Unit 3 Great Ideas 人与社会：奇思妙想及发明创造（单元阅读精练）英语新教材仁爱版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“奇思妙想及发明创造”主题，融合阅读输入与写作输出，通过长难句解析、分层写作佳句构建语言能力，渗透文化意识与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇说明文|长难句拆解（插入语、分词作状语等）|从现代发明（水下跑步机、午睡舱）理解说明方法| |真题示例|2篇中考真题|细节定位与主旨归纳|机器人发展、环保材料研发，关联科技与社会| |模拟演练|5篇（含完形/填空）|应用文写作结构、记叙文情节梳理|古今发明（暖手炉、太阳能装置）体现创新思维| |写作指导|3层次佳句|开头引入、中间描述、结尾升华模板|结合名言（爱迪生等）提升表达逻辑与文化内涵|

Unit 3 Great Ideas 人与社会：奇思妙想及发明创造 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 291 介绍了水下跑步机这种特殊的水中运动方式 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 323 介绍了东京一家咖啡馆推出的立式午睡舱产品 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 260 围绕近年来机器人的快速发展展开，开篇用国际风筝节上的机器人表演引出话题 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 291 讲述麻省理工学院研究人员预估2050年全球需大量新建住房，若大量使用木材会破坏雨林，团队研发出回收塑料混合玻璃的新型材料3D打印建筑桁架 模拟演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 213 介绍了中国古代暖手炉的起源故事、材质形状、工作原理以及在宋明清时期的发展与文化记载。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 198 介绍中学生Jason发明的低成本太阳能追踪装置 Passage3 阅读理解 应用文 186 Tom写信向Jack介绍创意思维研习班的经历，分享自己的收获与改变。 Passage4 短文填空 说明文 255 介绍了北京举办的世界上的首届人形机器人半程马拉松赛事 Passage5 完形填空 记叙文 225 述了作者从小热爱制作东西，在四年级时因老师布置的项目而深入了解爱迪生 · - Necessity is the mother of invention.（需求是发明之母，最贴合本单元话题） · - Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety‑nine percent perspiration.（爱迪生，发明家主题） · - Imagination is more important than knowledge.（爱因斯坦） ·   A thousand‑li journey begins with a single step. — Lao Tzu 千里之行，始于足下。—— 老子（可以用于说明发明创造也要从点滴尝试做起） · l  He who asks a question is a fool for five minutes; he who does not ask a question remains a fool forever. — Chinese Proverb 问问题的人只是五分钟的愚人；从不发问的人则永远是愚人。—— 中国谚语 · Imagination is more important than knowledge. — Albert Einstein 想象力比知识更重要。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦 · Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety‑nine percent perspiration. — Thomas Edison 天才是百分之一的灵感，加上百分之九十九的汗水。—— 托马斯・爱迪生 · Necessity is the mother of invention. — Ancient English Proverb 需求是发明之母。—— 英语古老谚语 · The best way to predict the future is to invent it. — Alan Kay 预测未来最好的方式就是去创造它。—— 艾伦・凯 · Every great idea starts with a simple question. — Unknown 每一个伟大的想法，都始于一个简单的疑问。—— 佚名 · Failure is the opportunity to begin again more intelligently. — Henry Ford 失败是重新开始的机会，而且可以做得更明智。—— 亨利・福特 · A mind once stretched by a new idea never regains its original dimension. — Oliver Wendell Holmes · 思想一旦被新想法拓展，就再也回不到原来的格局。—— 奥利弗・温德尔・霍姆斯 · Great things are not done by impulse, but by a series of small things brought together. — Vincent van Gogh 伟大的成就并非一时冲动，而是无数小事汇聚而成。—— 文森特・梵高 · You can’t use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have. — Maya Angelou 创造力不会被耗尽，你使用得越多，拥有得就越多。—— 玛雅・安吉洛 · Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything. — George Bernard Shaw 没有改变就不可能进步；不能转变思想的人，什么都改变不了。—— 萧伯纳 Passage A（介绍了水下跑步机这种特殊的水中运动方式） Have you ever heard of a treadmill that works underwater? It’s a special machine that lets you walk or run in water. Water is an excellent place to exercise. You can exercise at slower speeds because moving through water needs more effort. It helps to make your body stronger. At the same time, it supports your body weight, putting less stress on your knees than exercising on land. This makes it a safe way to exercise. For decades, underwater treadmills were popular tools to treat injured (受伤的) animals such as dogs, horses and cats. It was quite strange that for all these years, no one had thought of a design that could be used for humans. The idea for humans came from Dr. Paul Hetrick, who created a machine for his patients. His first patient was Anson Flake, a famous cyclist and runner. With the help of the doctor and the machine, he got better. From then on, these machines have been accepted by more and more people. There are some advantages of underwater treadmills. They are perfect for weight loss, better shape, and improving heart health. They are especially helpful for improvement after an injury, because the water allows for easier movement. It’s also a great choice for older people, as water reduces pressure on the body. ▲ They are mostly found in sports centers or hospitals, because they can be quite expensive, costing from $1,500 to several thousand dollars. The underwater treadmill is more than a machine. It connects sports science with water therapy (治疗). Although it is not very common now, it shows us a creative and friendly way to stay healthy and strong, opening a new door for modern fitness. 1．What is the main advantage of exercising in water? A．It is more fun and less tiring. B．It increases stress on joints. C．It helps to build up the body. D．It allows faster speeds. 2．What does the writer want to tell by mentioning animals in paragraph 3? A．When the design for treating animals began. B．Where the idea for treating patients came from. C．Why underwater treadmills for humans came so late. D．How Dr. Hetrick invented a machine to treat his patients. 3．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ”? A．As a result, treadmills are designed for injured people. B．These treadmills are becoming popular in many families. C．However, these treadmills are not common for home use. D．For these advantages, patients should have such a treadmill. 4．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Story of Dr. Hetrick. B．The Best Choice for Fitness. C．The Reasons for Exercise. D．A Way of Exercise in Water. 长难句解析 长难句 1 原句：At the same time, it supports your body weight, putting less stress on your knees than exercising on land.同时，水可以承托你的体重，相比在陆地上锻炼，它给膝盖带来的压力更小。 ✅句式拆解： 1. `At the same time` 同时（插入语） 2. 主句：`it supports your body weight` 它承托你的体重 3. `putting less stress on your knees` 现在分词短语作**结果状语**，表示主句带来的结果 4. `than exercising on land` 比较状语，`than` 后接动名词 `exercising`，和前面的 `putting…` 动作对比。 🔑重点短语： - support one’s body weight 承托某人的体重- put stress on… 给…… 施加压力 长难句 2 原句：Although it is not very common now, it shows us a creative and friendly way to stay healthy and strong, opening a new door for modern fitness.尽管它目前还不算普及，但它向我们展示了一种新颖又温和的方式来保持身体健康强壮，为现代健身打开了一扇新的大门。 ✅句式拆解： 1. `Although it is not very common now` 让步状语从句：although 引导，意为 “尽管、虽然”，不能和 but 连用 2. to stay healthy and strong` 不定式作后置定语，修饰 way，…… 的方式 3. `opening a new door for modern fitness` 现在分词短语作结果状语，表达主句带来的后续结果。 译文 你听说过水下跑步机吗？这是一种可以让你在水里行走或跑步的特殊机器。 水是绝佳的运动场所。你可以用较慢的速度锻炼，因为在水中移动需要耗费更多力气。它有助于增强你的体质。同时，水可以承托你的体重，相比在陆地上锻炼，它给膝盖带来的压力更小。这让它成为一种安全的锻炼方式。 数十年来，水下跑步机一直是治疗狗、马、猫等受伤动物的常用设备。十分奇怪的是，这么多年以来，竟没有人设计出可供人类使用的款式。供人类使用的水下跑步机这一想法出自保罗・赫特里克博士，他为自己的病人发明了这款机器。他的第一位病人是安森・弗莱克，一位著名的自行车运动员兼赛跑选手。在医生和这台机器的帮助下，他康复了。从那以后，这类机器被越来越多的人所接受。 水下跑步机有诸多优点。它们非常适合减重、塑造更好的体态以及改善心脏健康。它们对受伤后的恢复尤其有帮助，因为水能够让运动变得更加轻松。对于老年人来说，这也是一个很好的选择，因为水会减轻身体承受的压力。 ▲ 它们大多出现在运动中心或者医院里，因为设备价格相当昂贵，售价在 1500 美元到数千美元不等。 水下跑步机不仅仅是一台机器。它将运动科学与水疗结合在一起。尽管它目前还不算普及，但它向我们展示了一种新颖又温和的方式来保持身体健康强壮，为现代健身打开了一扇新的大门。 Passage B（东京一家咖啡馆推出的立式午睡舱产品） Do you ever get sleepy during the day and wish you could have a quick nap before going back to work? Well, a cafe (咖啡馆) in Tokyo may have the answer to your problem. Since August 22 in 2023, the cafe has had special “nap boxes” in which customers can take a short nap. However, customers don’t lie down for these naps, but sleep while standing, with their head and body supported by cushions (垫子). The nap boxes, made by Koyoju Plywood Corporation, are called Giraffenap boxes — maybe because giraffes actually take short naps while standing up. But why sleep standing up? Well, for one thing, it saves space. Giraffenap boxes are about the size of a public phone booth (电话亭), so there’s no need for a special sleeping room with beds. Also, according to the Giraffenap website, napping while standing is better for short naps. If you lie down to sleep, you might sleep too deeply and find it hard to wake up. But if you sleep while standing, your nap will be lighter and you will wake up feeling refreshed, the site (网站) says. The cafe also wants people to try taking “coffee naps” at the cafe. The idea is to have some coffee just before you take your nap. This might seem strange since the caffeine (咖啡因) in coffee usually keeps people awake. However, after you drink a cup of coffee, it actually takes around 20 minutes for the caffeine to have any effect (作用) on your body. So if you take a 20-minute nap right after drinking coffee, the caffeine will help you wake up. In fact, studies have shown that drinking coffee before a nap is more refreshing (恢复精力) than just taking a nap or just having a cup of coffee! 1．The underlined word “nap” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．walk B．shower C．sleep D．cut 2．How many reasons of sleeping standing up are mentioned (提及) in Paragraph 3? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．You can see the special “nap boxes” in Australia. B．Giraffenap boxes were invented in August 22 in 2024. C．It’s easier to wake up if you sleep while standing than lying down. D．Drinking coffee is always helpful to wake up when you take a nap. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Tokyo’s Standing Nap Cafe B．Coffee Naps for Workers C．Giraffe Sleep Solutions D．Caffeine for Short Naps 译文 你是否白天会犯困，希望能小睡片刻再回去工作？那么，东京的一家咖啡馆或许能解决你的烦恼。 自 2023 年 8 月 22 日起，这家咖啡馆配备了特制的 “小憩舱”，顾客可以在里面短暂小睡。不过，顾客并不是躺着睡觉，而是站着睡，头部和身体由垫子支撑。这些小憩舱由 Koyoju 胶合板公司制造，名叫 Giraffenap（长颈鹿小憩舱）—— 或许是因为现实中的长颈鹿本来就会站着短暂打盹。 但为什么要站着睡觉呢？一方面，这样节省空间。长颈鹿小憩舱大约只有公用电话亭那么大，因此不需要配备床铺的专用睡眠房间。此外，据 Giraffenap 官网介绍，站着睡觉更适合短时小憩。如果你躺下睡觉，可能会睡得过沉，很难醒过来。但官网称，如果你站着睡觉，睡眠会更浅，醒来后会感觉神清气爽。 这家咖啡馆还希望顾客在这里体验 “咖啡小憩”。这个做法就是在小睡之前喝些咖啡。这听起来似乎很奇怪，因为咖啡里的咖啡因通常会让人保持清醒。然而，喝完一杯咖啡后，咖啡因实际上大约需要 20 分钟才会对身体产生作用。所以，如果你喝完咖啡立刻小睡 20 分钟，咖啡因就会帮你清醒过来。 事实上，研究表明：小睡前喝咖啡，比单纯睡觉或者单纯喝一杯咖啡，更能让人恢复精力！ 一、单元课本核心原句（必背，贴合本单元被动语态） 1. It was invented by a great inventor.它是由一位伟大的发明家发明的。 2. It was invented in ancient China.它发明于古代中国。 3. It is used for recording information.它被用来记录信息。 4. Great ideas change people’s lives in many ways.伟大的想法在很多方面改变人们的生活。 5. The invention has a great influence on the whole world.这项发明对全世界有着重大影响。 二、写作基础佳句（适合中等学生，描述发明、创意） 1. Every great invention comes from a simple great idea.每一项伟大的发明都源于一个简单的奇思妙想。 2. Inventions make our life easier and more comfortable.发明让我们的生活更轻松、更舒适。 3. Many great ideas come from careful observation of daily life.许多伟大的想法来自对日常生活的仔细观察。 4. Some inventions were created to solve people’s problems.一些发明是为了解决人们的难题而被创造出来的。 5. The invention not only brings convenience but also pushes society forward. 这项发明不仅带来便利，还推动社会向前发展。 6. It took people years to improve this great invention.人们花费数年时间去改进这项伟大的发明。 三、写作提升佳句（高分，适合作文开头、中间、结尾） ✨开头句 1. Throughout history, great ideas and inventions have greatly changed the world we live in. 纵观历史，奇思妙想与伟大发明极大地改变了我们所生活的世界。 2. It is hard to imagine what our life would be like without important inventions. 很难想象，如果没有重要的发明，我们的生活会是什么样子。 ✨中间描述（谈发明过程、价值） 1. Creators usually meet lots of difficulties before their ideas finally come true. 创造者在想法最终实现之前，往往会遭遇许多困难。 2. Some ancient Chinese inventions have made a big difference to world civilization. 一些中国古代发明对世界文明产生了重大作用。 3. Not all great ideas come from scientists. Common people can also create amazing things. 并非所有伟大的想法都出自科学家。普通人也能创造出了不起的事物。 ✨结尾升华句（高频作文收尾） 1. As students, we should learn to think actively and come up with our own great ideas. 作为学生，我们应当学会积极思考，产生属于自己的奇思妙想。 2. We should keep an open mind for new ideas and never be afraid of trying new things. 我们要接纳新想法，永远不要害怕尝试新事物。 3. One small creative idea might become an invention that changes the world one day. 一个小小的创意，或许有朝一日会成为改变世界的发明。 四、话题名言佳句（作文点睛，可放在段首 / 结尾） 1. Necessity is the mother of invention. 需求是发明之母。—— 英语谚语 2. Imagination is more important than knowledge. 想象力比知识更重要。——Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦 3. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety‑nine percent perspiration. 天才是百分之一的灵感，加百分之九十九的汗水。——Thomas Edison 爱迪生 4. The best way to predict the future is to invent it. 预测未来最好的办法就是去创造未来。——Alan Kay 艾伦・凯 Passage1 （2026·河北·中考真题）A Chinese robot became the unexpected star in an international kite festival. At the beginning of the festival, the robot held the string (线) of a kite flying in the sky and made up-and-down movements. The show lasted for 20 minutes and drew crowds of visitors to take photos. The robot in the international festival is a good example of human-like robots. In recent years, human-like running robots have greatly improved and surprised the world. This year, a robot from a Chinese company broke the men’s record for the half-marathon (半程马拉松). In another event, a robot, also from a Chinese company, came close to the men’s 100-meter world record. Robots are not just for flying a kite or running in competitions. They are also helping on farms. Picking tomatoes is tiring work for humans. Now farming robots can help with it. The robots first get information about the tomatoes on their own. The information is about whether the tomatoes are ripe (成熟的) or not and whether there is any tomato hidden behind leaves. With the information, the robots can work out the most effective way to pick the fruit. When picking tomatoes, the robots must choose ripe tomatoes and leave unripe ones untouched. There are many reasons for the rapid improvement of robots in recent years. The cost of building robots has fallen a lot. New computer chips allow machines to perform better. With the development of technology, robots are playing an increasingly important role in everyday life. 1．What did the robot do in the international kite festival? A．It made kites. B．It flew a kite. C．It hosted a kite show. D．It took photos of kites. 2．What did the two human-like running robots have in common? A．Coming from Chinese companies. B．Breaking the men’s running records. C．Taking part in an international festival. D．Winning first place in the half-marathon. 3．What is the first step for the robots to pick tomatoes? A．Finding hidden leaves. B．Learning farming methods. C．Collecting information. D．Taking away fallen tomatoes. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The future of robot industry. B．An international kite festival. C．The rapid development of robots. D．A race between robots and humans. Passage2 （2026·广西·中考真题） Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have estimated (估计) that the world may need about 1 billion new homes by 2050. According to a researcher from MIT, if people use wood to make so many homes, more than three times the size of the Amazon rainforest may be cut. The MIT researchers tried to find other materials to take the place of wood to make house parts. And they found recycled plastic could play a role. The MIT team discovered that recycled plastic mixed with bits of glass could be used as a new material to make trusses (桁架)—supports put under floors to make sure that the floors can carry the weight of everything on them. The MIT team wanted to know how much weight the trusses could carry. In a test, they 3D printed four trusses with the new material. Each truss weighed only about 6 kg—lighter than a comparable wooden truss. The team put the four trusses under a wooden floor model and slowly added heavy weights on the floor. Through the test, the team found the four trusses could sustain objects weighing more than 1,800 kg—about the weight of a car. This showed trusses made from the new material were strong enough to be used in house building in America. The finding may benefit house building a lot. It will be much easier to send house parts made from this new material to different places. What’s more, the researchers say it is possible to bring down the cost of making house parts. The researchers hope that one day they can 3D print more house parts with the new material, so that more used plastic could be turned into something useful. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 1．How many new homes may the world need by 2050 according to the MIT researchers? A．About 1 billion. B．About 2 billion. C．About 3 billion. 2．What is the new material made from? A．Recycled plastic and glass. B．Recycled plastic and wood. C．Recycled plastic and stone. 3．What does the underlined word “sustain” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Increase. B．Avoid. C．Hold. 4．What can we learn about the 3D-printed trusses in the test? A．They were big enough to support house floors. B．They were strong enough for house building. C．They were small enough to be put in a car. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．3D Printing Solves Housing Problems B．Recycled Plastic Finds New Life in Houses C．Recycling Plastic Reduces Environmental Pollution Passage 1 As winter comes, hands can easily get cold. We usually wear thick gloves to keep our hands warm, but do you know how ancient people solved the problem? They used hand warmers. Here is a story. When Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty visited Jiangsu in winter, the local official prepared a small warmer for the emperor to keep out the cold. The warmer could be held in his hands. So the hand warmer was invented. Hand warmers were usually made of bronze (青铜). They had various designs. Round and square shapes were typical. Some hand warmers looked like pumpkins and flowers. Inside a hand warmer, there were burning coals. Some coals were pressed into flower shapes, having a lovely scent (香味) when burned. By the Song Dynasty, the tool was widely used. Skills of producing the tool were improved in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Many poems and books during the periods recorded people using hand warmers. The Dream of the Red Chamber, the classic novel by Cao Xueqin, also featured a girl sending a hand warmer to Lin Daiyu. Zhang Mingqi, an experienced maker of hand warmers, was considered a first-class craftsman in the Qing Dynasty. The tools he made were called Zhang-style hand warmers. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By raising a question. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．A story about the invention of hand warmers. B．The development of ancient hand warmers. C．The wide use of hand warmers in ancient times. D．The rich life of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty. 3．Which of the following isn’t mentioned in the third paragraph? A．Hand warmers’ shapes. B．The materials hand warmers used. C．Hand warmers’ historical value. D．The way hand warmers worked. 4．Which part of a magazine may this passage be taken from? A．Science. B．Culture. C．Fashion. D．Health. Passage 2 Many common solar panels stay fixed in one place. They cannot always face the sun directly. In this way, they may lose nearly 20 percent of possible energy. A middle‑school student called Jason created a low‑cost solar tracker to solve this problem. His special system can follow the sun’s movement without motors, sensors or extra electricity. It makes good use of gravity (重力) and simple water containers (容器). As the sun moves across the sky, water flows slowly inside the containers. The changing weight tilts the solar panel little by little, so it always points toward sunlight. The whole invention uses mostly reused materials and costs less than 25 dollars. Jason compared his tracker with traditional fixed panels in outdoor tests. His simple design could produce about 20 percent more power. However, the new invention still has its limits. It works much better on sunny days, while heavy rain or strong wind may influence its performance. Jason hopes his creation will help poor areas get cheap solar power. He believes simple creative ideas from teenagers can also bring real changes to the world. Science inventions do not always need expensive high‑tech parts. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 1．What disadvantage do common fixed solar panels have? A．They are too heavy to set up B．They may waste some solar energy C．They cost lots of money to produce 2．What material does Jason’s invention mainly use? A．Reused simple materials B．Expensive high‑tech sensors C．Special solar batteries from labs 3．What does the underlined word “limits” mean in Paragraph 3? A．weak points B．secret skills C．big advantages 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Teenagers’ small inventions can be valuable B．Solar trackers can work well in terrible storms C．Expensive parts are necessary for all inventions 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Student’s Low‑cost Solar‑tracking Invention B．Different Ways to Collect Clean Wind Energy C．How Solar Panels Are Produced in Factories Passage 3 Dear Jack, I'm writing to tell you about the creative thinking workshop I attended last week. It was really interesting! The teacher told us that everyone has the ability to think creatively, but we need to practice it. We did a lot of activities. For example, we had to think of 10 different uses for a paper clip. Some people said it could be used to hold papers together, but others thought of using it as a hook or even a small toy. We also learned about some famous thinkers. One of them was Leonardo da Vinci. He was not only a painter but also an inventor. He had many brilliant ideas, like flying machines and underwater suits. The teacher said da Vinci was always observing the world around him and writing down his ideas. I think this workshop has changed the way I think. Now, I try to look at things from different angles. I even started a small notebook to write down my ideas. What do you think about creative thinking? Do you have any interesting ideas to share? Write back soon! Yours, Tom 1．What did Tom attend last week? A．A science competition. B．A creative thinking workshop. C．A painting class. D．An invention show. 2．What activity did Tom do in the workshop? A．He painted a picture. B．He made a flying machine. C．He thought of different uses for a paper clip. D．He wrote a letter to Jack. 3．Who was Leonardo da Vinci? A．A painter and inventor. B．A teacher and scientist. C．A writer and doctor. D．A musician and engineer. 4．What did Tom start doing after the workshop? A．He started collecting paper clips. B．He started reading books about da Vinci. C．He started a notebook to write down his ideas. D．He started inventing small things. 5．Why did Tom write the letter to Jack? A．To ask Jack to join the workshop. B．To tell Jack about his experience in the workshop. C．To borrow a notebook from Jack. D．To share his new invention with Jack. Passage 4 短文填空 On April 19, 2025, Beijing made history by holding the world’s first humanoid robot half-marathon (半程马拉松). About twenty teams from across China took part in the race. Their robots 1 (run) the 21-kilometre race with over 12,000 human runners. These robot runners were 2 different sizes. Some wore special shoes while others used tools to make sure they wouldn’t fall over. The race course included roads, bridges and parks, 3 robots had to face different situations and difficulties. There were many rest 4 (stop) along the way where robots could get the battery (电池) changed. Of all the robot runners, six finished the race. Among 5 (they), Tiangong Ultra, standing 1.8 metres tall, and weighing 55 kilograms, won the race in 2 hours, 40 minutes and 42 seconds. It was 1.5 hours slower than the 6 (fast) human. It fell once during the race, but 7 (quick) got back on its feet and kept on running. Other robots were less 8 (success). They either fell down or ran low on battery. The race wasn’t just for fun, Xiong Youjun, the developer of Tiangong Ultra said, “Our dream was not only to cross the finish line, but also to test key technologies and better prepare robots for human services in 9 future.” Humanoid robots have 10 (see) a large development over the past few years. This marathon has tested how well robots can deal with real-world challenges and shown us how much robots are able to achieve. Passage 5 完形填空 I have invented robots which improve the work of cars. My love of making things began 1 I was a kid. I really became excited about inventing after I learned about Thomas Edison. One day in fourth grade, our 2 gave us a project in class. We had to write to a company and learn about the products. I thought and thought. 3 I chose the Thomas A．Edison Company. Soon after, the company sent me a book about the life of Thomas Edison. How I enjoyed reading and re-reading about his 4 ! I like the recorded sound and the electric light most. My dad noticed my interest in invention and 5 me. He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and then into new things. Once, I surprised my dad 6 a model plane I made. Later, we found a 7 model plane in a store. I learned that different inventors often invent similar things. I also learned that not all great ideas 8 . Failure is a common part of the invention. My dad was quite an inventor himself. He was always 9 a better way to do a simple job. His guiding hands, together with my 10 in invention, led me to become an engineer and inventor. Of course, I also thank Thomas Edison. He is my hero. 1．A．before B．after C．when D．until 2．A．parent B．teacher C．inventor D．engineer 3．A．Easily B．Finally C．Safely D．Quickly 4．A．lights B．projects C．suggestions D．inventions 5．A．mistook B．refused C．chose D．encouraged 6．A．with B．about C．into D．from 7．A．different B．similar C．large D．small 8．A．work B．fail C．come D．end 9．A．looking at B．looking for C．looking after D．looking through 10．A．habit B．story C．interest D．plan 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Great Ideas 人与社会：奇思妙想及发明创造 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 291 介绍了水下跑步机这种特殊的水中运动方式 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 323 介绍了东京一家咖啡馆推出的立式午睡舱产品 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 260 围绕近年来机器人的快速发展展开，开篇用国际风筝节上的机器人表演引出话题 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 291 讲述麻省理工学院研究人员预估2050年全球需大量新建住房，若大量使用木材会破坏雨林，团队研发出回收塑料混合玻璃的新型材料3D打印建筑桁架 模拟演练 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 213 介绍了中国古代暖手炉的起源故事、材质形状、工作原理以及在宋明清时期的发展与文化记载。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 198 介绍中学生Jason发明的低成本太阳能追踪装置 Passage3 阅读理解 应用文 186 Tom写信向Jack介绍创意思维研习班的经历，分享自己的收获与改变。 Passage4 短文填空 说明文 255 介绍了北京举办的世界上的首届人形机器人半程马拉松赛事 Passage5 完形填空 记叙文 225 述了作者从小热爱制作东西，在四年级时因老师布置的项目而深入了解爱迪生 · - Necessity is the mother of invention.（需求是发明之母，最贴合本单元话题） · - Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety‑nine percent perspiration.（爱迪生，发明家主题） · - Imagination is more important than knowledge.（爱因斯坦） ·   A thousand‑li journey begins with a single step. — Lao Tzu 千里之行，始于足下。—— 老子（可以用于说明发明创造也要从点滴尝试做起） · l  He who asks a question is a fool for five minutes; he who does not ask a question remains a fool forever. — Chinese Proverb 问问题的人只是五分钟的愚人；从不发问的人则永远是愚人。—— 中国谚语 · Imagination is more important than knowledge. — Albert Einstein 想象力比知识更重要。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦 · Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety‑nine percent perspiration. — Thomas Edison 天才是百分之一的灵感，加上百分之九十九的汗水。—— 托马斯・爱迪生 · Necessity is the mother of invention. — Ancient English Proverb 需求是发明之母。—— 英语古老谚语 · The best way to predict the future is to invent it. — Alan Kay 预测未来最好的方式就是去创造它。—— 艾伦・凯 · Every great idea starts with a simple question. — Unknown 每一个伟大的想法，都始于一个简单的疑问。—— 佚名 · Failure is the opportunity to begin again more intelligently. — Henry Ford 失败是重新开始的机会，而且可以做得更明智。—— 亨利・福特 · A mind once stretched by a new idea never regains its original dimension. — Oliver Wendell Holmes · 思想一旦被新想法拓展，就再也回不到原来的格局。—— 奥利弗・温德尔・霍姆斯 · Great things are not done by impulse, but by a series of small things brought together. — Vincent van Gogh 伟大的成就并非一时冲动，而是无数小事汇聚而成。—— 文森特・梵高 · You can’t use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have. — Maya Angelou 创造力不会被耗尽，你使用得越多，拥有得就越多。—— 玛雅・安吉洛 · Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything. — George Bernard Shaw 没有改变就不可能进步；不能转变思想的人，什么都改变不了。—— 萧伯纳 Passage A（介绍了水下跑步机这种特殊的水中运动方式） Have you ever heard of a treadmill that works underwater? It’s a special machine that lets you walk or run in water. Water is an excellent place to exercise. You can exercise at slower speeds because moving through water needs more effort. It helps to make your body stronger. At the same time, it supports your body weight, putting less stress on your knees than exercising on land. This makes it a safe way to exercise. For decades, underwater treadmills were popular tools to treat injured (受伤的) animals such as dogs, horses and cats. It was quite strange that for all these years, no one had thought of a design that could be used for humans. The idea for humans came from Dr. Paul Hetrick, who created a machine for his patients. His first patient was Anson Flake, a famous cyclist and runner. With the help of the doctor and the machine, he got better. From then on, these machines have been accepted by more and more people. There are some advantages of underwater treadmills. They are perfect for weight loss, better shape, and improving heart health. They are especially helpful for improvement after an injury, because the water allows for easier movement. It’s also a great choice for older people, as water reduces pressure on the body. ▲ They are mostly found in sports centers or hospitals, because they can be quite expensive, costing from $1,500 to several thousand dollars. The underwater treadmill is more than a machine. It connects sports science with water therapy (治疗). Although it is not very common now, it shows us a creative and friendly way to stay healthy and strong, opening a new door for modern fitness. 1．What is the main advantage of exercising in water? A．It is more fun and less tiring. B．It increases stress on joints. C．It helps to build up the body. D．It allows faster speeds. 2．What does the writer want to tell by mentioning animals in paragraph 3? A．When the design for treating animals began. B．Where the idea for treating patients came from. C．Why underwater treadmills for humans came so late. D．How Dr. Hetrick invented a machine to treat his patients. 3．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ”? A．As a result, treadmills are designed for injured people. B．These treadmills are becoming popular in many families. C．However, these treadmills are not common for home use. D．For these advantages, patients should have such a treadmill. 4．Which is the best title for this passage? A．The Story of Dr. Hetrick. B．The Best Choice for Fitness. C．The Reasons for Exercise. D．A Way of Exercise in Water. 长难句解析 长难句 1 原句：At the same time, it supports your body weight, putting less stress on your knees than exercising on land.同时，水可以承托你的体重，相比在陆地上锻炼，它给膝盖带来的压力更小。 ✅句式拆解： 1. `At the same time` 同时（插入语） 2. 主句：`it supports your body weight` 它承托你的体重 3. `putting less stress on your knees` 现在分词短语作**结果状语**，表示主句带来的结果 4. `than exercising on land` 比较状语，`than` 后接动名词 `exercising`，和前面的 `putting…` 动作对比。 🔑重点短语： - support one’s body weight 承托某人的体重- put stress on… 给…… 施加压力 长难句 2 原句：Although it is not very common now, it shows us a creative and friendly way to stay healthy and strong, opening a new door for modern fitness.尽管它目前还不算普及，但它向我们展示了一种新颖又温和的方式来保持身体健康强壮，为现代健身打开了一扇新的大门。 ✅句式拆解： 1. `Although it is not very common now` 让步状语从句：although 引导，意为 “尽管、虽然”，不能和 but 连用 2. to stay healthy and strong` 不定式作后置定语，修饰 way，…… 的方式 3. `opening a new door for modern fitness` 现在分词短语作结果状语，表达主句带来的后续结果。 【答案与解析】 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了水下跑步机这种特殊的水中运动方式，涵盖了它的运动优势、从用于动物治疗到面向人类使用的发展历程、适用人群以及当前的普及现状，向读者展示了这种结合运动科学与水疗的创新健身方式。 【详解】1．第二段“It helps to make your body stronger.”可推知，水中锻炼的主要优势是帮助增强体质。 2．第三段“For decades, underwater treadmills were popular tools to treat injured animals such as dogs, horses and cats. It was quite strange that for all these years, no one had thought of a design that could be used for humans.”，作者提及动物使用水下跑步机的背景，是为了解释面向人类的水下跑步机出现得如此晚的原因。 3．第五段“They are mostly found in sports centers or hospitals, because they can be quite expensive, costing from $1,500 to several thousand dollars.”，设空处内容应起到承上启下的转折作用，说明这类跑步机并不常见于家庭使用。 4．通读全文，文章全程围绕水下跑步机这种特殊的水中运动方式展开介绍，涵盖其原理、优势、发展历程和现状，“A Way of Exercise in Water”符合语境。 译文 你听说过水下跑步机吗？这是一种可以让你在水里行走或跑步的特殊机器。 水是绝佳的运动场所。你可以用较慢的速度锻炼，因为在水中移动需要耗费更多力气。它有助于增强你的体质。同时，水可以承托你的体重，相比在陆地上锻炼，它给膝盖带来的压力更小。这让它成为一种安全的锻炼方式。 数十年来，水下跑步机一直是治疗狗、马、猫等受伤动物的常用设备。十分奇怪的是，这么多年以来，竟没有人设计出可供人类使用的款式。供人类使用的水下跑步机这一想法出自保罗・赫特里克博士，他为自己的病人发明了这款机器。他的第一位病人是安森・弗莱克，一位著名的自行车运动员兼赛跑选手。在医生和这台机器的帮助下，他康复了。从那以后，这类机器被越来越多的人所接受。 水下跑步机有诸多优点。它们非常适合减重、塑造更好的体态以及改善心脏健康。它们对受伤后的恢复尤其有帮助，因为水能够让运动变得更加轻松。对于老年人来说，这也是一个很好的选择，因为水会减轻身体承受的压力。 ▲ 它们大多出现在运动中心或者医院里，因为设备价格相当昂贵，售价在 1500 美元到数千美元不等。 水下跑步机不仅仅是一台机器。它将运动科学与水疗结合在一起。尽管它目前还不算普及，但它向我们展示了一种新颖又温和的方式来保持身体健康强壮，为现代健身打开了一扇新的大门。 Passage B（东京一家咖啡馆推出的立式午睡舱产品） Do you ever get sleepy during the day and wish you could have a quick nap before going back to work? Well, a cafe (咖啡馆) in Tokyo may have the answer to your problem. Since August 22 in 2023, the cafe has had special “nap boxes” in which customers can take a short nap. However, customers don’t lie down for these naps, but sleep while standing, with their head and body supported by cushions (垫子). The nap boxes, made by Koyoju Plywood Corporation, are called Giraffenap boxes — maybe because giraffes actually take short naps while standing up. But why sleep standing up? Well, for one thing, it saves space. Giraffenap boxes are about the size of a public phone booth (电话亭), so there’s no need for a special sleeping room with beds. Also, according to the Giraffenap website, napping while standing is better for short naps. If you lie down to sleep, you might sleep too deeply and find it hard to wake up. But if you sleep while standing, your nap will be lighter and you will wake up feeling refreshed, the site (网站) says. The cafe also wants people to try taking “coffee naps” at the cafe. The idea is to have some coffee just before you take your nap. This might seem strange since the caffeine (咖啡因) in coffee usually keeps people awake. However, after you drink a cup of coffee, it actually takes around 20 minutes for the caffeine to have any effect (作用) on your body. So if you take a 20-minute nap right after drinking coffee, the caffeine will help you wake up. In fact, studies have shown that drinking coffee before a nap is more refreshing (恢复精力) than just taking a nap or just having a cup of coffee! 1．The underlined word “nap” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．walk B．shower C．sleep D．cut 2．How many reasons of sleeping standing up are mentioned (提及) in Paragraph 3? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．You can see the special “nap boxes” in Australia. B．Giraffenap boxes were invented in August 22 in 2024. C．It’s easier to wake up if you sleep while standing than lying down. D．Drinking coffee is always helpful to wake up when you take a nap. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Tokyo’s Standing Nap Cafe B．Coffee Naps for Workers C．Giraffe Sleep Solutions D．Caffeine for Short Naps 【答案与解析】 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了东京一家咖啡馆推出的立式午睡舱产品，讲解站立午睡的优势以及咖啡午睡的原理。 【详解】1．第一段提到“Do you ever get sleepy during the day and wish you could have a quick nap before going back to work?”，句中前文出现sleepy (困倦的) 语境，结合后文多处出现sleep描述休息行为，可推断nap指“小憩”，和sleep词义一致。 2．第三段提到“Well, for one thing, it saves space”以及“If you lie down to sleep… your nap will be lighter and you will wake up feeling refreshed”，由此能梳理出两条提及的原因，一是节省空间，二是更适合短午睡、不易睡沉难苏醒，共计两点。 3．第三段提到“If you lie down to sleep, you might sleep too deeply and find it hard to wake up. But if you sleep while standing, your nap will be lighter and you will wake up feeling refreshed”，可推知站立睡觉相比躺下睡觉更容易醒来。 4．全文围绕东京这家提供立式午睡服务的咖啡馆展开介绍，“Tokyo’s Standing Nap Cafe”最贴合文章核心主题。 译文 你是否白天会犯困，希望能小睡片刻再回去工作？那么，东京的一家咖啡馆或许能解决你的烦恼。 自 2023 年 8 月 22 日起，这家咖啡馆配备了特制的 “小憩舱”，顾客可以在里面短暂小睡。不过，顾客并不是躺着睡觉，而是站着睡，头部和身体由垫子支撑。这些小憩舱由 Koyoju 胶合板公司制造，名叫 Giraffenap（长颈鹿小憩舱）—— 或许是因为现实中的长颈鹿本来就会站着短暂打盹。 但为什么要站着睡觉呢？一方面，这样节省空间。长颈鹿小憩舱大约只有公用电话亭那么大，因此不需要配备床铺的专用睡眠房间。此外，据 Giraffenap 官网介绍，站着睡觉更适合短时小憩。如果你躺下睡觉，可能会睡得过沉，很难醒过来。但官网称，如果你站着睡觉，睡眠会更浅，醒来后会感觉神清气爽。 这家咖啡馆还希望顾客在这里体验 “咖啡小憩”。这个做法就是在小睡之前喝些咖啡。这听起来似乎很奇怪，因为咖啡里的咖啡因通常会让人保持清醒。然而，喝完一杯咖啡后，咖啡因实际上大约需要 20 分钟才会对身体产生作用。所以，如果你喝完咖啡立刻小睡 20 分钟，咖啡因就会帮你清醒过来。 事实上，研究表明：小睡前喝咖啡，比单纯睡觉或者单纯喝一杯咖啡，更能让人恢复精力！ 一、单元课本核心原句（必背，贴合本单元被动语态） 1. It was invented by a great inventor.它是由一位伟大的发明家发明的。 2. It was invented in ancient China.它发明于古代中国。 3. It is used for recording information.它被用来记录信息。 4. Great ideas change people’s lives in many ways.伟大的想法在很多方面改变人们的生活。 5. The invention has a great influence on the whole world.这项发明对全世界有着重大影响。 二、写作基础佳句（适合中等学生，描述发明、创意） 1. Every great invention comes from a simple great idea.每一项伟大的发明都源于一个简单的奇思妙想。 2. Inventions make our life easier and more comfortable.发明让我们的生活更轻松、更舒适。 3. Many great ideas come from careful observation of daily life.许多伟大的想法来自对日常生活的仔细观察。 4. Some inventions were created to solve people’s problems.一些发明是为了解决人们的难题而被创造出来的。 5. The invention not only brings convenience but also pushes society forward. 这项发明不仅带来便利，还推动社会向前发展。 6. It took people years to improve this great invention.人们花费数年时间去改进这项伟大的发明。 三、写作提升佳句（高分，适合作文开头、中间、结尾） ✨开头句 1. Throughout history, great ideas and inventions have greatly changed the world we live in. 纵观历史，奇思妙想与伟大发明极大地改变了我们所生活的世界。 2. It is hard to imagine what our life would be like without important inventions. 很难想象，如果没有重要的发明，我们的生活会是什么样子。 ✨中间描述（谈发明过程、价值） 1. Creators usually meet lots of difficulties before their ideas finally come true. 创造者在想法最终实现之前，往往会遭遇许多困难。 2. Some ancient Chinese inventions have made a big difference to world civilization. 一些中国古代发明对世界文明产生了重大作用。 3. Not all great ideas come from scientists. Common people can also create amazing things. 并非所有伟大的想法都出自科学家。普通人也能创造出了不起的事物。 ✨结尾升华句（高频作文收尾） 1. As students, we should learn to think actively and come up with our own great ideas. 作为学生，我们应当学会积极思考，产生属于自己的奇思妙想。 2. We should keep an open mind for new ideas and never be afraid of trying new things. 我们要接纳新想法，永远不要害怕尝试新事物。 3. One small creative idea might become an invention that changes the world one day. 一个小小的创意，或许有朝一日会成为改变世界的发明。 四、话题名言佳句（作文点睛，可放在段首 / 结尾） 1. Necessity is the mother of invention. 需求是发明之母。—— 英语谚语 2. Imagination is more important than knowledge. 想象力比知识更重要。——Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦 3. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety‑nine percent perspiration. 天才是百分之一的灵感，加百分之九十九的汗水。——Thomas Edison 爱迪生 4. The best way to predict the future is to invent it. 预测未来最好的办法就是去创造未来。——Alan Kay 艾伦・凯 Passage1 （2026·河北·中考真题）A Chinese robot became the unexpected star in an international kite festival. At the beginning of the festival, the robot held the string (线) of a kite flying in the sky and made up-and-down movements. The show lasted for 20 minutes and drew crowds of visitors to take photos. The robot in the international festival is a good example of human-like robots. In recent years, human-like running robots have greatly improved and surprised the world. This year, a robot from a Chinese company broke the men’s record for the half-marathon (半程马拉松). In another event, a robot, also from a Chinese company, came close to the men’s 100-meter world record. Robots are not just for flying a kite or running in competitions. They are also helping on farms. Picking tomatoes is tiring work for humans. Now farming robots can help with it. The robots first get information about the tomatoes on their own. The information is about whether the tomatoes are ripe (成熟的) or not and whether there is any tomato hidden behind leaves. With the information, the robots can work out the most effective way to pick the fruit. When picking tomatoes, the robots must choose ripe tomatoes and leave unripe ones untouched. There are many reasons for the rapid improvement of robots in recent years. The cost of building robots has fallen a lot. New computer chips allow machines to perform better. With the development of technology, robots are playing an increasingly important role in everyday life. 1．What did the robot do in the international kite festival? A．It made kites. B．It flew a kite. C．It hosted a kite show. D．It took photos of kites. 2．What did the two human-like running robots have in common? A．Coming from Chinese companies. B．Breaking the men’s running records. C．Taking part in an international festival. D．Winning first place in the half-marathon. 3．What is the first step for the robots to pick tomatoes? A．Finding hidden leaves. B．Learning farming methods. C．Collecting information. D．Taking away fallen tomatoes. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The future of robot industry. B．An international kite festival. C．The rapid development of robots. D．A race between robots and humans. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要围绕近年来机器人的快速发展展开，开篇用国际风筝节上的机器人表演引出话题，接着举例介绍了不同领域的机器人发展，最后分析了机器人近年快速进步的原因，点明机器人已经在人们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。 【详解】1．根据第一段第二句“the robot held the string of a kite flying in the sky and made up-and-down movements”可知，机器人在风筝节上放了风筝。 2．根据第二段第三句“a robot from a Chinese company broke the men’s record...”和第四句“a robot, also from a Chinese company, came close to...”可知，这两个类人跑步机器人的共同点是都来自中国公司。 3．根据第三段第五句“The robots first get information about the tomatoes on their own”可知，摘番茄的第一步是收集信息。 4．文章通过风筝节表演、跑步比赛纪录、农场摘番茄三个实例展示了机器人的能力，并在最后一段总结了机器人快速进步的原因，全文主要围绕机器人的快速发展展开。 Passage2 （2026·广西·中考真题） Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have estimated (估计) that the world may need about 1 billion new homes by 2050. According to a researcher from MIT, if people use wood to make so many homes, more than three times the size of the Amazon rainforest may be cut. The MIT researchers tried to find other materials to take the place of wood to make house parts. And they found recycled plastic could play a role. The MIT team discovered that recycled plastic mixed with bits of glass could be used as a new material to make trusses (桁架)—supports put under floors to make sure that the floors can carry the weight of everything on them. The MIT team wanted to know how much weight the trusses could carry. In a test, they 3D printed four trusses with the new material. Each truss weighed only about 6 kg—lighter than a comparable wooden truss. The team put the four trusses under a wooden floor model and slowly added heavy weights on the floor. Through the test, the team found the four trusses could sustain objects weighing more than 1,800 kg—about the weight of a car. This showed trusses made from the new material were strong enough to be used in house building in America. The finding may benefit house building a lot. It will be much easier to send house parts made from this new material to different places. What’s more, the researchers say it is possible to bring down the cost of making house parts. The researchers hope that one day they can 3D print more house parts with the new material, so that more used plastic could be turned into something useful. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 1．How many new homes may the world need by 2050 according to the MIT researchers? A．About 1 billion. B．About 2 billion. C．About 3 billion. 2．What is the new material made from? A．Recycled plastic and glass. B．Recycled plastic and wood. C．Recycled plastic and stone. 3．What does the underlined word “sustain” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Increase. B．Avoid. C．Hold. 4．What can we learn about the 3D-printed trusses in the test? A．They were big enough to support house floors. B．They were strong enough for house building. C．They were small enough to be put in a car. 5．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．3D Printing Solves Housing Problems B．Recycled Plastic Finds New Life in Houses C．Recycling Plastic Reduces Environmental Pollution 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述麻省理工学院研究人员预估2050年全球需大量新建住房，若大量使用木材会破坏雨林，团队研发出回收塑料混合玻璃的新型材料3D打印建筑桁架，测试证实其承重达标，该材料还具备运输、成本优势，可回收废旧塑料用于建房。 【详解】1．第一段首句“Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have estimated that the world may need about 1 billion new homes by 2050.”，直接说明到2050年全球大约需要10亿套新建住房。 2．第二段“The MIT team discovered that recycled plastic mixed with bits of glass could be used as a new material to make trusses”，表明新材料由回收塑料和玻璃碎料混合制成。 3．第三段实验描述：团队在地板模型上不断加重物，桁架能够sustain超1800千克的物体，结合后文证明桁架承重合格，该词意为“支撑、承受”，与hold同义。 4．第三段末句“This showed trusses made from the new material were strong enough to be used in house building in America.”，说明3D打印桁架强度足以用于房屋建造，文中未提及尺寸大小、可放进汽车相关内容。 5．全文核心围绕回收塑料搭配玻璃制作建房材料展开，A夸大3D打印作用，C只侧重环保污染未体现建房核心，“Recycled Plastic Finds New Life in Houses”精准概括文章主线，为最佳标题。 Passage 1 As winter comes, hands can easily get cold. We usually wear thick gloves to keep our hands warm, but do you know how ancient people solved the problem? They used hand warmers. Here is a story. When Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty visited Jiangsu in winter, the local official prepared a small warmer for the emperor to keep out the cold. The warmer could be held in his hands. So the hand warmer was invented. Hand warmers were usually made of bronze (青铜). They had various designs. Round and square shapes were typical. Some hand warmers looked like pumpkins and flowers. Inside a hand warmer, there were burning coals. Some coals were pressed into flower shapes, having a lovely scent (香味) when burned. By the Song Dynasty, the tool was widely used. Skills of producing the tool were improved in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Many poems and books during the periods recorded people using hand warmers. The Dream of the Red Chamber, the classic novel by Cao Xueqin, also featured a girl sending a hand warmer to Lin Daiyu. Zhang Mingqi, an experienced maker of hand warmers, was considered a first-class craftsman in the Qing Dynasty. The tools he made were called Zhang-style hand warmers. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By raising a question. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．A story about the invention of hand warmers. B．The development of ancient hand warmers. C．The wide use of hand warmers in ancient times. D．The rich life of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty. 3．Which of the following isn’t mentioned in the third paragraph? A．Hand warmers’ shapes. B．The materials hand warmers used. C．Hand warmers’ historical value. D．The way hand warmers worked. 4．Which part of a magazine may this passage be taken from? A．Science. B．Culture. C．Fashion. D．Health. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了中国古代暖手炉的起源故事、材质形状、工作原理以及在宋明清时期的发展与文化记载。 【详解】1．根据第一段“but do you know how ancient people solved the problem?”可知，作者通过提出问题的方式引出下文关于暖手炉的介绍。 2．根据第二段“Here is a story...So the hand warmer was invented.”可知，本段主要讲述了隋朝皇帝时期暖手炉发明的故事。 3．根据第三段“Hand warmers were usually made of bronze… Round and square shapes were typical… Inside a hand warmer, there were burning coals.”可知，文中提到了材质、形状和工作原理，未提及历史价值。 4．根据全文涉及古代发明、朝代历史及文学作品记载等内容可推知，文章主要介绍传统文化，可能出自杂志的文化板块。 Passage 2 Many common solar panels stay fixed in one place. They cannot always face the sun directly. In this way, they may lose nearly 20 percent of possible energy. A middle‑school student called Jason created a low‑cost solar tracker to solve this problem. His special system can follow the sun’s movement without motors, sensors or extra electricity. It makes good use of gravity (重力) and simple water containers (容器). As the sun moves across the sky, water flows slowly inside the containers. The changing weight tilts the solar panel little by little, so it always points toward sunlight. The whole invention uses mostly reused materials and costs less than 25 dollars. Jason compared his tracker with traditional fixed panels in outdoor tests. His simple design could produce about 20 percent more power. However, the new invention still has its limits. It works much better on sunny days, while heavy rain or strong wind may influence its performance. Jason hopes his creation will help poor areas get cheap solar power. He believes simple creative ideas from teenagers can also bring real changes to the world. Science inventions do not always need expensive high‑tech parts. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 1．What disadvantage do common fixed solar panels have? A．They are too heavy to set up B．They may waste some solar energy C．They cost lots of money to produce 2．What material does Jason’s invention mainly use? A．Reused simple materials B．Expensive high‑tech sensors C．Special solar batteries from labs 3．What does the underlined word “limits” mean in Paragraph 3? A．weak points B．secret skills C．big advantages 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．Teenagers’ small inventions can be valuable B．Solar trackers can work well in terrible storms C．Expensive parts are necessary for all inventions 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Student’s Low‑cost Solar‑tracking Invention B．Different Ways to Collect Clean Wind Energy C．How Solar Panels Are Produced in Factories 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文介绍中学生Jason发明的低成本太阳能追踪装置，它利用重力和容器中水的流动，让太阳能板追随太阳，提升发电效率，同时也说明了这项发明的不足以及发明者的期望。 【详解】1．原文第一段提到“Many common solar panels stay fixed in one place. They cannot always face the sun directly. In this way, they may lose nearly 20 percent of possible energy.”，说明了普通固定太阳能板会损失、浪费一部分太阳能。 2．原文第三段提到“The whole invention uses mostly reused materials and costs less than 25 dollars.”，说明了Jason的发明主要使用可重复利用的简易材料。 3．原文第三段提到“However, the new invention still has its limits. It works much better on sunny days, while heavy rain or strong wind may influence its performance.”，后面讲述这个发明在大雨大风环境会受影响，这是它的弱点、缺点，所以limits意为weak points。 4．原文第四段提到“He believes simple creative ideas from teenagers can also bring real changes to the world.”，可以推断出青少年的小发明也可以很有价值。 5．全文围绕中学生Jason的低成本太阳能追踪发明展开介绍，最佳标题为A Student’s Low‑cost Solar‑tracking Invention。 Passage 3 Dear Jack, I'm writing to tell you about the creative thinking workshop I attended last week. It was really interesting! The teacher told us that everyone has the ability to think creatively, but we need to practice it. We did a lot of activities. For example, we had to think of 10 different uses for a paper clip. Some people said it could be used to hold papers together, but others thought of using it as a hook or even a small toy. We also learned about some famous thinkers. One of them was Leonardo da Vinci. He was not only a painter but also an inventor. He had many brilliant ideas, like flying machines and underwater suits. The teacher said da Vinci was always observing the world around him and writing down his ideas. I think this workshop has changed the way I think. Now, I try to look at things from different angles. I even started a small notebook to write down my ideas. What do you think about creative thinking? Do you have any interesting ideas to share? Write back soon! Yours, Tom 1．What did Tom attend last week? A．A science competition. B．A creative thinking workshop. C．A painting class. D．An invention show. 2．What activity did Tom do in the workshop? A．He painted a picture. B．He made a flying machine. C．He thought of different uses for a paper clip. D．He wrote a letter to Jack. 3．Who was Leonardo da Vinci? A．A painter and inventor. B．A teacher and scientist. C．A writer and doctor. D．A musician and engineer. 4．What did Tom start doing after the workshop? A．He started collecting paper clips. B．He started reading books about da Vinci. C．He started a notebook to write down his ideas. D．He started inventing small things. 5．Why did Tom write the letter to Jack? A．To ask Jack to join the workshop. B．To tell Jack about his experience in the workshop. C．To borrow a notebook from Jack. D．To share his new invention with Jack. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是应用文，Tom写信向Jack介绍创意思维研习班的经历，分享自己的收获与改变。 【详解】1．根据信件第一段第一句“I’m writing to tell you about the creative thinking workshop I attended last week.”可知，Tom上周参加的是一个创意思维工作坊（creative thinking workshop）。 2．根据第二段第二、三句“We did a lot of activities. For example, we had to think of 10 different uses for a paper clip.”可知，Tom在工作坊中进行的活动之一是思考回形针的不同用途。 3．根据第三段第二、三句“One of them was Leonardo da Vinci. He was not only a painter but also an inventor.”可知，达·芬奇不仅是一位画家，也是一位发明家。 4．根据第四段最后一句“I even started a small notebook to write down my ideas.”可知，Tom 在参加工作坊后开始准备一个笔记本用来记录自己的想法。 5．根据信件开头“I’m writing to tell you about the creative thinking workshop I attended last week.”以及全文内容可知，Tom写信的主要目的是告诉Jack他参加工作坊的经历和收获。 Passage 4 短文填空 On April 19, 2025, Beijing made history by holding the world’s first humanoid robot half-marathon (半程马拉松). About twenty teams from across China took part in the race. Their robots 1 (run) the 21-kilometre race with over 12,000 human runners. These robot runners were 2 different sizes. Some wore special shoes while others used tools to make sure they wouldn’t fall over. The race course included roads, bridges and parks, 3 robots had to face different situations and difficulties. There were many rest 4 (stop) along the way where robots could get the battery (电池) changed. Of all the robot runners, six finished the race. Among 5 (they), Tiangong Ultra, standing 1.8 metres tall, and weighing 55 kilograms, won the race in 2 hours, 40 minutes and 42 seconds. It was 1.5 hours slower than the 6 (fast) human. It fell once during the race, but 7 (quick) got back on its feet and kept on running. Other robots were less 8 (success). They either fell down or ran low on battery. The race wasn’t just for fun, Xiong Youjun, the developer of Tiangong Ultra said, “Our dream was not only to cross the finish line, but also to test key technologies and better prepare robots for human services in 9 future.” Humanoid robots have 10 (see) a large development over the past few years. This marathon has tested how well robots can deal with real-world challenges and shown us how much robots are able to achieve. 【答案】 1.ran 2.of 3.so 4.stops 5.them 6.fastest 7.quickly 8.successful 9.the 10．seen 【导语】本文主要介绍了北京举办的世界上的首届人形机器人半程马拉松赛事，讲述了机器人的参赛情况，并说明了赛事的意义。 【详解】1．句意：它们的机器人与一万两千多名人类选手一同跑完了21公里的赛程。run“跑”，是动词，在句中作谓语，由“On April 19, 2025”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以此处用其过去式ran。 2．句意：这些机器人参赛者有不同的尺寸。be of different sizes是固定搭配，意为“有着不同的尺寸”，符合语境，故填of。 3．句意：赛道包括公路、桥梁和公园，所以机器人不得不面对不同的状况和困难。前句说明赛道包含多种地形，后句引出由此带来的结果，so“所以”，符合语境。 4．句意：沿途有许多休息站，机器人可以在那里更换电池。stop“站点”，是可数名词，many后接可数名词的复数形式，所以此处应填其复数形式stops。 5．句意：在它们当中，1.8米高、55千克重的天工Ultra，用时2小时40分42秒跑完了全程。they“它们”，是主格，介词among后要用人称代词的宾格形式，所以此处应填其宾格形式them。 6．句意：这比最快的人类选手慢了1.5小时。fast“快的”，是形容词，the后要用形容词的最高级，所以此处应填其最高级形式fastest。 7．句意：它曾经在比赛中摔倒，但很快重新站起，继续奔跑。quick“快的”，是形容词，此处修饰动词短语got back on its feet，要用其副词形式quickly。 8．句意：其他机器人就没有那么成功了。success“成功”，是名词，be动词后接形容词作表语，less后接形容词原级，其形容词形式为successful。 9．句意：我们的梦想不只是冲过终点线，也是去测试关键技术，让机器人更好地为未来的人类服务。in the future是固定短语，意为“在未来”，符合语境，故填the。 10．句意：在过去的几年里，人形机器人已经见证了巨大的发展。see“看见，见证”，动词，“over the past few years”是现在完成时的标志，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，所以此处应填其过去分词seen。 Passage 5 完形填空 I have invented robots which improve the work of cars. My love of making things began 1 I was a kid. I really became excited about inventing after I learned about Thomas Edison. One day in fourth grade, our 2 gave us a project in class. We had to write to a company and learn about the products. I thought and thought. 3 I chose the Thomas A．Edison Company. Soon after, the company sent me a book about the life of Thomas Edison. How I enjoyed reading and re-reading about his 4 ! I like the recorded sound and the electric light most. My dad noticed my interest in invention and 5 me. He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and then into new things. Once, I surprised my dad 6 a model plane I made. Later, we found a 7 model plane in a store. I learned that different inventors often invent similar things. I also learned that not all great ideas 8 . Failure is a common part of the invention. My dad was quite an inventor himself. He was always 9 a better way to do a simple job. His guiding hands, together with my 10 in invention, led me to become an engineer and inventor. Of course, I also thank Thomas Edison. He is my hero. 1．A．before B．after C．when D．until 2．A．parent B．teacher C．inventor D．engineer 3．A．Easily B．Finally C．Safely D．Quickly 4．A．lights B．projects C．suggestions D．inventions 5．A．mistook B．refused C．chose D．encouraged 6．A．with B．about C．into D．from 7．A．different B．similar C．large D．small 8．A．work B．fail C．come D．end 9．A．looking at B．looking for C．looking after D．looking through 10．A．habit B．story C．interest D．plan 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者从小热爱制作东西，在四年级时因老师布置的项目而深入了解爱迪生，并在父亲的鼓励和指导下，将兴趣转化为职业，最终成为一名工程师和发明家的故事。 【详解】1．句意：我对制作东西的热爱始于我还是个孩子的时候。 根据上下文可知，此处表达的是时间状语，指“当我是孩子的时候”。before意为“在……之前”，after意为“在……之后”，until意为“直到”，均不符合语境；when意为“当……时候”，符合语境。 2．句意：四年级的一天，我们的老师在课堂上给了我们一个项目。 根据常识及“in class”可知，给学生布置项目的通常是老师。parent意为“家长”，inventor意为“发明家”，engineer意为“工程师”，均不符合语境；teacher意为“老师”，符合语境。 3．句意：我想了又想。最后我选择了托马斯·爱迪生公司。 根据前文“I thought and thought.”可知，经过深思熟虑后做出的决定。Easily意为“容易地”，Safely意为“安全地”，Quickly意为“迅速地”，均不符合语境；Finally意为“最后，终于”，符合语境。 4．句意：我是多么喜欢反复阅读关于他的发明的书啊！ 根据后文提到的“recorded sound and the electric light”可知，这些都是爱迪生的发明。lights意为“灯”，projects意为“项目”，suggestions意为“建议”，均不符合语境；inventions意为“发明”，符合语境。 5．句意：我爸爸注意到了我对发明的兴趣并鼓励了我。 根据后文“He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans...”可知，父亲是在支持和引导作者。mistook意为“弄错”，refused意为“拒绝”，chose意为“选择”，均不符合语境；encouraged意为“鼓励”，符合语境。 6．句意：有一次，我用我做的飞机模型给了爸爸一个惊喜。 固定搭配“surprise sb. with sth.”意为“用某物给某人惊喜”。about意为“关于”，into意为“进入”，from意为“来自”，均不符合搭配；with符合语境。 7．句意：后来，我们在商店里发现了一个相似的飞机模型。 根据后文“I learned that different inventors often invent similar things.”可知，此处指发现了相似的模型。different意为“不同的”，large意为“大的”，small意为“小的”，均不符合语境；similar意为“相似的”，符合语境。 8．句意：我也了解到并不是所有的好主意都能奏效。 根据后文“Failure is a common part of the invention.”可知，并不是所有想法都能成功。fail意为“失败”，come意为“来”，end意为“结束”，均不符合语境；work在此处意为“奏效、起作用”，符合语境。 9．句意：他总是在寻找一种做简单工作的更好方法。 根据语境，父亲作为发明家，总是在探索更好的方法。looking at意为“看着”，looking after意为“照顾”，looking through意为“浏览”，均不符合语境；looking for意为“寻找”，符合语境。 10．句意：他的引导之手，加上我对发明的兴趣，引导我成为了一名工程师和发明家。 根据前文“My dad noticed my interest in invention...”可知，这里指的是作者对发明的兴趣。habit意为“习惯”，story意为“故事”，plan意为“计划”，均不符合语境；interest意为“兴趣”，符合语境。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $