gUnit 2 Great ideas Reading 课件 2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语课件围绕“伟大思想如何改变世界”核心主题，以阿基米德故事为主线，通过“First thoughts”问题引导、鲁班锁及中外发明家案例导入，结合视频观看和词汇预习，搭建从“思想来源-影响-人物案例”的学习支架，帮助学生建立知识脉络。 其亮点在于以阿基米德检验金冠故事为载体，通过分层阅读（快速划分结构、细节理解、推理判断）、实验步骤分析及中外发明家对比，培养语言能力和文化意识，结合“疑问词+不定式”语法解析与生活实例（救生圈、渡轮）提升思维品质。学生能提升语言运用与跨文化理解，教师可借助系统活动设计高效教学。

*firm /'fɜːm/ ig·no·rance /'ɪgnərəns/ ap·pli·ca·tion /ˌæplɪ'keɪʃn/ sat·is·fied /'sætɪsfaɪd/ prin·ce /prɪns/ dis·place /dɪs'pleɪs/ fool /fuːl/ *pris·on /'prɪzn/ fan·cy /'fænsi/ adj.牢固的；坚硬的 n.无知 n.(尤指理论等的)应用 adj.精致的；绚丽的 adj.满意的；满足的 n.王子 v.排出；取代；替代 v.欺骗；愚弄 n.监狱；牢狱 a fancy lock 一把精致的锁 【Practice】 从方框中选择适当的单词填空（如有必要，须改变单词的形式。每个单词仅使用一次） My mother is very ____________ with my report card because I have improved my grades in both maths and English this term. The man was sent to _________ finally in the story. The clever fox in the story ______ the crow (乌鸦) into dropping the meat, and then he quickly took it and ran away happily. The ______ in the play showed great courage when he fought against the enemy soldiers, and he became a true hero in the end. The __________ of the new technology at the hospital has saved many patients’ lives in the past few years. It is a pity to show ____________ of Lingnan customs. prison fool prince satisfied application ignore ignorance application prince prison fool satisfied What kind of people can make such an amazing lock？ People with great ideas. Unit 2 Great ideas How do great ideas change the world? Key question Reading I Unit objectives After learning this unit, you can: ▣talk about people with great ideas. ▣understand different ways of coming up with new ideas. ▣explain how a great idea solved a problem. ▣find out how great ideas have changed our lives. 弄清伟大的想法如何改变我们的生活。 谈论拥有伟大想法的人物。 理解产生新想法的不同方式。 阐释一个伟大想法是如何解决问题的。 想出；提出 （新点子、方案、主意） First thoughts make work easier; solve real‑life problems; change people’s lives change the world curiosity hard thinking observation experiments What fields are these great ideas in? Where do great ideas come from? invention craft science Lu Ban Bi Sheng Zhang Heng What do great ideas bring about？ How have they influenced our lives？ 引发；引起 Who is the man with great ideas in the video ? /ˌɑːkɪˈmiːdiːz/ 阿基米德 Archimedes Name: Nationality & Lifetime: Job / Identity: Great qualities: Extra information: Archimedes Ancient Greek; 287 BC – 212 BC mathematician, physicist, inventor intelligent, thoughtful, good at thinking He died at the age of 75 and was killed by a Rome soldier. (1) Who was Archimedes? (You may choose more than one answer.) a a physicist  b a painter  c a mathematician (2) Where was Archimedes born? a Pisa, an Italian city  c Syracuse, an ancient Greek city b Cairo, an Egyptian city (3) Which of the quotes below is from Archimedes? a Give me but one firm spot on which to stand, and I will move the Earth. b You can’t step twice into the same river. c I know nothing except the fact of my ignorance. 人不能同一次踏进两条河流——赫拉克利特 我唯一知道的就是我的一无所知——苏格拉底 课本P.20 Complete a mini-quiz about Archimedes "Give me but one firm spot on which to stand, and I will move the Earth." adj.坚硬的；坚固的 firmly adv. 坚定地；牢固的 n.公司=company What is his famous saying according to the picture? 给我一个支点，我就能撬动地球！ n.格言；谚语 What's the great idea of Archimedes？ Archimedes’ principle 阿基米德原理 Applications of Archimedes’ principle life‑ring 救生圈 ferry 渡轮 deep‑sea submarine潜水器 🎈 hot‑air balloons 热气球 What are the applications of Archimedes' principle in daily life? Can you give an example? Sure. Ship designers use Archimedes' principle to make sure their ships float on water. 1.Who was the crown probably made for? 2. What is Archimedes doing in the first picture? 3. Why is Archimedes so excited ? 4. What is in the right pot in the second picture? A king. Having/taking a bath. Because he probably had a good idea. The crown. Look at the pictures and the title of the story. Then answer the questions below. One day in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown. At first, he was very satisfied with it. “It’s a nice crown, isn’t it?” he asked his son, the prince. Later, however, he began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown. “Is it made completely of gold?” he wondered. He sent it to Archimedes and asked him to find out the truth. “This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?” thought Archimedes. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. When he got into the bath, some water ran over. “Eureka! That’s it!” shouted Archimedes. “I know how to solve the king’s problem!” Archimedes and the golden crown Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king. First, he weighed the crown and asked the king for some gold of the same weight. Next, he put two pots into two big bowls and filled both pots with water. He put the gold into one pot, and some water ran into the bowl. Then he put the crown into the other pot. This time, even more water ran into the bowl. “Look at this,” said Archimedes to King Hiero. “A crown made completely of gold displaces less water than a crown made of gold and another metal. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I know it’s definitely not completely made of gold.” “The crown maker fooled me, didn’t he? What a bad man he is!” shouted King Hiero. He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. Read the story quickly and divide the story into four parts according to the clues. Parts Key content Problem The big idea The experiment steps The ending crown‑satisfied‑doubt‑find out the truth thinking‑bath‑water ran over‑Eureka First‑Next‑Then → water displacement (排水) → conclusion punish maker; praise Archimedes line 1-6: problem line 7-13: The big idea line 14-25: The experiment steps line 26-28: The ending Retell the story according to the pictures. Tips Find out the beginning and the ending 1 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ Answers: d(1) → g(2) → b(3) → c(4) → e(5) → h(6) → a(7) → f(8) Read Paragraphs 1-2 and finish the table. He was __________________ it. King Hiero asked a crown maker_______________________. He began to doubt whether ________________________. He sent the crown to ______________ and asked him ______________________. to make him a golden crown very satisfied with it was a real golden crown Archimedes to find out the truth Problem ( )1.Why did King Hiero send the golden crown to Archimedes? A. He hoped Archimedes could teach him physics. B. He wanted to give the crown as a gift to Archimedes. C. He wanted Archimedes to make a new crown for him. D. He doubted whether the crown was completely made of gold. D ask sb. to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 给某人制作某物 be satisfied with … 对… 感到满意 doubt whether /if.. 怀疑是否…… be made of 由…… 制成 find out the truth 查明/弄清真相 ( )2. How did Archimedes get the idea to solve the problem? A. He read about it in an old science book. B. The king gave him a clue about the solution. C. The crown maker told him the secret by accident. D. He noticed water ran over when he got into the bath. D (2)What happened when Archimedes got into bath?[课本P.22-2-(2)] Some water ran over. Read Paragraphs 3-5 and answer the questions. 1.What did Archimedes think when he received the crown from King Hiero? 2. Why was Archimedes so excited? He thought it _____________________________. Because he thought that he could solve the king’s problem. was difficult to solve the problem sth. seems + adj. + to do 某物似乎… 似乎很难解决 think about 思考，思索 fill … with … 用…把…装满 get into进入；坐到…里面 run over 溢出；漫出来 就是这样！ 有办法了！ “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构做动词宾语： 动词+【wh-疑问词 + to do】 where to go was put into water some gold of the same weight some water ran into the bowl was put into water even more water ran into the bowl the crown the crown was not completely made of gold How to find out the truth Read Paragraphs 6-8 and finish the table. find out the truth 弄清真相 ( )3.How did King Hiero feel when he knew the truth? A. Happy.　　　　　B. Surprised. C. Angry.　　　　　 D. Nervous. C ( )4.What can we infer from the story? A. King Hiero trusted Archimedes very much. B. Archimedes often took baths to think about problems. C. The crown maker didn't know he had been found out. D. A golden crown is always heavier than other metal objects. A 推理 go straight to…直奔/径直走向… ask sb. for sth.向某人索要某物 同等重量的 （of + 名词 = adj.） one … the other … 一个…… 另一个…… even + 比较级 甚至更加…… send sb.to prison 把某人投入监狱 praise sb. for sth. 因某事赞扬某人 Read the story again. Find the answers to the following questions. Why did King Hiero send the crown to Archimedes? What happened when Archimedes got into bath? How did Archimedes discover that the crown was not made completely of gold? Why was Archimedes able to make this discovery? Because he doubted whether the crown was a real golden crown. Some water ran over. He put the crown in water and discovered that the crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight. (Possible answer) Archimedes’ observation in daily life enabled him to make this discovery. ask sb. to do sth. make sb. sth. at first be satisfied with be made of send sth. to find out the truth think about 叫某人做某事 给某人做某物 首先 对……满意 由……做成 把某物送给…… 弄清真相 思考；考虑 fill ... with ... run over go straight to ask sb. for ... be made of ... send ... to prison praise sb. for 用……把……装满 溢出 直奔 向某人要…… 由……制成 把……送进监狱 因……表扬某人 根据上下文内容，从方框中选择正确词组，并用其正确形式填空。 Last month, a baker named Mr. White thought that someone was stealing his bread every night. He decided to (1) ____________ the truth. He didn’t just (2) ______________ it and do nothing. Instead, he (3) _________________ the police station for help. Before leaving home that night, he made a cup of milk. He was so distracted (思想不集中的) that he let the milk (4) ___________ and spill onto the table. He cleaned it up quickly and left in a hurry. With the officer’s help, they soon caught the thief — a poor hungry boy. Mr. White didn’t get angry, nor did he want to (5)______ the boy ____________. Instead, he taught the boy how to (6)______ the bread trays _____ fresh bread every morning. Soon, Mr. White (7) ___________________ the boy’s work. find out think about went straight to run over send to prison fill with was satisfied with go straight to, run over, think about, send ... to prison, be satisfied with, fill ... with, find out Practice Further discussion If you were King Hiero, what would you do with the crown maker? What do you think of Archimedes? Why? I think Archimedes was very clever because he solved the king’s problem wisely in a short time. Besides, he was very good at observing details in life, as he discovered the truth while taking a bath. If I were King Hiero, I wouldn’t kill the crown maker at once. Instead, I would ask him whether he has difficulty in his life. If so, I would offer him some help and ask him not to cheat anyone else in the future. (1) Do you know of any other wise people like Archimedes? (2) What problem did he / she solve? (3) How did he / she solve it? Discuss Wise people like Archimedes can come up with great ideas because they never give up when facing difficult problems. They keep thinking carefully and observing the world around them closely. These great people share many good qualities. First, they are curious and love asking questions. Second, they are patient and keep trying until they find the answers. Third, they are careful observers—they notice small things that others may miss. Finally, they are brave enough to think in new ways. These qualities help them solve difficult problems and make great discoveries. Further thinking Why can these wise people come up with great ideas? What qualities do they have in common? One day, two women came to King Solomon with a baby boy. Each of the women said the boy was hers. No one knew which woman was telling the truth. King Solomon wondered if there was a way to find out. “I have to be careful. I, too, can be (1)__________ by a clever liar,” he thought. Then he had an idea. He ordered a soldier to cut the boy in half and divide the boy between the two women. The first woman seemed to be (2)_______________ that. She said, “Go ahead. That sounds fair!” However, the second woman rushed to stop the soldier, “No! Don’t kill him! Let the other woman have him.” King Solomon stopped the soldier. “Give the boy to the second woman,” he said. “She is definitely his real mother.” When the woman heard the king’s words, her heart was (3)____________ relief. She happily took the baby and (4)________________ back home. The other one was sent to prison. Everyone praised King Solomon for his wisdom. fooled satisfied with filled with went straight ‑ King Hiero ‑ send ... to ... ‑ doubt whether... ‑ ...problem seems... ‑ keep.... ‑ got into ... ‑ ...water ... ‑ have a...idea; - shout “...!” ‑ ask for ... ‑ ready for ... ‑ put ... into ... ‑ ...water... ‑ put ... into ... ‑ even more water ... ‑ show... ‑ not completely... ‑ send ... to prison ‑ praise ... for ... 1.Try to retell the story on your own. 2.Read the passage. Lavf60.16.100 Lavf57.71.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $