncomfortable 解析：漫长风暴后，小村庄在冬天里许多天又不舒服又寒冷；comfort 的形容词 uncomfortable 表示“不舒服的”（名词→形容词，加否定前缀）。 5. Bravely, the slim girl ________ (save) herself and the little boy from the cold blue sea at night. 答案：saved 解析：那个苗条的女孩勇敢地把自己和那个小男孩从冰冷湛蓝的海里救了出来；save 的过去式 saved 表示“救”（一般过去时）。 6. We shared a ________ (pain) story about the hurt boy who cried in the cold rain yesterday morning. 答案：painful 解析：我们分享了一个疼痛的故事，关于那个在冷雨中哭泣的受伤男孩；pain 的形容词 painful 表示“疼痛的”（名词→形容词）。 7. The strong storm ________ (complete) destroyed the small bridge on the railway near the school last windy night. 答案：completely 解析：在昨晚有风的夜里，强风暴彻底摧毁了学校附近铁路上的小桥；complete 的副词 completely 表示“完全地”（形容词→副词）。 8. The ________ (shock) video of the big wave made the whole quiet town feel afraid and very sad. 答案：shocking 解析：那段关于大浪的令人震惊的视频让全镇安静的人们感到害怕和非常悲伤；shock 的形容词 shocking 表示“令人震惊的”（名词→形容词）。 题型3：短语填空（6题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： search for in honour of be scared of a shower of look forward to in pain 1. The hurt little dog lay ________ on the cold floor after the loud rainstorm yesterday morning. 答案：in pain 解析：句意： 昨天早上暴雨后，那只受伤的小狗躺在冰冷的地板上，很痛苦。；in pain 表示“在痛苦中”。 2. When the red volcano erupted, a ________ of hot ash covered the cars around the small school. 答案：a shower of 解析：句意： 红色火山喷发时，一阵热灰盖住了学校周围的小汽车。；a shower of 表示“一阵……”。 3. Many people began to ________ the lost children near the river at once after the big flood. 答案：search for 解析：句意： 大洪水过后，许多人立刻开始在河边搜寻那些迷失的孩子们。；search for 表示“搜寻，寻找”。 4. We ________ a safe tomorrow and a warm home after the terrible flood last winter month. 答案：look forward to 解析：句意： 去年冬天那场可怕的洪水过后，我们期盼着安全的明天和温暖的家。；look forward to 表示“盼望，期待”。 5. The town built a small green park ________ the brave heroes who saved many lives in the water. 答案：in honour of 解析：句意： 镇上建了一个小绿公园，纪念那些在水中救了许多生命的勇敢英雄。；in honour of 表示“为纪念，为向……表示敬意”。 6. Little Tom was ________ the loud thunder and hid under the bed with his mum last night. 答案：be scared of 解析：句意： 小汤姆害怕响亮的雷声，昨晚和妈妈一起藏在床底下。；be scared of 表示“害怕……”。 题型4：完成句子（5题） 1. 火山爆发时，那位勇敢的女孩救了她自己，并用火炬照亮了黑暗的房间。 When the tall volcano ________, the brave girl saved ________ and lit the dark room with a torch. 答案：erupted; herself 解析：句意： 火山爆发时，那位勇敢的女孩救了她自己，并用火炬照亮了黑暗的房间。；erupted 对应“爆发”；herself 对应“她自己”。 2. 洪水过后，救援队开始搜寻幸存者，一篇新闻报道讲述了灾难的起因。 After the big flood, the rescue team began to ________ for ________, and a report told the cause. 答案：search; survivors 解析：句意： 洪水过后，救援队开始搜寻幸存者，一篇新闻报道讲述了灾难的起因。；search 对应“搜寻”；survivors 对应“幸存者”。 3. 飓风带来暴风雨，铁路和航空公司的交通服务立刻在海上附近停止了。 The strong hurricane brought a ________, and the railway and airline ________ stopped at once near the sea. 答案：rainstorm; service 解析：句意： 飓风带来暴风雨，铁路和航空公司的交通服务立刻在海上附近停止了。；rainstorm 对应“暴风雨”；service 对应“交通服务”。 4. 那位苗条的女英雄忍着伤口的疼痛，在阴影里给大家鼓劲。 The slim ________ bore the pain of her deep wound and gave us hope in the dark ________. 答案：heroine; shadow 解析：句意： 那位苗条的女英雄忍着伤口的疼痛，在阴影里给大家鼓劲。；heroine 对应“女英雄”；shadow 对应“阴影”。 5. 我和家人向前看，纪念逝者，而那场可怕灾难的起因正是火山喷发。 My family and I ________ to a safe tomorrow and ________ the dead after the terrible winter flood. 答案：look forward; honour 解析：句意： 我和家人向前看，纪念逝者，而那场可怕灾难的起因正是火山喷发。；look forward 对应“向前看”；honour 对应“纪念”。 题型5：句型同义转换（5题） 1. The heavy rain caused a terrible flood in the small village last month. A terrible flood ________ ________ by the heavy rain in the small and quiet village last month. 答案： was caused 解析：句意： 上个月大雨在那个小村庄引发了一场可怕的洪水。；主动句变为被动句，谓语用 was caused 表示“由……造成”，caused 含单元目标词 cause；【转换类型：主动→被动】 2. The rescue team completed the work before the daylight came to the town. The work ________ ________ by the rescue team before the bright daylight came to the town. 答案： was completed 解析：句意： 救援队在镇上天亮之前完成了工作。；主动句变为被动句，谓语用 was completed 表示“被完成”，completed 含单元目标词 complete；【转换类型：主动→被动】 3. The shocking flood made everyone in the town run outside at once. The ________ flood made everyone in the small town run quickly outside at once in the morning. 答案： terrible 解析：句意： 那场可怕的洪水让镇上每个人都立刻跑到了室外。；shocking 与 terrible 近义，terrible 为单元目标词；【转换类型：近义词替换】 4. The slim girl acted brave and gave hope to the scared people by the cold sea. The slim girl acted ________ and gave great hope to the scared people by the cold sea. 答案： bravely 解析：句意： 那个苗条的女孩表现勇敢，给了寒冷海边受惊的人们希望。；brave 的副词 bravely 表示“勇敢地”，brave 为单元目标词；【转换类型：形容词→副词】 5. He did not feel comfortable in the cold shelter for many long days after the quake. He felt ________ in the cold and dark shelter for many long days after the loud quake. 答案： uncomfortable 解析：句意： 地震后他在寒冷的避难所里许多天都感到不舒服。；not feel comfortable 与 feel uncomfortable 正反同义转换，uncomfortable 为单元目标词；【转换类型：肯定→否定转换】 题型6：单句语法填空（8题） 1. The tall volcano ________ (erupt) suddenly and sent hot ash into the red and dark sky last night. 答案：erupted 解析：句意： 那座高火山昨晚突然爆发，把滚烫的火山灰送入了红色的天空。；erupt 的过去式 erupted 表示“（火山）爆发”（一般过去时）。 2. The short TV ________ (report) told the cause of the big disaster clearly to the whole town. 答案：reported 解析：句意： 那段简短的电视报道向全镇清楚地讲出了灾难的起因。；report 的过去式 reported 表示“报道”（一般过去时）。 3. The young girl ________ (search) for the little boy near the cold blue water by the sea. 答案：searched 解析：句意： 那个年轻的女孩在寒冷的海水边搜寻那个小男孩。；search 的过去式 searched 表示“搜寻”（一般过去时）。 4. The short ________ (video) of the big wave spread on the phone and made the whole town sad. 答案：videos 解析：句意： 那段关于浪头的短视频在手机上传开，令全镇悲伤。；video 的复数 videos 表示“视频”（名词规则复数，词尾 +s）。 5. Last month the old man ________ (encourage) by the kind and young doctor with warm and clear words. 答案：was encouraged 解析：句意： 上个月，那位老人被善良而年轻的医生用温暖而清晰的话语所鼓舞。；encourage 的被动结构 was encouraged 表示“被鼓舞”（be+过去分词，一般过去时被动语态）。 6. The whole town ________ (honour) the brave heroes who saved many lives in the cold water last year. 答案：honoured 解析：句意： 去年全镇纪念了那些在寒冷海水中救了许多生命的勇敢英雄。；honour 的过去式 honoured 表示“尊敬，给予荣誉”（一般过去时，名动同形）。 7. The old photo was ________ (lose) and the girl felt sad for many long days at home. 答案：lost 解析：句意： 那张旧照片不见了，女孩在家里许多天都感到难过。；lose 的形容词 lost 表示“丢失的，迷失的”（动词→形容词，作表语）。 8. The brief news report ________ (cause) a quick and strong reaction across the small town yesterday morning. 答案：caused 解析：句意： 那段简短的新闻报道昨天早上在镇上引起了迅速而强烈的反应。；cause 的过去式 caused 表示“引起，导致”（一般过去时）。 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） Last month a strong hurricane hit a town by the sea on a quiet weekday morning. Thick smoke rose from a small fire, and ash fell like a shower around the houses. In the daylight people were scared and ran outside straight ahead into the open sand. A brave boy shut the door and held a torch in the shadow while the storm came near. Soon a terrible flood came after the heavy rainstorm, and the railway with the airline stopped its service. Rescue teams began to search for a survivor in the cold and rising water. A news report told the cause of the disaster to the town. People's quick reaction saved many lives during that long and dark day. Thick ash lay on the roofs, and the daylight grew dim for many long hours. A short video of the wave spread on the phone and made us sad. The volcanic eruption far away also sent grey ash into the sky. A slim heroine survived and saved herself with an iron will in the shelter. She was uncomfortable in the cold shelter and in pain from a wound that made her bleed. She wore old jeans and gave encouraging words to the lost children by her side. The rescue was complete by the morning when the rain finally stopped. We look forward to a safe tomorrow and honour the dead in our hearts. Her story is not lost, but a lesson for all of us to remember. 1. What did people do when the strong hurricane brought the storm to the town? A. They sang songs. B. They ran outside straight ahead. C. They slept in bed. D. They read books at home. 2. Which transport service stopped after the heavy rainstorm came to the coast? A. The railway and airline. B. The bank. C. The hospital. D. The school near the park. 3. What does the underlined word "hurricane" most probably mean? A. 地震 B. 火山 C. 飓风 D. 洪水 4. What did the slim heroine do for the lost children in the cold shelter? A. She left them alone. B. She laughed at them. C. She ate her food. D. She gave encouraging words. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Picnics are fun for students. B. Stay brave and safe when a disaster comes. C. Trains are faster than planes. D. Phones are useful at home. 【答案与解析】 1. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。答案 B。原文第一段写道：'people were scared and ran outside straight ahead into the open sand'，可知飓风来时人们跑向室外前方，对应 B 项。 2. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。答案 A。原文第二段提到'the railway with the airline stopped its service'，可知铁路与航空交通服务停止，对应 A 项。 3. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。答案 C。由“强风袭向海边小镇、带来暴雨与洪水”的语境，可推知 hurricane 意为“飓风”，与 C 项相符。 4. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。答案 D。原文第三段写道：'She gave encouraging words to the lost children'，可知女英雄给迷失的孩子们鼓劲的话语，对应 D 项。 5. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。答案 B。全文由飓风来袭、救援幸存者与女英雄坚强求生三段引出“灾难来临时保持勇敢与安全”的主题，对应 B 项。 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：When disaster strikes） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 自然灾害 救援与幸存 感受与状态 相关短语 答案： 同义词 / 近义 ⇥ terrible – 剧烈的；scared – afraid；cause – reason；complete – finish；search – look for 自然灾害 ⇥ volcano, erupt, eruption, volcanic, tsunami, flood, hurricane, rainstorm, smoke, ash, thick 救援与幸存 ⇥ survivor, search, report, service, railway, airline, reaction 感受与状态 ⇥ scared, pain, wound, bleed, uncomfortable, brave, encouraging, lost, honour 相关短语 ⇥ in pain, a shower of, look forward to, in honour of, be scared of, search for B. 易混词辨析（3组，每组2小题） 第1组：survive（v. 幸存，活下来）/ survivor（n. 幸存者，生还者） (1) Only two people ________ the terrible crash in the sea last year, the rest were lost. (2) The ________ told the reporter about the flood with a calm and brave voice. 答案：(1) survived 解析：(1) 句意：去年海上那场可怕的坠毁中只有两人幸存，其余的人都不复存在了；survive 作动词，表示“幸存，活下来”。 答案：(2) survivor 解析：(2) 句意：那位幸存者用平静而勇敢的声音向记者讲述了洪水的事；survivor 作名词，表示“幸存者，生还者”。 第2组：pain（n. 疼痛，痛苦）/ painful（adj. 疼痛的，痛苦的） (1) She cried out in ________ when the wound on her leg began to bleed. (2) The ________ leg made it hard for the old man to walk to the station in the rain. 答案：(1) pain 解析：(1) 句意：当她腿上的伤口开始流血时，她疼得叫了起来；pain 作名词，表示“疼痛，痛苦”。 答案：(2) painful 解析：(2) 句意：疼痛的腿让老人在雨中很难走到车站；painful 作形容词，表示“疼痛的，痛苦的”。 第3组：volcano（n. 火山）/ volcanic（adj. 火山的，火山引起的） (1) The ________ on the small island erupted and sent hot ash into the red sky. (2) The ________ ash from the eruption covered the cars around the school at once. 答案：(1) volcano 解析：(1) 句意：那座小岛上的火山爆发了，把滚烫的火山灰送入红色的天空；volcano 作名词，表示“火山”。 答案：(2) volcanic 解析：(2) 句意：喷发带来的火山灰立刻盖住了学校周围的汽车；volcanic 作形容词，表示“火山的，火山引起的”。 C. 跨单元微循环（8题，复习 Unit 5 Play by the rules？ 词汇） Last Sunday we had a ________ (野餐) with our class in the big park near the school. 答案： picnic 解析：句意： 上周日我们班在学校附近的大公园里举行了一次野餐；picnic 意为“野餐”。 Every ________ (乘客) fastened the seat belt as soon as he took the seat on the bus. 答案： passenger 解析：句意： 每位乘客一坐上公交车就系好了安全带；passenger 意为“乘客”。 Our class rule asks us not to make any ________ (噪声) when we read in the library. 答案： noise 解析：句意： 班规要求我们在图书馆阅读时不要发出任何噪声；noise 意为“噪声，响声”。 The ________ (粗心的) boy told his password to a stranger on the Internet at night. 答案： careless 解析：句意： 那个粗心的男孩深夜把密码告诉了网上的陌生人；careless 意为“粗心的”。 An honest ________ (公民) called the police at once after the urgent accident on the road. 答案： citizen 解析：句意： 事故发生后，一位诚实的公民立刻报了警；citizen 意为“公民”。 We should not give out our address, or we may bring a big ________ (风险) to ourselves. 答案： risk 解析：句意： 我们不应泄露地址，否则可能给自己带来很大风险；risk 意为“危险，风险”。 The headmaster cleared his throat and announced a new school ________ (校规) at the meeting. 答案： rule 解析：句意： 校长清了清嗓子，在会上宣布了一条新校规；rule 意为“规则，规定”。 A good netizen should always ________ (意识到) the danger of strange links on the phone. 答案： aware 解析：句意： 好网民应始终意识到手机上奇怪链接的危险；aware 意为“意识到的”。 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 6 When disaster strikes，共57词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 lost adj. 不复存在的；不再拥有的 2 into prep. 进入，到……里面；(表示状态的改变) 3 outside adv. 在室外 4 scared adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 5 shut v. (使)关(合上)，(使)关闭 6 shocking adj. 惊人的，骇人的，令人难以置信的 7 coach n. 公共马车，四轮大马车 8 straight adv. 笔直地，成直线地 9 ahead adv. 向前 10 sand n. 沙滩 11 while conj. 当……时，在……时 12 while n. 一段时间 13 flood n. 洪水，水灾 14 thick adj. 浓密的；混浊的 15 smoke n. (燃烧产生的)烟 16 ash n. 灰，灰烬 17 shower n. 一大批，一阵 18 around prep. 环绕，在(……)周围 19 daylight n. 日光 20 erupt v. (火山)爆发，喷发 21 volcano n. 火山 22 volcanic adj. 火山的；由火山作用引起的 23 eruption n. (火山)爆发，喷发 24 reaction n. 反应 25 hurricane n. 飓风 26 airline n. 航空公司 27 weekday n. 工作日 28 railway n. 铁路，铁道 29 rainstorm n. 暴风雨 30 service n. (车、船等的)交通服务，班次 31 search v. 寻找，搜索，搜寻 32 report n. 新闻报道 33 orchestra n. 管弦乐队 34 terrible adj. 剧烈的；厉害的；非常严重的 35 cause n. 原因，起因 36 introduction n. 引言，序言，导言；开场白 37 video n. 视频 38 tsunami n. 海啸 39 iron adj. 极坚强的 40 iron n. 铁 41 fashion n. 时装业 42 slim adj. 苗条的，修长的 43 bleed v. 流血，出血 44 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 45 jeans n. 牛仔裤 46 shadow n. 阴影，阴暗处 47 encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的 48 complete v. (尤指经历长时间之后)结束，完成 49 herself pron. 她自己 50 survivor n. 生还者，幸存者 51 forward adv. 向将来 52 torch n. 火炬 53 honour n. 荣幸，光荣 54 brave adj. 勇敢的，无畏的 55 wound n. 伤痛，伤害 56 pain n. 疼，痛，疼痛 57 heroine n. 女主角，女主人公 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $专题06 第六单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（外研版） （ 知识点来源： 八年级上册 Unit 6 When disaster strikes ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 2 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 2 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 5 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 6 When disaster strikes，共57词） 6 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 8 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） When disaster strikes On a weekday morning, a tall volcano on the island began to erupt with a loud noise. Thick smoke and hot ash fell like a shower around the small town by the sea. The daylight grew dark, and the red sky made everyone feel afraid. People were scared and ran outside straight ahead into the open sand near the water. Mum shut all the windows at home, while Dad looked for the torch in the shadow. The volcanic eruption was shocking to every family that lived there. Soon after the quake, a terrible tsunami came and the flood rose fast. A hurricane brought a heavy rainstorm to the coast and the wind howled. The railway and the airline stopped their service at once in the town. Rescue teams began to search for a survivor in the cold and rising water. A news report on TV told the cause of the disaster clearly to us all. People's quick reaction saved many lives during that long and dark day. A short video of the wave spread on the phone and made the whole town sad. A brave and slim heroine survived the night and saved herself with an iron will. She was uncomfortable in the cold shelter and in great pain from a wound that made her bleed. She wore old jeans and gave encouraging words to the lost children by her side. Her warm voice helped the children who waited in the dark. The rescue work was complete by the morning when the rain finally stopped. We look forward to a safe tomorrow and honour the dead in our hearts, and we never forget the lesson that the quiet sea can turn wild. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 在一个工作日(weekday)的早晨，岛上的一座火山(volcano)开始喷发(erupt)，发出巨响。浓密的(thick)烟(smoke)和滚烫的灰(ash)像一阵(shower)落向小镇周围(around)。日光(daylight)变暗，红色的天空让每个人都感到害怕。人们很害怕(scared)，跑向室外的(outside)，笔直地(straight)向前(ahead)，冲进(into)水边开阔的沙(sand)地。妈妈在家关上(shut)了所有窗户，而(while)爸爸在阴影(shadow)里找火炬(torch)。这次火山的(volcanic)喷发(eruption)让住在那里的每个家庭都震惊(shocking)。 不久后，一场可怕的(terrible)海啸(tsunami)袭来，洪水(flood)迅速上涨。飓风(hurricane)给海岸带来暴风雨(rainstorm)，风在呼啸。铁路(railway)和航空(airline)公司立刻停止了服务(service)。救援队开始在水中搜寻(search)一名幸存者(survivor)。电视上的新闻报告(report)向我们清楚地讲出了灾难的起因(cause)。人们快速的反应(reaction)在那个漫长黑暗的白天救了许多生命。一段关于浪头的短视频(video)在手机上传开，令全镇悲伤。 一位勇敢的(brave)苗条的(slim)女英雄(heroine)活过黑夜，用钢铁般的(iron)意志救了她自己(herself)。她在寒冷的避难所里很不舒服(uncomfortable)，伤口(wound)的疼痛(pain)让她流血(bleed)。她穿着牛仔裤(jeans)，在黑暗中给大家照亮前路。她令人鼓舞的(encouraging)话语帮助了在黑暗中等待的迷失的(lost)孩子们。救援工作到早晨雨停时就完成(complete)了。我们向前看(forward)，在心里纪念(honour)逝者，永不忘记宁静的海也会变狂暴的教训。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 erupt v. （火山）爆发 eruption n. 爆发，喷发 2 survive v. 幸存，活下来 survivor n. 幸存者，生还者 3 encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞 encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的 4 brave adj. 勇敢的 bravely adv. 勇敢地 5 pain n. 疼痛，痛苦 painful adj. 疼痛的，痛苦的 6 comfort n./v. 安慰 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的，不舒适的 7 complete adj. 完整的 completely adv. 完全地，彻底地 8 volcano n. 火山 volcanic adj. 火山的，火山引起的 9 honour n. 荣幸，光荣 honour v. 尊敬，给予荣誉（名动同形） 10 iron n. 铁 iron adj. 极坚强的（名形同形） 11 shock n./v. 震惊 shocking adj. 惊人的，令人难以置信的 12 lose v. 丢失，丧失 lost adj. 不复存在的，迷失的 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（20题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 1/8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（12个） 1. volcano → __________ 2. tsunami → __________ 3. hurricane → __________ 4. flood → __________ 5. eruption → __________ 6. survivor → __________ 7. brave → __________ 8. wound → __________ 9. pain → __________ 10. shadow → __________ 11. torch → __________ 12. heroine → __________ 子题B：中译英（8个） 1. 火山 → __________ 2. 海啸 → __________ 3. 洪水 → __________ 4. 幸存者 → __________ 5. 勇敢的 → __________ 6. 伤口 → __________ 7. 疼痛 → __________ 8. 火炬 → __________ 题型2：词形变换（8题） 1. The sudden ________ (erupt) of the tall volcano on the quiet island woke the whole town at night. 2. It is ________ (encourage) that the kind teacher's warm words helped the scared little child a lot. 3. When the heavy rain finally stopped, a few ________ (survive) were found near the cold and wide river bank. 4. After the long storm the small village was ________ (comfort) and very cold for many long days in winter. 5. Bravely, the slim girl ________ (save) herself and the little boy from the cold blue sea at night. 6. We shared a ________ (pain) story about the hurt boy who cried in the cold rain yesterday morning. 7. The strong storm ________ (complete) destroyed the small bridge on the railway near the school last windy night. 8. The ________ (shock) video of the big wave made the whole quiet town feel afraid and very sad. 题型3：短语填空（6题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： search for in honour of be scared of a shower of look forward to in pain 1. The hurt little dog lay ________ on the cold floor after the loud rainstorm yesterday morning. 2. When the red volcano erupted, a ________ of hot ash covered the cars around the small school. 3. Many people began to ________ the lost children near the river at once after the big flood. 4. We ________ a safe tomorrow and a warm home after the terrible flood last winter month. 5. The town built a small green park ________ the brave heroes who saved many lives in the water. 6. Little Tom was ________ the loud thunder and hid under the bed with his mum last night. 题型4：完成句子（5题） 1. 火山爆发时，那位勇敢的女孩救了她自己，并用火炬照亮了黑暗的房间。 When the tall volcano ________, the brave girl saved ________ and lit the dark room with a torch. 2. 洪水过后，救援队开始搜寻幸存者，一篇新闻报道讲述了灾难的起因。 After the big flood, the rescue team began to ________ for ________, and a report told the cause. 3. 飓风带来暴风雨，铁路和航空公司的交通服务立刻在海上附近停止了。 The strong hurricane brought a ________, and the railway and airline ________ stopped at once near the sea. 4. 那位苗条的女英雄忍着伤口的疼痛，在阴影里给大家鼓劲。 The slim ________ bore the pain of her deep wound and gave us hope in the dark ________. 5. 我和家人向前看，纪念逝者，而那场可怕灾难的起因正是火山喷发。 My family and I ________ to a safe tomorrow and ________ the dead after the terrible winter flood. 题型5：句型同义转换（5题） 1. The heavy rain caused a terrible flood in the small village last month. A terrible flood ________ ________ by the heavy rain in the small and quiet village last month. 2. The rescue team completed the work before the daylight came to the town. The work ________ ________ by the rescue team before the bright daylight came to the town. 3. The shocking flood made everyone in the town run outside at once. The ________ flood made everyone in the small town run quickly outside at once in the morning. 4. The slim girl acted brave and gave hope to the scared people by the cold sea. The slim girl acted ________ and gave great hope to the scared people by the cold sea. 5. He did not feel comfortable in the cold shelter for many long days after the quake. He felt ________ in the cold and dark shelter for many long days after the loud quake. 题型6：单句语法填空（8题） 1. The tall volcano ________ (erupt) suddenly and sent hot ash into the red and dark sky last night. 2. The short TV ________ (report) told the cause of the big disaster clearly to the whole town. 3. The young girl ________ (search) for the little boy near the cold blue water by the sea. 4. The short ________ (video) of the big wave spread on the phone and made the whole town sad. 5. Last month the old man ________ (encourage) by the kind and young doctor with warm and clear words. 6. The whole town ________ (honour) the brave heroes who saved many lives in the cold water last year. 7. The old photo was ________ (lose) and the girl felt sad for many long days at home. 8. The brief news report ________ (cause) a quick and strong reaction across the small town yesterday morning. 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） Last month a strong hurricane hit a town by the sea on a quiet weekday morning. Thick smoke rose from a small fire, and ash fell like a shower around the houses. In the daylight people were scared and ran outside straight ahead into the open sand. A brave boy shut the door and held a torch in the shadow while the storm came near. Soon a terrible flood came after the heavy rainstorm, and the railway with the airline stopped its service. Rescue teams began to search for a survivor in the cold and rising water. A news report told the cause of the disaster to the town. People's quick reaction saved many lives during that long and dark day. Thick ash lay on the roofs, and the daylight grew dim for many long hours. A short video of the wave spread on the phone and made us sad. The volcanic eruption far away also sent grey ash into the sky. A slim heroine survived and saved herself with an iron will in the shelter. She was uncomfortable in the cold shelter and in pain from a wound that made her bleed. She wore old jeans and gave encouraging words to the lost children by her side. The rescue was complete by the morning when the rain finally stopped. We look forward to a safe tomorrow and honour the dead in our hearts. Her story is not lost, but a lesson for all of us to remember. 1. What did people do when the strong hurricane brought the storm to the town? A. They sang songs. B. They ran outside straight ahead. C. They slept in bed. D. They read books at home. 2. Which transport service stopped after the heavy rainstorm came to the coast? A. The railway and airline. B. The bank. C. The hospital. D. The school near the park. 3. What does the underlined word "hurricane" most probably mean? A. 地震 B. 火山 C. 飓风 D. 洪水 4. What did the slim heroine do for the lost children in the cold shelter? A. She left them alone. B. She laughed at them. C. She ate her food. D. She gave encouraging words. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Picnics are fun for students. B. Stay brave and safe when a disaster comes. C. Trains are faster than planes. D. Phones are useful at home. 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：When disaster strikes） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 自然灾害 救援与幸存 感受与状态 相关短语 B. 易混词辨析（3组，每组2小题） 第1组：survive（v. 幸存，活下来）/ survivor（n. 幸存者，生还者） (1) Only two people ________ the terrible crash in the sea last year, the rest were lost. (2) The ________ told the reporter about the flood with a calm and brave voice. 第2组：pain（n. 疼痛，痛苦）/ painful（adj. 疼痛的，痛苦的） (1) She cried out in ________ when the wound on her leg began to bleed. (2) The ________ leg made it hard for the old man to walk to the station in the rain. 第3组：volcano（n. 火山）/ volcanic（adj. 火山的，火山引起的） (1) The ________ on the small island erupted and sent hot ash into the red sky. (2) The ________ ash from the eruption covered the cars around the school at once. C. 跨单元微循环（8题，复习 Unit 5 Play by the rules？ 词汇） Last Sunday we had a ________ (野餐) with our class in the big park near the school. Every ________ (乘客) fastened the seat belt as soon as he took the seat on the bus. Our class rule asks us not to make any ________ (噪声) when we read in the library. The ________ (粗心的) boy told his password to a stranger on the Internet at night. An honest ________ (公民) called the police at once after the urgent accident on the road. We should not give out our address, or we may bring a big ________ (风险) to ourselves. The headmaster cleared his throat and announced a new school ________ (校规) at the meeting. A good netizen should always ________ (意识到) the danger of strange links on the phone. 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 6 When disaster strikes，共57词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 lost adj. 不复存在的；不再拥有的 2 into prep. 进入，到……里面；(表示状态的改变) 3 outside adv. 在室外 4 scared adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 5 shut v. (使)关(合上)，(使)关闭 6 shocking adj. 惊人的，骇人的，令人难以置信的 7 coach n. 公共马车，四轮大马车 8 straight adv. 笔直地，成直线地 9 ahead adv. 向前 10 sand n. 沙滩 11 while conj. 当……时，在……时 12 while n. 一段时间 13 flood n. 洪水，水灾 14 thick adj. 浓密的；混浊的 15 smoke n. (燃烧产生的)烟 16 ash n. 灰，灰烬 17 shower n. 一大批，一阵 18 around prep. 环绕，在(……)周围 19 daylight n. 日光 20 erupt v. (火山)爆发，喷发 21 volcano n. 火山 22 volcanic adj. 火山的；由火山作用引起的 23 eruption n. (火山)爆发，喷发 24 reaction n. 反应 25 hurricane n. 飓风 26 airline n. 航空公司 27 weekday n. 工作日 28 railway n. 铁路，铁道 29 rainstorm n. 暴风雨 30 service n. (车、船等的)交通服务，班次 31 search v. 寻找，搜索，搜寻 32 report n. 新闻报道 33 orchestra n. 管弦乐队 34 terrible adj. 剧烈的；厉害的；非常严重的 35 cause n. 原因，起因 36 introduction n. 引言，序言，导言；开场白 37 video n. 视频 38 tsunami n. 海啸 39 iron adj. 极坚强的 40 iron n. 铁 41 fashion n. 时装业 42 slim adj. 苗条的，修长的 43 bleed v. 流血，出血 44 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 45 jeans n. 牛仔裤 46 shadow n. 阴影，阴暗处 47 encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的，振奋人心的 48 complete v. (尤指经历长时间之后)结束，完成 49 herself pron. 她自己 50 survivor n. 生还者，幸存者 51 forward adv. 向将来 52 torch n. 火炬 53 honour n. 荣幸，光荣 54 brave adj. 勇敢的，无畏的 55 wound n. 伤痛，伤害 56 pain n. 疼，痛，疼痛 57 heroine n. 女主角，女主人公 第六部分：单元“顽固词库” 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $