Unit 4 Exploring Poetry 语法填空专项训练-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 以中国文化主题为载体，融合单元核心词汇与语法点，通过语境化语法填空实现语言能力与文化意识的协同培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法填空|6篇（李白、故宫等题材）|逐题详解语法规则（非谓语/从句/时态等）|词汇（80个黑体词）与语法点在真实语境中深度融合，形成"识词-练句-悟法"的递进逻辑|

选必一unit4语法填空专项训练 本专项训练依据选择性必修一unit4教材词汇表（barren — unforgiving 等约 80 个重点词汇）编写，共 6 篇语法填空。六篇文章题材均围绕中国元素展开：唐代诗人李白、故宫文物修复师、敦煌藏经洞、苏州古典园林、张骞凿空西域、京剧艺术。目标词汇全部融入真实语境（文章以黑体字体现），供学生在做题与复读中实现"语境识词"。 1. Li Bai (701–762), 1.________ (know) as the "Immortal of Poetry", has fascinated Chinese readers for more than a thousand years. After leaving Sichuan in his twenties, he wandered from city to city, sighing over moonlit rivers and celebrating friendship in wine. His best lines, 2.________ often read like sudden inspiration, usually rhyme with perfect ease, turning everyday scenes — a mountain moon, a cup of farewell wine — into unforgettable metaphors. A moon may imply homesickness; a rushing river may suggest the 3.________ (pass) of time. For centuries, scholars 4.________ (interpret) his poems in endless ways. Some see in him a Taoist dreamer who longed for 5.________ (free); others find a far 6.________ (contradictory) figure — proud yet lonely, confident yet restless. In truth, his poetry is so complex 7.________ no single explanation can fully grasp it. Perhaps that is exactly the point: great poems refuse 8.________ (reduce) to one meaning. Every time we return to them, they open up new 9.________ (dimension) of thought, asking nothing of us but 10.________ open mind and a little patience. 2. Deep in Dongcheng District, Beijing, lies the Forbidden City, the __1____(large) ancient palace complex in the world. Inside its halls stand treasures 2.________ (freeze) in time for centuries: bronzes 3.________ (cast) three thousand years ago, gilded clocks, paintings on thin silk. In recent years, a group of quiet craftsmen 4.________ (bring) many of them back to life. Restoration here demands extraordinary patience and a logical mind. A restorer may spend months detecting the faintest crack, 5.________ (constant) comparing it with 6.________ exists in the old archives, and then wait for the right season to begin work. Restorers also make allowance for the weather, 7.________ (know) that one careless touch8.________ a dry winter could damage history beyond repair. The documentary Masters in the Forbidden City, 9.________ aired in 2016, made these craftsmen national heroes overnight. For them, however, the true reward is not fame 10.________ the satisfaction of shaking hands with history. "Only when your heart is completely still can you hear what an ancient object is telling you," one restorer says. 3. Dunhuang, now a remote city on the edge of the barren Gobi Desert, was once a booming crossroads on the Silk Road. In 1900, a Taoist priest named Wang Yuanlu stumbled upon a sealed cave 1.________ the Mogao Grottoes. Inside 2.________ (lie) tens of thousands of manuscripts — Buddhist scriptures, contracts, folk songs and ancient legends — hidden away around 1000 AD, probably 3.________ (protect) them from war. Historians digging through the collection have found priceless 4.________ (clue) about life along the Silk Road: how ordinary 5.________ (dwell) traded, prayed and entertained themselves during the Tang dynasty, an era of peace and 6.________ (stable). The manuscripts even provided rich material for later novelists and painters. Unfortunately, news of the discovery soon attracted foreign explorers, 7.________ carried away thousands of scrolls. To this day, many people blame the weakness of the late Qing government, rather than Wang alone, 8.________ the loss. To guard what remains, experts are 9.________ (digital) scanning every scroll, and the "Digital Dunhuang" project now allows anyone, anywhere, to admire the glorious caves online. The desert air may be unforgiving, 10.________ the story of Dunhuang is far from over. 4. Wandering through a classical garden in Suzhou on a misty morning, you may feel you 1.________ (step) into a landscape painting. Covering only a few acres, these gardens were designed to bring the vastness of nature into a limited space: rockery mountains in miniature, ponds full of 2.________ (vital), and paths that bend gently around pavilions, never 3.________ (run) straight. The design reflects the philosophy of Taoism, 4.________ praises what is natural and unconstrained. Unlike the rigid symmetry of imperial palaces, which embodies Confucian order, a garden's rocks and streams are deliberately arranged 5.________ (look) as if shaped by no human hand. The 6.________ (create) sought an ideal balance between duty and 7.________ (free) — order in the study, liberty and inner peace in the garden. They were also 8.________ (tolerance) of imperfection: rocks were prized precisely 9.________ they looked weathered. For the scholars who built these retreats, the garden was a place to nourish the spirit. After a long day of official duties, they would set aside worldly ambitions and sit quietly by the water, perceiving in the stillness 10.________ they called the breath of nature. 5. In 138 BC, Zhang Qian, a young court official, 1.________ (brave) accepted a mission that would change history: to travel west and persuade distant kingdoms to form 2.________ alliance with Han China. Few at court dared to go. The journey proved nightmarish. Twice captured by the Xiongnu, Zhang was 3.________ (cage) like a prisoner for over ten years, yet he never abandoned his belief 4.________ China's friends could be found beyond the desert. After his escape he continued westward, 5.________ (tread) across barren lands where the sun burned by day and frost bit by night, and climbing mountain paths that 6.________ (bend) sharply along icy cliffs. He underwent countless hardships and encountered numerous peoples whom no Han envoy had ever met. Although he failed to persuade every kingdom 7.________ (join) an alliance, he brought back first-hand knowledge of thirty-six lands of Central Asia — their products, armies and 8.________ (legend). Hence trade routes gradually opened, and the routes 9.________ later became known as the Silk Road were less a single road than a web of tracks diverging across mountains and rivers. As the historian Sima Qian put it, Zhang Qian "dug up" a new world for China. His mission remains a triumph of courage and 10.________ (curious). 6. Peking Opera, 1.________ (list) by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage in 2010, can claim a history of more than two centuries, and it is often regarded as 2.________ representative of traditional Chinese performing arts. What 3.________ (distinguish) it from Western opera is its striking, highly symbolic style: a whip stands for a horse, and a table with two chairs may be a city gate — a delightful 4.________ (exaggerate) that audiences accept without question. Colors speak too: a red face 5.________ (characterize) loyalty, while a white one betrays treachery. Disguise is a favorite theme as well: when a heroine passes for a man, the audience enjoys the charming game of spotting the "impostor" on stage. The masterpiece 6.________ (entitle) Farewell My Concubine tells of the last night of Xiang Yu, a defeated hero of ancient times. Mei Lanfang, 7.________ interpreted the concubine's role with unforgettable grace, raised the art to new heights. His singing, rich in long trills, could turn simple lines into glorious music. In an era of rapid industrialization, the old art has faced an unforgiving reality: young audiences, constantly entertained by short videos, seldom show the 8.________ (patient) that a three-hour performance demands. Yet many troupes refuse to break with tradition completely; instead, they are 9.________ (short) classic pieces for the small screen while keeping the soul of the art. Educators, meanwhile, have long advocated introducing Peking Opera to schoolchildren, believing that every Chinese student owes a debt 10.________ the traditions of the past. 答案与详解（含参考译文） 第一篇　 答案速查：1. known　2. which　3. passing　4. have interpreted　5. freedom　6. more contradictory　7. that　8. to be reduced　9. dimensions　10. an 逐题详解： 1. known。考查非谓语动词。"______ (know) as the 'Immortal of Poetry'" 作后置定语，Li Bai 与 know 之间为被动关系（"被称为"），故填过去分词 known。 1. which。考查定语从句。先行词为 His best lines（指物），从句与主句用逗号隔开，为非限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，故填 which。 1. passing。考查词类转换。定冠词 the 后接名词，the passing of time 意为"时间的流逝"，故填动名词 passing。 1. have interpreted。考查动词时态。时间状语 For centuries 与现在完成时连用，主语 scholars 为复数，故填 have interpreted。 1. freedom。考查词类转换。介词 for 后接名词作宾语，longed for freedom 意为"渴望自由"，故填 freedom。 1. more contradictory。考查形容词比较级。空前 far 修饰比较级，且与上句 Some see... others find... 形成对比，故填 more contradictory。 1. that。考查结果状语从句。"so complex ______ no single explanation..." 为 so...that... 结构，故填 that。 1. to be reduced。考查非谓语动词。refuse 后接不定式作宾语；poems 与 reduce 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系（"被简化为"），故填不定式的被动式 to be reduced。 1. dimensions。考查名词单复数。dimension 意为"方面；维度"，空前无冠词，表泛指且与 new 搭配，用复数 dimensions。 1. an。考查冠词。open 以元音音素开头，an open mind 意为"开放的心态"，故填 an。 参考译文： 李白（701—762），人称"诗仙"，一千多年来一直令中国读者着迷。二十多岁离开四川后，他辗转各地，对着月下江水叹息，以酒颂友情。他最脍炙人口的诗句读来宛如灵感突至，却押韵自然天成，把山间明月、别离之酒这些日常景象化作令人难忘的比喻。一轮明月可以暗含乡愁，一条奔流的大江可以暗示时光的流逝。 千百年来，学者们对李白诗歌的阐释层出不穷：有人从中看到一位渴望自由的道家梦想家，也有人看到一个更为矛盾的形象——骄傲却孤独，自信又不安。事实上，他的诗太过复杂，没有任何一种解读能够完全把握。也许这正是关键所在：伟大的诗篇拒绝被简化为单一的含义。每一次重读，它们都会开启思想的新维度，所求不过是我们开放的心态与一点点耐心。 第二篇　 答案速查：1. largest　2. frozen　3. cast　4. have brought　5. constantly　6. what　7. knowing　8. in　9. which　10. but 逐题详解： 1. largest。考查形容词最高级。定冠词 the 后接形容词，句末 in the world 为典型提示，故用最高级 largest。 1. frozen。考查非谓语动词。treasures 与 freeze 为被动关系（"被凝固在时间中"），freeze 的过去分词为 frozen，作后置定语。 1. cast。考查过去分词。bronzes 与 cast 为被动关系；cast 为不规则动词，过去分词与原形同形（cast–cast–cast），作后置定语。 1. have brought。考查动词时态与主谓一致。In recent years 提示现在完成时，a group of... craftsmen 表复数概念，谓语用 have brought。 1. constantly。考查词类转换。修饰动词 comparing，用副词 constantly，意为"不断地"。 1. what。考查名词性从句。介词 with 后的宾语从句中缺主语（指"档案中所存的内容"），故填 what。 1. knowing。考查非谓语动词。主语 Restorers 与 know 为主动关系，现在分词短语作伴随状语。 1. in。考查介词。"在干燥的冬天"用 in a dry winter。 1. which。考查定语从句。先行词为 The documentary（指物），非限制性定语从句缺主语，故填 which。 1. but。考查固定结构。"not fame ______ the satisfaction" 为 not...but... 结构，意为"不是……而是……"。 参考译文： 在北京东城区深处，坐落着紫禁城——世界上最大的古代宫殿建筑群。殿宇之内，一件件珍宝凝固了数个世纪的时光：三千年前铸造的青铜器、镀金钟表、薄绢上的绘画。近年来，一群安静的匠人让其中许多重获新生。 这里的修复工作需要非凡的耐心和缜密的逻辑。修复师可能要用数月时间察觉最细微的裂纹，不断将它与档案中保存的记录比对，再等待合适的季节才动手。他们还会体谅天气的"脾气"——深知干燥冬天里一次粗心的触碰就可能让历史遭受不可挽回的损伤。 2016 年播出的纪录片《我在故宫修文物》让这些匠人一夜之间成为全民敬仰的人物。但对他们而言，真正的回报不是名声，而是与历史握手的满足感。正如一位修复师所说："只有当你的内心完全沉静下来，你才能听见一件古老器物想对你说的话。" 第三篇　 答案速查：1. in　2. lie　3. to protect　4. clues　5. dwellers　6. stability　7. who　8. for　9. digitally　10. but 逐题详解： 1. in。考查介词。"在莫高窟中"用 in the Mogao Grottoes。 1. lie。考查主谓一致与倒装。Inside 位于句首引起完全倒装，动词应与后面的真正主语 tens of thousands of manuscripts 保持一致，故用复数 lie。 1. to protect。考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语，意为"（藏起来）大概是为了保护它们免受战乱"，protect...from... 为固定搭配。 1. clues。考查名词单复数。clue 意为"线索"，为可数名词，priceless 后用复数 clues。 1. dwellers。考查词类转换。dwell 为动词，此处指"居民"，与 ordinary 搭配用名词复数 dwellers（city/town dwellers 为常见表达）。 1. stability。考查词类转换。介词 and 连接并列名词 peace and stability（和平与稳定），stable 的名词为 stability。 1. who。考查定语从句。先行词为 foreign explorers（指人），非限制性定语从句缺主语，故填 who。 1. for。考查固定搭配。blame sb/sth for sth 意为"把……归咎于……"，故填 for。 1. digitally。考查词类转换。修饰动词 are scanning，用副词 digitally，意为"以数字化方式"。 1. but。考查连词。前后分句为转折关系："沙漠的空气或许严酷无情，但敦煌的故事远未结束。"故填 but。 参考译文： 敦煌，如今只是茫茫戈壁边缘一座偏远的小城，曾是丝绸之路上繁盛一时的十字路口。1900 年，道士王圆箓在莫高窟中无意间发现一处封闭的洞窟。洞内藏着数以万计的写本——佛经、契约、民歌与古老传说——约在公元 1000 年前后被封存，大概是为了使它们免遭战火。 翻检这批文献，历史学家找到了关于丝绸之路生活的珍贵线索：在和平与安定的唐代，寻常百姓如何买卖、祈祷、娱乐。这些写本甚至为后世的小说家和画家提供了丰富素材。不幸的是，发现的消息很快引来外国探险者，他们掠走了数千卷文书。直到今天，许多人仍把这场劫难归咎于晚清政府的孱弱，而非王圆箓一人。 为守护劫余文物，专家们正以数字化方式扫描每一卷文书，"数字敦煌"项目让世界各地的人都能在线欣赏那些辉煌的洞窟。大漠的空气或许严酷无情，但敦煌的故事远未结束。 第四篇　 答案速查：1. have stepped　2. vitality　3. running　4. which　5. to look　6. creators　7. freedom　8. tolerant　9. because　10. what 逐题详解： 1. have stepped。考查动词时态。语境为"你或许觉得自己已经走进了一幅山水画"，feel 后宾语从句强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时。 1. vitality。考查词类转换。介词 of 后接名词，full of vitality 意为"充满生机"，vital 的名词为 vitality。 1. running。考查非谓语动词。never running straight 与 bend 相呼应，作 paths 的补充说明（现在分词），表示"从不径直延伸"。 1. which。考查定语从句。先行词为 Taoism（指物），非限制性定语从句缺主语，故填 which。 1. to look。考查非谓语动词。be arranged to do sth 意为"被布置得……"，不定式作主语补足语，故填 to look。 1. creators。考查词类转换。定冠词 The 后接名词作主语，谓语 sought 表明主语为复数（指造园者们），create 的名词为 creator，故填 creators。 1. freedom。考查词类转换。介词 between...and... 连接并列名词 duty and freedom（责任与自由），free 的名词为 freedom。 1. tolerant。考查词类转换。be tolerant of 意为"对……宽容/不在意"，名词 tolerance 的形容词为 tolerant。 1. because。考查状语从句。"太湖石正因为看似饱经风霜才被人珍视"，前后为因果关系，且 precisely 强调原因，最佳答案为 because。 1. what。考查名词性从句。perceiving 后的宾语从句中，call 缺核心宾语（they called ______ the breath of nature），指物且无先行词，故填 what。 参考译文： 在薄雾弥漫的清晨漫步于苏州古典园林，你或许觉得自己已然走进一幅山水画。这些园林占地不过数亩，却意在把天地之辽阔收进方寸之间：微缩的假山、充满生机的池塘，以及绕亭而过、从不径直延伸的小径。 这种设计折射出道家的哲学——崇尚自然与不受拘束。皇宫殿宇以中轴对称体现儒家的秩序，园林里的山石溪流却刻意布置得仿佛全无人工痕迹。造园者追求一种理想中的平衡：书斋之内是职责与秩序，园林之中是自由与内心的安宁。他们对"不完美"也格外宽容——太湖石恰恰因看似饱经风霜而备受珍视。 对营建这些退隐之所的文人来说，园林是滋养性灵的地方。公务缠身一整日后，他们会把功名心搁置一旁，静坐水边，在这片宁静中体察他们称之为"自然之息"的东西。 第五篇　 答案速查：1. bravely　2. an　3. caged　4. that　5. treading　6. bent　7. to join　8. legends　9. that/which　10. curiosity 逐题详解： 1. bravely。考查词类转换。修饰动词 accepted，用副词 bravely，意为"勇敢地"。 1. an。考查冠词。form an alliance with... 意为"与……结成同盟"，alliance 以元音音素开头，故填 an。 1. caged。考查词类转换与被动语态。cage 作动词意为"把……关进笼子"，Zhang 与 cage 为被动关系，be caged like a prisoner 意为"像囚徒一样被囚禁"。 1. that。考查同位语从句。belief 后的从句解释 belief 的具体内容，从句成分完整，故填 that。 1. treading。考查非谓语动词。he 与 tread 为主动关系，现在分词与 and climbing 并列作伴随状语；tread 意为"踩踏、跋涉"。 1. bent。考查动词时态及不规则变化。定语从句描述过去的事实，bend 的过去式为 bent，意为"弯曲、拐折"。 1. to join。考查非谓语动词。persuade sb to do sth 为固定搭配，故填 to join。 1. legends。考查名词单复数。与 products, armies 并列，legend 意为"传说"，用复数 legends。 1. that/which。考查定语从句。先行词为 the routes（指物），定语从句缺主语，填 that 或 which 均可。 1. curiosity。考查词类转换。介词 of 后接名词，courage and curiosity 意为"勇气与好奇心"，curious 的名词为 curiosity。 参考译文： 公元前 138 年，年轻郎官张骞勇敢地接受了一项将改变历史的使命：出使西域，劝说遥远的邦国与汉结盟。朝中几乎无人敢去。 这趟旅程险象环生。张骞两度被匈奴俘获，像囚徒一样被禁锢十余年，但他从未放弃"大漠之外自有汉之朋友"的信念。逃脱之后，他继续西行，踏过白日烈阳灼烧、夜里寒霜侵骨的不毛之地，攀过沿冰崖急转而上的山路。 他历经无数磨难，遇见了无数汉使从未到过的部族。虽然未能说动每一个邦国加盟，他却带回了中亚三十六国的第一手见闻——物产、军备与传说。此后商路渐开，那些后来被称为"丝绸之路"的道路，与其说是一条路，不如说是一张在山川间分岔延展的巨网。 正如史学家司马迁所言，张骞为中国"凿空"了一个新世界。他的使命至今仍是勇气与好奇心的胜利。 第六篇　 答案速查：1. listed　2. a　3. distinguishes　4. exaggeration　5. characterizes　6. entitled　7. who　8. patience　9. shortening　10. to 逐题详解： 1. listed。考查非谓语动词。Peking Opera 与 list 为被动关系（"被联合国教科文组织列入"），过去分词短语作非限制性定语。 1. a。考查冠词。regard...as 后接单数可数名词，representative 以辅音音素开头，a representative of... 意为"……的代表之一"。 1. distinguishes。考查词类转换与主谓一致。主语为 What 引导的主语从句（谓语用单数），此处需要动词"区别、使有别于"，distinguish 按单数主语加 -s。 1. exaggeration。考查词类转换。不定冠词 a 与 delightful 后接名词，exaggerate 的名词为 exaggeration（夸张手法）。 1. characterizes。考查主谓一致。主语 a red face 为单数，characterize（是……的特征）按第三人称单数加 -s。 1. entitled。考查词类转换与非谓语动词。(be) entitled 意为"题为……"，过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 The masterpiece。 1. who。考查定语从句。先行词为 Mei Lanfang（指人），非限制性定语从句缺主语，故填 who。 1. patience。考查词类转换。定冠词 the 后接名词，show patience 意为"显出耐心"，patient 的名词为 patience。 1. shortening。考查词类转换与非谓语动词。they are ______ classic pieces 为现在进行时，short 作动词意为"缩短"，故填现在分词 shortening。 1. to。考查固定搭配。owe a debt to sb/sth 意为"欠……的情/债"，故填介词 to。 参考译文： 2010 年被联合国教科文组织列入人类非物质文化遗产名录的京剧，拥有两百多年的历史，常被视为中国传统表演艺术的代表。它区别于西方歌剧的，是其醒目而高度程式化的风格：一根马鞭代表一匹马，一桌二椅可以是城门——观众乐呵呵地接受这种可爱的夸张。 颜色也会"说话"：红脸代表忠义，白脸暗示奸诈。乔装改扮同样是观众钟爱的题材：当女英雄女扮男装时，台下观众便沉浸在"识破冒名者"的妙趣之中。 名剧《霸王别姬》讲述古代末路英雄项羽的最后一夜。梅兰芳以令人难忘的曼妙身段演绎虞姬，将这门艺术推向新的高峰。他的唱腔颤音悠长，能把寻常唱词化作华美的乐章。 在快速工业化的时代，这门古老艺术遭遇了不容乐观的现实：被短视频不断"投喂"的年轻观众，很少有耐心坐完三个小时的演出。但许多剧团并不打算与传统彻底决裂，而是为小屏幕缩短、精编经典折子戏，同时守住艺术的魂。教育界则一直倡导让京剧走进课堂，相信每个中国学子都欠传统一份情债。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $