Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦体育习语这一核心知识点，系统梳理其起源、意义及用法，通过“阅读主旨与结构—细节理解—思维提升—复杂句分析—语篇填空”的学习支架，构建从语言输入到输出的完整脉络。 该资料以体育习语为载体，设计批判性与创造性思维活动，如分析习语理解难度、列举中文体育习语，培养思维品质。语言点部分详解词汇拓展与句型结构，提升语言能力，课中通过互动活动增强教学效果，课后作业助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment Part Ⅰ　Reading Comprehension Activity 1　Reading for main idea and structure 1.Skim to find out the main idea of the passage． The passage mainly tells us the origin， the meaning and the usage of some English idioms from sports． 2.Read for structure and clues． Activity 2　Reading for details Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers． 1.What can we learn about idioms？（　　） A．They are easy to understand literally． B．They bring much trouble to people． C．They only exist in written language． D．They make the language colourful． 2.What can you say if a local council makes a decision which backfires？（　　） A．It scores an own goal． B．It throws in the towel． C．It is below the belt． D．It throws someone a curveball． 3.Which situation can be described by using the idiom “Three strikes and you are out”？（　　） A．You lose three points in a baseball match． B．It is the third time that you have succeeded in scoring． C．It is the third time that you have failed in a job interview． D．You have participated in baseball matches three times． 4.Which word can replace the word “ring” in the last paragraph but one？（　　） A．Stage．　 B．Competition area． C．Playground．　 D．Stadium． 5.What does it mean if a man says the figures are “in the ballpark”？（　　） A．He estimated the figures roughly． B．He estimated the figures accurately． C．He estimated the figures correctly． D．He estimated the figures are in the ballpark． 6.What is the author’s purpose of introducing these sports idioms？（　　） A．To warn readers not to use idioms at random． B．To provide some interesting information to amuse readers． C．To make readers aware of the importance of sports and idioms． D．To encourage readers to use as many sports idioms as possible． 答案：1－6　DACBAC Activity 3　Reading for elevating thinking 1.Do you find it easy to understand the meaning and usage of each idiom？ （Critical Thinking 批判性思维） I think the author makes it very easy for readers to understand what the idioms mean and how to use them．For example， the author uses expressions， such as “Let’s take a look ．．．” “Can you imagine that ．．．” and “We use this expression to ．．．” to make readers feel like he is talking to them directly． 2.Do you know any Chinese sports idioms？ Please give some examples．（Creative Thinking 创造性思维） ①百发百中：It means shooting with unfailing accuracy．This idiom is used to describe excellent shooting skills．It is also used when someone is quite certain of something． ②田忌赛马：It refers to a strategy based on game theory to win a horse racing．This idiom reveals how one can win by using their own strengths against others’ shortcomings． ③十八般武艺：It refers to the ability to use 18 kinds of weapons skillfully．This idiom is now used to describe one’s versatility． Activity 4　Reading for analyzing complex sentences 1. 尝试翻译：在足球中，进乌龙球的意思是不小心将球踢进或顶进了自己队的球门，而这是一名球员所能遇到的最糟糕的情况之一。 2. 尝试翻译：因此，即便我们在棒球比赛中并不知道球的准确位置，我们仍然可以认定它就在球场内的某处。 Activity 5　Fill in the blanks according to the text 　　Lots of sports idioms have found their way 1.into everyday language， which make language more colourful and expressive．The English language is full of idioms which are thought 2.to have come （come） from football， such as “moving the goalposts”， “scoring an own goal”．“Moving the goalposts”3.means （mean） they unfairly change the rules or 4.requirements （require） of a process while “scoring an own goal” means that someone makes a bad mistake which 5.unintentionally （intentional） harms their own interests．Baseball is another old and popular sport that has given the English language many different idioms．“Three strikes and you are out” is also an idiom that is often used to talk about situations 6.where you miss three chances．English also has a large number of idioms 7.related （relate） to boxing， which has been a popular sport for thousands of years．Sport is 8.challenging （challenge） and so is the study of the English language．Work hard， be careful not to score 9.an own goal， and you are sure to make 10.it! Sports idioms 　　Every language has its idioms， which are groups of words with meanings different from the meanings of the individual words．Idioms make language more colourful and expressive①．Since sport is an inseparable part of day－to－day life②， there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language③．Let’s take a look at some of them! 　　Football 　　Football （or soccer， as it is called in the USA） is one of the most popular sports in the world and many countries have their own football leagues④．The English language is full of idioms which are thought to have come from football． 　　As you know， in a football match， players try to kick or head the ball⑤into the opposing team’s goal⑥， which is the net between two big goalposts fixed to the ground⑦．［1］Can you imagine that every time you have a chance to score⑧， the goalposts are moved？ That would be not only difficult， but also upsetting．If someone “moves the goalposts⑨” in everyday life， it means they unfairly change the rules or requirements for something．An insurance salesman who is about to reach his annual sales target⑩， only for the company to make the target higher， could rightly complain about the company moving the goalposts． 　　Thankfully， goalposts do not really move — but when a player scores an own goal， he or she might wish they did．“Scoring an own goal⑪” in football means accidentally kicking or heading the ball into one’s own net， and it is one of the worst things that can happen to a football player．If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests⑫， they are said to have scored an own goal．You might see this expression in the newspapers when the local council makes a decision⑬ which backfires terribly⑭! 　　Baseball 　　Baseball is an old and popular sport⑮ that has given the English language many different idioms．You might have heard expressions like “in the ballpark⑯” or “a ballpark estimate⑰”．The venue where a baseball game is played is called a ballpark．［2］So， even if we do not know exactly where the ball is during the game， we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark．For this reason， people use the expression “in the ballpark” or “a ballpark estimate” to talk about rough estimates⑱． 　　Another common baseball expression is “throwing someone a curveball⑲”．Curveballs are balls that suddenly turn in the air， and these are of course difficult for the other team to handle．We use this expression to describe things that are unexpected and difficult to respond to．“Three strikes and you are out⑳” is another idiom that comes from baseball．As it suggests， in baseball this means that a batter （the person with the baseball bat in his or her hands） is out after making three unsuccessful attempts to hit the ball㉑．This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three chances． 　　Boxing 　　English also has a large number of idioms connected with boxing， which has been a popular sport for thousands of years．A boxer is not allowed to use his or her fists to hit the opponent㉒below the waist．Hence comes the idiom “below the belt㉓”．In day－to－day life， if someone makes an unfair and cruel remark㉔， we can describe it as “below the belt”． 　　“Throwing in the towel㉕” is another common idiom that comes from boxing．When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own， the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight．In everyday life， this idiom simply means admitting defeat㉖and giving up． 　　Sport is challenging and so is life．［3］However， when you are thrown a curveball， do not throw in the towel — work hard， be careful not to score an own goal， and you are sure to make it㉗! Paras.1－4 Ⅰ．学语块之美 ①使语言更加生动且富有表现力 ②日常生活中不可缺失的一部分 ③融入日常语言 ④拥有自己的足球联赛 ⑤用脚踢或用头顶球 ⑥对方球队的球门 ⑦固定在地上的球门柱 ⑧有机会得分 ⑨改变条件（或规则） ⑩达到他的年度销售目标 ⑪（足球）进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事 ⑫无意中损害自身利益 ⑬做出决定 ⑭（计划等）产生严重的反效果 Ⅱ．赏词句之妙 ［1］句式结构之美：设问句 Can you imagine ．．．？开头，直接与读者互动，引发共情与思考。从句every time ．．．营造出一种充满希望的时刻，主句the goalposts are moved带来戏剧性的转折，形成强烈的反差。第二句用That would be ．．．对假设情景进行评价，not only ．．．but also ．．．并列结构，从客观难度（difficult）和主观情绪（upsetting）递进地揭示了其负面影响。 词法表达之美：score一词一语双关，既指足球中的“得分”，也隐喻生活中“获得成功的机会”，简洁有力。the goalposts are moved是习语move the goalposts的场景化描述。 Paras.5－9 Ⅰ．学语块之美 ⑮一项古老而受欢迎的运动 ⑯差不多 ⑰大致相近的估计 ⑱谈论大致的估计 ⑲给某人出难题/（向某人）抛出曲线球 ⑳三振出局 ㉑连续三次未能击中 ㉒用拳头击打对手 ㉓不公正的，伤人的 ㉔发表不公正且残酷的言论 ㉕（往拳台上）扔毛巾；（比喻）认输，承认失败 ㉖承认失败 ㉗（经历艰难困苦后）成功 Ⅱ．赏词句之妙 ［2］句式结构之美：So承上启下， even if引导的让步状语从句构建了一个生动的假设场景。主句we can assume that ．．．则引入基于常理的推断，体现了英语中“先铺垫条件，后得出结论”的典型逻辑结构。 词法表达之美：somewhere（某处）一词，与下文rough estimates （粗略估计）的语义完美呼应。 ［3］句式结构之美：这是一个结构精巧、富有韵律的祈使句群。以However转折开场，用when引导时间状语从句设定困境场景。破折号后连续使用三个并列的祈使短语：work hard、be careful not to ．．．和you are sure to ．．．，形成强烈的排比气势。 词法表达之美：两个throw相关短语的首尾呼应，形成巧妙的语言对称，但意义截然相反，对比鲜明，强化了“坚持 vs．放弃”的主题。score an own goal将足球习语自然嵌入到关于应对人生挑战的论述中，生动警示了因自身失误而导致失败的风险。口语化的动词短语make it作为结尾，简洁有力、充满希望。 参考译文 体育习语 　　每种语言都有自己的习语。习语是一组词汇，它的意思不同于每个单独的词。习语让语言更为丰富多彩、更具表现力。由于体育运动是日常生活中不可缺失的一部分，许多体育习语也已融入人们的日常语言。让我们来看看其中几个吧! 　　足球 　　足球（在美国又叫 soccer）是世界上最受欢迎的体育运动之一，许多国家都有自己的足球联赛。英语中有许多习语被认为源自足球。 　　如你所知，在一场足球比赛中，球员们试图将球踢进或顶进对方球队的球门，也就是固定在地上的两根粗大门柱之间的那张球门网。你能想象，每次你有机会进球时，门柱却被移动了吗？那样的情形不仅难以应对，而且令人沮丧。如果在日常生活中有人 move the goalposts （改变条件或规则），这意味着这些人不公正地改变了某件事情的规则或要求。如果一位保险销售员就快达到年度销售目标了，而公司却在这时提高了销售目标，那么他就可以正当地抱怨公司 move the goalposts。 　　谢天谢地，门柱并不会真的移动——但是当一名球员 score an own goal （进乌龙球）时，他或她说不定会希望球门真能移动。在足球中，进乌龙球的意思是不小心将球踢进或顶进了自己队的球门，而这是一名球员所能遇到的最糟糕的情况之一。如果有人犯下了无意中损害自身利益的严重错误，那么人们就会说，这样的人是在进乌龙球。如果地方议会作出了一项决策，结果却适得其反，那么你也许就会在报纸上看到这个说法! 　　棒球 　　棒球是一项古老而广受欢迎的体育运动，它也为英语提供了许多不同的习语。你也许听过in the ballpark （差不多）或是a ballpark estimate （大致相近的估计）这样的说法。进行棒球比赛的场地被称为棒球场。因此，即便我们在棒球比赛中并不知道球的准确位置，我们仍然可以认定它就在球场内的某处。为此，人们会用in the ballpark 或者 a ballpark estimate 这样的说法来谈论粗略的估计。 　　另一个常见的棒球相关说法是 throw someone a curveball （给某人出难题）。曲线球是指能在空中突然转向的球，而这种球必然会让对方球队难以应付。我们用这个说法来形容那些出乎意料又难以应对的事情。three strikes and you are out （三振出局）是另一个来自棒球的习语。正如字面意思所说，三振出局在棒球运动中指的是击球手 （手持棒球球棒的人） 如果连续三次未能击中，就会出局。这个习语经常用于谈论某人错失三次良机后失败的情况。 　　拳击 　　英语中也有大量习语与拳击有关，这是一项数千年来一直很受欢迎的运动。拳击手不允许用拳头击打对手腰部以下的部位。因此有了 below the belt （不正当的，伤人的） 这个习语。在日常生活中，如果有人发表了有失公允的刻薄评论，我们就可以形容这种评论是 below the belt。 　　throw in the towel （认输，承认失败） 是另一个来自拳击的常用习语。当一名拳击手输得很惨，并且因太过疲惫或思维太混乱而无法自己宣告放弃时，教练就会真的扔一条毛巾到擂台上，示意结束对抗。在日常生活中，这个习语就是“承认失败，放弃”的意思。 　　体育运动充满了挑战，生活同样也是如此。然而，当你遇到难题时，不要放弃——努力奋斗，注意别进乌龙球，你就一定会成功! Part Ⅱ　Language Points Ⅰ．阅读词汇 1.after half－marathon race半程马拉松赛跑之后 2.a chest infection　　胸部感染 3.amateurs and professionals　　业余运动员和职业运动员 4.top singers， dancers and celebrities顶级歌手、舞蹈演员和名人 5.lose one’s dignity　　丧失尊严 6.proverbs and idioms　　谚语和习语 7.be top of the league　　占据联赛榜首 8.fishing nets　　渔网 9.life/car/house insurance　　人寿/汽车/房屋保险 10.a city/county/district council 　　市/县/区政务委员会 11.the plan backfired计划产生了事与愿违的不良后果 12.the billion－dollar ballpark　　耗资十亿美元的棒球场 13.the date and venue of the game　　比赛的时间和场地 14.a clean towel　　一条干净的毛巾 15.take/understand sth literally　　按字面理解某物 Ⅱ．写作词汇 1.sprain her ankle扭伤脚踝 2.chairman of the Students’ Union　　学生会主席 3.tears poured down his cheeks 　　眼泪顺着脸颊簌簌地落下 4.typist， salesman， deliverer and so forth 　　打字员、推销员、投递员等 5.get fed up with his constant complaining 　　厌烦他不停地发牢骚 6.clench her fists to stop herself trembling 　　她紧握双拳，克制住颤抖 7.slowly bend from the waist　　慢慢弯下腰 8.make a remark　　发表评论 Ⅲ．多义词汇 1.①a training session　 一节训练课 ②a closed－door session　　一次闭门会议 ③the autumn/spring session　　秋季/春季学期 2.①draft the constitution　　起草宪法 ②a strong/weak constitution 　　强健的/虚弱的体质 ③the genetic constitution　　遗传构造 3.①handle a vehicle/machine　　操控车辆/机器 ②a door/cup handle　　门/杯子把手 ③handle a problem/crisis/complaint　　处理问题/危机/投诉 Ⅳ．拓展词汇 1.gradually adv．逐渐地，逐步地→gradual adj．逐渐的，逐步的 2.limit n．限度，限制；限量，限额；界限 vt．限制，限定；限量，减量→limited adj．有限的→limitless adj．无限的→limitation n．范围；限制 3.opponent n．对手，竞争者；反对者→opposing adj．对抗的；相反的→opposed adj．强烈反对的；截然不同的 4.unselfish adj．无私的，忘我的→selfish adj．自私的→selfless adj．无私的→selfishness n．自私自利→selflessness n．无私，忘我 5.complain vi．& vt．抱怨，投诉→complaint n．不满；抱怨；埋怨；投诉 6.unintentionally adv．无意地，非故意地→intention n．打算；计划；意图；目的→intentional adj．故意的；有意的；存心的→intentionally adv．故意地，有意地 7.cruel adj．刻毒伤人的，残酷的→cruelty n．残忍；残酷；残暴→cruelly adv．残酷地；残忍地 Ⅴ．短语互译 1.walk on air欢天喜地，得意扬扬 2.keep sth in perspective　　正确客观地看待 3.find one’s way into　　偶然来到，无意中处于 4.move the goalposts　　改变条件（或规则） 5.score an own goal　　进乌龙球；无意中做让自己吃亏的事 6.in the ballpark　　差不多 7.a ballpark estimate　　大致相近的估计 8.throw sb a curveball　　给某人出难题 9.three strikes and you are out　　三振出局 10.below the belt　　不公正的，伤人的 11.throw in the towel　　认输，承认失败 12.reflect on　　反思 13.get through to the end　　坚持到底 14.in praise of　　表彰，表扬 Ⅵ．完成句子 1.make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Idioms make language more colourful and expressive． 习语让语言更为丰富多彩、更具表现力。 2.关系副词引导定语从句 The venue where a baseball game is played is called a ballpark． 进行棒球比赛的场地被称为棒球场。 3.even if引导让步状语从句 So， even if we do not know exactly where the ball is during the game， we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark． 因此，即便我们在棒球比赛中并不知道球的准确位置，我们仍然可以认定它就在球场内的某处。 4.完全倒装 Hence comes the idiom “below the belt”． 因此有了below the belt（不正当的，伤人的）这个习语。 5.so引起的部分倒装结构 Sport is challenging and so is life． 体育运动充满了挑战，生活同样也是如此。 6.祈使句＋and＋陈述句 ．．．work hard， be careful not to score an own goal， and you are sure to make it! ……努力奋斗，注意别进乌龙球，你就一定会成功! 写作词汇集释 1.find one’s way into偶然来到，无意中处于 教材原句　Since sport is an inseparable part of day－to－day life， there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way into everyday language． 由于体育运动是日常生活中不可缺失的一部分，许多体育习语也已融入人们的日常语言。 【用法】 in the way妨碍……；挡某人的路 in a way　　在某种程度上 all the way　　一直，始终 on the way （to）　　在（去……的）途中 on the way out 即将被淘汰；即将过时 lose one’s way　　迷路 make one’s way to　　前往，到……去 pave the way for　　为……铺平道路 wind one’s way　　蜿蜒而行 【佳句】　A little girl called Lucy found her way into a strange， snowy world． 一个叫露西的小女孩无意中来到一个陌生的雪域世界。 【练透】　用way的相关短语填空 ①The employees’ hard work and innovation paved the way for the company’s rapid development． ②The tourists lost their way in the fog， and the guide couldn’t find the path either． ③The Great Wall winds its way across north China like a huge dragon． 【写美】　微写作 ④会议结束后，我们将会前往餐厅吃晚饭。 After the meeting， we will all make our way to the restaurant for dinner． 2.opposing adj．对抗的；相反的→oppose vt．反对；反抗；抵制；阻挠；与（某人）较量→opposed adj．相反的，反对的→opposition n．对抗，反抗→opposite adj．相对的，对面的 n．反义词，对立的事物 教材原句　As you know， in a football match， players try to kick or head the ball into the opposing team’s goal， which is the net between two big goalposts fixed to the ground．如你所知，在一场足球比赛中，球员们试图将球踢进或顶进对方球队的球门，也就是固定在地上的两根粗大门柱之间的那张球门网。 【用法】 （1）opposing views/opinions/arguments相反观点/意见/论点 opposing sides　　对立双方 （2）oppose （one’s） doing sth　　反对（某人）做某事 （3）be opposed to （doing） sth　　反对（做）某事 as opposed to　　与……相反；而不是 （4）in opposition to　　反对；违背 【佳句】　His parents strongly opposed his dropping out of college． 他的父母强烈反对他从大学退学。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Many educators strongly oppose protecting （protect） children too much． ②He is not opposed （oppose） to changing his plan if there is a better alternative． ③It is common that parents and children hold opposing （oppose） views on the same subject． 【写美】　词汇升级 ④As for the plan， some agree while others don’t．I’m one of those against it． →As for the plan， some agree while others don’t．I’m one of those opposed to it． 3.complain vi．& vt．抱怨，投诉→complaint n．不满；抱怨；埋怨；投诉 教材原句　An insurance salesman who is about to reach his annual sales target， only for the company to make the target higher， could rightly complain about the company moving the goalposts．如果一位保险销售员就快达到年度销售目标了，而公司却在这时提高了销售目标，那么他就可以正当地抱怨公司 move the goalposts。 【用法】 （1）complain （to sb） about/of sth=complain （to sb） （that） ．．．（向某人）抱怨某事 （2）make a complaint （about） 　　（对……）提出投诉 have a complaint against/about ．．．　　对……有怨言 a letter of complaint　　一封投诉信 【佳句】　The customers are complaining about the poor service in this restaurant． 顾客们正在抱怨这家餐厅糟糕的服务。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①（北师大选必四）He moved out of his rented flat after complaints （complain） from his neighbours about disturbing the peace． ②Neighbourhood residents complain frequently about/of their driveways being blocked by illegally parked cars． 【写美】　微写作 ③如果你要投诉，你得亲自去见我们的经理。 If you wish to make a complaint， you have to see our manager for yourself． 4.cruel adj．刻毒伤人的，残酷的→cruelty n．残酷；残忍；残暴→cruelly adv．残酷地；残忍地 教材原句　In day－to－day life， if someone makes an unfair and cruel remark， we can describe it as “below the belt”．在日常生活中，如果有人发表了有失公允的刻薄评论，我们就可以形容这种评论是 below the belt。 【用法】 （1）be cruel to对……残酷 a cruel punishment　　残酷的惩罚 have a cruel tongue　　说话刻薄 （2）cruelty to animals　　对动物的残酷 【佳句】　Thinking on his feet， Lin started to tell a story about a cruel Roman emperor who tried to feed a man to wild animals． 林（语堂）急中生智，开始讲述一个残忍的罗马皇帝要把一个人喂给野兽的故事。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Long long ago， there lived a king who was cruel to his people． ②There are strict laws against cruelty （cruel） to animals in many countries． ③In Britain， if you treat animals cruelly （cruel）， you will be taken to court． 【写美】　微写作 ④她说话刻薄，经常伤害别人的感情。 She has a cruel tongue that often hurts the feelings of others． 5.remark n．谈论，言论 vi．& vt．说起，评论→remarkable adj．非凡的；显著的，值得注意的→remarkably adv．非凡地；显著地 【用法】 （1）make a remark/remarks on/upon/about ．．． 就……发表意见，评论……　 （2）remark on/upon sth　评论/谈论某事 remark that ．．．　　谈到/说起……　 （3）be remarkable for以……著称；因……引人瞩目 【佳句】　The place you referred to just now is remarkable for its amazing scenery． 你刚才提到的那个地方以其迷人的景色而闻名。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Faced with the reporter’s questioning， he refused to remark on/upon any adjustments to the policy． 【写美】　一句多译 ②评论别人的私事是不礼貌的。 →It’s impolite to make a remark/remarks on/upon/about others’ personal affairs．（remark n．） →It’s impolite to remark on/upon others’ personal affairs．（remark vi．） 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：sb/sth be said to have done ．．．据说某人/某物已经做了…… 教材原句　If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests， they are said to have scored an own goal． 如果有人犯下了无意中损害自身利益的严重错误，那么人们就会说，这样的人是在进乌龙球。 【用法】 （1）本句的主句属于sb/sth be said to have done ．．．句型，该句型常改写成It is said that ．．．（据说/认为……）或People say that ．．．（人们相信/认为……）。 （2）除say外，用于此句型的词还有believe， think， report， estimate， suggest， know， report， estimate等。 （3）本句型可根据情况用to do的各种形式， to do表示谓语动词之后发生的动作； to be doing表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作； to have done表示先于谓语动词发生的动作。 ①be said to be/do ．．．据说是/做…… ②be said to be doing sth据说正在做某事 ③be said to have done sth据说已经做了某事 【品悟】　He is said to be a direct descendant of the famous artist． =It is said that he is a direct descendant of the famous artist． =People say that he is a direct descendant of the famous artist． 据说他是那位著名艺术家的直系后代。 【写美】　句型转换/一句多译 ①The ancient temple is estimated to have been built over a thousand years ago． →It is estimated that the ancient temple was built over a thousand years ago． ②It is said that the doctor is studying abroad now， which will help him a lot． →The doctor is said to be studying abroad now， which will help him a lot． ③It is said that at least one policeman was injured in the accident． →At least one policeman is said to have been injured in the accident． ④Hard work is believed to lead to success． →It is believed that hard work can lead to success． ⑤据报道该市目前正在建造一家新商场。 →A new shopping mall is reported to be being built in the city at present． →It is reported that a new shopping mall is being built in the city at present． 2.句型公式：先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句 教材原句　This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three chances． 这个习语经常用于谈论某人错失三次良机后失败的情况。 【用法】 （1）当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词， 如activity， point， position， situation， case， stage等， 如果引导词在从句中作状语， 常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 （2）如果引导词作主语、宾语或表语， 则用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。 【品悟】　You may encounter a situation where you have to make a difficult choice between your career and your family．你可能会遇到一种情况，在这种情况下你必须在事业和家庭之间做出艰难的抉择。 【写美】　微写作 ①谈判已经到了一个似乎无法再妥协的地步。 The negotiation has reached a point where further compromise seems impossible． ②我们目前处于一个每个决定都伴随着重大风险的局面。 We are now in a situation where every decision carries significant risk． ③项目正处于一个任何失误都可能导致失败的关键阶段。 The project is at a critical stage where any mistake could lead to failure． 3.句型公式：so引起的部分倒装结构 教材原句　Sport is challenging and so is life．体育运动充满了挑战，生活同样也是如此。 【用法】 （1）so引起的部分倒装结构的构成：so＋情态动词/助动词/系动词＋主语，意为“……也……”，表示前一句中主语肯定的情况也适用于后者。在使用时应注意时态和前一句保持一致。 （2）如果前一句是否定句，常用neither或nor引导部分倒装结构。其构成为：neither/nor＋情态动词/助动词/系动词＋主语，意为“……也不……”，表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者。 【品悟】　My deskmate has heard of the news and so have I．我同桌听说了这个消息，我也听说了。 He isn’t interested in music．Neither is his brother． 他对音乐不感兴趣。他哥哥也不感兴趣。 【写美】　微写作 ①我已经完成了我的报告，我的同事也完成了。 I have finished my report， and so has my colleague． ②约翰看了一整晚的电视，杰克也一样。 John spent the whole evening watching TV， and so did Jack． ③我从来没去过上海，他也没去过。 I have never been to Shanghai and neither/nor has he． ④她是一位有才华的音乐家，她的哥哥也是。 She is a talented musician， and so is her brother． 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1.She can skillfully handle customer complaints， turning frustrated clients into loyal ones． 2.After the accident， we realized how important it is to have adequate car insurance． 3.At our planning meeting we heard two opposing opinions． 4.His sharp remarks during the meeting left everyone in an awkward silence． 5.He clenched his fists （拳头） so tightly that his knuckles turned white， and his whole body was shaking with fury． 维度二：词形转换 用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 1.The cruelty （cruel） of the war left countless people homeless and heartbroken． 2.The teaching of history should not be limited （limit） to dates and figures． 3.Had I hurt her unintentionally （intentional）， it’s surely against my will． 4.The customer’s complaint （complain） about the poor quality of the product was taken seriously by the manager． 5.The blue water literally （literal） took their breath away with its exceptional beauty． 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1.她希望有一天能去月球旅行。（虚拟语气） She wishes she could travel to the moon one day． 2.我们队获胜的消息使我们非常高兴。（make＋宾语＋宾补） The news that our team had won made us very happy． 3.我到了为了完成作业而熬夜的地步。（where引导定语从句） I got to the point where I was staying up late to get my homework done． Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　While the remaining 8 teams of the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar compete in the quarter－finals， it is worth noting that it is not only soccer that has captured the world’s attention， but also the video assistant referee （VAR） technology． 　　Like it or hate it， the VAR is a part of football games today． 　　Many football fans question whether the system made the game better or if it added some unnecessary complication to the beautiful game， especially this time in Qatar， as a number of controversial（引起争议的） decisions were made involving VAR — it slows down the game， offside law （越位规则） is sometimes not flexible． 　　The introduction of the VAR means that the top－level football now tends to pause and delay with the on－field referee often waiting for decisions to be made by those located in offices often far away from the stadiums themselves． 　　Actually， the use of video match officials（VMOs） in football was included in the 2018/2019 edition of the Laws of the Game and was already used at the 2018 FIFA World Cup．Since then， the system has been used in over 100 competitions worldwide． 　　Despite criticisms， FIFA thought VAR’s first show to be a success， with referee committee head Pierluigi Collina claiming that 99.3% of “match－changing” decisions were called correctly at the World Cup — very， very close to perfection．Without VAR， referees called 95% of incidents correctly． 　　We should admit that sports tech is still far from perfect in the field of sports events．People’s emotions are not towards those technologies themselves， but the current shortcomings of the application of the technology． 　　The controversies in the football field are not caused by VAR alone as there are too many uncertain factors on the court， which is a part of the game drama．For example， the penalty kick （点球） in the penalty area is judged in a variety of situations． 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了2022年卡塔尔世界杯中VAR（视频助理裁判）技术的应用及其引发的争议。 1.What made fans dissatisfied in Qatar？（　　） A．The use of VAR technology． B．The results of soccer games． C．The changes of match laws． D．The decisions made by coaches． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，利用VAR作出的许多引起争议的裁判决策让球迷不满。 2.What does the underlined word “referee” in paragraph 4 mean？（　　） A．Viewer．　 B．Athlete． C．Judge．　 D．Host． 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，在引入VAR后，球赛经常中断或推迟，因为赛场上的referee经常需要等待远处办公室的那些referees作出决定，再结合常识可推测， referee意为“裁判”。 3.Why did Collina favor the use of VAR？（　　） A．It reduces the burden of the referees． B．It has become a part of football games． C．It is widely applied in many fields of sports． D．Its “match－changing” decisions proved more exact． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知，世界杯上99.3%的“改变比赛”的判罚被认为是正确的判罚，而在没有VAR的情况下，裁判判罚的正确率为95%。VAR被证实判罚准确率更高，所以Collina才会支持VAR。 4.What is probably the best title for the text？（　　） A．World Cup 2022 Is a Turning Point B．Is VAR Technology Ruining Football Games？ C．Should VAR Be Popularized in the Sports World？ D．The 2022 World Cup Saw the First Show of VAR 解析：B　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述VAR这一技术到底能增进比赛的精彩还是会毁坏一场比赛仍然处于争议之中，不同的人有不同的看法。因此B项（VAR技术正在毁掉足球比赛吗？）为文章最佳标题。 B 　　（2026•太原五中阶段检测） World’s loneliest marathon 　　Many of us know about Russia’s Lake Baikal from our textbooks， or by listening to Chinese singer Li Jian’s hit song，Lake Baikal．But over the past decade， the world’s deepest freshwater lake has been in the spotlight for an extreme sport． 　　Each March since 2005， about 150 people from around the world sign up for the Baikal Ice Marathon．They come to explore the lake’s breathtaking beauty and challenge themselves in unpredictable conditions． 　　The 26－mile （41.84－kilometer） journey starts on the lake’s eastern shore．In March， the ice is a meter thick and iron－hard．Runners cross this frozen surface， finishing on the western side of the lake． 　　Known as the “blue eye of Siberia”， Lake Baikal has exceptionally clear waters．This means its ice is almost perfectly transparent．“Seen from above， a runner on the ice looks as if he or she were jogging through space，” The New York Times noted． 　　The landscape might be beautiful， but it’s also harsh．Strong winds blast across the lake and frostbite （冻伤） can occur within half an hour．Runners say the cold climate is what draws them．They want to test their limits． 　　“When you are in such an environment， you don’t have cars around you， and you don’t have the noise around．I think these extreme races allow you to be alone with nature，” Alicja Barahona， a 64－year－old runner from the US， told ABC News． 　　The location offers some strange and unique characteristics for this marathon．The finish line is visible from the start， but the endless white offers no progress markers．The race also ends with little fanfare （喧闹）．Tourists crowding the ice are mostly addicted to snapping themselves and just ignore the runners． 　　For some runners， the absence of spectators （观众） makes the race more challenging， because it’s lonely．They must fight with themselves．“You are alone on Baikal．It is your race．You are alone with yourself．All you need to do is defeat yourself，” Veronique Messina， a French runner， told The Telegraph． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最孤独的马拉松——贝加尔湖冰上马拉松。 5.What can we know about the Baikal Ice Marathon from the text？（　　） A．It takes runners from the northern end to the southern end of the lake． B．It involves extreme weather and beautiful scenery． C．It attracts more and more participants each year． D．It is about 26 kilometers in length． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，自2005年以来，每年三月都会有来自世界各地的大约150人报名参加贝加尔湖冰上马拉松。他们来探索湖泊的惊人之美，在不可预知的条件下挑战自己。即贝加尔湖冰上马拉松包括极端的天气和美丽的风景。 6.In paragraph 5， the underlined word “harsh” probably means “　　　　”．（　　） A．interesting　 B．mysterious C．severe　 D．safe 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下一句可知，强风吹过湖面，半小时内人就会冻伤。由此可推断，景色或许很美，但天气也很恶劣。severe意为“极为恶劣的”，与画线词意义一致。 7.How does the Baikal Ice Marathon differ from other marathons？（　　） A．Only men are allowed to run in this race． B．The runners can see the finish line from the start． C．The runners are often distracted by tourists． D．There are many progress markers on the ice． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前两句可知，比赛地点的设置使贝加尔湖冰上马拉松比赛具备了与众不同的特点。参赛者从起点就可以看到终点线。 8.What is the most challenging part of the race for some runners？（　　） A．Loneliness． B．The long distance． C．The cold climate． D．Noisy surroundings． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，对于一些赛跑者来说，缺少观众使得比赛更具挑战性，因为比赛过程让参赛者感觉很孤单。因此对一些赛跑者来说，孤单是比赛最具挑战性的部分。 Ⅱ．完形填空 　　（2026•江苏泰州兴化中学月考）Until 2 April 2011， everything in my life was perfect．I was sitting tight like every other 　9　 in the country to watch India 　10　 the world cup．But this day turned my 　11　 upside down． 　　I took the train to reach home early that day to watch the match．I caught the 　12　 train but got pushed out．Next moment I found myself on the track with my right leg injured and 　13　 badly．I did not feel pain at that moment， as I think it took time to 　14　 the “reality”．I was sent to hospital 　15　．As soon as I regained 　16　， my first question was whether India won．Hearing the doctor reply yes， my happiness knew no 　17　．But he also told me I should 　18　 with my leg． 　　I always dreamt of becoming a professional sportsman one day．But after this， I was in despair as I 　19　 it would never be possible with only one leg．Then， I happened to learn about the Paralympics．My dream was 　20　．But it was not easy．When I went for long jump， although I was good at it， I was told I would need a blade prosthesis （义肢） which I could not 　21　． 　　I spent a year looking for 　22　 and approached various companies．To my luck in 2013， I got financial support from the Dakshin Rehabilitation Centre．Thereafter， I began taking my 　23　 in sports seriously and dreamt of representing India in the Paralympics one day． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不慎摔下火车，右腿被截肢。后来在得到资金帮助的情况下，又开始了自己的运动梦想。 9.A．parent　 B．athlete C．student　 D．fan 解析：D　下文提到作者在观看世界杯。由此推测，此处指作者和其他球迷一起坐着观看电视。 10.A．lift　 B．imagine C．relay　 D．quit 解析：A　根据空后的the world cup可知，此处指印度举起世界杯。 11.A．life　 B．body C．country　 D．study 解析：A　下文讲述了作者因为从火车上摔下去，导致腿被截肢。由此可推测，作者的生活在这一天发生了翻天覆地的变化。 12.A．steaming　 B．packed C．cheap　 D．late 解析：B　根据空后的train but got pushed out并结合常识可推测，火车非常拥挤。 13.A．burning　 B．bleeding C．suffering　 D．reacting 解析：B　根据空前的my right leg injured and可知，作者伤了右腿，在流血。 14.A．forget　 B．miss C．accept　 D．welcome 解析：C　根据空后的the “reality”可知，此处指花时间接受“现实”。 15.A．gradually　 B．rudely C．immediately　 D．accidentally 解析：C　结合常识可知，作者受了重伤，所以要立即被送往医院。 16.A．power　 B．confidence C．order　 D．consciousness 解析：D　根据后半句my first question was whether India won可知，此处指作者恢复意识了就问印度是不是赢了比赛。 17.A．time　 B．bounds C．colors　 D．surprise 解析：B　根据空前的Hearing the doctor reply yes， my happiness knew no可知，此处指作者得知印度获胜的消息，非常高兴。no bounds意为“无止境”。 18.A．part　 B．dance C．struggle　 D．meet 解析：A　根据下段中的it would never be possible with only one leg可知，此处指医生告诉作者要截肢。part with意为“放弃”。 19.A．agreed　 B．joked C．guaranteed　 D．thought 解析：D　根据空后的it would never be possible with only one leg可知，只有一条腿是不可能实现梦想的，是作者当时的想法。 20.A．praised　 B．arranged C．restored　 D．nailed 解析：C　根据上句Then， I happened to learn about the Paralympics．可知，作者碰巧了解到残奥会，自己想要成为职业运动员的梦想又恢复了。 21.A．believe　 B．object C．afford　 D．permit 解析：C　根据下段中的To my luck in 2013， I got financial support from the Dakshin Rehabilitation Centre．可知，作者得到经济援助。由此推测，作者当时买不起义肢。 22.A．funds　 B．volunteers C．coaches　 D．receivers 解析：A　根据下句可知，作者花一年时间去寻找资金，买义肢。 23.A．injury　 B．pleasure C．talent　 D．career 解析：D　根据空后的in sports seriously and dreamt of representing India in Paralympics one day可知，作者得到了资助，所以开始认真对待自己的体育事业。 Ⅲ．读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　（2026•江苏连云港期中）It was a cool autumn morning when the school announced the annual sports day．For most students， it was a day of excitement and joy， but for me， it was just another event I wanted to avoid．I had always been the type to shy away from group activities， preferring the company of my books and thoughts． 　　Our class monitor， Sarah， noticed my unwillingness．She was the very image of enthusiasm and leadership， always trying to bring the class together．One day， she approached me during lunch．“Why don’t you join us for the relay race？ It’ll be fun，” she said with a warm smile．I hesitated， but her perseverance was hard to ignore． 　　The next day， Sarah organized a practice session．I unwillingly joined， feeling out of place among my more athletic classmates．As we ran， I tripped and the baton （接力棒） fell， with my knee scraped （擦伤）．Embarrassed， I wanted to quit， but Sarah was there in an instant， offering a hand and words of encouragement．“It’s okay， we’re a team，” she said．At this time， other fellow classmates came to encourage me．Their kindness made me feel less alone． 　　As the days went by， I found myself looking forward to the practices．The care and support among my classmates was touching．I began to see the value of teamwork and the joy of shared experiences．My initial unwillingness melted away， replaced by a newfound sense of belonging． 　　The anticipation for the sports day filled me with excitement．I dreamed of the cheers， the applauding crowd， and the excitement of competition．Training hard， I desired to show my skills， push my limits， share and feel the joy of victory．This event was more than a game； it meant a lot for me．I could not wait to be part of it! 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 　　The day I looked forward to came eventually． 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　We lost the game， and I blamed our failure on myself．　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　The day I looked forward to came eventually．My heart pounded with a mix of nervousness and excitement as we lined up for the relay race．As the race began， the cheers from the crowd fueled my determination．I focused on the task at hand．Each step was a testament to the weeks of practice and the support of my teammates．But it was at the moment when I took over the baton that I collapsed onto the track， due to the sudden pain from my knee， gasping for air．We were supposed to win the championship， but in the end we ended up getting the second place． 　　We lost the game， and I blamed our failure on myself．After crossing the finish line， disappointment washed over me like a cold wave．As we gathered together， I finally spoke up， my voice trembling with guilt， “It’s all my fault．If I hadn’t tripped， maybe we would have won．” However， Sarah placed a hand on my shoulder and said gently， “We’re a team， remember？ Your effort and improvement are what truly matter．” Her words warmed my heart， and I realized that the true value of the sports day lay not in winning but in the bonds we had forged and the lessons we had learned． 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $