Unit1核心知识背诵知识清单2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了人教版九年级上册Unit 1 "The Changing World"单元内容，涵盖世界与家乡变化主题的核心词汇、短语、句型及语法（used to + 现在完成时），搭建从词汇背记到语法应用的四关递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类闯关与关联对比构建知识体系，如"take place与happen"易混短语辨析表标注高频考点，用"三种'去'口诀"助记语法难点，培养语言能力与思维品质。设"易错警示表"和"闯关自查表"，学生可自查纠错，教师能精准辅导，提升学习效率与自主学习能力。

人教版（2026）九年级英语上册 · 新教材 Unit 1 The Changing World 核心知识背诵清单 世界变迁 · 四关背记闯关手册 【使用说明】本清单把 Unit 1 拆成四关：第一关词汇 → 第二关短语 → 第三关句型 → 第四关语法（used to + 现在完成时）。每关背完在 ☐ 里打钩，最后过一遍“易错警示”。早读读两遍、睡前默一遍、考前只翻易错表，三遍下来基本过关。 ◎ 单元名片 本单元话题 世界与家乡的变化 The Changing World 交际功能 描述过去与现在的对比、谈论变化、询问变化的原因与结果 核心语法 现在完成时（have / has + 过去分词）+ used to do sth. 高频考点 have been to / gone to / been in 辨析、瞬间动词转换、take place / happen、词形转换 课文语篇 李睿家乡变化（交通·上学·看病·购物）、蒙内铁路《On the Fast Track》、塞罕坝植树治沙 第一关 词汇背记（先读准音标，再拼字母，最后记搭配） ◎ Section A 核心词汇 ☐ 单词 音标 词性 释义与搭配 ☐ change /tʃeɪndʒ/ v.&n. 改变；变化；change a lot 变化很大 ☐ past /pɑːst/ n. 过去；in the past 在过去 ☐ present /ˈpreznt/ n. 现在；目前；at present 现在 ☐ development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展；with the development of 随着……的发展 ☐ improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ v. 改善；提升；improve living conditions 改善生活条件 ☐ develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 发展；develop the economy 发展经济 ☐ environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境；environmental protection 环境保护 ☐ technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 科技；技术；modern technology 现代科技 ☐ progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 进步（不可数）；make progress 取得进步 ☐ communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 交流；通讯；online communication 在线交流 ☐ transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/ n. 交通；运输；public transport 公共交通 ☐ society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会；in modern society 在现代社会 ☐ condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 条件；状况；living conditions 生活条件 ☐ convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的；It is convenient to do sth. ☐ rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的；rapid development 飞速发展 ☐ modern /ˈmɒdn/ adj. 现代的；modern life 现代生活 ☐ local /ˈləʊkl/ adj. 当地的；本地的；local people 当地人 ☐ village /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ n. 村庄；villager 村民 ☐ government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n. 政府；with the government's help 在政府帮助下 ☐ result /rɪˈzʌlt/ n. 结果；as a result 结果；因此 ☐ increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ v. 增加；增长；population increases 人口增长 ☐ communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ v. 交流；communicate with sb. 与某人交流 ☐ wide /waɪd/ adj. 宽阔的；widely 广泛地 ☐ narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的；（反义词 wide） ◎ Section B 核心词汇 ☐ 单词 音标 词性 释义与搭配 ☐ decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年；over the past decades 在过去几十年里 ☐ capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 首都；资本 ☐ bridge /brɪdʒ/ n. 桥；build a bridge 架桥 ☐ corn /kɔːn/ n. 玉米；谷物（不可数） ☐ soil /sɔɪl/ n. 泥土；土壤（不可数） ☐ bush /bʊʃ/ n. 灌木丛；复数 bushes ☐ sandstorm /ˈsændstɔːm/ n. 沙尘暴；sand 沙子 + storm 风暴 ☐ farmland /ˈfɑːmlænd/ n. 农田；耕地；farm 农场 + land 土地 ☐ highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n. 高速公路；high 高 + way 路 ☐ railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路；rail 铁轨 + way 路 ☐ greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n. 温室；green 绿 + house 房子 ☐ businessman /ˈbɪznəsmæn/ n. 商人；复数 businessmen ☐ port /pɔːt/ n. 港口；a fishing port 渔港 ☐ vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ n. 交通工具；车辆 ☐ conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 结论；总结；come to a conclusion 得出结论 ☐ plant /plɑːnt/ v.&n. 种植；植物；plant trees 植树 ☐ build /bɪld/ v. 建造；过去式/过去分词 built ☐ open /ˈəʊpən/ v.&adj. 开放；开着的；The railway was opened in 2017. ☐ connect /kəˈnekt/ v. 连接；connect A with B 把 A 和 B 连接起来 ☐ benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v.&n. 受益；益处；benefit from 从……中获益 ☐ cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 合作；cooperate with each other 相互合作 ☐ sandy /ˈsændi/ adj. 沙地的；含沙的；sand 沙子 → sandy ☐ economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济的；economy 经济 → economic ☐ unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl/ adj. 难以置信的；un- 否定前缀 + believable ◎ 词形转换（考试高频变形） 原词 词性 转换后 词性 含义 develop v. 发展 development n. 发展 improve v. 改善 improvement n. 改善；提升 communicate v. 交流 communication n. 交流；通讯 rapid adj. 迅速的 rapidly adv. 迅速地 convenient adj. 方便的 convenience n. 便利 change v.&n. 改变 changeable adj. 多变的 environment n. 环境 environmental adj. 环境的 wide adj. 宽阔的 widely adv. 广泛地 economy n. 经济 economic adj. 经济的 benefit v.&n. 受益 beneficial adj. 有益的 cooperate v. 合作 cooperation n. 合作 connect v. 连接 connection n. 连接；联系 sand n. 沙子 sandy adj. 沙地的；含沙的 village n. 村庄 villager n. 村民 business n. 生意 businessman n. 商人 visit v. 参观 visitor n. 参观者；游客 拓展识记（认识、会写即可）：cut 削减（cut-cut-cut）· take place 发生（无被动）· shortage 短缺 · lack 缺乏 · rough 崎岖的 · high-tech 高科技的 · dirt tracks 泥土小路 · tourist attraction 旅游景点 · digital products 数字产品 · all over China 全中国 · for ages 很久；多年 · hundreds of 成百上千 · work together 携手合作 · make business deals 做生意 · cross over mountains and rivers 跨山越河 · socialist village 社会主义新农村 第二关 短语背记（短语是句子的半成品，先背熟再用） 短语 释义与用法 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了）；I used to live in a small village. take place 发生（有计划、有安排）；Great changes have taken place. bring about 带来；引起；bring about great changes 带来巨大变化 in the past 在过去；In the past, life was hard. 过去生活艰苦。 at present / nowadays 现在；如今；At present, life is comfortable. over the years 这些年来；Many changes have taken place over the years. with the development of 随着……的发展；With the development of technology, life improved. make progress 取得进步；We have made great progress in science. living conditions 生活条件；Living conditions have greatly improved. be different from 与……不同；Things are very different from the past. all kinds of 各种各样的；all kinds of fruits 各种各样的水果 thanks to 多亏；由于（后接名词/代词）；Thanks to the government. more and more 越来越……；more and more beautiful 越来越美 be covered with 被……覆盖；The hills are covered with green trees. keep pace with 跟上……的步伐；keep pace with the times 与时俱进 benefit from 从……中获益；We benefit a lot from the new railway. cut the travel time to 将出行时间缩短至；It cuts the travel time to 4 hours. hundreds of 成百上千的；hundreds of cars 数百辆车 work together 携手合作；work together to build a better world as a result 结果；因此；As a result, the town became rich. over the past decades 在过去几十年里；大变化发生在 over the past decades far away from 远离；far away from the city 远离城市 for ages 很久；多年；haven't seen each other for ages 多年未见 tourist attraction 旅游景点；become a tourist attraction 成为旅游景点 high-tech greenhouses 高科技温室大棚；种蔬果用 high-tech greenhouses cross over mountains and rivers 跨山越河；铁路 cross over mountains and rivers dirt tracks 泥土小路；过去上学走 dirt tracks all over China 全中国；connect every corner of the country 连通国家各个角落 ◎ 易混短语辨析（考试最爱考） 辨析组 区别与例句 take place 与 happen 都有“发生”且均无被动；take place 指有计划有安排（Great changes have taken place.）；happen 指偶然意外（What happened to you?） used to do 与 be used to doing / be used to do used to do 过去常常（现在不做了）；be used to doing 习惯于做某事；be used to do 被用来做某事（被动） thanks to 与 because of 都表“由于”，后接名词/代词；thanks to 含感谢、庆幸语气（Thanks to your help, I passed.）；because of 客观陈述原因 in the past 与 in the past few years in the past 在过去（常配一般过去时）；in the past few years 近几年来（常配现在完成时） be covered with 与 be covered by with 强调覆盖物（The ground is covered with snow.）；by 强调施动者（The field was covered by the flood.） hundreds of 与 two hundred 概数“成百上千”用 hundreds of（加 s 加 of）；具体数字 two hundred 不加 s 不加 of 第三关 句型背记（过去与现在对比，先会说再会写） ◎ 核心句型（背过就能描述家乡变化） 功能 句型（中英对照） 描述巨大变化 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 描述生活变化 Our life has changed a lot in the past few years. 在过去几年里，我们的生活变化很大。 过去与现在对比 People used to live in small old houses, but now they live in new buildings. 人们过去住在又小又旧的房子里，现在住进了新楼房。 交通变化 There used to be dirt tracks, but now highways connect every corner of the country. 过去是泥土小路，如今公路连通了国家各个角落。 变化的原因 With the development of technology, life becomes much more convenient. 随着科技的发展，生活变得方便得多。 生活条件改善 People's living conditions have improved greatly. 人们的生活条件已经极大改善。 表达感谢 Thanks to the government, our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 多亏了政府，我的家乡正变得越来越美。 表达惊叹 It is unbelievable how fast the world is changing. 世界变化的速度令人难以置信。 询问变化 How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years? 过去 20 年里，你的家乡生活发生了怎样的变化？ 询问原因 What brings about these great changes? 是什么带来了这些巨大的变化？ ◎ 金句背诵（作文和默写都能用上） 英文金句 中文释义 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 People used to live a hard life, but now they live a rich and comfortable life. 人们过去生活艰苦，如今富足安逸。 Although two countries are far away, they can work together to build a better world. 虽然两国相隔遥远，但可以携手共建美好世界。 This is the result of hard work and teamwork. 这是辛勤付出与团结协作的成果。 They haven't seen each other for ages. 他们已经很多年没见面了。 The development of science brings about great changes to people's lives. 科技的发展给人们的生活带来巨大改变。 We benefit a lot from the new roads and high-speed railways. 我们从新建的公路和高铁中获益良多。 Many things around me have changed a lot, but family love stays the same. 我身边很多事物都变了，但家人的爱始终不变。 注意：写“变化”话题时，过去的情况用 used to + 动词原形（或 was / were），现在的情况用现在完成时 have / has + 过去分词，别忘了 already / yet / for / since 等标志词。 第四关 语法过关（两大核心语法 + 重点句式） ◎ 语法一：used to do sth.（第一核心语法） 含义：表示“过去常常做某事，而现在不再做了”，强调过去与现在的对比。结构：主语 + used to + 动词原形。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 I used to get up late. 我过去常睡懒觉。 否定句 主语 + didn't use to + 动词原形 He didn't use to like maths. 他过去不喜欢数学。 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ Did you use to play the piano? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ Where did you use to live? There used to be 过去曾有（存在） There used to be sandstorms all the time. 过去沙尘暴频发。 三连辨析（考试最爱考）：used to do 过去常常做（现在不做了）；be used to doing 习惯于做某事（to 是介词）；be used to do 被用来做某事（被动语态）。口诀：used to 后跟原形表过去，如今不做记心上；be used to 后跟 doing，习惯早已成日常；再跟原形是被动，被用来做别搞混。 ◎ 语法二：现在完成时（第二核心语法，单元重难点） 构成：主语 + have / has + 过去分词。它是连接过去与现在的桥梁，核心含义：“已经……了”“……过”“……多久了”。 两大用法 强调重点 标志词 例句 用法一：已完成 过去动作对现在的影响、结果或经历 already（肯定）、just（肯定）、yet（否定/疑问）、ever（疑问）、never、before I have already finished my work. / Have you ever been to Shanghai? 用法二：未完成 从过去持续到现在，还可能继续 for + 时间段、since + 时间点/从句、so far、in the past few years I have lived here for ten years. / She has worked here since 2018. 时态对比（必考）：现在完成时看“现在的结果/经历”，时间状语用 already / yet / ever / never / just / for / since；一般过去时只讲过去发生的事，时间状语用 yesterday / last week / ...ago / in 1990。I have seen the film.（看过，现在知道内容）；I saw the film last week.（只陈述上周的事） 三种“去”（必考） 含义 是否已返回 例句 have / has been to 去过某地（已回） 已返回 I have been to Japan. 我去过日本。 have / has gone to 去了某地（未回） 未返回 He has gone to Japan. 他去日本了。 have / has been in 在某地待了多久 仍在那里 She has been in Japan for a month. 口诀：been to 去过已回来，gone to 去了还未还，been in 待了有多久，三种“去”要分清。 ◎ 瞬间动词与延续性动词转换（难点） 瞬间动词不能直接与 for / since 连用，需换成延续性动词或状态： 瞬间动词 延续性表达 瞬间动词 延续性表达 buy 买 have 拥有 arrive / come 到达 be here / there die 死 be dead 死亡状态 begin / start 开始 be on 进行中 leave 离开 be away (from) open 打开 be open 开着 join 加入 be in / be a member of close 关闭 be closed 关着 borrow 借 keep 保留 get up 起床 be up 起床状态 例句：My grandfather has been dead for five years.（不能说 has died for five years）She has kept the book for two weeks.（不能说 has borrowed...for） 本单元高频不规则动词（背熟过去式与过去分词）： 原形 过去式 过去分词 原形 过去式 过去分词 make made made take took taken see saw seen come came come go went gone have had had know knew known grow grew grown become became become build built built cut cut cut bring brought brought buy bought bought leave left left read read read write wrote written feel felt felt find found found 口诀：过去分词莫乱造，规则动词加 -ed；不规则动词单独记，have / has 后面用分词。did 一出现动词回原形，have / has 一出现动词用分词。 语法三（课文补充）· 被动语态：课文里出现 was / were + 过去分词：The railway was opened in 2017. 这条铁路 2017 年通车。 ◎ 重点句式（常考句型逐个过） 句式 用法要点 例句 There used to be 过去曾有……（现在可能没有了） There used to be a small shop here. with the development of 随着……的发展（介词短语作状语） With the development of science, life improved. It is + adj. + how 从句 ……令人难以置信/震惊 It is unbelievable how fast the world is changing. more and more + 形容词 越来越……（比较级叠用） The city is becoming more and more beautiful. take place / happen 无被动 两类“发生”都不用于被动语态 Great changes have taken place. / What happened to you? bring about 带来；引起（及物短语，后接名词） The new railway has brought about great changes. What brings about...? 是什么带来了……？ What brings about these great changes? as a result 结果；因此（连接结果） As a result, the small town became rich. ◎ 易错警示（错误写法对照表，考前必看） 错误表达 正确表达 点拨 I have went to Beijing twice. I have been to Beijing twice. went 是过去式；完成时用过去分词，去过已回用 been to He has came back. He has come back. 现在完成时用过去分词 come（come-came-come） I have lived here since two years. I have lived here for two years. since + 时间点，for + 时间段 Did you used to play the piano? Did you use to play the piano? did 后面动词回原形，used 变 use My father is used to get up early. My father is used to getting up early. be used to doing 表示“习惯于做” Great changes have been taken place. Great changes have taken place. take place 无被动语态 He has gone to Japan twice. He has been to Japan twice. 去了又回用 been to；gone to 表示未回 My grandpa has died for five years. My grandpa has been dead for five years. die 是瞬间动词，与 for 连用要转 be dead She has borrowed the book for two weeks. She has kept the book for two weeks. borrow 是瞬间动词，持续状态用 keep I have already finished my homework yet. I have already finished my homework. / I haven't finished it yet. already 用于肯定句，yet 用于否定句和疑问句 The old man has joined the army for ten years. The old man has been in the army for ten years. join 是瞬间动词，持续状态用 be in With the develop of science, life improved. With the development of science, life improved. 介词 with 后接名词 development 考点提示：现在完成时是初中阶段最后一个重点时态，也是中考最常考的时态之一；标志词、三种“去”（been to / gone to / been in）、瞬间动词与延续性动词转换几乎年年考。写“家乡变化”话题作文时，过去对比用 used to + 原形，现状成果用现在完成时，再套用金句里的万能句型即可。 附录一 · 闯关自查表（背完打钩，三遍全勾算过关） 姓名：____________ 班级：____________ 日期：____________ 过关项 第一遍（读背） 第二遍（默写） 第三遍（易错） 单元名片（话题与功能） ☐ ☐ ☐ 词汇（Section A / B 全表） ☐ ☐ ☐ 短语（含易混辨析） ☐ ☐ ☐ 句型（对比句型 + 金句） ☐ ☐ ☐ 语法（used to + 现在完成时） ☐ ☐ ☐ 易错警示（能挑错改正） ☐ ☐ ☐ 过关标准：第一遍早读跟着读背，把不会的圈出来；第二遍合上书默写（单词、短语、金句中英文）；第三遍只过“易错警示”，能把错误写法改对就算过关。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $