Unit 3 Great Ideas 后缀-en和被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时）（核心语法精练）英语新教材仁爱版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦后缀-en构词法与被动语态（现/过去时），以"知识回顾-考点夯基-综合提升"为逻辑链，融合方法提炼与情境应用，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|后缀-en动词/形容词转化表、被动语态公式表|后缀-en"使役/材质"判断法、被动语态四步转换法|从构词规则（形/名+en）到语法公式（be+done），构建"规则-例释-技巧"认知链| |考点夯基|填空/单选/完成句子（各15-20题）|词性判断（谓语用动词/定语用形容词）、时态标志词定位法|通过基础题型强化"规则应用-错题警示"（如wooden不可用wood），衔接中考高频语境| |综合提升|语法选择（1篇）、短文填空（2篇）|语境化语法迁移（如科技/发明主题语篇）|以语篇为载体，整合构词与被动语态，培养分析与解决问题的思维品质|

Unit 3 Great Ideas 核心语法精练 后缀-en和被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、选词填空 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 考点一 后缀-en 后缀‑en 构词法 本单元两大用法： ①形容词 +‑en → 动词，含义：“使……；变得……”； ②名词 +‑en → 形容词，含义：“由…… 制成的”。 1. 原词（形/名） 加 -en 后（动词） 例句（中考高频语境） wide（宽的） widen（加宽） The road needs to be widened.（路需要加宽。） sharp（锋利的） sharpen（削尖；使敏锐） You can sharpen your pencil with this knife. deep（深的） deepen（加深） This event will deepen our friendship.（这件事将加深我们的友谊。） quick（快的） quicken（加快） His pulse quickened when he saw her. soft（软的） soften（软化） Please soften your tone.（请软化你的语气。） hard（硬的） harden（变硬） The glue will harden in an hour. short（adj. 短的） shorten（v. 缩短） We can shorten our study time and rest more.我们可以缩短学习时间，多休息一会儿。 Bright （adj. 明亮的） brighten（v. 使明亮，点亮） The sun brightens the whole room.阳光点亮了整个房间。 dark（adj. 黑暗的） darken（v. 变暗，使变黑） The heavy clouds darkened the sky.厚厚的乌云让天空变暗了。 sweet（adj. 甜的） sweeten（v. 使变甜） You can add some honey to sweeten the tea.你可以加一点蜂蜜让茶变甜。 quick（adj. 快的） quicken（v. 加快） Please quicken your pace, or you will be late.请加快脚步，否则你会迟到。 核心词义：由……制成的、……材质的（强调材质、原料） 语法特征：转化后为形容词，作定语修饰名词，多用于描述物品材质。 原词（名） 加 -en 后（形） 例句（极易错） wood（木头） wooden（木制的） This is a wooden desk.（不能说 wood desk！） wool（羊毛） woolen（羊毛制的） I need a woolen sweater. gold（金子） golden（金制的；金色的） She has golden hair.（注意：金鱼是 goldfish，但金发是 golden hair） silk（n. 丝绸） silken（adj. 丝质的，柔软光滑的） This dress feels silken and comfortable.这条裙子触感丝滑、十分舒适。 中考拼写解题技巧 1. 句意判断：句子出现“使、变得、拓宽、加深、增强”等使役含义，优先考虑加后缀-en变动词。 2. 词性判断：空格缺谓语动词，形容词词根→加en；空格缺定语形容词，材质名词词根→加en。 3. 特殊记忆：long→lengthen、strong→strengthen 两个特殊变形，单独背诵，考场零出错。 考点二 被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时） 基本概念 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者。We invent new things. 我们发明新事物。 被动语：主语是动作的承受者。New things are invented by us. 新事物被我们发明。 被动语态通用公式：be + 及物动词过去分词 (done)；`by+动作执行者`，不需要知道执行者时可以省略。 > ⚠️不及物动词（happen, take place, appear, belong to）没有被动语态 项目 一般现在时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 构成 am / is / are + done was / were + done be 动词选用 I → am单数 / 不可数名词 → is复数 /you → are 单数 / I → was复数 /you → were 否定句 am/is/are not + done was/were not + done 一般疑问句 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + done…? Was / Were + 主语 + done…? 时间标志词 every day, often, usually, always, now yesterday, …ago, last…, in + 过去年份 例句 Paper is made from wood.纸由木头制成。 Papermaking technology was improved by Cai Lun.造纸术被蔡伦改良。 被动语态的用法 1．强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The new building is being built by the workers.这座新楼正在由工人们建造。 2．不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 3．出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作执行者是谁。 Enough has been said here of this question．关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。 4．文章标题、广告、新闻标题等常用省略助动词be的被动语态。 Girls Wanted．招女工。 5．在上下文中，为了使句子间衔接紧密常用被动语态。 The headmaster often talked to the students and was always listened to attentively.  校长经常和学生们谈话，学生们总是留心听他讲。 6．固定句式中常用被动语态，如It is said that……（据说……），It is/was reported that……（据报道），It is well-known that……（众所周知……）等。 It is said that she is 109 years old.据说她已经109岁了。 1. 主动句的宾语 → 变为被动句主语 2. 确定时态，选对 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were） 3. 谓语动词变为过去分词 (done) 4. 原主动句主语放 by 后，作宾语；不重要可省略 例句：People invent many new tools.（主动） → Many new tools are invented by people.（被动）人们发明很多新工具→很多新工具被人们发明。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．—Excuse me, sir. When can we have a swim in the pool? —Not until it ________ (repair) next month. 2．The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird’s Nest, ________ (build) for the 2008 Olympic Games. 3．His ________ (achieve) surprised all people. 4．We need to ________ (wide) the road to let more cars pass. 5．Practicing every day can ________ (sharp) your skills of inventing things. 6．Rain and wind ________ (dark) the color of the old wall many years ago. 7．We should ________ (broad) our horizons by learning new things. 8．The teacher’s words ________ (strength) our confidence in our study yesterday. 9．The new technology ________ (soft) the hard material successfully last year. 10．More reading will ________ (broad) your mind and improve your creativity. 11．The new policy ________ (bright) the future of young inventors. 12．They decided ________ (deep) the discussion about the new invention. 13．Yuan Longping made important ________ (contribute) to agriculture. 14．Everyone hopes for social ________ (progress). 15．My teacher always ________ (encourage) me to keep trying. 16．He is a ________ (create) boy and he likes ________ (create) new things. 17．With the fast ________ (develop) of science, our life becomes better. 18．It’s hard for me ________ (imagine) life without lights. 19．One of his great ________ (invent) changed people’s life greatly. 20．We should admire the ________ (wise) of ancient Chinese people. 二、单项选择。 1．随着他长大，他的头脑装满了关于宇宙的问题。 As he grew older, his mind was ________ ________ questions about the universe. 2．如今，智能技术在本地的垃圾分类中被广泛应用。 Nowadays, smart technology is ____________ in local garbage sorting. 3．这个垃圾桶的外壳是由再生塑料制成的。 The shell of this trash bin ____________ recycled plastic. 4．去年，一场精彩的青少年科技创新大赛在西咸新区举行。 A wonderful youth science and technology innovation competition ____________ in Xixian New Area last year. 5．制定好计划后，就是执行的时候了。 After you have made a plan, it’s time to ________ ________ ________. 6．永不放弃，继续努力！ Never ________ ________ and keep on trying! 7．然而，他的老师叫他参加学校的演讲比赛。 However, he ________ ________ ________ ________ part in the speaking competition in his school by his teacher. 8．他一生奉献给科学。 He________ ________ ________  to science. 9．爱迪生是伟大的发明家。 Edison is a ________ ________. 10．他三年前顺利毕业。 He ________ ________ three years ago. 三、完成句子。 1．The letter ________ by my father yesterday afternoon. A．writes B．wrote C．was written D．is written 2．—Look at the sign! You aren’t allowed ________ in public places. —Sorry. I’ll put the cigarette out at once. A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked 3．The old radio requires ________, so you’d better ask someone ________ it soon. A．to repair; required B．repairing; repaired C．to be repaired; to repair D．to repairing; repair 4．The young man’s life experience is not ________ enough, so he plans to travel abroad to ________ his horizons. A．broaden; broad B．broadly; broadened C．broad; broaden D．broader; broadening 5．The river is not ________ enough for ships, so the government plans to ________ it. A．wide; widen B．widen; wide C．wide; wide D．widen; widen 6．This beautiful box ________ bamboo. A．make of B．is made of C．are made of D．made of 7．The funny movie always ________ all of us laugh. A．make B．makes C．made D．making 8．Pens ________ writing words on paper. A．used for B．are used for C．is used for D．use for 9．The great scientist ________ this new machine in 2020. A．invent B．invents C．invented D．inventing 10．______ my eyes, hard work leads to new inventions. A．On B．In C．At D．For 11．We must protect children ______ danger. A．from B．for C．with D．at 12．One of the greatest ______ is paper-making. A．invent B．inventor C．inventions D．inventing 13．Scientists ______ new kinds of plants in the forest last year. A．invented B．discovered C．create D．make 14．I ________ be afraid to share my ideas in public, but now I’m confident enough to speak out. A．used to B．was used to C．get used to D．am used to 15．The small mistake ________ a serious accident last month. A．led to B．took up C．gave away D．turned down 16．Marie Curie is ________ her research on radium and she won the Nobel Prize twice. A．proud of B．known for C．worried about D．strict with 17．The invention of the Internet has had a huge ________ on people’s daily life all over the world. A．influence B．important C．affect D．difficulty 18．—How do you like the new idea I put forward yesterday? —It ________ really well since we started using it. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．was working 19．A lot of useful notebooks ________ from reused waste paper in our city last year. A．produce B．are produced C．were produced D．will be produced 20．—Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day? —Of course. Chinese ________ by more and more people nowadays. A．is spoken B．speaks C．spoke D．was spoken 4、 句型转换。 选词：invent / discover / create / be made of / be made from / be used for / be used to 1．Cai Lun paper-making. 2．Scientists many new facts about space every year. 3．Artists wonderful works with their ideas. 4．The desk wood. You can see the material clearly. 5．Paper wood. We can’t see wood in paper. 6．The lock locking the door. 7．Knives cut things. 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空。 wooden, shorten, certainly, process, material, creative, discovery, protect 1．We use desks and bamboo chopsticks in our classroom. 2．We need to this long article before handing it in. 3．—Can you help me with my English? — . 4．It takes a long time to raw materials into paper. 5．Different are used to make different daily objects. 6．A person can always find new ways to solve problems. 7．The of electricity changed the whole world. 8．Raincoats can us from heavy rain. 一、语法选择 阅读短文，从短文后各题所给的三个选项（A、B和C）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 What will you do when it is rainy? You can not only 1 an umbrella but also wear a raincoat. Raincoats are made from rubber (橡胶) . In 1492, Columbus, a well-known Italian, brought rubber 2 South America to Europe. Rubber was very useful. 3 people didn’t know at that time. In 1770, people found that rubber 4 be used as erasers. Many workers in the factories started to try 5 best to make erasers. Macintosh was one of them. One day, when he was making erasers, some rubber liquid (液体) was put over his coat 6 . He was too busy to clean it and went back home wearing the coat which had rubber liquid on it. On the way home, it rained heavily. 7 he got home, he took off the wet coat. To his 8 , the area of the coat with rubber over was 9 than the areas without rubber. “Why not make a rubber raincoat?” Macintosh 10 . The next day, he 11 the rubber liquid all over his coat. He wore the “rubber coat” on rainy days and took 12 walk outside to test if it could really keep off (避开) the rain. Surprisingly, the clothes inside the “rubber coat” were very dry. The rubber raincoat 13 in this way by accident. Year after year, people kept 14 the raincoats. Today, raincoats are 15 used in our daily lives. 