Unit 4 A World of Words人与社会：语言文化交流（单元阅读精练）英语新教材仁爱版九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“语言文化交流”为主题，融合语言能力训练与跨文化理解，通过“输入-内化-输出”三阶设计构建系统性训练体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇说明文|长难句结构拆解、注意力管控策略|从语言学习机制（语音/词序）到跨文化观察（毛利问候礼）| |真题示例|2篇（选词填空/任务型阅读）|汉字文化语境记忆、非语言沟通要素提取|文化符号（汉字）与沟通维度（语调/肢体语言）的关联| |模拟演练|5篇（阅读/填空/完形）|礼貌表达句式归纳、表情符号语用分析|语言应用（提问技巧）到文化反思（符号误解规避）| |句型积累|15个分层句型|基础-进阶-过渡句功能分类|从词汇积累到篇章组织的写作能力进阶|

Unit 4 A World of Words人与社会：语言文化交流 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 335 讲述了学习另一门语言如何改变学习者的注意力，介绍了语言学习能够锻炼注意力管控能力、提升对不确定性的接纳程度。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 287 介绍了Yao在新西兰体验毛利问候礼hongi，从中意识到不能机械照搬网络上的礼仪动作 真题示例 Passage1 选词填空 说明文 191 介绍了汉字的历史起源、仓颉造字的传说、汉字在当代的传播与影响 Passage 2 任务型阅读 说明文 259 讲述了面对面交流不仅仅是语言，还包括语调、肢体语言和倾听方式。 模拟演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 289 绍了在英语中让提问听起来更有礼貌的四种实用表达方式，并搭配具体例句进行讲解。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 232 介绍了模仿在语言学习中的重要作用。 Passage 3 阅读理解 记叙文 188 讲述了作者学习手语的经历，包括学习原因、方法、过程以及从中获得的感悟。 Passage 4 短文填空 说明文 198 介绍了中国成语“纨绔子弟”的来源，解释了“纨”和“绔”各自的意思 Passage 5 完形填空 说明文 237 探讨表情符号在交流中的流行原因、优点（定调、表达情感、增添活力）与缺点（可能引起误解），并提出使用建议。 · 1. The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. – Lao Tzu 千里之行，始于足下。—— 老子 ✨适用：语言学习没有捷径，积累单词、练习语言要从点滴做起。 · 2. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 ✨适用：记单词、听说训练需要反复练习，才能掌握一门语言。 · 3.A good book is a good friend.好书如挚友。 ✨适用：阅读英文读物，在语境中积累词汇，了解异域文化。 · 4. Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous. —Confucius 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。—— 孔子 ✨适用：学习词汇不能死记硬背，要思考词义、语境，学会灵活运用。 · 5. Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一天建成的。 ✨适用：语言能力、词汇量的提升是长期过程，贵在坚持。 · 6. One language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way. —Frank Smith一种语言开启人生一条通道；两种语言为你沿途打开所有大门。—— 弗兰克・史密斯 ✨单元主题金句！语言拓宽视野，语言是文化交流的桥梁。 · 7.Words are the voice of the heart.言为心声。 ✨适用：词汇是表达思想的工具，理解词语才能读懂他人想法。 · 8. He who knows others is wise; he who knows himself is great. —Lao Tzu 知人者智，自知者明。—— 老子 ✨适用：跨文化交流，学会观察、尊重不同文化下的表达习惯。 Passage A Why Learning Another Language Changes Attention Learning another language does not give a person a completely different brain, but it can change what the learner notices. A language directs attention to sounds, word order and social details that may have been easy to ignore before. This change is not limited to the classroom; learners may notice the same details while watching a film or listening to travelers at a station. For example, a learner may begin to hear the difference between two sounds that once seemed the same. Another language may require speakers to choose different words according to how well they know someone. To communicate, the learner must pay attention not only to meaning but also to relationship and situation. In this way, a grammar choice can become a small lesson in seeing a conversation from another person’s position. This constant practice can strengthen what researchers call “attention control”—the ability to focus on useful information and ignore a distraction. The effect is not magic and does not appear after memorizing a few word lists. It grows through regular listening, speaking and switching between languages. Researchers are careful not to claim that bilingual people are automatically better at every mental task; age, practice and the type of task all matter. Language learning also increases tolerance for uncertainty. During a real conversation, learners rarely understand every word. They use context, tone and known word parts to build a reasonable meaning. With experience, an unknown expression becomes a problem to explore rather than a reason to stop. A learner may ask for an example, check an idea from the next sentence and revise an early guess. Such flexible thinking is often more valuable than pretending to understand everything. These benefits do not mean everyone must become perfectly fluent. Even a modest level can open access to people, stories and ideas. The key is active use: noticing, trying, receiving feedback and trying again. Language study changes attention most when learners use the language to solve real communication problems. 1．What may a grammar choice teach a learner to notice? A．Only the length of a sentence. B．Another person’s relationship and situation. C．The price of a language course. D．Whether a film has subtitles. 2．Why does the writer mention the researchers’ careful claim? A．To argue that every mental task is the same. B．To prove age never affects learning. C．To show that the effects should not be exaggerated. D．To advise learners to avoid switching languages. 3．What does the underlined word “tolerance” probably mean here? A．A decision to accept an incorrect translation. B．A rule that prevents people from asking questions. C．A talent for remembering every unknown expression. D．An ability to remain comfortable with something imperfect. 4．Which action shows flexible thinking in Paragraph 4? A．Using later information to revise a guess. B．Keeping an early guess without checking it. C．Stopping at the first unknown word. D．Pretending that every detail is clear. 5．What is the writer’s main purpose? A．To promise perfect fluency quickly. B．To explain how active language use can shape attention and thinking habits. C．To compare the grammar of six languages. D．To prove bilingual learners are better at every task. 长难句解析 1.原句：A language directs attention to sounds, word order and social details that may have been easy to ignore before.语言会引导人们关注语音、词序以及一些社交细节，而这些细节在过去很容易被忽略。 ✅句子结构拆解： 主句：A language directs attention to sounds, word order and social details 主语：A language；谓语：directs；宾语：attention； `that may have been easy to ignore before` 是定语从句，先行词是 `social details`（也包含前面并列的 sounds, word order），that 在从句中作主语。 2.原句：To communicate, the learner must pay attention not only to meaning but also to relationship and situation.为了完成交流，学习者不仅要关注语义，还要留意人际关系与场景。 ✅句子结构拆解： `To communicate`：动词不定式作目的状语（为了交流） 主句：the learner must pay attention 固定搭配：not only … but also …** 不但…… 而且……，连接两个介词短语 `to meaning` 和 `to relationship and situation` 3.原句：This constant practice can strengthen what researchers call “attention control”—the ability to focus on useful information and ignore a distraction.这种持续的练习能够增强研究者所说的 “注意力控制能力”—— 即聚焦有用信息、忽略干扰的能力。 ✅句子结构拆解： 主句：This constant practice can strengthen `what researchers call “attention control”` 是宾语从句，what 在从句中作 call 的宾语； 破折号后面：`the ability to focus on useful information and ignore a distraction` 是同位语，用来解释说明 attention control； `to focus on… and ignore…` 不定式作后置定语，修饰 ability。 译文 学习另一门语言为何会改变注意力 学习另一门语言并不会让人拥有一个完全不一样的大脑，但它能够改变学习者所留意到的事物。语言会引导人们关注语音、词序以及一些社交细节，而这些细节在过去很容易被忽略。这种改变并不局限于课堂；学习者在看电影或是在车站听旅客交谈时，也可能留意到这类细节。 例如，学习者或许能够听出两个曾经听起来一模一样的语音之间的差别。另一门语言可能要求说话人根据自己与对方的熟悉程度选用不同的词汇。为了完成交流，学习者不仅要关注语义，还要留意人际关系与场景。这样一来，语法上的选择就变成了一堂小小的课程，教会人站在对方的角度看待对话。 这种持续的练习能够增强研究者所说的**注意力控制能力**—— 即聚焦有用信息、忽略干扰的能力。这种效果并非魔法，背几张单词表是无法实现的。它是在反复听、说以及语言切换的过程中慢慢形成的。研究者谨慎地表示，双语者并不是在所有脑力任务上都自然而然更优秀；年龄、练习量以及任务类型都会产生影响。 语言学习还能提升对不确定性的包容度。在真实对话中，学习者很少能听懂每一个单词。他们会借助上下文、语气以及已知的单词部件，推断出合理的含义。随着经验积累，陌生表达会变成一个可以探究的问题，而不是停止交流的理由。学习者可以要求对方举例，根据下一句话验证自己的猜想，并修正先前的推断。这种灵活的思维，往往比假装全部听懂更有价值。 这些益处并不意味着每个人都必须达到流利精通的水平。哪怕只是中等水平，也能帮你接触不同的人、故事与思想。关键在于主动运用：留心观察、大胆尝试、接收反馈、反复练习。当学习者使用语言去解决真实的交流问题时，语言学习对注意力的改变效果最为显著。 Passage B The Greeting That Changed On her first morning at a school in New Zealand, Yao saw her host sister Maia press her nose and forehead gently against an older woman’s face. Yao looked away because she felt she might be watching a private moment. Later, Maia explained that the greeting was a hongi used on special occasions in Māori culture. Yao wanted to show respect, so she searched for instructions online. The next day she moved forward too quickly when she met Maia’s aunt. Both of them laughed, and the aunt kindly showed her how to pause and follow the other person’s movement. Yao discovered that a video could show the shape of a greeting, but not decide whether a particular person wished to use it. The experience made Yao think about greetings at home. She had often told foreign visitors, “Just shake hands in China.” Now she realized that greetings depended on age, relationship, place and personal choice. Some friends waved; some older relatives nodded; close family members might hug after a long separation. For a class project, Yao and Maia interviewed ten families. They did not create a chart saying one country used one greeting. Instead, they wrote questions people could ask themselves: Is this a formal event? Does the other person seem comfortable? Can I wait and follow their lead? Their teacher placed these questions before the examples because good cultural communication begins with attention, not with a fixed national rule. Yao learned useful cultural facts, but her biggest lesson was not a list of movements. It was the habit of watching, asking and adjusting with respect. Facts gave her a useful starting point, while the other person’s response guided what she did next. 1．Why did Yao look away at first? A．She felt the greeting might be private. B．She disliked the older woman. C．She was asked to leave. D．She did not see the greeting. 2．What limitation of the online video did Yao discover? A．It gave the history but not the movement. B．It could not show whether a person wanted that greeting. C．It was recorded in the wrong country. D．It only explained Chinese greetings. 3．What does “these questions” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Instructions for producing a country chart. B．Questions asked by ten families about school. C．Questions about situation, comfort and following another’s lead. D．Examples of greetings used only in China. 4．Why did the students write questions instead of a country chart? A．They had no interview results. B．They studied only one family. C．They could not draw a chart. D．They wanted to avoid oversimplifying culture. 5．Which title best expresses Yao’s final understanding? A．Let Respect Guide Cultural Knowledge B．Learn a Rule for Every Country C．Copy the Movement Exactly D．Avoid Unfamiliar Greetings 译文 改变认知的问候礼 在新西兰一所学校的第一个清晨，姚看到寄宿家庭的姐姐迈娅将自己的鼻子和额头轻轻贴在一位年长女士的脸上。姚移开了目光，因为她觉得自己或许撞见了一段私密的时刻。后来，迈娅向她解释，这种问候方式叫**碰鼻礼（hongi）**，是毛利文化中在特殊场合使用的礼仪。 姚想要表达尊重，于是她上网查找相关介绍。第二天，当她见到迈娅的姑姑时，上前的动作太急促了。两人都笑了起来，姑姑耐心地教她如何停顿，跟随对方的动作。姚发现，视频只能展示问候礼的形式，却无法判断对方是否愿意接受这个礼仪。 这段经历让姚开始思考国内的问候方式。她以前常常对外国访客说：“在中国，握手就可以。” 现在她意识到，问候方式取决于年龄、人际关系、场合以及个人选择。有些朋友挥手致意；一些年长的亲戚点头问好；久别重逢的至亲可能会拥抱。 为完成一项课堂课题，姚和迈娅采访了十个家庭。她们没有制作一张表格，简单认定一个国家只用一种问候方式。取而代之，她们写下一些人们可以自问的问题：这是正式场合吗？对方看起来自在吗？我能否稍作等待，跟着对方的做法来？老师把这些问题放在礼仪示例之前，因为良好的跨文化交流始于用心观察，而非死板的国家规则。 姚学到了很多实用的文化知识，但她最大的收获并不是一套套礼仪动作。而是学会怀着尊重去观察、询问并灵活调整。文化知识只是一个有用的起点，对方的反应才指引她下一步该怎么做。 ✅ 基础句（保底得分，适合开头、简单陈述） 1. English is widely used all over the world.英语在全世界被广泛使用。 2. More and more people learn English as a second language.越来越多人把英语当作第二语言来学习。 3. Words are the building blocks of a language.单词是一门语言的基石。 4. It is important to remember new words when we learn English.学习英语时，记生词很重要。 5. Reading helps us increase our vocabulary.阅读帮助我们扩大词汇量。 6. We can learn a lot about different cultures through language.我们可以通过语言了解很多不同的文化。 7. Many books and websites are in English.许多书籍和网站都是英文的。 ✨ 进阶加分句（提升作文档次，优先背诵） 1. The more words you know, the better you can understand English. 你认识的单词越多，理解英语的能力就越强。 2. Learning vocabulary is not only memorizing spellings but also using words in sentences. 学习词汇不只是记拼写，还要在句子中运用单词。 3. English serves as a bridge connecting people from different countries. 英语充当一座桥梁，连接来自不同国家的人们。 4. It’s a good way to learn new words by reading English articles and watching English videos. 阅读英文文章、看英文视频是学习生词的好方法。 5. If you want to master a language, you should keep using it every day. 如果你想掌握一门语言，就应该坚持每天使用它。 6. Some words have different meanings in different situations. 有些单词在不同语境下有不同含义。 7. We can guess the meaning of new words from the context instead of looking them up at once. 我们可以从上下文猜测生词含义，而不是立刻查词典。 8. A large vocabulary makes it easier for us to communicate with foreigners. 丰富的词汇量让我们和外国人交流更轻松。 📌 过渡 & 结尾句（衔接段落、收尾升华） 1. Here is some advice on how to learn English words well.这里有一些学好英语单词的建议。 2. In my opinion, interest plays an important role in language learning. 在我看来，兴趣在语言学习中发挥重要作用。 3. As long as we keep practicing, we will make great progress.只要坚持练习，我们就会取得巨大进步。 4. Language learning is a long journey and we should never give up.语言学习是一段漫长的旅程，我们永不放弃。 5. Learning words takes time and patience. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. 记单词需要时间和耐心，不要害怕犯错。 Passage1 （2026·宁夏银川·中考真题）请阅读下面语篇，从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使语篇通顺、意思完整。每空限填一个词或短语，每个词或短语限填一次。 picture, see, different, in order to, and, slow, great, add, thousands of, they Do you know about Chinese characters (汉字)? They are one of the 1 treasures of Chinese culture. They have a history of 2 years. There is a beautiful legend (传说) about Chinese characters. It is said that Cangjie first invented 3 . He got ideas from animal footprints. He watched everything in nature carefully. Then he drew simple symbols 4 gave each of them a special meaning. These simple symbols 5 developed into modern Chinese characters. 6 honor Cangjie, the UN made April 20 Chinese Language Day. During the 2025 Chinese Language Day, the National Museum of Chinese Writing hosted a show in New York City. Nearly 100 special characters were on show. With nice 7 and AR technology, the show recreated everyday life of ancient Chinese people. It let the world 8 the beauty of Chinese characters and the culture behind them. Today, 90 countries have 9 Chinese to their national education systems (体系). More and more foreigners begin to learn Chinese characters. Chinese characters make people from 10 countries get closer. They serve as a bridge connecting culture and friendship. Passage2 任务型阅读 （2026·贵州贵阳·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据其内容填空和回答问题。63至66题每题答案不超过3个单词，67题须用完整句子回答。 No man is an island. — John Donne (British poet) Human beings are social—we like being with other people and communicating. And one effective way of communicating is speaking face to face. Intonation (语调) is one of the reasons why face-to-face communication is powerful, because it helps to express more meanings. For example, yesterday you invited your friend to go shopping at the weekend, and he texted that he’d like to. Now, when you read these words on your phone, you may think he has meant “yes”. However, without hearing his intonation, it can be very difficult to know: Did he reply with real interest, or was he just being polite? Body language makes a big difference, too. Most communication experts agree that it has the biggest influence on how we receive messages. For example, if your friend rolls eyes (翻白眼) when he says he’d like to go shopping, you can be sure this is actually the last thing he wants to do! How we listen also plays a key role in face-to-face communication. When people speak to us, do we give them full attention, or do we think about how to reply? Do we show our interest in what they’re saying by nodding our head or looking at their eyes to encourage them to continue? Communication isn’t just about words. Even if you don’t speak a foreign language well, you’ll still be able to have a basic conversation with the right body language and intonation and show that you are listening! 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． Passage 1 ①When you ask someone a question in English, it could come across as a little rude if you say something too directly. Luckily, there are a lot of different expressions that help you sound more polite. Here are some examples of the polite expressions. ②Start with “excuse me” or “pardon me” to get a person’s attention. If you’ re coming over to a stranger and want to ask him or her a question, try one of these expressions to start your conversation and show your politeness (礼貌). For example, you can ask, “Excuse me, where is the nearest bus stop?” or “Pardon me, is there a bathroom over here?” ③Begin a question with “may” if you need to ask for permission (允许). Starting a question with “may” is a great idea for making your request sound more polite. Rather than saying directly what you need or want to do, ask the other person if it’s okay for you to do it. For example, you can say, “May I use your phone for a minute?” ④Use “can”, “could” or “would” when you make a request. Leading right away with a question word such as “where” or “how” might make your question sound rude. For example, instead of asking “Where is the bathroom?” you could say “Would you mind telling me where the bathroom is?” ⑤Say “please” once in your question. Saying “please” shows that you have good manners, so don’t forget to say it when you’re requesting something. You can either add please to the start or the end of your question to make it sound more polite. For example, you can say “May I have another cookie, please?” 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 1．How does the writer develop the main body paragraphs? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By asking questions. D．By telling stories. 2．Which expression is not mentioned according to the text? A．May I use your phone for a minute? B．Excuse me, do you know how to get to the zoo? C．Could you please tell me where to throw this away? D．Sorry to bother you, but have you seen Mary? 3．What can we know from the text? A．We’d better use “please” at the start of a question. B．It’s always rude to ask questions directly in English. C．Using “may” to start a question is a polite way to ask for permission. D．We should only use “excuse me” to start a conversation with a stranger. 4．Which shows the structure (结构)of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．How to start a conversation. B．How to get someone’s attention. C．How to ask questions in different languages. D．How to make questions sound more polite in English. Passage 2 The Power of Imitation in Language Learning Imitation is one of the most natural and effective ways to learn a new language. From the moment we are born, we learn by imitating the sounds and actions of those around us. This is how we first learn to speak. Even as adults, imitation remains a powerful tool for language acquisition. When you imitate a native speaker, you are not just copying their words. You are also learning their pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm. This helps you sound more natural and fluent. Studies have shown that learners who imitate native speakers often develop better speaking skills than those who do not. Imitation can also help you understand the culture behind the language. By copying the way people speak, you can learn about their values and customs. However, imitation is not just about repeating what you hear. It is also about understanding why people say things in a certain way. This is where active imitation comes in. Active imitation involves thinking about what you are imitating and making it your own. With practice, you can use imitation to become a more confident and effective communicator. In conclusion, imitation is a valuable skill for language learners. It can help you speak more naturally, understand the culture, and improve your overall communication skills. So, don't be afraid to imitate. It is a sign of a good language learner. 1．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Imitation is a natural and effective way to learn a new language. B．Imitation is only for children. C．Imitation is a waste of time. D．You should not imitate native speakers. 2．What do you learn when you imitate a native speaker? A．Only their words. B．Pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm. C．Only their grammar. D．Only their writing style. 3．What is active imitation? A．Repeating what you hear without thinking. B．Thinking about what you are imitating and making it your own. C．Only imitating when you are in class. D．Imitating only the words, not the pronunciation. 4．What can imitation help you understand? A．Only the grammar of the language. B．The culture behind the language. C．Only the vocabulary. D．Only the writing system. 5．According to the passage, what is imitation a sign of? A．A bad language learner. B．A good language learner. C．A lazy language learner. D．A confused language learner. Passage 3 My Experience Learning Sign Language When I was in middle school, I met a deaf student named Tom. We were in the same class, but I never talked to him because I didn't know how to communicate with him. I felt bad about this, so I decided to learn sign language. At first, I was worried that it would be too difficult. I watched some online tutorials and practiced the alphabet every day. I also learned some common phrases. It took time, but slowly I made progress. I started to practice with Tom. He was very patient and helped me a lot. He taught me the importance of facial expressions and body language in sign language. After a few months, I could have simple conversations with Tom. I felt so happy and proud. I made a new friend and I also learned a lot about deaf culture. This experience taught me that communication is not just about words. It is about understanding and respect. Now, I am still learning sign language. I hope one day I can become fluent and help more people communicate with the deaf community. 1．Why did the writer decide to learn sign language? A．Because it was a school requirement. B．Because he wanted to communicate with a deaf classmate. C．Because he wanted to become a teacher. D．Because his parents told him to. 2．How did the writer learn sign language? A．By taking classes at school. B．By watching online tutorials and practicing with Tom. C．By reading books. D．By traveling abroad. 3．What did Tom teach the writer? A．How to speak loudly. B．The importance of facial expressions and body language. C．How to read lips. D．How to hear better. 4．How did the writer feel after learning to communicate with Tom? A．Tired and bored. B．Happy and proud. C．Sad and disappointed. D．Angry and upset. 5．What lesson did the writer learn from this experience? A．Communication is only about words. B．Learning sign language is a waste of time. C．Communication is about understanding and respect. D．Sign language is too difficult to learn. Passage 4 短文填空 阅读下面材料, 按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求, 在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。 There are many interesting and useful Chinese idioms. For example, we 1 (use) “wanku zidi”(纨绔子弟) to describe playboys from rich families for centuries. But do you know what “wanku” means? 2 Chinese, we often use clothing‑related words to refer to certain people. For example, jingguo, a kind of 3 (woman) headdress, is used to refer to women. We use paoze to refer to a soldier’s robe. Like these phrases, wanku is also related to clothes. Wan is 4 kind of fine cloth. It 5 (make) of silk and is closely woven (编织). Ku, just like today’s ku, means trousers or pants. Wanku was a type of expensive pants in the past, 6 silk was very rare (少见的) at that time. Only rich people could afford 7 . 8 (gradual), people started to use wanku to refer to playboys from wealthy families. This type of clothing showed 9 luxurious (奢侈的) and wasteful their lives were. The richer they were, the 10 (good) clothes they wore. Unlike rich people, common people could 11 (simple) wear plain cotton clothes. That’s why they were called buyi. Passage 5 完形填空 Emojis are everywhere these days. People send them to friends, family members, and even people they just met. So what makes these cute little pictures so 1 ? First, emojis set the tone of the conversation. Emojis help make every conversation 2 more friendly and positive. Using them is an easy way to show your warm and cheerful side. Besides, emojis can explain your feelings well without 3 a word. Just click on a suitable emoji, and the person you’re talking with will immediately know 4 you’re happy, upset, angry, or disappointed. What’s more, they also bring creativity and fun, turning simple talks into 5 visual (视觉的) exchanges . However, emojis also have their disadvantages. Sometimes, an emoji can mean something different from what we think, which can easily lead to 6 . Take the “folded hands” emoji as a(n) 7 . Some people think it means “thank you”, while others might think you’re saying “I’m praying” or just giving a high five. So what should we keep in mind when using emojis? First, match them to the situation. 8 the fun emojis for talks with friends. But in formal cases, like messaging a teacher or having a serious talk, it’s best to use clear and polite words. 9 piece of advice is to pair your words with emojis. For example, try also writing “I’m so happy!” 10 just sending a smile emoji. 1．A．interesting B．popular C．common 2．A．feel B．sound C．seem 3．A．telling B．saying C．expressing 4．A．that B．if C．whether 5．A．amazing B．alive C．lively 6．A．misunderstandings B．mistakes C．tricks 7．A．gift B．example C．introduction 8．A．Buy B．Leave C．Save 9．A．Another B．The other C．Other 10．A．rather than B．except for C．instead of 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 A World of Words人与社会：语言文化交流 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 335 讲述了学习另一门语言如何改变学习者的注意力，介绍了语言学习能够锻炼注意力管控能力、提升对不确定性的接纳程度。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 287 介绍了Yao在新西兰体验毛利问候礼hongi，从中意识到不能机械照搬网络上的礼仪动作 真题示例 Passage1 选词填空 说明文 191 介绍了汉字的历史起源、仓颉造字的传说、汉字在当代的传播与影响 Passage 2 任务型阅读 说明文 259 讲述了面对面交流不仅仅是语言，还包括语调、肢体语言和倾听方式。 模拟演练 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 289 绍了在英语中让提问听起来更有礼貌的四种实用表达方式，并搭配具体例句进行讲解。 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 232 介绍了模仿在语言学习中的重要作用。 Passage 3 阅读理解 记叙文 188 讲述了作者学习手语的经历，包括学习原因、方法、过程以及从中获得的感悟。 Passage 4 短文填空 说明文 198 介绍了中国成语“纨绔子弟”的来源，解释了“纨”和“绔”各自的意思 Passage 5 完形填空 说明文 237 探讨表情符号在交流中的流行原因、优点（定调、表达情感、增添活力）与缺点（可能引起误解），并提出使用建议。 · 1. The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. – Lao Tzu 千里之行，始于足下。—— 老子 ✨适用：语言学习没有捷径，积累单词、练习语言要从点滴做起。 · 2. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 ✨适用：记单词、听说训练需要反复练习，才能掌握一门语言。 · 3.A good book is a good friend.好书如挚友。 ✨适用：阅读英文读物，在语境中积累词汇，了解异域文化。 · 4. Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous. —Confucius 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。—— 孔子 ✨适用：学习词汇不能死记硬背，要思考词义、语境，学会灵活运用。 · 5. Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一天建成的。 ✨适用：语言能力、词汇量的提升是长期过程，贵在坚持。 · 6. One language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way. —Frank Smith一种语言开启人生一条通道；两种语言为你沿途打开所有大门。—— 弗兰克・史密斯 ✨单元主题金句！语言拓宽视野，语言是文化交流的桥梁。 · 7.Words are the voice of the heart.言为心声。 ✨适用：词汇是表达思想的工具，理解词语才能读懂他人想法。 · 8. He who knows others is wise; he who knows himself is great. —Lao Tzu 知人者智，自知者明。—— 老子 ✨适用：跨文化交流，学会观察、尊重不同文化下的表达习惯。 Passage A Why Learning Another Language Changes Attention Learning another language does not give a person a completely different brain, but it can change what the learner notices. A language directs attention to sounds, word order and social details that may have been easy to ignore before. This change is not limited to the classroom; learners may notice the same details while watching a film or listening to travelers at a station. For example, a learner may begin to hear the difference between two sounds that once seemed the same. Another language may require speakers to choose different words according to how well they know someone. To communicate, the learner must pay attention not only to meaning but also to relationship and situation. In this way, a grammar choice can become a small lesson in seeing a conversation from another person’s position. This constant practice can strengthen what researchers call “attention control”—the ability to focus on useful information and ignore a distraction. The effect is not magic and does not appear after memorizing a few word lists. It grows through regular listening, speaking and switching between languages. Researchers are careful not to claim that bilingual people are automatically better at every mental task; age, practice and the type of task all matter. Language learning also increases tolerance for uncertainty. During a real conversation, learners rarely understand every word. They use context, tone and known word parts to build a reasonable meaning. With experience, an unknown expression becomes a problem to explore rather than a reason to stop. A learner may ask for an example, check an idea from the next sentence and revise an early guess. Such flexible thinking is often more valuable than pretending to understand everything. These benefits do not mean everyone must become perfectly fluent. Even a modest level can open access to people, stories and ideas. The key is active use: noticing, trying, receiving feedback and trying again. Language study changes attention most when learners use the language to solve real communication problems. 1．What may a grammar choice teach a learner to notice? A．Only the length of a sentence. B．Another person’s relationship and situation. C．The price of a language course. D．Whether a film has subtitles. 2．Why does the writer mention the researchers’ careful claim? A．To argue that every mental task is the same. B．To prove age never affects learning. C．To show that the effects should not be exaggerated. D．To advise learners to avoid switching languages. 3．What does the underlined word “tolerance” probably mean here? A．A decision to accept an incorrect translation. B．A rule that prevents people from asking questions. C．A talent for remembering every unknown expression. D．An ability to remain comfortable with something imperfect. 4．Which action shows flexible thinking in Paragraph 4? A．Using later information to revise a guess. B．Keeping an early guess without checking it. C．Stopping at the first unknown word. D．Pretending that every detail is clear. 5．What is the writer’s main purpose? A．To promise perfect fluency quickly. B．To explain how active language use can shape attention and thinking habits. C．To compare the grammar of six languages. D．To prove bilingual learners are better at every task. 长难句解析 1.原句：A language directs attention to sounds, word order and social details that may have been easy to ignore before.语言会引导人们关注语音、词序以及一些社交细节，而这些细节在过去很容易被忽略。 ✅句子结构拆解： 主句：A language directs attention to sounds, word order and social details 主语：A language；谓语：directs；宾语：attention； `that may have been easy to ignore before` 是定语从句，先行词是 `social details`（也包含前面并列的 sounds, word order），that 在从句中作主语。 2.原句：To communicate, the learner must pay attention not only to meaning but also to relationship and situation.为了完成交流，学习者不仅要关注语义，还要留意人际关系与场景。 ✅句子结构拆解： `To communicate`：动词不定式作目的状语（为了交流） 主句：the learner must pay attention 固定搭配：not only … but also …** 不但…… 而且……，连接两个介词短语 `to meaning` 和 `to relationship and situation` 3.原句：This constant practice can strengthen what researchers call “attention control”—the ability to focus on useful information and ignore a distraction.这种持续的练习能够增强研究者所说的 “注意力控制能力”—— 即聚焦有用信息、忽略干扰的能力。 ✅句子结构拆解： 主句：This constant practice can strengthen `what researchers call “attention control”` 是宾语从句，what 在从句中作 call 的宾语； 破折号后面：`the ability to focus on useful information and ignore a distraction` 是同位语，用来解释说明 attention control； `to focus on… and ignore…` 不定式作后置定语，修饰 ability。 【答案与解析】 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了学习另一门语言如何改变学习者的注意力，介绍了语言学习能够锻炼注意力管控能力、提升对不确定性的接纳程度，并探讨主动运用语言对塑造注意力与思维习惯产生的作用。 【详解】1．第二段指出观点：“a grammar choice can become a small lesson in seeing a conversation from another person's position”，这直接说明语法选择能教会学习者留意他人的人际关系与处境。 2．第三段说明原因：“Researchers are careful not to claim that bilingual people are automatically better at every mental task; age, practice and the type of task all matter”，研究者做出谨慎表述，意在表明不能夸大语言学习带来的效果。 3．第四段给出语境依据：“During a real conversation, learners rarely understand every word. They use context, tone and known word parts to build a reasonable meaning”，由此推断“tolerance”指能够坦然接纳不完美状况的能力。 4．第四段给出依据：“A learner may ask for an example, check an idea from the next sentence and revise an early guess”，借助后文信息修正猜想，正是灵活思维的体现。 5．首尾段点明主旨：“Language study changes attention most when learners use the language to solve real communication problems”，阐释主动运用语言能够塑造人们的注意力与思维习惯，点明作者的写作目的。 译文 学习另一门语言为何会改变注意力 学习另一门语言并不会让人拥有一个完全不一样的大脑，但它能够改变学习者所留意到的事物。语言会引导人们关注语音、词序以及一些社交细节，而这些细节在过去很容易被忽略。这种改变并不局限于课堂；学习者在看电影或是在车站听旅客交谈时，也可能留意到这类细节。 例如，学习者或许能够听出两个曾经听起来一模一样的语音之间的差别。另一门语言可能要求说话人根据自己与对方的熟悉程度选用不同的词汇。为了完成交流，学习者不仅要关注语义，还要留意人际关系与场景。这样一来，语法上的选择就变成了一堂小小的课程，教会人站在对方的角度看待对话。 这种持续的练习能够增强研究者所说的**注意力控制能力**—— 即聚焦有用信息、忽略干扰的能力。这种效果并非魔法，背几张单词表是无法实现的。它是在反复听、说以及语言切换的过程中慢慢形成的。研究者谨慎地表示，双语者并不是在所有脑力任务上都自然而然更优秀；年龄、练习量以及任务类型都会产生影响。 语言学习还能提升对不确定性的包容度。在真实对话中，学习者很少能听懂每一个单词。他们会借助上下文、语气以及已知的单词部件，推断出合理的含义。随着经验积累，陌生表达会变成一个可以探究的问题，而不是停止交流的理由。学习者可以要求对方举例，根据下一句话验证自己的猜想，并修正先前的推断。这种灵活的思维，往往比假装全部听懂更有价值。 这些益处并不意味着每个人都必须达到流利精通的水平。哪怕只是中等水平，也能帮你接触不同的人、故事与思想。关键在于主动运用：留心观察、大胆尝试、接收反馈、反复练习。当学习者使用语言去解决真实的交流问题时，语言学习对注意力的改变效果最为显著。 Passage B The Greeting That Changed On her first morning at a school in New Zealand, Yao saw her host sister Maia press her nose and forehead gently against an older woman’s face. Yao looked away because she felt she might be watching a private moment. Later, Maia explained that the greeting was a hongi used on special occasions in Māori culture. Yao wanted to show respect, so she searched for instructions online. The next day she moved forward too quickly when she met Maia’s aunt. Both of them laughed, and the aunt kindly showed her how to pause and follow the other person’s movement. Yao discovered that a video could show the shape of a greeting, but not decide whether a particular person wished to use it. The experience made Yao think about greetings at home. She had often told foreign visitors, “Just shake hands in China.” Now she realized that greetings depended on age, relationship, place and personal choice. Some friends waved; some older relatives nodded; close family members might hug after a long separation. For a class project, Yao and Maia interviewed ten families. They did not create a chart saying one country used one greeting. Instead, they wrote questions people could ask themselves: Is this a formal event? Does the other person seem comfortable? Can I wait and follow their lead? Their teacher placed these questions before the examples because good cultural communication begins with attention, not with a fixed national rule. Yao learned useful cultural facts, but her biggest lesson was not a list of movements. It was the habit of watching, asking and adjusting with respect. Facts gave her a useful starting point, while the other person’s response guided what she did next. 1．Why did Yao look away at first? A．She felt the greeting might be private. B．She disliked the older woman. C．She was asked to leave. D．She did not see the greeting. 2．What limitation of the online video did Yao discover? A．It gave the history but not the movement. B．It could not show whether a person wanted that greeting. C．It was recorded in the wrong country. D．It only explained Chinese greetings. 3．What does “these questions” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Instructions for producing a country chart. B．Questions asked by ten families about school. C．Questions about situation, comfort and following another’s lead. D．Examples of greetings used only in China. 4．Why did the students write questions instead of a country chart? A．They had no interview results. B．They studied only one family. C．They could not draw a chart. D．They wanted to avoid oversimplifying culture. 5．Which title best expresses Yao’s final understanding? A．Let Respect Guide Cultural Knowledge B．Learn a Rule for Every Country C．Copy the Movement Exactly D．Avoid Unfamiliar Greetings 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了Yao在新西兰体验毛利问候礼hongi，从中意识到不能机械照搬网络上的礼仪动作，文化问候需要结合场合、对方感受，学会尊重与观察，理解跨文化交流的真谛。 【详解】1．文章第1段“Yao looked away because she felt she might be watching a private moment.”表明Yao起初移开视线是因为她觉得这可能是一个私密的时刻。 2．文章第2段“Yao discovered that a video could show the shape of a greeting, but not decide whether a particular person wished to use it.”表明Yao发现线上视频的局限是没法体现对方是否想要用这种问候方式。 3．文章第4段“Instead, they wrote questions people could ask themselves: Is this a formal event? Does the other person seem comfortable? Can I wait and follow their lead?”，“these questions”指代的是前文列出的关于场合、对方舒适度以及是否跟随对方引导的问题。 4．文章第4段“They did not create a chart saying one country used one greeting. Instead, they wrote questions...because good cultural communication begins with attention, not with a fixed national rule.”表明“一个国家对应一种问候”的图表是把文化过度简化了，所以他们用提问代替图表是为了避免把文化过度简单化，强调沟通需关注具体情况而非固定规则。 5．文章最后一段“It was the habit of watching, asking and adjusting with respect...”表明Yao最终的领悟是尊重对方并根据对方的反应调整行为，而非死记硬背规则，选项A最符合这一主旨。 译文 改变认知的问候礼 在新西兰一所学校的第一个清晨，姚看到寄宿家庭的姐姐迈娅将自己的鼻子和额头轻轻贴在一位年长女士的脸上。姚移开了目光，因为她觉得自己或许撞见了一段私密的时刻。后来，迈娅向她解释，这种问候方式叫**碰鼻礼（hongi）**，是毛利文化中在特殊场合使用的礼仪。 姚想要表达尊重，于是她上网查找相关介绍。第二天，当她见到迈娅的姑姑时，上前的动作太急促了。两人都笑了起来，姑姑耐心地教她如何停顿，跟随对方的动作。姚发现，视频只能展示问候礼的形式，却无法判断对方是否愿意接受这个礼仪。 这段经历让姚开始思考国内的问候方式。她以前常常对外国访客说：“在中国，握手就可以。” 现在她意识到，问候方式取决于年龄、人际关系、场合以及个人选择。有些朋友挥手致意；一些年长的亲戚点头问好；久别重逢的至亲可能会拥抱。 为完成一项课堂课题，姚和迈娅采访了十个家庭。她们没有制作一张表格，简单认定一个国家只用一种问候方式。取而代之，她们写下一些人们可以自问的问题：这是正式场合吗？对方看起来自在吗？我能否稍作等待，跟着对方的做法来？老师把这些问题放在礼仪示例之前，因为良好的跨文化交流始于用心观察，而非死板的国家规则。 姚学到了很多实用的文化知识，但她最大的收获并不是一套套礼仪动作。而是学会怀着尊重去观察、询问并灵活调整。文化知识只是一个有用的起点，对方的反应才指引她下一步该怎么做。 ✅ 基础句（保底得分，适合开头、简单陈述） 1. English is widely used all over the world.英语在全世界被广泛使用。 2. More and more people learn English as a second language.越来越多人把英语当作第二语言来学习。 3. Words are the building blocks of a language.单词是一门语言的基石。 4. It is important to remember new words when we learn English.学习英语时，记生词很重要。 5. Reading helps us increase our vocabulary.阅读帮助我们扩大词汇量。 6. We can learn a lot about different cultures through language.我们可以通过语言了解很多不同的文化。 7. Many books and websites are in English.许多书籍和网站都是英文的。 ✨ 进阶加分句（提升作文档次，优先背诵） 1. The more words you know, the better you can understand English. 你认识的单词越多，理解英语的能力就越强。 2. Learning vocabulary is not only memorizing spellings but also using words in sentences. 学习词汇不只是记拼写，还要在句子中运用单词。 3. English serves as a bridge connecting people from different countries. 英语充当一座桥梁，连接来自不同国家的人们。 4. It’s a good way to learn new words by reading English articles and watching English videos. 阅读英文文章、看英文视频是学习生词的好方法。 5. If you want to master a language, you should keep using it every day. 如果你想掌握一门语言，就应该坚持每天使用它。 6. Some words have different meanings in different situations. 有些单词在不同语境下有不同含义。 7. We can guess the meaning of new words from the context instead of looking them up at once. 我们可以从上下文猜测生词含义，而不是立刻查词典。 8. A large vocabulary makes it easier for us to communicate with foreigners. 丰富的词汇量让我们和外国人交流更轻松。 📌 过渡 & 结尾句（衔接段落、收尾升华） 1. Here is some advice on how to learn English words well.这里有一些学好英语单词的建议。 2. In my opinion, interest plays an important role in language learning. 在我看来，兴趣在语言学习中发挥重要作用。 3. As long as we keep practicing, we will make great progress.只要坚持练习，我们就会取得巨大进步。 4. Language learning is a long journey and we should never give up.语言学习是一段漫长的旅程，我们永不放弃。 5. Learning words takes time and patience. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. 记单词需要时间和耐心，不要害怕犯错。 Passage1 （2026·宁夏银川·中考真题）请阅读下面语篇，从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使语篇通顺、意思完整。每空限填一个词或短语，每个词或短语限填一次。 picture, see, different, in order to, and, slow, great, add, thousands of, they Do you know about Chinese characters (汉字)? They are one of the 1 treasures of Chinese culture. They have a history of 2 years. There is a beautiful legend (传说) about Chinese characters. It is said that Cangjie first invented 3 . He got ideas from animal footprints. He watched everything in nature carefully. Then he drew simple symbols 4 gave each of them a special meaning. These simple symbols 5 developed into modern Chinese characters. 6 honor Cangjie, the UN made April 20 Chinese Language Day. During the 2025 Chinese Language Day, the National Museum of Chinese Writing hosted a show in New York City. Nearly 100 special characters were on show. With nice 7 and AR technology, the show recreated everyday life of ancient Chinese people. It let the world 8 the beauty of Chinese characters and the culture behind them. Today, 90 countries have 9 Chinese to their national education systems (体系). More and more foreigners begin to learn Chinese characters. Chinese characters make people from 10 countries get closer. They serve as a bridge connecting culture and friendship. 【答案】 1．greatest 2．thousands of 3．them 4．and 5．slowly 6．In order to 7．pictures 8．see 9．added 10．different 【导语】本文介绍了汉字的历史起源、仓颉造字的传说、汉字在当代的传播与影响，指出汉字作为中华文化的瑰宝，是连接文化与友谊的桥梁。 【详解】1．句意：它们是中华文化最伟大的瑰宝之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”表示“最……之一”，此处需用形容词修饰“treasures”，表示伟大的瑰宝；备选词great“伟大的”，其最高级形式为greatest，符合语境。 2．句意：它们有几千年的历史。此处修饰“years”，表示时间之长；备选词thousands of“成千上万的”，符合语境。 3．句意：据说仓颉首先发明了它们。“invented”为及物动词，后需接宾语；此处指代前文的“Chinese characters”；备选词they“它们”是主格，其宾格形式为them，符合语境。 4．句意：然后他画出简单的符号，并赋予每个符号特殊的含义。空格连接“drew simple symbols”与“gave each of them a special meaning”两个并列谓语，需用并列连词；备选词and“和；并且”，符合语境。 5．句意：这些简单的符号慢慢地发展成现代汉字。空格修饰动词“developed”，需用副词作状语，表示“缓慢地发展”；备选词slow“慢的”，其副词形式为slowly，符合语境。 6．句意：为了纪念仓颉，联合国将4月20日定为中文日。根据下文“the UN made April 20 Chinese Language Day”可知，联合国设立中文日的目的是为了纪念仓颉；备选短语in order to“为了”符合语境，后接动词原形，句首单词，首字母需大写。 7．句意：借助精美的图片和AR技术，展览重现了中国古人的日常生活。根据下文“the show recreated everyday life of ancient Chinese people”可知，此处是指用图片和AR技术重现中国古人的生活；备选词picture“图片”符合语境，picture为可数名词，此处表示一类事物，需用复数形式pictures。 8．句意：它让世界看到汉字之美及其背后的文化。“let sb. do sth.”为固定搭配，表示“让某人做某事”，需用动词原形；根据空格后“the beauty of Chinese characters”可知，看到汉字之美；备选词see“看见”符合语境，用动词原形即可。 9．句意：如今，90个国家已将汉语加入其国民教育体系。“have + 过去分词”构成现在完成时，应用过去分词；结合空格后“Chinese to their national education systems”，此处是指将汉语加入其国民教育体系；备选词add“加入；添加”，其过去分词形式为added。 10．句意：汉字使来自不同国家的人们更亲近。空格修饰名词“countries”，需用形容词；结合语境，此处是指不同的国家；备选词different“不同的”，符合语境，无需变形。 Passage2 任务型阅读 （2026·贵州贵阳·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据其内容填空和回答问题。63至66题每题答案不超过3个单词，67题须用完整句子回答。 No man is an island. — John Donne (British poet) Human beings are social—we like being with other people and communicating. And one effective way of communicating is speaking face to face. Intonation (语调) is one of the reasons why face-to-face communication is powerful, because it helps to express more meanings. For example, yesterday you invited your friend to go shopping at the weekend, and he texted that he’d like to. Now, when you read these words on your phone, you may think he has meant “yes”. However, without hearing his intonation, it can be very difficult to know: Did he reply with real interest, or was he just being polite? Body language makes a big difference, too. Most communication experts agree that it has the biggest influence on how we receive messages. For example, if your friend rolls eyes (翻白眼) when he says he’d like to go shopping, you can be sure this is actually the last thing he wants to do! How we listen also plays a key role in face-to-face communication. When people speak to us, do we give them full attention, or do we think about how to reply? Do we show our interest in what they’re saying by nodding our head or looking at their eyes to encourage them to continue? Communication isn’t just about words. Even if you don’t speak a foreign language well, you’ll still be able to have a basic conversation with the right body language and intonation and show that you are listening! 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 【答案】 1.words 2.more meanings 3.Body language 4.encouraging 5.I can use the right body language and intonation. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了面对面交流不仅仅是语言，还包括语调、肢体语言和倾听方式。 【详解】1．根据文章第五段“Communication isn’t just about words.”可推知结论面对面交流不仅仅是文字。 2．根据文章第二段“Intonation (语调) is one of the reasons why face-to-face communication is powerful, because it helps to express more meanings.”可推知结论语调帮助表达更多意义。 3．根据文章第三段“Body language makes a big difference, too. Most communication experts agree that it has the biggest influence on how we receive messages.”可推知结论肢体语言影响我们如何接收信息。故填Body language。 4．根据文章第四段“Do we show our interest in what they’re saying by nodding our head or looking at their eyes to encourage them to continue?”可推知结论倾听在鼓励谈话继续中起作用，介词in后需接动名词形式。 5．本题为开放性问题，要求用完整句子回答。结合文章内容，可以从语调、肢体语言、倾听方式等方面提出建议。 Passage 1 ①When you ask someone a question in English, it could come across as a little rude if you say something too directly. Luckily, there are a lot of different expressions that help you sound more polite. Here are some examples of the polite expressions. ②Start with “excuse me” or “pardon me” to get a person’s attention. If you’ re coming over to a stranger and want to ask him or her a question, try one of these expressions to start your conversation and show your politeness (礼貌). For example, you can ask, “Excuse me, where is the nearest bus stop?” or “Pardon me, is there a bathroom over here?” ③Begin a question with “may” if you need to ask for permission (允许). Starting a question with “may” is a great idea for making your request sound more polite. Rather than saying directly what you need or want to do, ask the other person if it’s okay for you to do it. For example, you can say, “May I use your phone for a minute?” ④Use “can”, “could” or “would” when you make a request. Leading right away with a question word such as “where” or “how” might make your question sound rude. For example, instead of asking “Where is the bathroom?” you could say “Would you mind telling me where the bathroom is?” ⑤Say “please” once in your question. Saying “please” shows that you have good manners, so don’t forget to say it when you’re requesting something. You can either add please to the start or the end of your question to make it sound more polite. For example, you can say “May I have another cookie, please?” 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 1．How does the writer develop the main body paragraphs? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By asking questions. D．By telling stories. 2．Which expression is not mentioned according to the text? A．May I use your phone for a minute? B．Excuse me, do you know how to get to the zoo? C．Could you please tell me where to throw this away? D．Sorry to bother you, but have you seen Mary? 3．What can we know from the text? A．We’d better use “please” at the start of a question. B．It’s always rude to ask questions directly in English. C．Using “may” to start a question is a polite way to ask for permission. D．We should only use “excuse me” to start a conversation with a stranger. 4．Which shows the structure (结构)of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the main idea of the text? A．How to start a conversation. B．How to get someone’s attention. C．How to ask questions in different languages. D．How to make questions sound more polite in English. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在英语中让提问听起来更有礼貌的四种实用表达方式，并搭配具体例句进行讲解。 【详解】1．根据文章第②至⑤段最后一句均为举例内容可知，主体段落（第②-⑤段）都是通过举例子的方式展开论述。 2．文章分别提及了用may提问、用excuse me开头提问、用could加please提问这三类句式，A、B选项句式原文有直接对应，C选项结合了文中提到的could和please用法，而D选项句式全文未出现。 3．根据文章第③段“Begin a question with ‘may’ if you need to ask for permission. Starting a question with ‘may’ is a great idea for making your request sound more polite.”可知，用may开头提问是礼貌地请求许可的方式。A选项please可放在句首或句尾，并非最好放在句首；B选项原文只是直接提问会显得粗鲁，并非所有直接提问都一定粗鲁；D选项除了excuse me还可以用pardon me，表述错误。 4．文章第①段总起全文，点明主题；第②③④⑤段分别并列介绍四种礼貌提问的方法，属于总分结构，对应C选项结构图。 5．根据文章第①段“When you ask someone a question in English,… Here are some examples of the polite expressions.”可知，全文核心是讲解如何让英语中的提问听起来更有礼貌。A、B只概括局部内容，C“不同语言”原文未提及。 Passage 2 The Power of Imitation in Language Learning Imitation is one of the most natural and effective ways to learn a new language. From the moment we are born, we learn by imitating the sounds and actions of those around us. This is how we first learn to speak. Even as adults, imitation remains a powerful tool for language acquisition. When you imitate a native speaker, you are not just copying their words. You are also learning their pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm. This helps you sound more natural and fluent. Studies have shown that learners who imitate native speakers often develop better speaking skills than those who do not. Imitation can also help you understand the culture behind the language. By copying the way people speak, you can learn about their values and customs. However, imitation is not just about repeating what you hear. It is also about understanding why people say things in a certain way. This is where active imitation comes in. Active imitation involves thinking about what you are imitating and making it your own. With practice, you can use imitation to become a more confident and effective communicator. In conclusion, imitation is a valuable skill for language learners. It can help you speak more naturally, understand the culture, and improve your overall communication skills. So, don't be afraid to imitate. It is a sign of a good language learner. 1．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Imitation is a natural and effective way to learn a new language. B．Imitation is only for children. C．Imitation is a waste of time. D．You should not imitate native speakers. 2．What do you learn when you imitate a native speaker? A．Only their words. B．Pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm. C．Only their grammar. D．Only their writing style. 3．What is active imitation? A．Repeating what you hear without thinking. B．Thinking about what you are imitating and making it your own. C．Only imitating when you are in class. D．Imitating only the words, not the pronunciation. 4．What can imitation help you understand? A．Only the grammar of the language. B．The culture behind the language. C．Only the vocabulary. D．Only the writing system. 5．According to the passage, what is imitation a sign of? A．A bad language learner. B．A good language learner. C．A lazy language learner. D．A confused language learner. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了模仿在语言学习中的重要作用。文章指出模仿是一种自然且有效的学习方式，不仅包括模仿发音、语调和节奏，还包括理解语言背后的文化，并强调了“主动模仿”的意义。最后总结模仿是有价值的学习技能。 【详解】1．第一段“Imitation is one of the most natural and effective ways to learn a new language.”，明确说明文章主旨是模仿是一种自然且有效的语言学习方式。 2．第二段“you are not just copying their words. You are also learning their pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm.”，明确说明模仿母语者时学到的不仅是话语，还包括发音、语调和节奏。 3．第三段“Active imitation involves thinking about what you are imitating and making it your own.”，明确说明主动模仿是指在模仿的同时进行思考并化为己用。 4．第二段“Imitation can also help you understand the culture behind the language.”，明确说明模仿能帮助理解语言背后的文化。 5．最后一段“It is a sign of a good language learner.”，明确说明模仿是优秀语言学习者的标志。 Passage 3 My Experience Learning Sign Language When I was in middle school, I met a deaf student named Tom. We were in the same class, but I never talked to him because I didn't know how to communicate with him. I felt bad about this, so I decided to learn sign language. At first, I was worried that it would be too difficult. I watched some online tutorials and practiced the alphabet every day. I also learned some common phrases. It took time, but slowly I made progress. I started to practice with Tom. He was very patient and helped me a lot. He taught me the importance of facial expressions and body language in sign language. After a few months, I could have simple conversations with Tom. I felt so happy and proud. I made a new friend and I also learned a lot about deaf culture. This experience taught me that communication is not just about words. It is about understanding and respect. Now, I am still learning sign language. I hope one day I can become fluent and help more people communicate with the deaf community. 1．Why did the writer decide to learn sign language? A．Because it was a school requirement. B．Because he wanted to communicate with a deaf classmate. C．Because he wanted to become a teacher. D．Because his parents told him to. 2．How did the writer learn sign language? A．By taking classes at school. B．By watching online tutorials and practicing with Tom. C．By reading books. D．By traveling abroad. 3．What did Tom teach the writer? A．How to speak loudly. B．The importance of facial expressions and body language. C．How to read lips. D．How to hear better. 4．How did the writer feel after learning to communicate with Tom? A．Tired and bored. B．Happy and proud. C．Sad and disappointed. D．Angry and upset. 5．What lesson did the writer learn from this experience? A．Communication is only about words. B．Learning sign language is a waste of time. C．Communication is about understanding and respect. D．Sign language is too difficult to learn. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者学习手语的经历，包括学习原因、方法、过程以及从中获得的感悟。 【详解】1．第一段“I never talked to him because I didn’t know how to communicate with him. I felt bad about this, so I decided to learn sign language.”，明确说明作者学手语是为了与失聪同学交流。 2．第二段“I watched some online tutorials and practiced the alphabet every day...I started to practice with Tom.”，明确说明作者通过在线教程学习和与Tom练习来学手语。 3．第二段“He taught me the importance of facial expressions and body language in sign language.”，明确说明Tom教作者面部表情和肢体语言在手语中的重要性。 4．第三段“I felt so happy and proud.”，明确说明作者学会与Tom交流后感到开心和自豪。 5．第三段“This experience taught me that communication is not just about words. It is about understanding and respect.”，明确说明作者从这次经历中学到沟通的本质是理解与尊重。 Passage 4 短文填空 阅读下面材料, 按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求, 在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。 There are many interesting and useful Chinese idioms. For example, we 1 (use) “wanku zidi”(纨绔子弟) to describe playboys from rich families for centuries. But do you know what “wanku” means? 2 Chinese, we often use clothing‑related words to refer to certain people. For example, jingguo, a kind of 3 (woman) headdress, is used to refer to women. We use paoze to refer to a soldier’s robe. Like these phrases, wanku is also related to clothes. Wan is 4 kind of fine cloth. It 5 (make) of silk and is closely woven (编织). Ku, just like today’s ku, means trousers or pants. Wanku was a type of expensive pants in the past, 6 silk was very rare (少见的) at that time. Only rich people could afford 7 . 8 (gradual), people started to use wanku to refer to playboys from wealthy families. This type of clothing showed 9 luxurious (奢侈的) and wasteful their lives were. The richer they were, the 10 (good) clothes they wore. Unlike rich people, common people could 11 (simple) wear plain cotton clothes. That’s why they were called buyi. 【答案】 1．have used 2．In 3．women’s 4．a 5．is made 6．because 7．them 8．Gradually 9．how 10．better 11．simply 【导语】本文介绍了中国成语“纨绔子弟”的来源，解释了“纨”和“绔”各自的意思，并与其他服饰相关词汇对比，说明了古代服饰与社会阶层的关系。 【详解】1．句意：例如，我们用“纨绔子弟”来形容富裕家庭的花花公子已有数百年之久。时间状语“for centuries”表示从过去持续到现在的动作，需用现在完成时。主语“we”为第一人称复数，谓语结构需用“have + 过去分词”。“use”的过去分词为“used”。 2．句意：在中文中，我们常用与服饰相关的词来指代某些人。表示“在中文中”，需用介词“In”，句首首字母大写。 3．句意：例如，巾帼——一种女性的头饰——被用来指代女性。泛指女性用复数women，修饰名词“headdress”，需用名词所有格“women’s”。 4．句意：纨是一种精细的布料。a kind of表示“一种”，故填a。 5．句意：它由丝绸制成，编织紧密。主语“It”与谓语动词“make”之间为被动关系，且句子描述客观事实，需用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”，make的过去分词为made。 6．句意：“纨绔”在过去是一种昂贵的裤子，因为当时丝绸非常稀有。后文解释“纨绔是过去昂贵的裤子”的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。 7．句意：只有富人才能买得起。指代前文的expensive pants，作afford的宾语，填代词them。 8．句意：渐渐地，人们开始用“纨绔”来指代富裕家庭的花花公子。该空位于句首，修饰整个句子，需用副词作状语。“gradual”的副词形式为“Gradually”。句首单词首字母需大写。 9．句意：这种服饰显示他们的生活是多么奢侈和浪费。此处引导宾语从句，表示感叹含义。固定结构“how+形容词”引导宾语从句，表达“他们的生活有多么奢侈”，应填how。 10．句意：越有钱，穿的衣服就越好。“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构表示“越……，就越……”。“good”的比较级为“better”。 11．句意：与富人不同，普通人只能穿朴素的棉布衣服。修饰动词“wear”，需用副词形式作状语。“simple”的副词形式为“simply”，意为“仅仅，简单地”。 Passage 5 完形填空 Emojis are everywhere these days. People send them to friends, family members, and even people they just met. So what makes these cute little pictures so 1 ? First, emojis set the tone of the conversation. Emojis help make every conversation 2 more friendly and positive. Using them is an easy way to show your warm and cheerful side. Besides, emojis can explain your feelings well without 3 a word. Just click on a suitable emoji, and the person you’re talking with will immediately know 4 you’re happy, upset, angry, or disappointed. What’s more, they also bring creativity and fun, turning simple talks into 5 visual (视觉的) exchanges . However, emojis also have their disadvantages. Sometimes, an emoji can mean something different from what we think, which can easily lead to 6 . Take the “folded hands” emoji as a(n) 7 . Some people think it means “thank you”, while others might think you’re saying “I’m praying” or just giving a high five. So what should we keep in mind when using emojis? First, match them to the situation. 8 the fun emojis for talks with friends. But in formal cases, like messaging a teacher or having a serious talk, it’s best to use clear and polite words. 9 piece of advice is to pair your words with emojis. For example, try also writing “I’m so happy!” 10 just sending a smile emoji. 1．A．interesting B．popular C．common 2．A．feel B．sound C．seem 3．A．telling B．saying C．expressing 4．A．that B．if C．whether 5．A．amazing B．alive C．lively 6．A．misunderstandings B．mistakes C．tricks 7．A．gift B．example C．introduction 8．A．Buy B．Leave C．Save 9．A．Another B．The other C．Other 10．A．rather than B．except for C．instead of 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨表情符号在交流中的流行原因、优点（定调、表达情感、增添活力）与缺点（可能引起误解），并提出使用建议。 【详解】1．句意：那么是什么让这些可爱的小图片如此受欢迎呢？ 前文提到“Emojis are everywhere these days”，说明它们无处不在，因此问的是为什么受欢迎，选popular（受欢迎的）。interesting（有趣的）和common（常见的）均不如popular贴合“无处不在”带来的流行感。 2．句意：表情符号有助于使每次对话看起来更友好和积极。 引用上一句“First, emojis set the tone of the conversation.”，表情符号设定对话的基调，也就是让对话给人的主观感受变得友好积极，因此用feel表示“感觉”。sound多用于听觉“听起来”，seem侧重客观表象“似乎”，都不如feel贴合“内心感受”的语境。 3．句意：表情符号不用说话就能很好地解释你的感受。 该空位于介词without之后，需填动名词，且后接a word。saying a word表示“说一句话”，符合语境；telling（告诉）和expressing（表达）均不与a word直接搭配，且表达含义不如saying自然。 4．句意：对方会立即知道你是否开心、沮丧、生气或失望。 后文列举“happy, upset, angry, disappointed”等多种情绪，说明对方需要知道是哪一种状态，whether... or... 为固定搭配，表示“是……还是……”。that不表疑问，if不如whether正式。 5．句意：把简单的对话变成生动的视觉交流。 该空修饰visual exchanges，强调对话变得有活力，用lively。amazing（令人惊讶的）和alive（活着的）均不如lively贴合“对话变生动”的语境。 6．句意：有时一个表情符号的含义可能与我们认为的不同，这容易导致误解。 前文提到“mean something different”，即含义不同，因此容易产生误解，选misunderstandings（误解）。mistakes（错误）和tricks（把戏）均不符合“含义差异”带来的后果。 7．句意：以“合十”表情符号为例。 固定搭配take...as an example表示“以……为例”，因此选example。gift和introduction均不构成该搭配。 8．句意：把有趣的表情符号留给朋友间的交谈。 前文建议根据场合使用表情符号，此处表示“保留”有趣的表情用于朋友间，选Save。Buy和Leave均不符合“根据场合选择性使用”的逻辑。 9．句意：另一条建议是把文字和表情符号搭配使用。 前文“First, match them to the situation.”先给出第一条建议，文章没有限定总共只有两条建议，another 后接单数名词，表示众多建议里的又一条；the other用于两者中剩余的一个，此处只是先后提出建议，并没有说明建议只有两条；other后接不可数名词时多指多条建议，不符合本句引出单条建议的语境，故排除。 10．句意：试着写下“我很开心！”而不是只发一个微笑表情。 此处表示“而不是”，后接动名词sending，用instead of。rather than也可表示“而不是”，但通常后接动词原形或名词，且选项中有instead of；except for表示“除了”，不符合语境。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $