Unit 2 The universal language（知识清单）英语译林版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Unit 2 The universal language”内容，涵盖词汇（阅读、写作、变形等）、语法（动名词作主语和宾语）、写作（介绍歌手/乐队应用文）三大知识范畴，搭建从词汇积累到语法应用再到写作实践的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类（词汇分阅读/写作/变形）、表格对比（动名词与不定式用法）呈现知识体系，标注“熟词生义”（如upset多义）、“核心短语”应用提示（如rely on搭配），培养学生思维品质和学习能力。设计写作框架与范文，教师可利用易错点训练（如consist用法）精准教学，学生能自主归纳知识点提升语言能力。

Unit 2 The universal language 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. composer n. 作曲家，作曲者 2. symphony n. 交响乐，交响曲 3. sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 4. grave n. 坟墓；死亡，去世adj. 严重的；严肃的 5. transform vi. & vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化 6. blues n. (the blues) 布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤 7. folk adj. 民间的，民俗的n. 民间音乐；人们；各位；家人 8. tune n. 曲调，曲子vt. 调音；调频道；调整 9. rural adj. 乡村的，农村的 10. surroundings n. 周围，环境 11. communist adj. 共产主义的n. 共产主义者 12. invader n. 武装入侵的军队（或国家），侵略者 13. solo n. 独奏，独唱adj. 独自的；独唱的，独奏的 14. spacecraft n. (pl. spacecraft)航天（飞行）器，宇宙飞船 15. solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 16. suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的 17. handkerchief n. (pl. handkerchiefs or handkerchieves) 手帕，纸巾 18. vast adj. 大量的，辽阔的，巨大的 19. prediction n. 预言，预测 20. extraordinary adj. 不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的 21. depress vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气 22. desperate adj. 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的 23. genius n. 天赋，天资；天才 24. variation n. 变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种 25. chorus n. 合唱曲；副歌；合唱团 26. grand adj. 宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的 二、写作词汇： 1. compose vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静 2. deserve vt. 值得，应得 3. whisper vi. & vt. 耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言 4. dramatic adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的 5. overcome vt. (overcame, overcome) 受到…的极大影响；克服，解决； 6. combine vt. & vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并 7. adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应 8. defend vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解 9. flow vi. 流，流动；充满；涨起n. 流，流动；连贯；涨潮 10. recording n. 录音，视频；录制；记录，记载 11. stare vi. 盯着看，凝视，注视n. 盯，凝视，注视 12. breath n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象 13. unusual adj. 特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的 14. grab vt. & vi. 吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧 15. sweep vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除n. 打扫，清扫 16. distant adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的 17. complicated adj. 复杂的，难懂的 18. accompany vt. 陪同，陪伴；伴随，与…同时发生；为…伴奏 19. expectation n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望 20. remarkable adj. 非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的 21. stream vi. & vt. 鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动n. 小溪；（人）流，（车）流 22. enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的 23. brilliant adj. 聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的 24. upset adj. 难过的，失望的/ʌpˈset/ vt. (upset, upset) 使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 25. possess vt. 具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制 26. abandon vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 27. uplifting adj. 令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的 28. ease n. 容易，轻易；舒适，安逸vi. & vt.（使）宽慰，减轻 三、词汇变形： 1. composer n. 作曲家→compose v. 作曲；组成→composition n. 作文；作曲；构成 2. deserve v. 值得；应得→deserved adj. 应得的；理所当然的→deserving adj. 值得的；应受奖赏的 3. dramatic adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的，戏剧的，突然的，夸张的→dramatically adv. 引人注目地→drama n. 戏剧 4. grave n. 坟墓 adj. 严重的，严肃的→gravity n. 严重性；严肃，庄严；重力 5. transform v.(使) 变形 / 转化→transformation n. 变化，转变→transformer n. 变压器，变形金刚 6. combine vi.&vt. 结合，联合→combination n. 结合体；联合 7. rely v. 依赖，依靠→reliance n. 依赖→reliable adj. 可靠的→unreliable adj. 不可靠的 8. surroundings n. 环境→surround vt. 包围，环绕→surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的 9. adaptation n. 改编；适应→adapt v. 改编；适应→adaptable adj. 有适应能力的 10. invader n. 侵略者→invade vt. 入侵，侵略→invasion n. 入侵 11. defend v. 保护，防御，辩解→defence /defense n. 防御→defensive adj. 防御的 12. suitable adj. 合适的→suit vt. 适合→unsuitable adj. 不适合的 13. distant adj. 遥远的，冷淡的，远亲的→distance n. 距离，差异，冷淡，疏远 14. breath n. 呼吸→breathe v. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的→breathlessly adv. 气喘吁吁地 15. accompany vt. 陪伴→company n. 陪伴→companion n. 伴侣，同伴 16. expectation n. 期望，预料→expect v. 期待→expected adj. 预期的→unexpected adj. 出人意料的 17. remarkable adj. 非凡的，显著的→remarkably adv. 显著地→remark v.&n. 评论，谈论 18. enthusiastic adj. 热情的→enthusiastically adv. 热情地→enthusiasm n. 热情→enthusiast n. 爱好者 19. brilliant adj. 聪颖的，明亮的→brilliance n. 才华；光辉 20. prediction n. 预言，预测→predict vt. 预测→predictable adj. 可预测的→unpredictable adj. 不可预测的→predictor n. 预言者 21. extraordinary adj. 不寻常的，非凡的，卓越的→extraordinarily adv. 极其→ordinary adj. 普通的，平凡的 22. depress vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧→depression n. 抑郁，沮丧→depressed adj. 感到沮丧的→depressing adj. 令人沮丧的 23. possess v. 拥有，具有 (特质)→possession n. 拥有→possessions n. 财产 (同义 belongings) 24. abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃；舍弃 n.[U] 放任；放纵→abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的→abandonment n. 中止，放弃 25. desperate adj. 绝望的，不顾一切的→desperately adv. 绝望地；拼命地→desperation n. 绝望 26. greedy adj. 贪婪的；贪心的；贪吃的→greedily adv. 贪婪地，贪心地→greed n. 贪婪 27. association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→associate v. 联想，联系；(使) 关联 四、拓展词汇 1. 音乐与艺术 vocalist n. 声乐家，歌手 tempo n.（音乐）速度，节拍 solo n. 独奏；独唱 album n. 音乐专辑 rehearsal n. 排练，彩排 ballet n. 芭蕾舞 gallery n. 美术馆，画廊 tuneup n.乐器）调音 pianist n. 钢琴家 masterpiec n. 杰作，代表作 2. 情感与内心感受 sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛 delight n.&v. 高兴，愉悦 sorrowful adj. 悲伤的 passionate adj. 充满激情的 melancholy n.&adj. 忧郁（的） thrill n.&v. 使激动，震颤 sympathy n. 共鸣，同情 grief n. 忧伤，悲痛 ecstasy n. 狂喜 longing n. 渴望，思念 3. 文化传承与艺术评价 legacy n. 文化遗产，遗留物 primitive adj. 原始的，本土的 aesthetic adj. 美学的，审美的 antique adj. 古老的；n. 古董 preservevt. 保护，保存 inherit vt. 继承 refine vt. 改良，完善 folklore n. 民间艺术，民俗 indigenous adj. 本土的，土著的 treasure n. 瑰宝，珍宝 4. 交际、传递与互通 mediate v. 调和，斡旋 perceive vt. 感知，领悟 radiate vt. 散发（情感） resonate vi. 共鸣，共振 interchange n.&v. 交流互换 reconcile vt. 调和，使和解 permeate v. 渗透，弥漫 decodevt. 解读，破译 assimilate vt. 同化，吸收 五、熟词生义 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．So upset① did she feel that she accidentally upset② the vase on the table，which upset③ her roommate with the sudden chaos in the early morning. ①adj.难过的　②vt.打翻　③vt.使烦恼 2．A rare hurricane swept① across our hometown，sweeping② away all my belongings，and the whole house lay in ruins.With the neighbors’ help，we swept③ the ruins with effort. ①vi.席卷，横扫 　②vi.吹走　③vt.打扫 3．In the brilliant① sunshine，the brilliant② musician held a charity performance for the earthquake-stricken area and appealed to a large audience to donate money，which turned out brilliant③. ①adj.明亮的　②adj.技艺高的　③adj.很成功的 4．I haven’t seen my distant① cousin who lives in a distant② mountain village for a long time，but the time and distance didn’t make us feel distant③. ①adj.远亲的　②adj.遥远的 　③adj.冷淡的，疏远的 六、核心短语 单词表短语 1. tear apart 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开 2. rely on 依赖，依靠；信任 3. throw in 奉送，额外赠送 4. for good measure 作为额外增添 5. consist of 由…组成（或构成） 6. get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事 7. all of a sudden 突然，猛地 单词的高频常用短语 1. be composed by 由…… 创作 2. deserve to be heard 值得一听 3. be overcome with sorrow 悲痛欲绝 4. combine Chinese and Western musical elements 融合中西音乐元素 5. have one’s roots in 源自、扎根于 6. introduce sb to sth 给某人介绍某物 7. all the time 总是，时时刻刻 8. It turns out that… 结果是，事实证明 9. spread across the nation 风靡全国 10. grow out of 源自于，由…… 发展而来 11. leave you deep in thought 引人深思 12. be suggestive of 使人联想到 13. think highly of 高度评价 14. share his music with 和…… 分享他的音乐 15. it's no use doing 做…… 没有用处 16. turn up the volume 调大音量 17. hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 18. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 19. be decorated with 用…… 装饰 20. stream into 涌入 21. make predictions about 对…… 做出预判 22. take a sharp turn 命运急转 23. be regarded as 被视作 写作 句型 1.Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto 主句 composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. 过去分词作定语 译文：昨晚，我看了《梁祝》的演出，这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪和陈钢创作。 2. Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies. 形容词作状语 主句 译文：梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。 3. When the song had finished, I stood not knowing whether I liked it or not. 时间状语从句 主句 宾语从句 译文：这首歌唱完后，我站在那里，不知道我是否喜欢它。 语法 动名词做主语和宾语 写作 写一篇关于介绍最喜欢的歌手或乐队的应用文 一、知识点精讲 1．deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/vt.值得，应得(deserving adj.值得的，应得的) 【词汇拓展】 deserved adj. 应得的；理所当然的 deserving adj. 值得的 【核心固定搭配】 ①deserve to do sth值得做某事；应该做某事 ②deserve to be done(＝deserve＋doing/n.)值得被做 ③deserve sth值得/应得某事/物 【经典例句】 (1) Qu Yuan is widely acknowledged to be one of the most influential historical figures，who really deserves respect/to be respected/respecting. 译文：屈原被普遍认为是最有影响力的历史人物之一，他值得受尊敬。 用法点拨　deserve to be done与deserve doing意思相同，此处-ing形式是主动形式表示被动意义。用法相同的单词还有need，want，require等。 2．transform /trænsˈfɔːm/vt.& vi.(使)改观，(使)变形，(使)转化 【词汇拓展】 transformation n．转化；转换；改观；改变；变形 【核心固定搭配】 ①transform...into...使……变成…… ②transform...from...into...把……从……变成…… 【经典例句】 Additionally，your generous help and tender care made me feel as warm as at home and transformed my first trip to America into an unforgettable memory. 译文：另外，您的慷慨帮助和精心照顾让我感到家一般的温暖，且把我的首次美国之旅变成了一种难忘的回忆。 3．suitable/ˈsuːtəbl/ adj.合适的，适当的，适宜的，适用的 【词汇拓展】 suit vt.对……方便；合身；适合；适宜 n．一套衣服；西装，套装 【核心固定搭配】 ① be suitable for...适合于…… ② be suitable to do sth适合做某事 ③ suit sth to sb/sth 使……适合(或适应)某人/事物 【经典例句】 (1)Transportation and technology are the suitable(suit) topics that your teachers and schoolmates may be interested in.(2024·北京，书面表达) (2)A good teacher suits (suit)his lessons to the age of his pupils. (3)①I firmly believe that I’m suitable for/to do the voluntary work，because I have a good command of English.(suitable) ②I firmly believe that the voluntary work suits me，because I have a good command of English.(suit) 译文：我坚信我适合(做)这项志愿者工作，因为我精通英语。 4．accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏 【词汇拓展】 companion n．伙伴；同伴 company n．公司；做伴，陪伴 【核心固定搭配】 ① accompany sb to sp陪伴某人去某地 ② accompany sb at/on sth用某物为某人伴奏(尤指用钢琴) ③ be accompanied by由(某人)陪同/伴奏；伴随着④ keep sb company(＝accompany sb)陪伴某人 【经典例句】 (1)Wherever she goes，her pet dog follows her，and the lady is happy to have such a nice companion(company)． (2)Accompanied by her mother on/at the piano，the girl gave us an unusual performance，which won great applause.(过去分词短语作状语) 译文：在她母亲的钢琴伴奏下，这个女孩给我们带来了一场不同寻常的演出，赢得了热烈的掌声。(读后续写之场景描写) (3)The wind blew the trees violently on our sides，accompanied by heavy rain and you can hardly imagine how frightened we were. 译文：风猛刮着我们旁边的树，伴随着大雨，你很难想象我们是多么害怕。(读后续写之场景、心理描写) 5．expectation/ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/ n．希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望 【词汇拓展】 expect v．预期；盼望；认为，料想；指望 【核心固定搭配】 ① beyond (sb’s) expectations 出乎(某人的)意料 ② meet/live up to one’s expectations不辜负某人所望 ③ expect (sb) to do sth 期待/指望(某人)做某事 【经典例句】 (1)The video got thousands of clicks and reviews within hours，which was totally beyond my expectations.（expect） (2)I am convinced that my enthusiasm and devotion will meet/live up to your expectations. 译文：我相信我的热情和投入一定不会辜负您的期望。(应用文写作之申请信) 6．abandon/əˈbændən/ vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 n．放纵 【词汇拓展】 abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的 【核心固定搭配】 ① abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 ② abandon oneself to...沉湎于…… ③ with abandon放纵地；尽情地 ④ be abandoned to (doing)沉湎于(做) 【经典例句】 (1)He abandoned joining(join) our team，which was beyond our expectations. (2)I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents. →Abandoning myself to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) →Abandoned to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.(用形容词短语作状语改写) 7．rely on 依靠，依赖；信任 【词汇拓展】reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的 【核心固定搭配】 ①rely on sb to do sth指望/相信某人会做某事 ②rely on doing sth依赖/信任/指望做某事 ③rely on it that...相信……；指望…… 【经典例句】 (1)You can rely on John to help(help) you out，because he is a reliable(rely) person. (2)Don’t rely on cheating(cheat) in the exam，for you will never get away with it. (3)I respect my uncle most because I can rely on him to offer me some practical suggestions/rely on it that he can offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble. 译文：我最尊敬我的叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。 用法点拨　介词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，而需要先用it作形式宾语再接宾语从句。与rely on意义和用法相同的短语还有：depend on，count on。 二、核心语法精讲 动词-ing形式的变化 非谓语 时态 语态 复合结构 否定式 动词-ving 一般式 doing being done 作宾语可用 sb.(普通格)或 sb’s (所有格)+ doing 作主语只能用 sb’s(所有格)+ doing 说明：复合结构中，逻辑主语为无生命名词时，就用普通格。 在前加not 特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb./sb’s not doing sb./sb’s not having done 完成式 having done having been done 动词-ing形式的功能 所能充当的成分 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾语补足语 状语 v-ing ● ● ● ● ● ● 说明：①通常我们把作主语、宾语、表语或定语的v-ing形式统称为“动名词”； ②v-ing形式还可以作表语或定语，这时我们又把其称之为“现在分词”； ③v-ing形式作宾语补足语或状语时，我们也把其称之为“现在分词”。 (②③两点不是本单元所要涉及的知识) 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语用时的重点 情 形 解 读 例 句 动词-ing形式与不定式作谓语动词宾语时的区别 一般来说，不定式表示一次的、具体的动作；动词-ving形式表示长期的、经常的行为 I like swimming,but I don’t like to swim today. 我喜欢游泳但我今天不想游泳。 用动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词(短语) “避免”“逃避”“放弃”，该“停止”：avoid, escape, give up, quit/stop He gave up drinking last year. 去年他戒酒了。 “想要”“喜爱/享受”“欣赏/感激”，弃“不喜欢/憎恶”：feel like, enjoy, appreciate, dislike/hate I feel like taking a break now. 此刻我想要休息一会儿。 “坚持”“继续”“练习”，莫“错 过”：insist on, keep(on), practice, miss She kept(on)practising speaking English last winter.去年冬天她一直坚持练习英 语口语。 “完成”“想象”“劝告”“建议”， 定“允许”：finish, imagine, advise, suggest, permit/allow I have finished writing the letter. 我已经写完了这封信。 “延期”“推迟”“介意”，徒“后悔”：delay, postpone/put off, mind, regret Now he regrets putting off carrying out his plan.如今他后悔推迟实施自己的计划。 “承认”“否认”“提到”，需“报告”：acknowledge/admit, deny, mention, report The boy denied having broken the window.男孩否认打碎了窗户。 “容忍”“花费”“原谅”，要“冒险”：bear/stand/tolerate, spend, excuse, risk Nobody will risk losing this precious chance.没有人会冒险丢掉这次宝贵机 会。 动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动词-ving形式作宾语意义不同 remember to do sth.记住要做某事 (事情还未做) remember doing sth.记得过去做过某事 (事情已经做了) Do remember to lock the door when you leave.离开时一定要记得锁门。 He doesn’t remember saying anything about the affair.他不记得关于这件事说过什么了。 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 (事情还未做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 (事情已经做了) Don’t forget to take an umbrella with you.别忘了带把伞。 He forgot putting his paper into his school-bag.他不记得自己已经把试卷放进书包里了。 动词本身含义不同，跟不定式和动词-ving形式作宾语意义不同 regret to do sth. 对紧接着要做或不做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth. 对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔 I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.我遗憾地告诉你考试不及格。 She regretted wasting time playing games.她后悔把时间浪费在游戏上。 mean to do sth.打算，想要做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事，意思是做某事 — I am so sorry! I didn’t mean to hurt her.“我很抱歉！我不是有意伤害她的。” —But talking like that means hurting her.“但是那样说话意味着伤害她。” try to do sth.努力做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 I tried to fall asleep but I failed last night. 昨晚我竭力入睡却没能成功。 You can try listening to soft music at bedtime.你可以睡前试着听听轻音乐。 can’t help(to)do sth.不能帮忙做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住做某事 I have piles of homework and can’t help to prepare for your project.我作业很多， 没法帮你为这个项目做准备。 She couldn’t help laughing at the funny story. 听到有趣的故事，她忍不住笑起来。 动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动词-ving形式作宾语意义相同 want，need，require接动词-ving形式表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动词-ving形式之间为动宾关系。 注意：sth. be worthy of being done =sth. be worthy to be done = sth. be worth doing The machine wants/needs to be repaired/needs repairing. 这台机器需要修理 Now that you’re grown up, you’d better spend your time just on the things you find worthy of being done/worthy to be done/worth doing.既然你们已经长大了，你们最好多花一点时间在你们认为值得做的事情上。 某些动词跟动词不定式和跟动词-ing形式内涵 不同 stop to do停下来，要做另一件事 stop doing停止做 We stopped to have a short rest after a long-time walk.长途跋涉之后我们停下 来稍作休息。 They stopped talking when the teacher entered the classroom.老师走进教室，他们便停止交谈。 go on to do sth.接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事 After finishing his homework, he went on to read English articles.写完作业之 后，他接下来去阅读英语文章。 Though it was late, she went on practising her oral English.尽管天色已晚，她依旧继续练习英语口语。 it作形式主语，动词-ing形式作真正的主语 “It is + no use/no good/useless/worthwhile”句型 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 动词-ing形式用于特殊句型 “There is no + doing”句型 There is no telling what will happen next.无法预料接下来会发生什么。 三、单元写作清单 1.作文题目 (25-26高二上·湖南长沙·阶段检测)假设你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将举办“音乐之声”主题分享会，请你用英文写一篇发言稿，介绍你最喜欢的歌手或乐队(singer/band)。 内容包括：1. 该歌手或乐队的基本信息； 2. 你喜欢他/她/他们的理由； 3. 他/她/他们的音乐带给你的影响或感受。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 My Favourite ________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.写作框架 总框架 分要点 细分细节 My Favourite Singer/Band 1. Tell who your favourite singer/band is点明最喜欢的歌手 / 乐队 简单引出，发言稿开头问候听众 2. Mention your experience of getting to know him/her/them了解该歌手 / 乐队的经历 Especially when you first heard their music第一次听他们音乐的经历 3. Describe characteristics of their music音乐的特点 ① style 音乐风格 ② lyrics 歌词 ③ melody 旋律 4. Reasons for liking & influence on you喜爱理由 + 音乐带给你的影响感受 对应题目要点 2、3；结尾简单呼吁 / 总结，发言稿收尾 3.写作素材 1. 称谓相关 composer n.作曲家 musician n.音乐人 pianist n.钢琴家 singer n.歌手 a classical musician一位古典音乐家 a legendary band传奇乐队 a rock band摇滚乐队 talented musician有天赋的音乐人 2. 风格相关 creativity n.创造力 genre n.音乐流派 innovation n.创新 melodious adj.旋律优美的 compose music创作乐曲 demonstrate creativity展现创造力 compose musical masterpieces创作音乐杰作 evolution across music genres音乐流派上的演变、发展 innovation in song-writing创作方面的创新 profound lyrics内涵深刻的歌词 show one’s talent for music展现音乐天赋 3. 评价相关 brilliant adj.杰出的；优秀的 fearless adj.无所畏惧的 masterpiece n.杰作 optimism n.乐观 perseverance n.坚持不懈 positive adj.积极的 profound adj.深刻的 resilience n.坚韧 a cultural phenomenon文化现象 a strong sense of social responsibility强烈的社会责任感 a timeless musical masterpiece不朽的音乐杰作 be well known for being slow and melodious以节奏缓慢、旋律优美而闻名 4. 感悟相关 admire v.敬佩；欣赏 challenge n.&v.挑战 encourage v.鼓舞 enthusiasm n.热情 be deeply drawn to sb.深深被某人吸引 be profoundly admired深受敬佩 be devoted to public welfare投身公共事业 encourage thoughtful reflection启发深刻反思 face challenges with optimism乐观面对挑战 inspire people to pursue their dreams激励人们追逐梦想 inspire/spark one’s enthusiasm激发某人的热情 turn personal stories into songs将亲身经历写成歌曲 4. 范文背诵 My Favourite singer Dear teachers and fellow students, I’m Li Hua, and it’s a great pleasure to share my favorite singer, Taylor Swift.（并列句；and连接两个简单句；it 作形式主语，真正主语 to share…） There are three main reasons why she deeply inspires me.（why 引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasons） First of all, her songwriting is profoundly authentic; She turns personal stories into songs that resonate universally.（that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 songs）Moreover, her fearless evolution across music genres, from country to pop to folk, demonstrates remarkable courage and creativity.Most importantly, her music consistently conveys messages of self‑empowerment and resilience. Thanks to her, I’ve learned to face challenges with optimism and express my own feelings bravely.Her art truly unites us through shared emotions.Thank you. 易错点01“consist”有关的用法 1．consist of 由……组成(或构成)(consistent adj.一致的；连续的) consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of由……组成 consist in＝lie in在于；存在于 be consistent with...与……一致 用法点拨　consist of没有进行时态和被动语态 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【对点训练】 A traditional Chinese dragon, which 1.________ (consist) of many different animal parts, is an important cultural symbol. It 2.________ (make) up of the head of a camel, the horns of a deer and the scales of a fish. In ancient stories, the dragon 3.________ (compose) of these parts stands for power and good luck. A dragon group performance, 4.________ (consist) of a dozen performers, is often seen at the Spring Festival. The whole dragon dance team 5.________ (be) made up of young and energetic people. 6. Only when our words are ___________ （consist）with our actions can we make a difference to our lives.It’s time to _________ the past. 【答案】1. consists 2. is made 3. composed 4. consisting 5. is 6.consistent 易错点02 tear相关的短语辨析 tear apart使(关系密切的人)分离，分开tear sth. apart 使四分五裂；使分崩离析；撕毁；撕碎 tear down 拆毁，拆除(建筑物、墙等)tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等)tear...from 从……撕下…… 【对点训练】 1.The war tore many families ________, leaving thousands of children homeless. 2. Angrily, she tore ________ the letter and threw the pieces into the bin. 3. He tore a page ________ his notebook and handed it to me. 4. The old city walls ________ (tear) down in the 1960s. 【答案】1.apart 2.up 3.from 4. were torn 易错点03 形容词短语作状语 Angry and sad，Liang falls sick and dies. 译文：梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。。 总结：形容词短语作状语常用来说明句子主语的状态，可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等，一般用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。 【对点训练】 1.___________(surprise) and overjoyed，Jane held her husband tightly and told him how much she loved him. 2.They were excited and moved，so they wept and hugged each other.(读后续写之兴奋心理描写) →________________，they wept and hugged each other.(用形容词短语作状语改写) (3)冷静又自信，她走上舞台发表演讲。 ________________, she stepped onto the stage to give her speech.(形容词短语作状语) 【答案】1.Surprised 2.Excited and moved 3.Calm and confident 1、 默写重点单词 1. _______________ vt. 值得，应得 2. _______________ vi. & vt. & n. 耳语，低语 3. _______________ vi. & vt. 哭泣，流泪 4. _______________ vt. 克服 5. _______________ adj. 乡村的，农村的 6. _______________ vt. 保证，担保；保修 7. _______________ vi. 流，流动 8. _______________ adj. 太阳的 9. _______________ vt. & vi. 吸引；抓住 10. _______________ adj. 复杂的，难懂的 11. _______________ vt. 陪同，陪伴；为……伴奏 12. _______________ n. 名誉，名声 13. _______________ adj. 明亮的；聪颖的，技艺高的 14. _______________ vt. 使烦恼；搅乱 15. _______________ vt. 抛弃；舍弃 16. _______________ adj. 宏大的，宏伟的 17. _______________ adj. 合适的，适宜的 18. _______________ vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)混合 19. _______________ n. 改编本，改写本 20. _______________ adj. 不寻常的，非凡的 【答案】 1. deserve 2. whisper 3. weep 4. overcome 5. rural 6. guarantee 7. flow 8. solar 9. grab 10. complicated 11. accompany 12. reputation 13. brilliant 14. upset 15. abandon 16. grand 17. suitable 18. combine 19. adaptation 20. extraordinary 二、词汇运用 1.[外研选必一U3P36]He performed beyond everyone's ___________(expect) with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts. 2.[外研选必三U2P24—25]This was a ___________(remark) achievement by the Chinese team of scientists, in such a short space of time. 3. [外研选必一U1P12]Life is never smooth sailing and sometimes can be ___________ (complicate) and cruel. 4.They discussed the plan ________ and showed great ________ about it.(enthusiastic) 5.The movie ___________ her overnight from an ordinary girl into a star，which in turn brought about a ___________ in her outlook.(transform) 6.As a matter of fact，the suit isn’t ___________ for you，so buy another one.(suit) 【答案】1. expectations　2.remarkable　3. complicated 4.enthusiastically；enthusiasm 5.transformed；transformation；6.suitable 三、重点句型 1. 她举起手，好像要说些什么。(as if) She raised her hands . 2. 她原来是我姐姐的朋友。(turn out) she was a friend of my sister. 3. 生气且绝望，梁山伯最终得病去世了。(形容词作状语) , Liang Shanbo fell sick and eventually . 4. 我看到一个男人在追一个偷他钱包的小偷。(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语) who stole his wallet. 5.这事不完全像我想的那么简单。（as...as) It wasn't quite _________________________________________________ it would be. 6.这座纪念碑是为了纪念那些为保卫国家而牺牲的士兵们而建的。(in defence of) The monument is built in memory of the soldiers who died _________________________. 【答案】1. as if to say something 2. It turned out that 3. Angry and desperate; passed away 4. I saw a man running after a thief 5. as simple as I thought　6. in defence of their country 四、课文语法填空 Combining Chinese and Western musical elements, Butterfly Lovers is a famous violin concerto 1. __________ (compose) by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. It takes us through the story of a young couple torn apart by 2. __________ (they) families. This beautiful piece of music 3. __________ (express) different moods. At first, the music is light and pleasant, telling Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai's first meeting. It is followed by a fast and cheerful section 4. __________ represents their three happy years of school. Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is when the lovers 5. __________ (separate). Finally, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform 6. __________ butterflies and fly away. Country music became popular in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. It grew out of such music types as the blues and folk music, so the 7. __________ (musician) use many similar instruments. The tunes are easy 8. __________ (sing), and the lyrics often leave you deep in 9. __________ (think). The songs are not only about hardship and heartbreak, but also about hope. Country music shows the 10. __________ (peace) green fields and simple life of the countryside. 【答案】 1. composed　2. their　3. expresses　4. which/that　5. are separated　6. into　7. musicians　8. to sing　9. thought　10. peaceful 五、阅读理解 A （25-26高一下·江苏南京·期末）On paper, hydrogen (氢气) looks like a dream fuel. In practice, things are trickier. Storing meaningful quantities of hydrogen gas requires compressing (压缩) it several hundred times. Transforming it into liquid state is another option, but one that requires cooling the stuff to -253℃. Either process requires rugged tanks. Over time, hydrogen gas can pass slowly into metals, weakening them and potentially causing damage. Tanks must be built from special materials designed to avoid this breakdown. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute led by Marcus Vogt, think that supplying hydrogen as goop (糊状) offers a way around some of its limitations. They have been experimenting with a chemical compound that can be pumped into a container and then persuaded to give off its hydrogen on demand. Their invention, which they nickname “powerpaste”, looks like toothpaste. Its main ingredient is magnesium hydride, a compound that when introduced to water, reacts with it to form hydrogen and magnesium hydroxide. The escaped hydrogen can then be redirected into a fuel container, where it reacts with oxygen from the air to generate electric power. The magnesium hydroxide waste is self-emptied from the reactor. Dr Vogt’s invention offers several advantages over batteries, petrol and more traditional ways of handling hydrogen. One is the storage of energy that either batteries or petrol can manage. A second is ease of refilling, which is simply a matter of replacing an empty container of paste with a full one, and topping up the water, which is stored in a separate tank. A third advantage is that, unlike a battery, the paste does not gradually lose its stored energy if it is left on the shelf. Moreover, the paste itself is harmless, and so are the reaction’s by-products. But there are still more to work through. Magnesium hydride reacts only slowly with water. To address this, Dr Vogt and his team have found a chemical additive that greatly speeds up the reaction. They have also found a way to ensure that the reaction can be controlled to supply only as much hydrogen as is needed at any given moment. 1．Which of the following best explains “rugged” underlined in Paragraph 1? A．Small. B．Delicate. C．Tough. D．Huge. 2．What can we know about the invention according to Paragraph 3? A．Water and electricity are necessary in the process. B．Several chemical reactions occur in the same tank. C．The remaining waste needs removing with extra help. D．Magnesium hydride mixed with water and releases hydrogen. 3．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By quoting sayings. B．By drawing comparisons. C．By providing examples. D．By explaining a theory. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．“Toothpaste” in Your Tank. B．Dream Fuel: Hydrogen Gas. C．New Clean Efficient Energy. D．Advantages of Hydrogen Goop. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Storing meaningful quantities of hydrogen gas requires compressing (压缩) it several hundred times. Transforming it into liquid state is another option, but one that requires cooling the stuff to -253℃. Either process requires rugged tanks. Over time, hydrogen gas can pass slowly into metals, weakening them and potentially causing damage.(储存足量的氢气需要将它压缩数百倍。将其转化为液态是另一种方案，但这需要将氢气冷却至零下253摄氏度。无论采用哪种工艺，都需要rugged的储罐。久而久之，氢气会慢慢渗入金属内部，削弱金属强度，并可能造成损坏)”可知，氢气储存条件苛刻（高压或超低温），且会缓慢渗入金属导致其变脆损坏，因此储存罐必须非常坚固耐用才能避免这种破坏。rugged在此处意为“坚固的，结实的”，与tough同义。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Its main ingredient is magnesium hydride, a compound that when introduced to water, reacts with it to form hydrogen and magnesium hydroxide.(它的主要成分是氢化镁，这是一种遇水就会发生反应生成氢气和氢氧化镁的化合物)”可知，氢化镁与水混合后发生反应释放氢气。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Dr Vogt’s invention offers several advantages over batteries, petrol and more traditional ways of handling hydrogen.(福格博士的这项发明，相比电池、汽油以及更多传统的氢气处理方式，具备多项优势)”以及后文列举的“One is the storage of energy that either batteries or petrol can manage. A-second is ease of refilling, which is simply a matter of replacing an empty container of paste with a full one, and topping up the water, which is stored in a separate tank. A third advantage is that, unlike a battery, the paste does not gradually lose its stored energy if it is left on the shelf.(其一，它的能量储存量可与电池或汽油相媲美；其二，补充燃料十分便捷，只需将空的糊状燃料容器替换为满装容器，并给独立水箱补满水即可；其三，和电池不同，这种糊状燃料即便长期搁置在货架上，也不会逐渐损耗储存的能量)”可知，该段通过将“能量膏”与电池、汽油及传统储氢方式进行比较来展开论述。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第二段的“Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute led by Marcus Vogt, think that supplying hydrogen as goop (糊状) offers a way around some of its limitations. They have been experimenting with a chemical compound that can be pumped into a container and then persuaded to give off its hydrogen on demand.(由马库斯·福格带领的弗劳恩霍夫研究所的研究人员认为，以糊状形式提供氢气可以规避现有储氢方式的部分局限。他们一直在试验一种可泵入容器、并能按需释放氢气的化合物)”以及第三段的“Their invention, which they nickname “powerpaste”, looks like toothpaste.(他们的这项发明被昵称为“能量膏”，外观看起来和牙膏十分相似)”可知，文章核心介绍了一种形似牙膏、名为“powerpaste”的新型储氢材料及其应用。A项““Toothpaste” in Your Tank.”运用比喻，生动点明主题，涵盖核心发明与应用场景，适合作为标题。 B （24-25高三上· 浙江杭州·开学考试）The launch of a tool to record a vanishing Greek dialect drew attention back this week to one of the great extinctions of the modern world: nine languages are believed to be disappearing every year. Romeyka, which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For linguists, it is a“ living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow. But some languages are in even bigger trouble, with 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in distinct colours, with a language stripes chart, devised to illustrate the accelerating decline in each decade between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them. The history of languages has always been linked to colonialism (殖民主义) and political persecution (迫害), which scatter populations as well as controlling them. The Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA) has tracked down and mapped hundreds of dying languages in New York, which is an unexpected discovery. These dialects are supposed to be found in remote rural areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York. From Sami reindeer herders across the Arctic to Australia’s Indigenous (土著的) peoples, the ways in which people express themselves hide secret messages about ancient ways of living in nature. Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive. By simply honouring their existence, linguists play an important role. Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for preserving endangered languages famously argued that losing any language was “like dropping a bomb on the Louvre”. 5．What does “Romeyka” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．An extinct ancient Greek language. B．A language with very few written words. C．A disappearing dialect related to ancient Greek. D．A popular dialect loved by the young generation. 6．Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2? A．To show the importance of the dialects. B．To conclude the diversity of the dialects. C．To explain different ways to protect dialects. D．To illustrate the tendency of fast dying dialects. 7．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Seke is a place in the mountains of Nepal. B．People assume fewer dialects exist in big cities. C．Nepal and New York were twin cities many years ago. D．ELA is not surprised to trace an original Nepal dialect to Brooklyn. 8．What does Ken Hale’s quote mean? A．The extinction of a dialect is a great loss. B．Bombing Louver is a disaster to any language. C．Ancient ways of living are kept secret in Louvre. D．Languages are to survive simply by honoring them. 【答案】5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讨论了全球濒危语言的现状及保护它们的重要性。 【详解】5．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For linguists, it is a“ living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow.(是由土耳其黑海沿岸山区村落中几千名老年人口使用的语言，与现代希腊语分离了几千年。它没有书面形式。对于语言学家来说，它是通往古希腊世界的“活桥梁”，失去它显然是一个打击。)”可知，Romeyka是一种与现代希腊语分离了几千年的方言，没有书面形式，对于语言学家来说，它是通往古希腊世界的“活桥梁”，失去它显然是一个打击。因此，Romeyka指的是一种正在消失的与古希腊有关的方言。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But some languages are in even bigger trouble, with 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in distinct colours, with a language stripes chart, devised to illustrate the accelerating decline in each decade between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them.(但是有些语言面临着更大的麻烦，有350种语言的母语使用者不到50人，有46种语言的母语使用者只有1人。澳大利亚和英国机构之间的合作以不同的颜色描绘了这种情况，并设计了一张语言条纹图，以说明从1700年到今天，每个十年间都在加速下降的趋势。该图的作者预测，到2150年，世界上7000种语言中将有50%至90%灭绝。即使现在，地球上也有一半人只使用这24种语言。)”可知，使用数字是为了说明方言快速消亡的趋势。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“These dialects are supposed to be found in remote rural areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York.(这些方言本应出现在偏远的农村地区。ELA更惊人的发现之一是，尼泊尔一群山村中起源的塞克语（Seke）有700名幸存者，其中一半以上的人住在纽约市，他们中的许多人甚至不知道自己是说这种语言的人。)”可知人们认为这些方言应该存在于偏远的农村地区，但令人震惊的是，在纽约布鲁克林区的两栋公寓大楼里，可以找到700名幸存的Seke方言使用者中的150多人。这表明人们认为大城市中方言的数量较少，但实际上并非如此。故选B。 8．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for preserving endangered languages famously argued that losing any language was “like dropping a bomb on the Louvre”.( 以积极保护濒危语言而闻名的肯·黑尔（Ken Hale）曾激烈地表示，失去任何一种语言“就像是在卢浮宫投下一颗炸弹”。)”可知，Ken Hale的引用“losing any language was ‘like dropping a bomb on the Louvre’”意味着失去任何一种语言都是巨大的损失，就像对卢浮宫投下炸弹一样。因此，A选项“方言的灭绝是巨大的损失”是正确的解释。故选A。 六、语法填空 （25-26高一下·江苏常州·期末）When we think of great scientists, names like Einstein or Newton often come to mind. However, history is filled with brilliant women 1 discoveries have shaped our world — yet their stories are less known. One 2 (shine) example is Marie Curie, a Polish-born physicist and chemist. She was the first woman and the only person 3 (win) a Nobel Prize in two 4 (science) fields: Physics and Chemistry. Her pioneering research on radioactivity not only introduced a new term into science but also led to cancer treatments that save millions of lives today. 5 facing harsh criticism because of her gender, she remained dedicated to her work. Another remarkable figure is Tu Youyou, a Chinese pharmaceutical chemist. 6 (refer) to the ancient Chinese medical books, she designed the experiments and discovered artemisinin, a drug that has dramatically reduced death rates from malaria, one of the 7 (dead) diseases in human history. She and her team managed to find solutions 8 various problems with limited research resources. For this achievement, she 9 (award) the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. These women overcame social barriers, lack of funding, and skepticism. They proved that science has no gender 10 only curiosity, persistence, and courage. Their stories encourage all students, especially young girls, to pursue careers in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics). 【答案】1．whose 2．shining 3．to win/to have won 4．scientific 5．Despite/When/While/Though/Although 6．Referring /Having referred 7．deadliest/most deadly/deadly 8．to 9．was awarded 10．but 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：然而，历史上有许多杰出女性，她们的发现重塑了我们的世界，可她们的事迹却鲜为人知。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词brilliant women指人，关系词在从句中作名词discoveries的定语，表所属关系，用关系代词whose。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：一个耀眼的例子便是玛丽·居里，一位出生于波兰的物理学家与化学家。此处非谓语动词作前置定语修饰example，shine与逻辑主语example之间是主动关系，用现在分词shining，意为“耀眼的、出色的”。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一位、也是唯一一位在物理与化学两大科学领域均斩获诺贝尔奖的人。名词被the only修饰时，后置定语只能用动词不定式；此处既可表动作发生在主句谓语之后，所以此处为to win；也可强调动作已完成，所以此处为to have won。 4．考查形容词。句意：她是第一位、也是唯一一位在物理与化学两大科学领域均斩获诺贝尔奖的人。此处修饰名词fields，需要形容词作定语，science对应的形容词scientific，意为“科学的”。 5．考查连词/介词。句意：尽管因性别遭受严苛非议，她仍全身心投入研究。此处引导让步逻辑，空后为动名词，所以此处可为介词despite；也可为连词when/while/though/although引导省略主语与be动词的让步状语从句，位于句首单词首字母需大写。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：参考中国古代医籍，她设计实验并发现了青蒿素，这种药物大幅降低疟疾致死率，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。此处非谓语动词作状语，refer与逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，用现在分词referring；也可强调“查阅古籍”发生在设计实验之前，用现在分词的完成式having referred，位于句首单词首字母需大写。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：参考中国古代医籍，她设计实验并发现了青蒿素，这种药物大幅降低疟疾致死率，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。固定结构one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数，dead对应的形容词deadly意为“致命的”，此处使用其最高级为deadliest，也可用most deadly；deadly作形容词原级也可用于此处语境。 8．考查介词。句意：她和团队在科研资源有限的情况下，成功找到各类难题的解决办法。固定搭配solutions to problems，意为“难题的解决方法”，此处为介词to。 9．考查动词时态与语态。句意：凭借这一成就，她于2015年被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。主语she与award之间是被动关系，时间状语in 2015表过去，使用一般过去时被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was awarded。 10．考查连词。句意：她们证明科学无关性别，只关乎好奇心、毅力与勇气。前后两个分句为转折对比逻辑，固定结构not...but...，意为“不是……而是……”，用并列连词but。 $Unit 2 The universal language 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. n. 作曲家，作曲者 2. n. 交响乐，交响曲 3. n. 悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 4. n. 坟墓；死亡，去世adj. 严重的；严肃的 5. vi. & vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化 6. n. (the blues) 布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤 7. adj. 民间的，民俗的n. 民间音乐；人们；各位；家人 8. n. 曲调，曲子vt. 调音；调频道；调整 9. adj. 乡村的，农村的 10. n. 周围，环境 11. adj. 共产主义的n. 共产主义者 12. n. 武装入侵的军队（或国家），侵略者 13. n. 独奏，独唱adj. 独自的；独唱的，独奏的 14. n. (pl. spacecraft)航天（飞行）器，宇宙飞船 15. adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 16. adj. 合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的 17. n. (pl. handkerchiefs or handkerchieves) 手帕，纸巾 18. adj. 大量的，辽阔的，巨大的 19. n. 预言，预测 20. adj. 不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的 21. vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气 22. adj. 绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的 23. n. 天赋，天资；天才 24. n. 变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种 25. n. 合唱曲；副歌；合唱团 26. adj. 宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的 二、写作词汇： 1. vt. & vi. 作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静 2. vt. 值得，应得 3. vi. & vt. 耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响n. 低语；轻柔的声音；传言 4. adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的 5. vt. (overcame, overcome) 受到…的极大影响；克服，解决； 6. vt. & vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并 7. n. 改编本，改写本；适应 8. vt. & vi. 保护，防御；辩白，辩解 9. vi. 流，流动；充满；涨起n. 流，流动；连贯；涨潮 10. n. 录音，视频；录制；记录，记载 11. vi. 盯着看，凝视，注视n. 盯，凝视，注视 12. n. 呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象 13. adj. 特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的 14. vt. & vi. 吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧 15. vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除n. 打扫，清扫 16. adj. 遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的 17. adj. 复杂的，难懂的 18. vt. 陪同，陪伴；伴随，与…同时发生；为…伴奏 19. n. 希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望 20. adj. 非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的 21. vi. & vt. 鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动n. 小溪；（人）流，（车）流 22. adj. 热情的，热心的 23. adj. 聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的 24. adj. 难过的，失望的/ʌpˈset/ vt. (upset, upset) 使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 25. vt. 具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制 26. vt. 中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 27. adj. 令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的 28. n. 容易，轻易；舒适，安逸vi. & vt.（使）宽慰，减轻 三、词汇变形： 1. composer n. 作曲家→ v. 作曲；组成→ n. 作文；作曲；构成 2. deserve v. 值得；应得→ adj. 应得的；理所当然的→ adj. 值得的；应受奖赏的 3. dramatic adj. 激动人心的，引人注目的，戏剧的，突然的，夸张的→ adv. 引人注目地→ n. 戏剧 4. grave n. 坟墓 adj. 严重的，严肃的→ n. 严重性；严肃，庄严；重力 5. transform v.(使) 变形 / 转化→ n. 变化，转变→ n. 变压器，变形金刚 6. combine vi.&vt. 结合，联合→ n. 结合体；联合 7. rely v. 依赖，依靠→ 依赖→ adj. 可靠的→ adj. 不可靠的 8. surroundings n. 环境→ vt. 包围，环绕→ adj. 周围的，附近的 9. adaptation n. 改编；适应→ v. 改编；适应→ adj. 有适应能力的 10. invader n. 侵略者→ vt. 入侵，侵略→ n. 入侵 11. defend v. 保护，防御，辩解→ / n. 防御→ adj. 防御的 12. suitable adj. 合适的→ vt. 适合→ adj. 不适合的 13. distant adj. 遥远的，冷淡的，远亲的→ n. 距离，差异，冷淡，疏远 14. breath n. 呼吸→ v. 呼吸→ adj. 气喘吁吁的→ adv. 气喘吁吁地 15. accompany vt. 陪伴→ n. 陪伴→ n. 伴侣，同伴 16. expectation n. 期望，预料→ v. 期待→ adj. 预期的→ adj. 出人意料的 17. remarkable adj. 非凡的，显著的→ adv. 显著地→ v.&n. 评论，谈论 18. enthusiastic adj. 热情的→ adv. 热情地→ n. 热情→ n. 爱好者 19. brilliant adj. 聪颖的，明亮的→ n. 才华；光辉 20. prediction n. 预言，预测→ vt. 预测→ adj. 可预测的→ adj. 不可预测的→ n. 预言者 21. extraordinary adj. 不寻常的，非凡的，卓越的→ adv. 极其→ adj. 普通的，平凡的 22. depress vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧→ n. 抑郁，沮丧→ adj. 感到沮丧的→ adj. 令人沮丧的 23. possess v. 拥有，具有 (特质)→ n. 拥有→ n. 财产 (同义 belongings) 24. abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃；舍弃 n.[U] 放任；放纵→ adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的→ n. 中止，放弃 25. desperate adj. 绝望的，不顾一切的→ adv. 绝望地；拼命地→ n. 绝望 26. greedy adj. 贪婪的；贪心的；贪吃的→ adv. 贪婪地，贪心地→ n. 贪婪 27. association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→ v. 联想，联系；(使) 关联 四、拓展词汇 1. 音乐与艺术 vocalist n. 声乐家，歌手 tempo n.（音乐）速度，节拍 solo n. 独奏；独唱 album n. 音乐专辑 rehearsal n. 排练，彩排 ballet n. 芭蕾舞 gallery n. 美术馆，画廊 tuneup n.乐器）调音 pianist n. 钢琴家 masterpiec n. 杰作，代表作 2. 情感与内心感受 sorrow n. 悲伤，悲痛 delight n.&v. 高兴，愉悦 sorrowful adj. 悲伤的 passionate adj. 充满激情的 melancholy n.&adj. 忧郁（的） thrill n.&v. 使激动，震颤 sympathy n. 共鸣，同情 grief n. 忧伤，悲痛 ecstasy n. 狂喜 longing n. 渴望，思念 3. 文化传承与艺术评价 legacy n. 文化遗产，遗留物 primitive adj. 原始的，本土的 aesthetic adj. 美学的，审美的 antique adj. 古老的；n. 古董 preservevt. 保护，保存 inherit vt. 继承 refine vt. 改良，完善 folklore n. 民间艺术，民俗 indigenous adj. 本土的，土著的 treasure n. 瑰宝，珍宝 4. 交际、传递与互通 mediate v. 调和，斡旋 perceive vt. 感知，领悟 radiate vt. 散发（情感） resonate vi. 共鸣，共振 interchange n.&v. 交流互换 reconcile vt. 调和，使和解 permeate v. 渗透，弥漫 decodevt. 解读，破译 assimilate vt. 同化，吸收 五、熟词生义 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．So upset① did she feel that she accidentally upset② the vase on the table，which upset③ her roommate with the sudden chaos in the early morning. ①adj.难过的　②vt.打翻　③vt.使烦恼 2．A rare hurricane swept① across our hometown，sweeping② away all my belongings，and the whole house lay in ruins.With the neighbors’ help，we swept③ the ruins with effort. ①vi.席卷，横扫 　②vi.吹走　③vt.打扫 3．In the brilliant① sunshine，the brilliant② musician held a charity performance for the earthquake-stricken area and appealed to a large audience to donate money，which turned out brilliant③. ①adj.明亮的　②adj.技艺高的　③adj.很成功的 4．I haven’t seen my distant① cousin who lives in a distant② mountain village for a long time，but the time and distance didn’t make us feel distant③. ①adj.远亲的　②adj.遥远的 　③adj.冷淡的，疏远的 六、核心短语 单词表短语 1. tear apart 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开 2. rely on 依赖，依靠；信任 3. throw in 奉送，额外赠送 4. for good measure 作为额外增添 5. consist of 由…组成（或构成） 6. get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事 7. all of a sudden 突然，猛地 单词的高频常用短语 1. be composed by 由…… 创作 2. deserve to be heard 值得一听 3. be overcome with sorrow 悲痛欲绝 4. combine Chinese and Western musical elements 融合中西音乐元素 5. have one’s roots in 源自、扎根于 6. introduce sb to sth 给某人介绍某物 7. all the time 总是，时时刻刻 8. It turns out that… 结果是，事实证明 9. spread across the nation 风靡全国 10. grow out of 源自于，由…… 发展而来 11. leave you deep in thought 引人深思 12. be suggestive of 使人联想到 13. think highly of 高度评价 14. share his music with 和…… 分享他的音乐 15. it's no use doing 做…… 没有用处 16. turn up the volume 调大音量 17. hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 18. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 19. be decorated with 用…… 装饰 20. stream into 涌入 21. make predictions about 对…… 做出预判 22. take a sharp turn 命运急转 23. be regarded as 被视作 写作 句型 1.Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto 主句 composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. 过去分词作定语 译文：昨晚，我看了《梁祝》的演出，这是一首优美的小提琴协奏曲，由何占豪和陈钢创作。 2. Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies. 形容词作状语 主句 译文：梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。 3. When the song had finished, I stood not knowing whether I liked it or not. 时间状语从句 主句 宾语从句 译文：这首歌唱完后，我站在那里，不知道我是否喜欢它。 语法 动名词做主语和宾语 写作 写一篇关于介绍最喜欢的歌手或乐队的应用文 一、知识点精讲 1．deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/vt.值得，应得(deserving adj.值得的，应得的) 【词汇拓展】 deserved adj. 应得的；理所当然的 deserving adj. 值得的 【核心固定搭配】 ①deserve to do sth值得做某事；应该做某事 ②deserve to be done(＝deserve＋doing/n.)值得被做 ③deserve sth值得/应得某事/物 【经典例句】 (1) Qu Yuan is widely acknowledged to be one of the most influential historical figures，who really ___________/___________/___________. 译文：屈原被普遍认为是最有影响力的历史人物之一，他值得受尊敬。 用法点拨　deserve to be done与deserve doing意思相同，此处-ing形式是主动形式表示被动意义。用法相同的单词还有need，want，require等。 2．transform /trænsˈfɔːm/vt.& vi.(使)改观，(使)变形，(使)转化 【词汇拓展】 transformation n．转化；转换；改观；改变；变形 【核心固定搭配】 ①transform...into...使……变成…… ②transform...from...into...把……从……变成…… 【经典例句】 Additionally，your generous help and tender care made me feel as warm as at home and ___________my first trip to America___________an unforgettable memory. 译文：另外，您的慷慨帮助和精心照顾让我感到家一般的温暖，且把我的首次美国之旅变成了一种难忘的回忆。 3．suitable/ˈsuːtəbl/ adj.合适的，适当的，适宜的，适用的 【词汇拓展】 suit vt.对……方便；合身；适合；适宜 n．一套衣服；西装，套装 【核心固定搭配】 ① be suitable for...适合于…… ② be suitable to do sth适合做某事 ③ suit sth to sb/sth 使……适合(或适应)某人/事物 【经典例句】 (1)Transportation and technology are the___________(suit) topics that your teachers and schoolmates may be interested in.(2024·北京，书面表达) (2)A good teacher ___________(suit)his lessons to the age of his pupils. (3)①I firmly believe ______________________/______________________，because I have a good command of English.(suitable) ②I firmly believe ______________________，because I have a good command of English.(suit) 译文：我坚信我适合(做)这项志愿者工作，因为我精通英语。 4．accompany /əˈkʌmpəni/vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏 【词汇拓展】 companion n．伙伴；同伴 company n．公司；做伴，陪伴 【核心固定搭配】 ① accompany sb to sp陪伴某人去某地 ② accompany sb at/on sth用某物为某人伴奏(尤指用钢琴) ③ be accompanied by由(某人)陪同/伴奏；伴随着④ keep sb company(＝accompany sb)陪伴某人 【经典例句】 (1)Wherever she goes，her pet dog follows her，and the lady is happy to have such a nice ___________(company)． (2)_________________________________，the girl gave us an unusual performance，which won great applause.(过去分词短语作状语) 译文：在她母亲的钢琴伴奏下，这个女孩给我们带来了一场不同寻常的演出，赢得了热烈的掌声。(读后续写之场景描写) (3)The wind blew the trees violently on our sides，______________________and you can hardly imagine how frightened we were. 译文：风猛刮着我们旁边的树，伴随着大雨，你很难想象我们是多么害怕。(读后续写之场景、心理描写) 5．expectation/ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/ n．希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望 【词汇拓展】 expect v．预期；盼望；认为，料想；指望 【核心固定搭配】 ① beyond (sb’s) expectations 出乎(某人的)意料 ② meet/live up to one’s expectations不辜负某人所望 ③ expect (sb) to do sth 期待/指望(某人)做某事 【经典例句】 (1)The video got thousands of clicks and reviews within hours，which was totally beyond my___________.（expect） (2)I am convinced that my enthusiasm and devotion will______________________. 译文：我相信我的热情和投入一定不会辜负您的期望。(应用文写作之申请信) 6．abandon/əˈbændən/ vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 n．放纵 【词汇拓展】 abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的 【核心固定搭配】 ① abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 ② abandon oneself to...沉湎于…… ③ with abandon放纵地；尽情地 ④ be abandoned to (doing)沉湎于(做) 【经典例句】 (1)He abandoned___________(join) our team，which was beyond our expectations. (2)I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents. →_________________________________，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) →______________________，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.(用形容词短语作状语改写) 7．rely on 依靠，依赖；信任 【词汇拓展】reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的 【核心固定搭配】 ①rely on sb to do sth指望/相信某人会做某事 ②rely on doing sth依赖/信任/指望做某事 ③rely on it that...相信……；指望…… 【经典例句】 (1)You can rely on John to help(help) you out，because he is a ___________(rely) person. (2)Don’t rely on ___________(cheat) in the exam，for you will never get away with it. (3)I respect my uncle most because I can ______________________________/____________________________ whenever I am in trouble. 译文：我最尊敬我的叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。 用法点拨　介词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，而需要先用it作形式宾语再接宾语从句。与rely on意义和用法相同的短语还有：depend on，count on。 二、核心语法精讲 动词-ing形式的变化 非谓语 时态 语态 复合结构 否定式 动词-ving 一般式 doing being done 作宾语可用 sb.(普通格)或 sb’s (所有格)+ doing 作主语只能用 sb’s(所有格)+ doing 说明：复合结构中，逻辑主语为无生命名词时，就用普通格。 在前加not 特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb./sb’s not doing sb./sb’s not having done 完成式 having done having been done 动词-ing形式的功能 所能充当的成分 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾语补足语 状语 v-ing ● ● ● ● ● ● 说明：①通常我们把作主语、宾语、表语或定语的v-ing形式统称为“动名词”； ②v-ing形式还可以作表语或定语，这时我们又把其称之为“现在分词”； ③v-ing形式作宾语补足语或状语时，我们也把其称之为“现在分词”。 (②③两点不是本单元所要涉及的知识) 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语用时的重点 情 形 解 读 例 句 动词-ing形式与不定式作谓语动词宾语时的区别 一般来说，不定式表示一次的、具体的动作；动词-ving形式表示长期的、经常的行为 I likeswimming,but I don’t like to swim today. 我喜欢游泳但我今天不想游泳。 用动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词(短语) “避免”“逃避”“放弃”，该“停止”：avoid, escape, give up, quit/stop He gave up drinking last year. 去年他戒酒了。 “想要”“喜爱/享受”“欣赏/感激”，弃“不喜欢/憎恶”：feel like, enjoy, appreciate, dislike/hate I feel like taking a break now. 此刻我想要休息一会儿。 “坚持”“继续”“练习”，莫“错 过”：insist on, keep(on), practice, miss She kept(on)practising speaking English last winter.去年冬天她一直坚持练习英 语口语。 “完成”“想象”“劝告”“建议”， 定“允许”：finish, imagine, advise, suggest, permit/allow I havefinished writing the letter. 我已经写完了这封信。 “延期”“推迟”“介意”，徒“后悔”：delay, postpone/put off, mind, regret Now he regrets putting off carrying out his plan.如今他后悔推迟实施自己的计划。 “承认”“否认”“提到”，需“报告”：acknowledge/admit, deny, mention, report The boy denied having broken the window.男孩否认打碎了窗户。 “容忍”“花费”“原谅”，要“冒险”：bear/stand/tolerate, spend, excuse, risk Nobody will risk losing this precious chance.没有人会冒险丢掉这次宝贵机 会。 动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动词-ving形式作宾语意义不同 remember to do sth.记住要做某事 (事情还未做) remember doing sth.记得过去做过某事 (事情已经做了) Do remember to lock the door when you leave.离开时一定要记得锁门。 He doesn’t remember saying anything about the affair.他不记得关于这件事说过什么了。 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 (事情还未做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 (事情已经做了) Don’t forget to take an umbrella with you.别忘了带把伞。 He forgot putting his paper into his school-bag.他不记得自己已经把试卷放进书包里了。 动词本身含义不同，跟不定式和动词-ving形式作宾语意义不同 regret to do sth. 对紧接着要做或不做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth. 对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔 I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.我遗憾地告诉你考试不及格。 She regretted wasting time playing games.她后悔把时间浪费在游戏上。 mean to do sth.打算，想要做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事，意思是做某事 — I am so sorry! I didn’t mean to hurther.“我很抱歉！我不是有意伤害她的。” —But talking like that means hurting her.“但是那样说话意味着伤害她。” try to do sth.努力做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 I tried to fall asleep but I failed last night. 昨晚我竭力入睡却没能成功。 You can try listening to soft music at bedtime.你可以睡前试着听听轻音乐。 can’t help(to)do sth.不能帮忙做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住做某事 I have piles of homework and can’t help to prepare for your project.我作业很多， 没法帮你为这个项目做准备。 She couldn’t help laughing at the funny story. 听到有趣的故事，她忍不住笑起来。 动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动词-ving形式作宾语意义相同 want，need，require接动词-ving形式表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动词-ving形式之间为动宾关系。 注意：sth. be worthy of being done =sth. be worthy to be done = sth. be worth doing The machine wants/needs to be repaired/needs repairing. 这台机器需要修理 Now that you’re grown up, you’d better spend your time just on the things you find worthy of being done/worthy to be done/worth doing.既然你们已经长大了，你们最好多花一点时间在你们认为值得做的事情上。 某些动词跟动词不定式和跟动词-ing形式内涵 不同 stop to do停下来，要做另一件事 stop doing停止做 We stoppedto have a short rest after a long-time walk.长途跋涉之后我们停下 来稍作休息。 They stopped talking when the teacher entered the classroom.老师走进教室，他们便停止交谈。 go on to do sth.接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事 After finishing his homework, he went on to read English articles.写完作业之 后，他接下来去阅读英语文章。 Though it was late, she went on practising her oral English.尽管天色已晚，她依旧继续练习英语口语。 it作形式主语，动词-ing形式作真正的主语 “It is + no use/no good/useless/worthwhile”句型 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 动词-ing形式用于特殊句型 “There is no + doing”句型 There is no telling what will happen next.无法预料接下来会发生什么。 三、单元写作清单 1.作文题目 (25-26高二上·湖南长沙·阶段检测)假设你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将举办“音乐之声”主题分享会，请你用英文写一篇发言稿，介绍你最喜欢的歌手或乐队(singer/band)。 内容包括：1. 该歌手或乐队的基本信息； 2. 你喜欢他/她/他们的理由； 3. 他/她/他们的音乐带给你的影响或感受。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 My Favourite ________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.写作框架 总框架 分要点 细分细节 My Favourite Singer/Band 1. Tell who your favourite singer/band is点明最喜欢的歌手 / 乐队 简单引出，发言稿开头问候听众 2. Mention your experience of getting to know him/her/them了解该歌手 / 乐队的经历 Especially when you first heard their music第一次听他们音乐的经历 3. Describe characteristics of their music音乐的特点 ① style 音乐风格 ② lyrics 歌词 ③ melody 旋律 4. Reasons for liking & influence on you喜爱理由 + 音乐带给你的影响感受 对应题目要点 2、3；结尾简单呼吁 / 总结，发言稿收尾 3.写作素材 1. 称谓相关 composer n.作曲家 musician n.音乐人 pianist n.钢琴家 singer n.歌手 a classical musician一位古典音乐家 a legendary band传奇乐队 a rock band摇滚乐队 talented musician有天赋的音乐人 2. 风格相关 creativity n.创造力 genre n.音乐流派 innovation n.创新 melodious adj.旋律优美的 compose music创作乐曲 demonstrate creativity展现创造力 compose musical masterpieces创作音乐杰作 evolution across music genres音乐流派上的演变、发展 innovation in song-writing创作方面的创新 profound lyrics内涵深刻的歌词 show one’s talent for music展现音乐天赋 3. 评价相关 brilliant adj.杰出的；优秀的 fearless adj.无所畏惧的 masterpiece n.杰作 optimism n.乐观 perseverance n.坚持不懈 positive adj.积极的 profound adj.深刻的 resilience n.坚韧 a cultural phenomenon文化现象 a strong sense of social responsibility强烈的社会责任感 a timeless musical masterpiece不朽的音乐杰作 be well known for being slow and melodious以节奏缓慢、旋律优美而闻名 4. 感悟相关 admire v.敬佩；欣赏 challenge n.&v.挑战 encourage v.鼓舞 enthusiasm n.热情 be deeply drawn to sb.深深被某人吸引 be profoundly admired深受敬佩 be devoted to public welfare投身公共事业 encourage thoughtful reflection启发深刻反思 face challenges with optimism乐观面对挑战 inspire people to pursue their dreams激励人们追逐梦想 inspire/spark one’s enthusiasm激发某人的热情 turn personal stories into songs将亲身经历写成歌曲 4. 范文背诵 My Favourite singer Dear teachers and fellow students, I’m Li Hua, and it’s a great pleasure to share my favorite singer, Taylor Swift.（并列句；and连接两个简单句；it 作形式主语，真正主语 to share…） There are three main reasons why she deeply inspires me.（why 引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasons） First of all, her songwriting is profoundly authentic; She turns personal stories into songs that resonate universally.（that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 songs）Moreover, her fearless evolution across music genres, from country to pop to folk, demonstrates remarkable courage and creativity.Most importantly, her music consistently conveys messages of self‑empowerment and resilience. Thanks to her, I’ve learned to face challenges with optimism and express my own feelings bravely.Her art truly unites us through shared emotions.Thank you. 易错点01“consist”有关的用法 1．consist of 由……组成(或构成)(consistent adj.一致的；连续的) consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of由……组成 consist in＝lie in在于；存在于 be consistent with...与……一致 用法点拨　consist of没有进行时态和被动语态 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【对点训练】 A traditional Chinese dragon, which 1.________ (consist) of many different animal parts, is an important cultural symbol. It 2.________ (make) up of the head of a camel, the horns of a deer and the scales of a fish. In ancient stories, the dragon 3.________ (compose) of these parts stands for power and good luck. A dragon group performance, 4.________ (consist) of a dozen performers, is often seen at the Spring Festival. The whole dragon dance team 5.________ (be) made up of young and energetic people. 6. Only when our words are ___________ （consist）with our actions can we make a difference to our lives.It’s time to _________ the past. 易错点02 tear相关的短语辨析 tear apart使(关系密切的人)分离，分开tear sth. apart 使四分五裂；使分崩离析；撕毁；撕碎 tear down 拆毁，拆除(建筑物、墙等)tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等)tear...from 从……撕下…… 【对点训练】 1.The war tore many families ________, leaving thousands of children homeless. 2. Angrily, she tore ________ the letter and threw the pieces into the bin. 3. He tore a page ________ his notebook and handed it to me. 4. The old city walls ________ (tear) down in the 1960s. 易错点03 形容词短语作状语 Angry and sad，Liang falls sick and dies. 译文：梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。。 总结：形容词短语作状语常用来说明句子主语的状态，可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等，一般用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。 【对点训练】 1.___________(surprise) and overjoyed，Jane held her husband tightly and told him how much she loved him. 2.They were excited and moved，so they wept and hugged each other.(读后续写之兴奋心理描写) →________________，they wept and hugged each other.(用形容词短语作状语改写) (3)冷静又自信，她走上舞台发表演讲。 ________________, she stepped onto the stage to give her speech.(形容词短语作状语) 1、 默写重点单词 1. _______________ vt. 值得，应得 2. _______________ vi. & vt. & n. 耳语，低语 3. _______________ vi. & vt. 哭泣，流泪 4. _______________ vt. 克服 5. _______________ adj. 乡村的，农村的 6. _______________ vt. 保证，担保；保修 7. _______________ vi. 流，流动 8. _______________ adj. 太阳的 9. _______________ vt. & vi. 吸引；抓住 10. _______________ adj. 复杂的，难懂的 11. _______________ vt. 陪同，陪伴；为……伴奏 12. _______________ n. 名誉，名声 13. _______________ adj. 明亮的；聪颖的，技艺高的 14. _______________ vt. 使烦恼；搅乱 15. _______________ vt. 抛弃；舍弃 16. _______________ adj. 宏大的，宏伟的 17. _______________ adj. 合适的，适宜的 18. _______________ vt. & vi. (使)融合；(使)混合 19. _______________ n. 改编本，改写本 20. _______________ adj. 不寻常的，非凡的 二、词汇运用 1.[外研选必一U3P36]He performed beyond everyone's ___________(expect) with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts. 2.[外研选必三U2P24—25]This was a ___________(remark) achievement by the Chinese team of scientists, in such a short space of time. 3. [外研选必一U1P12]Life is never smooth sailing and sometimes can be ___________ (complicate) and cruel. 4.They discussed the plan ________ and showed great ________ about it.(enthusiastic) 5.The movie ___________ her overnight from an ordinary girl into a star，which in turn brought about a ___________ in her outlook.(transform) 6.As a matter of fact，the suit isn’t ___________ for you，so buy another one.(suit) 三、重点句型 1. 她举起手，好像要说些什么。(as if) She raised her hands . 2. 她原来是我姐姐的朋友。(turn out) she was a friend of my sister. 3. 生气且绝望，梁山伯最终得病去世了。(形容词作状语) , Liang Shanbo fell sick and eventually . 4. 我看到一个男人在追一个偷他钱包的小偷。(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语) who stole his wallet. 5.这事不完全像我想的那么简单。（as...as) It wasn't quite _________________________________________________ it would be. 6.这座纪念碑是为了纪念那些为保卫国家而牺牲的士兵们而建的。(in defence of) The monument is built in memory of the soldiers who died _________________________. 四、课文语法填空 Combining Chinese and Western musical elements, Butterfly Lovers is a famous violin concerto 1. __________ (compose) by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. It takes us through the story of a young couple torn apart by 2. __________ (they) families. This beautiful piece of music 3. __________ (express) different moods. At first, the music is light and pleasant, telling Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai's first meeting. It is followed by a fast and cheerful section 4. __________ represents their three happy years of school. Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is when the lovers 5. __________ (separate). Finally, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform 6. __________ butterflies and fly away. Country music became popular in the south of America in the 1940s and then spread across the nation. It grew out of such music types as the blues and folk music, so the 7. __________ (musician) use many similar instruments. The tunes are easy 8. __________ (sing), and the lyrics often leave you deep in 9. __________ (think). The songs are not only about hardship and heartbreak, but also about hope. Country music shows the 10. __________ (peace) green fields and simple life of the countryside. 五、阅读理解 A （25-26高一下·江苏南京·期末）On paper, hydrogen (氢气) looks like a dream fuel. In practice, things are trickier. Storing meaningful quantities of hydrogen gas requires compressing (压缩) it several hundred times. Transforming it into liquid state is another option, but one that requires cooling the stuff to -253℃. Either process requires rugged tanks. Over time, hydrogen gas can pass slowly into metals, weakening them and potentially causing damage. Tanks must be built from special materials designed to avoid this breakdown. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute led by Marcus Vogt, think that supplying hydrogen as goop (糊状) offers a way around some of its limitations. They have been experimenting with a chemical compound that can be pumped into a container and then persuaded to give off its hydrogen on demand. Their invention, which they nickname “powerpaste”, looks like toothpaste. Its main ingredient is magnesium hydride, a compound that when introduced to water, reacts with it to form hydrogen and magnesium hydroxide. The escaped hydrogen can then be redirected into a fuel container, where it reacts with oxygen from the air to generate electric power. The magnesium hydroxide waste is self-emptied from the reactor. Dr Vogt’s invention offers several advantages over batteries, petrol and more traditional ways of handling hydrogen. One is the storage of energy that either batteries or petrol can manage. A second is ease of refilling, which is simply a matter of replacing an empty container of paste with a full one, and topping up the water, which is stored in a separate tank. A third advantage is that, unlike a battery, the paste does not gradually lose its stored energy if it is left on the shelf. Moreover, the paste itself is harmless, and so are the reaction’s by-products. But there are still more to work through. Magnesium hydride reacts only slowly with water. To address this, Dr Vogt and his team have found a chemical additive that greatly speeds up the reaction. They have also found a way to ensure that the reaction can be controlled to supply only as much hydrogen as is needed at any given moment. 1．Which of the following best explains “rugged” underlined in Paragraph 1? A．Small. B．Delicate. C．Tough. D．Huge. 2．What can we know about the invention according to Paragraph 3? A．Water and electricity are necessary in the process. B．Several chemical reactions occur in the same tank. C．The remaining waste needs removing with extra help. D．Magnesium hydride mixed with water and releases hydrogen. 3．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed? A．By quoting sayings. B．By drawing comparisons. C．By providing examples. D．By explaining a theory. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．“Toothpaste” in Your Tank. B．Dream Fuel: Hydrogen Gas. C．New Clean Efficient Energy. D．Advantages of Hydrogen Goop. B （24-25高三上· 浙江杭州·开学考试）The launch of a tool to record a vanishing Greek dialect drew attention back this week to one of the great extinctions of the modern world: nine languages are believed to be disappearing every year. Romeyka, which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For linguists, it is a“ living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow. But some languages are in even bigger trouble, with 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in distinct colours, with a language stripes chart, devised to illustrate the accelerating decline in each decade between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them. The history of languages has always been linked to colonialism (殖民主义) and political persecution (迫害), which scatter populations as well as controlling them. The Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA) has tracked down and mapped hundreds of dying languages in New York, which is an unexpected discovery. These dialects are supposed to be found in remote rural areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York. From Sami reindeer herders across the Arctic to Australia’s Indigenous (土著的) peoples, the ways in which people express themselves hide secret messages about ancient ways of living in nature. Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive. By simply honouring their existence, linguists play an important role. Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for preserving endangered languages famously argued that losing any language was “like dropping a bomb on the Louvre”. 5．What does “Romeyka” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．An extinct ancient Greek language. B．A language with very few written words. C．A disappearing dialect related to ancient Greek. D．A popular dialect loved by the young generation. 6．Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2? A．To show the importance of the dialects. B．To conclude the diversity of the dialects. C．To explain different ways to protect dialects. D．To illustrate the tendency of fast dying dialects. 7．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Seke is a place in the mountains of Nepal. B．People assume fewer dialects exist in big cities. C．Nepal and New York were twin cities many years ago. D．ELA is not surprised to trace an original Nepal dialect to Brooklyn. 8．What does Ken Hale’s quote mean? A．The extinction of a dialect is a great loss. B．Bombing Louver is a disaster to any language. C．Ancient ways of living are kept secret in Louvre. D．Languages are to survive simply by honoring them. 六、语法填空 （25-26高一下·江苏常州·期末）When we think of great scientists, names like Einstein or Newton often come to mind. However, history is filled with brilliant women 1 discoveries have shaped our world — yet their stories are less known. One 2 (shine) example is Marie Curie, a Polish-born physicist and chemist. She was the first woman and the only person 3 (win) a Nobel Prize in two 4 (science) fields: Physics and Chemistry. Her pioneering research on radioactivity not only introduced a new term into science but also led to cancer treatments that save millions of lives today. 5 facing harsh criticism because of her gender, she remained dedicated to her work. Another remarkable figure is Tu Youyou, a Chinese pharmaceutical chemist. 6 (refer) to the ancient Chinese medical books, she designed the experiments and discovered artemisinin, a drug that has dramatically reduced death rates from malaria, one of the 7 (dead) diseases in human history. She and her team managed to find solutions 8 various problems with limited research resources. For this achievement, she 9 (award) the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. These women overcame social barriers, lack of funding, and skepticism. They proved that science has no gender 10 only curiosity, persistence, and courage. Their stories encourage all students, especially young girls, to pursue careers in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics). $