1．A．using B．used C．use 2．A．from B．to C．in 3．A．and B．but C．or 4．A．should B．need C．could 5．A．their B．they C．them 6．A．carefully B．carelessly C．careless 7．A．When B．Why C．How 8．A．surprised B．surprise C．surprising 9．A．dry B．driest C．drier 10．A．think B．is thinking C．thought 11．A．brush B．brushes C．brushed 12．A．an B．a C．the 13．A．was created B．created C．are created 14．A．improving B．to improve C．improve 15．A．widely B．wide C．width 二、语法填空 （一） 根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺；给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词 The Compass in a School Museum A small compass is displayed in our school museum. It does not look special, but it tells an important story about direction and travel. Long ago, travelers often depended 1 the sun, stars and familiar landforms. These methods were less useful in cloudy weather. Early magnetic tools 2 (develop) in China. A magnetized needle could turn freely and point in a steady direction. Later, the needle was placed above a marked 3 (circle) disk. The design made it easier for users to read directions. Compasses were widely used by 4 (sail) and helped ships travel farther from the coast. Knowledge of the tool also moved across countries through trade and communication. As a result, sea travel became 5 (safe) and more reliable. The compass in our museum was not found on an ancient ship. It 6 (make) by students twenty years ago for a science project. The model is simple, 7 it still works. This year, it was cleaned and 8 (place) in a new glass case. A digital screen beside it shows how a magnetic needle responds 9 different directions. The display reminds us that a small invention can broaden human experience. It also shows why old models should be protected: they help new students understand how ideas have been tested and 10 (improve) over time. （二） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, the smartphone is one of the most amazing 1 (invent) of the modern world. It 2 (change) people’s lives greatly since it first appeared. Many years ago, people could only use mobile phones to make calls. But scientists never stopped researching. In 2007, the first real smartphone came out. 3 that time, most people didn’t believe such 4 small device (设备) could do so many things. Today, smartphones are everywhere. Look around us! Some people are looking up information on the smartphones, some 5 (shop), and some are listening to music or watching movies with the smartphones. However, students 6 (warn) not to spend too much time on them. Smartphones are not just tools for communication. Last month, my friend got lost while he was camping in a jungle. Finally, he managed 7 (get) in touch with his family with the GPS function (功能) on his smartphone. Smartphones are so useful they have become part of our lives. Some people even can’t stop checking their smartphones from time to time. Of course, we should use them 9 (proper). For example, we mustn’t use them while crossing the street—it’s dangerous. Smartphones are developing rapidly. Every year, new models with better functions appear. We all expect what the smartphones 10 (bring) to us in the future! 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Great Ideas 核心语法精练 后缀-en和被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、选词填空 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 考点一 后缀-en 后缀‑en 构词法 本单元两大用法： ①形容词 +‑en → 动词，含义：“使……；变得……”； ②名词 +‑en → 形容词，含义：“由…… 制成的”。 1. 形容词 +‑en → 动词（中考高频，语法填空常考） 原词（形/名） 加 -en 后（动词） 例句（中考高频语境） wide（宽的） widen（加宽） The road needs to be widened.（路需要加宽。） sharp（锋利的） sharpen（削尖；使敏锐） You can sharpen your pencil with this knife. deep（深的） deepen（加深） This event will deepen our friendship.（这件事将加深我们的友谊。） quick（快的） quicken（加快） His pulse quickened when he saw her. soft（软的） soften（软化） Please soften your tone.（请软化你的语气。） hard（硬的） harden（变硬） The glue will harden in an hour. short（adj. 短的） shorten（v. 缩短） We can shorten our study time and rest more.我们可以缩短学习时间，多休息一会儿。 Bright （adj. 明亮的） brighten（v. 使明亮，点亮） The sun brightens the whole room.阳光点亮了整个房间。 dark（adj. 黑暗的） darken（v. 变暗，使变黑） The heavy clouds darkened the sky.厚厚的乌云让天空变暗了。 sweet（adj. 甜的） sweeten（v. 使变甜） You can add some honey to sweeten the tea.你可以加一点蜂蜜让茶变甜。 quick（adj. 快的） quicken（v. 加快） Please quicken your pace, or you will be late.请加快脚步，否则你会迟到。 2.名词 +‑en → 形容词（表示材质，“由…… 制成的”） 核心词义：由……制成的、……材质的（强调材质、原料） 语法特征：转化后为形容词，作定语修饰名词，多用于描述物品材质。 原词（名） 加 -en 后（形） 例句（极易错） wood（木头） wooden（木制的） This is a wooden desk.（不能说 wood desk！） wool（羊毛） woolen（羊毛制的） I need a woolen sweater. gold（金子） golden（金制的；金色的） She has golden hair.（注意：金鱼是 goldfish，但金发是 golden hair） silk（n. 丝绸） silken（adj. 丝质的，柔软光滑的） This dress feels silken and comfortable.这条裙子触感丝滑、十分舒适。 中考拼写解题技巧 1. 句意判断：句子出现“使、变得、拓宽、加深、增强”等使役含义，优先考虑加后缀-en变动词。 2. 词性判断：空格缺谓语动词，形容词词根→加en；空格缺定语形容词，材质名词词根→加en。 3. 特殊记忆：long→lengthen、strong→strengthen 两个特殊变形，单独背诵，考场零出错。 考点二 被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时） 基本概念 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者。We invent new things. 我们发明新事物。 被动语：主语是动作的承受者。New things are invented by us. 新事物被我们发明。 被动语态通用公式：be + 及物动词过去分词 (done)；`by+动作执行者`，不需要知道执行者时可以省略。 > ⚠️不及物动词（happen, take place, appear, belong to）没有被动语态 项目 一般现在时被动语态 一般过去时被动语态 构成 am / is / are + done was / were + done be 动词选用 I → am单数 / 不可数名词 → is复数 /you → are 单数 / I → was复数 /you → were 否定句 am/is/are not + done was/were not + done 一般疑问句 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + done…? Was / Were + 主语 + done…? 时间标志词 every day, often, usually, always, now yesterday, …ago, last…, in + 过去年份 例句 Paper is made from wood.纸由木头制成。 Papermaking technology was improved by Cai Lun.造纸术被蔡伦改良。 被动语态的用法 1．强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The new building is being built by the workers.这座新楼正在由工人们建造。 2．不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 3．出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作执行者是谁。 Enough has been said here of this question．关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。 4．文章标题、广告、新闻标题等常用省略助动词be的被动语态。 Girls Wanted．招女工。 5．在上下文中，为了使句子间衔接紧密常用被动语态。 The headmaster often talked to the students and was always listened to attentively.  校长经常和学生们谈话，学生们总是留心听他讲。 6．固定句式中常用被动语态，如It is said that……（据说……），It is/was reported that……（据报道），It is well-known that……（众所周知……）等。 It is said that she is 109 years old.据说她已经109岁了。 ✨主动语态变被动语态四步骤 1. 主动句的宾语 → 变为被动句主语 2. 确定时态，选对 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were） 3. 谓语动词变为过去分词 (done) 4. 原主动句主语放 by 后，作宾语；不重要可省略 例句：People invent many new tools.（主动） → Many new tools are invented by people.（被动）人们发明很多新工具→很多新工具被人们发明。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．—Excuse me, sir. When can we have a swim in the pool? —Not until it ________ (repair) next month. 【答案】is repaired 【详解】句意：——打扰了，先生。我们什么时候可以在游泳池里游泳？   ——直到下个月它被修理好才行。此处主语是“it”（指代the pool），与repair之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。时间状语“next month”表示将来，但until引导的时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主语it为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is repaired。 2．The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird’s Nest, ________ (build) for the 2008 Olympic Games. 【答案】was built 【详解】句意：北京国家体育场，也被叫作鸟巢，是为2008年奥运会建造的。主语The Beijing National Stadium和动词build是被动关系；时间2008 Olympic Games表示过去，要用一般过去时的被动语态；be动词用was，build的过去分词是built，故填was built。 3．His ________ (achieve) surprised all people. 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意：他的成就使所有人感到惊讶。形容词性物主代词His后接名词，achieve是动词，achievement表示“成就”，作句子主语。 4．We need to ________ (wide) the road to let more cars pass. 【答案】widen 【详解】句意：我们需要拓宽道路，让更多车辆通行。固定搭配“need to do sth.”后接动词原形，形容词wide“宽的”要变为动词widen“拓宽”。 5．Practicing every day can ________ (sharp) your skills of inventing things. 【答案】sharpen 【详解】句意：每天练习可以提升你的发明技能。 空格前“can”是情态动词，故空格处应填动词原形。“sharp”是形容词，意为“锋利的；敏锐的”，其对应的动词形式是“sharpen”，意为“使锋利；提高；磨炼”。故填sharpen。 6．Rain and wind ________ (dark) the color of the old wall many years ago. 【答案】darkened 【详解】句意：多年前的风雨使旧墙的颜色变深了。空格处需填动词，作谓语。“dark”是形容词，意为“黑暗的；深色的”。其动词形式为“darken”，意为“使变暗；使变深”。时间状语many years ago提示本句为一般过去时，故填darkened。 7．We should ________ (broad) our horizons by learning new things. 【答案】broaden 【详解】句意：我们应该通过学习新事物来拓宽视野。句中should是情态动词，情态动词后需接动词原形。所给词“broad”是形容词，意为“宽的；广泛的”，其对应的动词形式为“broaden”，表示“拓宽；扩大”，“broaden our horizons”为固定搭配，意为“拓宽我们的视野”，填入后符合语法和句意要求。 8．The teacher’s words ________ (strength) our confidence in our study yesterday. 【答案】strengthened 【详解】句意：老师的话昨天增强了我们的学习信心。句中yesterday为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。strength是名词，意为“力量”；后缀‑en加在名词之后，可以构成动词，表示“使……增强”，strength的动词形式为strengthen，它的过去式是直接在末尾加‑ed，故填strengthened。 9．The new technology ________ (soft) the hard material successfully last year. 【答案】softened 【详解】句意：这项新技术去年成功软化了硬质材料。句中“last year”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；soft的动词形式为soften，soften的过去式直接加‑ed。 10．More reading will ________ (broad) your mind and improve your creativity. 【答案】broaden 【详解】句意：多阅读会开阔你的思维，提升你的创造力。句中“will”为一般将来时标志词，will后接动词原形。形容词broad加后缀‑en变为动词broaden。 11．The new policy ________ (bright) the future of young inventors. 【答案】brightens 【详解】句意：这项新政策照亮了年轻发明家的未来。句中主语“The new policy”为单数名词，句子描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，括号内bright是形容词，需要转换为动词brighten表示“使明亮；照亮”，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，故填brightens。 12．They decided ________ (deep) the discussion about the new invention. 【答案】to deepen 【详解】句意：他们决定深入讨论这项新发明。deep“深的”，形容词。decide后接动词不定式，即decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”；deep的动词形式为deepen，意为“加深”，因此填to deepen。 13．Yuan Longping made important ________ (contribute) to agriculture. 【答案】contributions 【详解】句意： 袁隆平对农业作出了重要贡献。空格前有形容词important，需填名词；contribute的名词形式为contribution，且“做出贡献”常用make contributions to，此处用复数表泛指。 14．Everyone hopes for social ________ (progress). 【答案】progress 【详解】句意：每个人都期盼社会进步。原句中关键词social是形容词，后面需要接名词，progress为不可数名词，无需变形，social progress表示社会进步，符合句子逻辑及语境。 15．My teacher always ________ (encourage) me to keep trying. 【答案】encourages 【详解】句意：我的老师总是鼓励我继续努力。主语My teacher是第三人称单数，always表示习惯性动作用一般现在时，谓语动词encourage用第三人称单数形式encourages。 16．He is a ________ (create) boy and he likes ________ (create) new things. 【答案】 creative creating 【详解】句意：他是一个有创造力的男孩，他喜欢创造新事物。第一空在不定冠词“a”和名词“boy”之间，需填形容词作定语，表示“有创造力的”，故用“creative”。第二空在“likes”之后，需填动名词作宾语，表示“喜欢做某事”，故用“creating”。 17．With the fast ________ (develop) of science, our life becomes better. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：随着科学的快速发展，我们的生活变得更好。形容词后需要接名词，括号内给出的动词develop要变为对应的名词形式development，意为“发展”。 18．It’s hard for me ________ (imagine) life without lights. 【答案】to imagine 【详解】句意：对我来说，想象没有光的生活是很困难的。固定句型：It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.，意思是“对某人来说做某事是……的”，这个句型里it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构，所以此处要把给出的动词imagine变为不定式形式to imagine。 19．One of his great ________ (invent) changed people’s life greatly. 【答案】inventions 【详解】句意：他的一项伟大发明极大地改变了人们的生活。固定结构：one of+可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，所以后面名词要用复数；invent是动词“发明”，对应的表示“发明物”的名词是invention，复数形式为inventions。 20．We should admire the ________ (wise) of ancient Chinese people. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】句意：我们应该敬佩中国古人的智慧。定冠词the后面需要接名词，wise的名词形式是wisdom，表示“智慧”。 二、单项选择。 1．随着他长大，他的头脑装满了关于宇宙的问题。 As he grew older, his mind was ________ ________ questions about the universe. 【答案】 filled with 【详解】原句中“装满了”是关键词。“装满了”对应英文短语“be filled with”，表示状态，空格前有be动词was，故填filled；with。 2．如今，智能技术在本地的垃圾分类中被广泛应用。 Nowadays, smart technology is ____________ in local garbage sorting. 【答案】widely used/used widely 【详解】原句中“广泛”和“应用”是关键词，表示“广泛”的词是widely，副词作状语；表示“应用”的词是use，用过去分词形式used，和空前的is一起构成被动语态。 3．这个垃圾桶的外壳是由再生塑料制成的。 The shell of this trash bin ____________ recycled plastic. 【答案】is made of 【详解】原句中“由……制成”是关键词，成品能看出原材料是塑料。表示“由……制成”的短语是be made of。本句陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语The shell of this trash bin的核心词The shell为第三人称单数，be动词需用is。 4．去年，一场精彩的青少年科技创新大赛在西咸新区举行。 A wonderful youth science and technology innovation competition ____________ in Xixian New Area last year. 【答案】took place/was held 【详解】原句中的“举行”是关键词，原句时间状语last year表明时态是一般过去时，“take place”意为“举行”，是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，其过去式为took place；hold表“举行”时可用于被动，一般过去时被动形式为was held，两个表达均符合句意。 5．制定好计划后，就是执行的时候了。 After you have made a plan, it’s time to ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 carry it out 【详解】原句中“执行”是关键词，表示“执行”的动词短语是carry out，置于不定式符号之后，需用原形。此处需用代词it指代前文plan，需置于动词与副词之间。 6．永不放弃，继续努力！ Never ________ ________ and keep on trying! 【答案】 give up 【详解】原句中“放弃”是关键词，表示“放弃”的短语是give up；本句为祈使句，Never后接动词原形构成否定祈使句，符合语法和句意。 7．然而，他的老师叫他参加学校的演讲比赛。 However, he ________ ________ ________ ________ part in the speaking competition in his school by his teacher. 【答案】 was asked to take 【详解】原句中“叫他参加”是关键词，表示“被要求做某事”的英文是be asked to do sth.；动作发生在过去，主语是he，be动词用was，“参加”的固定搭配为take part in，被动语态中不定式符号to不可省略，故填was；asked；to；take。 8．他一生奉献给科学。 He________ ________ ________  to science. 【答案】 devoted his life 【详解】原句中“一生奉献”是关键词，结合“He…to science”以及中文意思可知，“把……奉献给……”的英文表达为devote…to…，“一生”的英文为life，此处需用形容词性物主代词his修饰；结合中文意思可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词需用devote的过去式devoted。 9．爱迪生是伟大的发明家。 Edison is a ________ ________. 【答案】 great inventor 【详解】原句中“伟大的”“发明家”是关键词，great表示伟大的，用来修饰名词，inventor表示发明家，不定冠词a后接可数名词单数。 10．他三年前顺利毕业。 He ________ ________ three years ago. 【答案】 graduated successfully 【详解】原句中“毕业”、“顺利”是关键词，“毕业”对应单词graduate，“顺利”对应副词successfully。时间状语“three years ago”表明，时态是一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式graduated，副词修饰动词置于其后。应填graduated；successfully。 三、完成句子。 1．The letter ________ by my father yesterday afternoon. A．writes B．wrote C．was written D．is written 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这封信是我父亲昨天下午写的。根据时间状语“yesterday afternoon”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语The letter与动词write之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were + 过去分词，主语The letter为单数，be动词用was，write的过去分词为written。 2．—Look at the sign! You aren’t allowed ________ in public places. —Sorry. I’ll put the cigarette out at once. A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看这个标识！在公共场所不允许你吸烟。——对不起。我马上把烟熄灭。 smoke吸烟，动词原形；smoking吸烟，现在分词；to smoke吸烟，动词不定式；smoked吸烟，动词过去式。固定搭配be allowed to do sth.意为“被允许做某事”，此处应用动词不定式。应填to smoke。 3．The old radio requires ________, so you’d better ask someone ________ it soon. A．to repair; required B．repairing; repaired C．to be repaired; to repair D．to repairing; repair 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这台旧收音机需要被修理，所以你最好尽快找人来修它。 第一空，主语The old radio与repair构成被动关系，require doing sth.或require to be done表示“需要被做”，故填repairing或to be repaired；第二空，ask sb. to do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，故填to repair。结合选项，故选C。 4．The young man’s life experience is not ________ enough, so he plans to travel abroad to ________ his horizons. A．broaden; broad B．broadly; broadened C．broad; broaden D．broader; broadening 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个年轻人的生活经历不够广阔，所以他计划出国旅行以开阔他的视野。 broad意为“广阔的”，形容词；broaden意为“开阔”，是动词。第一空位于系动词is后作表语，且enough修饰形容词置于其后，应填broad；第二空位于不定式符号to后表目的，应用动词原形，应填broaden。 5．The river is not ________ enough for ships, so the government plans to ________ it. A．wide; widen B．widen; wide C．wide; wide D．widen; widen 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这条河不够宽以供船只通行，所以政府计划加宽它。 wide是形容词，意为“宽的”；widen是动词，意为“加宽”。第一空在be动词is后作表语，需用形容词wide；第二空在plan to后，需用动词原形widen。A选项正确。 6．This beautiful box ________ bamboo. A．make of B．is made of C．are made of D．made of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个漂亮的盒子是竹子做的。be made of用……制作。物品与制作是被动关系，用“be made of”；主语“this box”是单数，be动词用“is”，应填is made of。 7．The funny movie always ________ all of us laugh. A．make B．makes C．made D．making 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部有趣的电影总是让我们所有人开怀大笑。 主语“The funny movie”为单数，副词always表明句子为一般现在时，谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式，make的第三人称单数为makes，故选B。 8．Pens ________ writing words on paper. A．used for B．are used for C．is used for D．use for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：钢笔被用来在纸上写字。 pens是复数，物品被使用用被动语态be used for，介词后接动名词，be动词用are，应填are used for。 9．The great scientist ________ this new machine in 2020. A．invent B．invents C．invented D．inventing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位伟大的科学家在2020年发明了这台新机器。 时间状语“in 2020”为过去时间，句子用一般过去时，invent的过去式是invented，意为“发明”，应选invented。 10．______ my eyes, hard work leads to new inventions. A．On B．In C．At D．For 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我看来，努力工作会带来新的发明。On在……上面；In在……里面；At在……；For为了。根据固定短语“in one’s eyes”意为“在某人看来”，符合语境。 11．We must protect children ______ danger. A．from B．for C．with D．at 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们必须保护儿童免受危险。from免受；for为了；with和……一起；at在……。根据固定搭配protect...from...意为“保护……免受……”可知，应填from。 12．One of the greatest ______ is paper-making. A．invent B．inventor C．inventions D．inventing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：最伟大的发明之一是造纸术。invent发明；inventor发明家；inventions发明；inventing发明。根据“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”结构可知，此处应填名词复数形式，且造纸术属于发明物而非发明家。应填inventions。 13．Scientists ______ new kinds of plants in the forest last year. A．invented B．discovered C．create D．make 【答案】B 【详解】句意：科学家们去年在森林里发现了新种类的植物。invented“发明”（指创造出原本不存在的事物）；discovered“发现”（指找到原本存在但未被认知的事物）；create“创造”（动词原形，一般现在时）；make“制造”（动词原形，一般现在时）。根据句中“last year”可知，此处应用一般过去时；植物新种类是自然界中本来就存在的，科学家只是“发现”了它们。 14．I ________ be afraid to share my ideas in public, but now I’m confident enough to speak out. A．used to B．was used to C．get used to D．am used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我过去常常害怕在公众面前分享我的想法，但现在我有足够的自信大声说出来。 used to表示过去常常，后接动词原形；was/get/am used to表示习惯于，后接动名词。根据“but now”可知句子前后是过去与现在的对比，且空后是动词原形“be”，故用used to。 15．The small mistake ________ a serious accident last month. A．led to B．took up C．gave away D．turned down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：上个月这个小错误导致了一场严重的事故。led to导致；took up占据；gave away捐赠；turned down拒绝。根据句意“小错误”与“严重事故”之间的因果关系，可知应填“导致”。 16．Marie Curie is ________ her research on radium and she won the Nobel Prize twice. A．proud of B．known for C．worried about D．strict with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：玛丽·居里因她对镭的研究而闻名，并且她两次获得了诺贝尔奖。 proud of为……感到骄傲；known for因……而闻名；worried about担心……；strict with对……严格。根据后半句“she won the Nobel Prize twice”可知，这是在陈述她的成就和名声，居里夫人是因为镭的研究而出名，符合“因……而闻名”的语境。应填known for。 17．The invention of the Internet has had a huge ________ on people’s daily life all over the world. A．influence B．important C．affect D．difficulty 【答案】A 【详解】句意：互联网的发明对全世界人们的日常生活产生了巨大的影响。 influence影响；important重要的；affect影响；difficulty困难。空格前有形容词huge修饰，此处应填名词，排除B项形容词和C项动词。固定搭配have an influence on意为“对……产生影响”，D项语义不符。应填influence。 18．—How do you like the new idea I put forward yesterday? —It ________ really well since we started using it. A．works B．worked C．has worked D．was working 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得我昨天提出的新主意怎么样？——自从我们开始使用它以来，它效果一直很好。根据答语中的时间状语since we started using it“自从我们开始使用它以来”可知，主句应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在。现在完成时的结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语it是第三人称单数，助动词用has；work的过去分词是worked。 19．A lot of useful notebooks ________ from reused waste paper in our city last year. A．produce B．are produced C．were produced D．will be produced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去年在我们城市，许多有用的笔记本是由再生废纸生产出来的。主语notebooks与动词produce之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结构为be done；根据时间状语“last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，且主语为复数，be动词应用 were，produce的过去分词为produced。 20．—Have you heard of the UN Chinese Language Day? —Of course. Chinese ________ by more and more people nowadays. A．is spoken B．speaks C．spoke D．was spoken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你听说过联合国中文日吗？ ——当然。如今越来越多的人说汉语。主语Chinese（汉语）和speak之间是被动关系，结合时间标志词nowadays（如今），用一般现在时的被动语态，因此用is spoken。 4、 句型转换。 选词：invent / discover / create / be made of / be made from / be used for / be used to 1．Cai Lun paper-making. 2．Scientists many new facts about space every year. 3．Artists wonderful works with their ideas. 4．The desk wood. You can see the material clearly. 5．Paper wood. We can’t see wood in paper. 6．The lock locking the door. 7．Knives cut things. 【答案】1．invented 2．discover 3．create 4．is made of 5．is made from 6．is used for 7．are used to 【详解】1．句意：蔡伦发明了造纸术。句子缺少谓语动词，主语Cai Lun为第三人称单数，描述过去的历史事件，应用一般过去时。选项invent意为“发明（原本不存在的新事物）”，造纸术是一项前所未有的创造，符合语法及“蔡伦首创造纸技术”的语境，故填invented。 2．句意：科学家每年都会发现许多关于太空的新事实。句子缺少谓语动词，主语Scientists为复数，时间状语every year表明用一般现在时，动词用原形；选项discover意为“发现（原本存在但未知的事物）”，太空事实是客观存在但未被人类知晓的，符合语法及“科学家每年探索太空新发现”的语境。 3．句意：艺术家用他们的创意创造出精彩的作品。句子缺少谓语动词，主语Artists为复数，描述一般性事实，用一般现在时，动词用原形；选项create意为“创造（从无到有，依赖想象力）”，艺术作品源于艺术家的独特构思，符合语法及“艺术家凭借灵感进行创作”的语境。 4．句意：这张桌子是由木头制成的。你能清楚地看到材料。句子缺少谓语动词，主语The desk为单数，描述客观事实，用一般现在时；选项be made of表示“由……制成（能看出原材料）”，后文明确说“能看到材料”，符合语法及“桌子材质肉眼可辨”的语境，故填is made of。 55．句意：纸是由木头制成的。我们在纸中看不到木头。句子缺少谓语动词，主语Paper为不可数名词，视为单数，描述客观事实，用一般现在时；选项be made from表示“由……制成（看不出原材料，发生了化学变化）”，后文说“看不到木头”，符合语法及“纸张经过加工后原材料不可见”的语境，故填is made from。 6．句意：这把锁是用来锁门的。句子缺少谓语动词，主语The lock为单数，描述物品的功能用途，用一般现在时；选项be used for后接名词或动名词，表示“被用于……（强调功能/用途）”，符合语法及“锁具的用途是锁门”的语境，故填is used for。 7．句意：刀子是用来切割东西的。句子缺少谓语动词，主语Knives为复数，描述物品的一般用途，用一般现在时；选项be used to后接动词原形cut，表示“被用来切……（强调动作目的）”，符合语法及“刀具的用途是切割物品”的语境，故填are used to。 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空。 wooden, shorten, certainly, process, material, creative, discovery, protect 1．We use desks and bamboo chopsticks in our classroom. 2．We need to this long article before handing it in. 3．—Can you help me with my English? — . 4．It takes a long time to raw materials into paper. 5．Different are used to make different daily objects. 6．A person can always find new ways to solve problems. 7．The of electricity changed the whole world. 8．Raincoats can us from heavy rain. 【答案】1．wooden 2．shorten 3．Certainly 4．process 5．materials 6．creative 7．discovery 8．protect 【详解】1．句意：我们在教室里使用木制的桌子和竹筷子。此处修饰名词desks，需用形容词。方框中wooden意为“木制的”，与“desk”连用表示“木桌”。 2．句意：在提交这篇长文章之前，我们需要缩短它。need to后接动词原形。根据long article（长文章）可知需要“缩短”，“shorten”意为“缩短”为动词。 3．句意：—你能帮我学英语吗？—当然可以。此处是对请求的肯定回答。certainly意为“当然”，位于句首首字母需大写。 4．句意：将原材料加工成纸需要很长时间。It takes time to do sth.结构中to后接动词原形。process作动词意为“加工、处理”，与raw materials into paper连用表示“原材料加工成纸”。 5．句意：不同的材料被用来制作不同的日常物品。根据“make different daily objects”可知，制作成不同的日常用品，因此这里应该是与“物品”相关的名词。Different后接可数名词复数，且谓语动词为are，material需变为复数形式materials。 6．句意：一个有创造力的人总能找到解决问题的新方法。此处修饰名词person，需用形容词。根据find new ways（找到新方法）可知选creative（有创造力的），表示“有创造力的人能找到新的方法”。 7．句意：电的发现改变了整个世界。The...of结构中间需填名词。根据“changed the whole world”可知，电的发现改变了世界。discovery意为“发现”，为名词。 8．句意：雨衣能保护我们免受大雨淋湿。情态动词can后接动词原形。protect sb. from sth.意为“保护某人免受……”，这里表示雨衣可以保护我们免受大雨淋湿。 一、语法选择 阅读短文，从短文后各题所给的三个选项（A、B和C）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 What will you do when it is rainy? You can not only 1 an umbrella but also wear a raincoat. Raincoats are made from rubber (橡胶) . In 1492, Columbus, a well-known Italian, brought rubber 2 South America to Europe. Rubber was very useful. 3 people didn’t know at that time. In 1770, people found that rubber 4 be used as erasers. Many workers in the factories started to try 5 best to make erasers. Macintosh was one of them. One day, when he was making erasers, some rubber liquid (液体) was put over his coat 6 . He was too busy to clean it and went back home wearing the coat which had rubber liquid on it. On the way home, it rained heavily. 7 he got home, he took off the wet coat. To his 8 , the area of the coat with rubber over was 9 than the areas without rubber. “Why not make a rubber raincoat?” Macintosh 10 . The next day, he 11 the rubber liquid all over his coat. He wore the “rubber coat” on rainy days and took 12 walk outside to test if it could really keep off (避开) the rain. Surprisingly, the clothes inside the “rubber coat” were very dry. The rubber raincoat 13 in this way by accident. Year after year, people kept 14 the raincoats. Today, raincoats are 15 used in our daily lives. 1．A．using B．used C．use 2．A．from B．to C．in 3．A．and B．but C．or 4．A．should B．need C．could 5．A．their B．they C．them 6．A．carefully B．carelessly C．careless 7．A．When B．Why C．How 8．A．surprised B．surprise C．surprising 9．A．dry B．driest C．drier 10．A．think B．is thinking C．thought 11．A．brush B．brushes C．brushed 12．A．an B．a C．the 13．A．was created B．created C．are created 14．A．improving B．to improve C．improve 15．A．widely B．wide C．width 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．A 15．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了橡胶雨衣的发明过程，从哥伦布发现橡胶到麦金托什意外发明雨衣，以及其后的改进与广泛应用。 【详解】1．句意：下雨时，你不仅可以撑伞，还能穿雨衣。 根据情态动词can后接动词原形，且与 wear 并列，use“使用”符合语法；using动名词、used过去式均不匹配情态动词can后用法。 2．句意：1492年，著名意大利人哥伦布把橡胶从南美洲带到欧洲。 固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”，from符合介词搭配；to、in不符合本段运输产地到欧洲的逻辑。 3．句意：橡胶十分有用，但那时人们并不了解它。 前后语义转折，but“但是”贴合逻辑；and表并列、or表选择均不符合上下文转折关系。 4．句意：1770年，人们发现橡胶可以被做成橡皮。 could能够，可以，表橡胶具备制作橡皮的性能；should应该、need需要语义不通。 5．句意：工厂里许多工人开始尽他们最大努力制作橡皮。 固定搭配try one’s best，形容词性物主代词their修饰best；they主格、them宾格无法修饰名词。 6．句意：一天他制作橡皮时，橡胶液体粗心地洒在了外套上。 后文体现意外洒落，carelessly粗心地，副词修饰动词put over；carefully细心地语义相反，careless是形容词不能修饰动作。 7．句意：当他到家时，脱下湿外套。 when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；why为什么、how怎样，无法承接回家脱外套的场景。 8．句意：令他惊讶的是，涂了橡胶的衣料比没涂橡胶的地方更干燥。 固定搭配to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”；用人作主语用surprised，surprising修饰事物，均不匹配固定短语。 9．句意：涂橡胶的区域比没有橡胶的地方干燥得多。 句中出现than，要用形容词比较级，drier更干燥；dry原级、driest最高级不满足比较句式要求。 10．句意：“为什么不做一件橡胶雨衣呢？”麦金托什想到。 全文时态为一般过去时，think的过去式thought；think原形、is thinking现在进行时时态错误。 11．句意：第二天，他把橡胶液体刷满整件外套。 全文为过去叙事，brush过去式brushed；brush原形、brushes三单形式时态不符。 12．句意：下雨天他穿上这件橡胶外套，出去走一走测试防雨效果。 固定搭配take a walk散步，walk辅音音素开头用不定冠词a；an用于元音开头名词，the定冠词不适用此处泛指一次散步。 13．句意：橡胶雨衣就这样偶然被发明出来。 雨衣是“被创造”，用被动语态；故事发生在过去，一般过去时被动was created；created主动语态、are created一般现在时被动均不符合时态语态。 14．句意：年复一年，人们持续改良雨衣。 固定搭配keep doing sth.持续做某事，improving动名词；to improve不定式、improve原形不符合keep的固定用法。 15．句意：如今雨衣在我们日常生活中被广泛使用。 副词widely修饰动词used，表示“广泛地”；wide形容词“宽的”、width名词“宽度”无法修饰动词。 二、语法填空 （一） 根据短文内容，在横线上填上适当单词，使短文完整、通顺；给出单词的空格不限一词，没有给出单词的空格限一词 The Compass in a School Museum A small compass is displayed in our school museum. It does not look special, but it tells an important story about direction and travel. Long ago, travelers often depended 1 the sun, stars and familiar landforms. These methods were less useful in cloudy weather. Early magnetic tools 2 (develop) in China. A magnetized needle could turn freely and point in a steady direction. Later, the needle was placed above a marked 3 (circle) disk. The design made it easier for users to read directions. Compasses were widely used by 4 (sail) and helped ships travel farther from the coast. Knowledge of the tool also moved across countries through trade and communication. As a result, sea travel became 5 (safe) and more reliable. The compass in our museum was not found on an ancient ship. It 6 (make) by students twenty years ago for a science project. The model is simple, 7 it still works. This year, it was cleaned and 8 (place) in a new glass case. A digital screen beside it shows how a magnetic needle responds 9 different directions. The display reminds us that a small invention can broaden human experience. It also shows why old models should be protected: they help new students understand how ideas have been tested and 10 (improve) over time. 【答案】 1．on 2．were developed 3．circular 4．sailors 5．safer 6．was made 7．but 8．placed 9．to 10．improved 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍学校博物馆里的指南针，讲述指南针的起源、发展、传播以及学校博物馆这件学生制作的指南针模型的意义。 【详解】1．句意：很久以前，旅行者常常依靠太阳、星星以及熟悉的地貌辨别方向。该处需一个介词，在句中和depended共同构成谓语部分；上下文提示句意与“依靠天体、地貌辨别方位”相关；固定搭配线索depend on意为“依靠、依赖”，故填on。 2．句意：早期磁性工具在中国被研制出来。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；主语和develop为被动关系，讲述过去史实，要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语tools是复数，故填were developed。 3．句意：后来，磁针被放置在带有刻度的圆形圆盘上方。该处需一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词disk；上下文提示句意描述圆盘的外形特征；circle为名词“圆圈”，修饰名词需要变为形容词，故填circular。 4．句意：指南针被水手广泛使用，帮助船只航行到离海岸更远的地方。该处需一个名词，在介词by后作宾语；上下文提示句意与“航海使用者”相关；sail为动词，此处需要表示人的名词，表一类人要用复数形式，故填sailors。 5．句意：因此，海上航行变得更加安全、更加可靠。该处需一个形容词，在句中作表语；上下文提示句意描述海上航行的变化；并列线索and后more reliable是比较级，前后形式保持一致，safe的比较级为safer，故填safer。 6．句意：它是二十年前学生为科学项目制作的。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语；上下文提示句意讲述模型的制作来历；it指代指南针，和make是被动关系，twenty years ago为过去时间，单数主语，用一般过去时被动语态，故填was made。 7．句意：这个模型很简易，但是仍然可以正常工作。该处需一个并列连词，连接两个分句；上下文提示前后语义存在转折，故填but。 8．句意：今年，它被清理干净，放置在一个新的玻璃展柜中。该处需一个动词过去分词，和cleaned并列作谓语；上下文 提示句意讲展品被安置进展柜；and并列被动语态的两个过去分词，故填placed。 9．句意：它旁边的电子屏幕展示磁针如何对不同方向作出反应。该处需一个介词，和responds搭配；上下文提示句意讲磁针对方向产生反应；固定搭配respond to表示“对……作出反应”，故填to。 10．句意：它们帮助新一代学生理解想法是如何经过检验并随着时间被改良。该处需一个动词过去分词，和tested并列；上下文提示句意讲述想法被检验、改进；and并列两个过去分词，故填improved。 （二） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, the smartphone is one of the most amazing 1 (invent) of the modern world. It 2 (change) people’s lives greatly since it first appeared. Many years ago, people could only use mobile phones to make calls. But scientists never stopped researching. In 2007, the first real smartphone came out. 3 that time, most people didn’t believe such 4 small device (设备) could do so many things. Today, smartphones are everywhere. Look around us! Some people are looking up information on the smartphones, some 5 (shop), and some are listening to music or watching movies with the smartphones. However, students 6 (warn) not to spend too much time on them. Smartphones are not just tools for communication. Last month, my friend got lost while he was camping in a jungle. Finally, he managed 7 (get) in touch with his family with the GPS function (功能) on his smartphone. Smartphones are so useful they have become part of our lives. Some people even can’t stop checking their smartphones from time to time. Of course, we should use them 9 (proper). For example, we mustn’t use them while crossing the street—it’s dangerous. Smartphones are developing rapidly. Every year, new models with better functions appear. We all expect what the smartphones 10 (bring) to us in the future! 【答案】 1．inventions 2．has changed 3．At 4．a 5．are shopping 6．are warned 7．to get 8．that 9．properly 10．will bring 【导语】本文介绍了智能手机的发展历程、多元用途、使用规范以及未来发展趋势。 【详解】1．句意：众所周知，智能手机是现代世界最惊人的发明之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”为固定结构，表“最……的……之一”；invent对应的事物名词是 invention，此处需变为复数形式inventions。 2．句意：自从智能手机首次问世，它就极大地改变了人们的生活。since引导时间状语从句时，主句需用现在完成时；主语It是第三人称单数，因此填has changed。 3．句意：在那个时候，大多数人都不相信这么小的设备能实现这么多功能。at that time是固定时间短语，意为“在那时”，空格位于句首，首字母需大写，填At。 4．句意：在那个时候，大多数人都不相信这么小的设备能实现这么多功能。such a/an+形容词+可数名词单数是固定结构，small以辅音音素开头，选用不定冠词a。 5．句意：有的人在用手机查阅信息，有的人在购物，还有人用手机听音乐、看电影。此处和前后are looking up、are listening构成并列的现在进行时结构，填are shopping。 6．句意：但学生们被提醒不要在手机上耗费过多时间。students和warn是被动关系，要用一般现在时的被动语态；主语为复数名词，填are warned。 7．句意：最终，他借助智能手机的GPS功能成功和家人取得了联系。manage to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“设法完成某事”，填to get。 8．句意：智能手机实用性极强，已经成了我们生活的一部分。so…that…是固定结果状语句型，意为 “如此…… 以至于……”，填that。 9．句意：当然，我们应该合理地使用它们。 空格修饰动词use，需要使用副词形式，proper对应的副词为properly。 10．句意：我们都期待智能手机未来会给我们带来哪些新变化！in the future 表将来时间，句子要用一般将来时，填will bring。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Great Ideas 核心语法精练 后缀-en和被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 3 二、单项选择 4 三、完成句子 7 四、选词填空 8 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．is repaired 2．was built 3．achievement 4．widen 5．sharpen 6．darkened 7．broaden 8．strengthened 9．softened 10．broaden 11．Brightens 12．to deepen 13．contributions 14．progress 15．encourages 16． creative creating 17．development 18．to imagine 19．inventions 20．wisdom 二、单项选择。 1． filled with 2．widely used/used widely 3．is made of 4．took place/was held 5． carry it out 6． give up 7． was asked to take 8． devoted his life 9． great inventor 10． graduated successfully 三、完成句子。 1．C 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．A 16．B 17．A 18．C 19．C 20．A 4、 句型转换。 选词：invent / discover / create / be made of / be made from / be used for / be used to 1．invented 2．discover 3．create 4．is made of 5．is made from 6．is used for 7．are used to 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空。 1．wooden 2．shorten 3．Certainly 4．process 5．materials 6．creative 7．discovery 8．protect 一、语法选择 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．A 15．A 二、语法填空 （一） 1．on 2．were developed 3．circular 4．sailors 5．safer 6．was made 7．but 8．placed 9．to 10．improved （二） 1．inventions 2．has changed 3．At 4．a 5．are shopping 6．are warned 7．to get 8．that 9．properly 10．will bring 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $