Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Using Language（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语科学主题的语言运用，涵盖听说与写作两大模块。听说部分提供话题词汇、功能句式及教材听力二次开发训练，写作部分通过钱学森和霍金传记文本，系统讲解语块、句型及写作结构，构建从语言输入到输出的完整学习支架。 资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如听力填空训练细节抓取与信息整合能力，传记分析通过时间线梳理和人物品质提炼培养逻辑思维与文化意识。分层练习设计兼顾课中教学辅助与课后查漏补缺，助力学生夯实语言基础并提升科学主题的综合表达能力。

Section Ⅲ　Using Language Part Ⅰ　Talk about scientific experiences Ⅰ．话题词汇 1.a well－known computer scientist 一位著名的计算机科学家 2.have an experiment 做实验 3.look at a blue screen 看蓝色的屏幕 4.move around 四处走动 5.in front of 在……前面 6.in a whisper 低声地 7.cast different shadows 投射出不同的影子 8.be named after 以……命名 9.have a major influence on 对……有重大影响 10.create the foundations for 为……打下基础 Ⅱ．话题句式 1.This occurred when a spaceship went into space． 这发生在宇宙飞船进入太空的时候。 2.How light is reflected is what we’ve always wanted to discover． 光线是如何反射的是我们一直想要发现的。 3.Scientists have been trying to reveal the mysteries of the existence of other planets． 科学家们一直试图揭开其他行星的存在之谜。 4.The scientific experiment is fun， exciting and educational． 科学实验是有趣的、令人兴奋且有教育意义的。 5.Through this， we know that human observation equipment and methods are constantly improving． 通过这一点，我们知道人类的观测设备和方法在不断地改进。 6.Some people might think he was not smart， but he became a famous scientist． 虽然有些人可能认为他不聪明，但他成了一位著名的科学家。 7.Because of this discovery， she can do research at the same advanced level as before losing her eyesight． 因为这个发现，她可以做和失去视力之前同样高水平的研究。 8.This evidence proves the actual size of the universe is by no means certain． 这一证据证明，宇宙的实际大小绝对不是确定无疑的。 9.If you have the chance to experience it， it will become a wonderful memory for you． 如果你有机会去体验它，它会成为你美好的回忆。 Ⅲ．教材听力二次开发 （一）听力测试 Listen to the conversation in the textbook and choose the best answers to the following questions． 1.How is Bill feeling now？ （　　） A．Terrible． B．Much better． C．Just so－so． 2.Where are the people in the conversation going？（　　） A．A science museum． B．A cinema． C．A theatre． 3.What kinds of things can you do there？（　　） A．Learn about knowledge of music． B．Learn about space travel． C．Try different activities to learn about sound， light and reflection． 答案：1－3　BAC （二）听力填空 Listen to the conversation in the textbook again and fill in the blanks with the words or sentences you hear． Judy：Oh， I’m so sorry that you were ill and couldn’t come with us on our field trip．How are you feeling now？ Better？ Bill：Much better， thanks．But how was it？ Judy：Wonderful! I especially liked 1.an area of the museum called Light Games．It was really cool．They had a hall of mirrors where I could 2.see myself reflected thousands of times! Bill：A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun．What else did they have？ Judy：Well， they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while， and then suddenly we could 3.see tiny bright lights moving around on it．You’ll never guess what those bright lights were! Bill：Come on， tell me! Judy：They were our own blood cells．For some reason， our eyes 4.play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen， and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better．I stood in front of a white light， and it cast different shadows of me， in every colour of the rainbow! Bill：Oh， I wish I had been there．Tell me more! Judy：Well， they had another area for sound．They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play．But then， instead of playing the sounds of a piano， it 5.played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish， and when you speak into it， it reflected the sound back and made it louder．You could use it to 6.speak in a whisper to someone 17 metres away． Bill：It all sounds so cool．I wish I could have gone with you． Judy：I know， but we can go together this weekend．I’d love to go there again! Bill：That sounds like a great idea! Part Ⅱ　Write about what makes a great scientist Text 1 THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE 　　［1］Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on① China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen．［2］Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort②， achievement， and devotion， Qian was an extremely well－respected man③． 　　【释疑难】　句［2］中Described by ．．．为过去分词短语作状语，该状语中含有一个who引导的定语从句。 　　Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools④ in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering．［3］However， after the Songhu Battle broke out⑤ in 1932， Qian made the decision to switch his major to⑥ aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country⑦． 　　【释疑难】　句［3］中after引导时间状语从句，because引导原因状语从句，that引导宾语从句。 　　Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies．Over the course of⑧ the 1930s and 1940s， Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology．As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s， Qian helped conduct important research into⑨ rocket propulsion， and in the 1940s， he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory， now one of NASA’s leading space－exploration centres． 　　After overcoming some difficulties⑩ during his final few years in the US， Qian returned to China in 1955.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of⑪ not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme．At that time， China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped．No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major， and there were no talents or experts in this field in China．Nevertheless， Qian did not let that discourage him from⑫ taking on the challenge⑬．When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not？ We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make．” 　　Under Qian’s leadership⑭， China developed the Dongfeng missiles， followed by the first generation of Long March rockets．In 1970， China successfully launched its first man－made satellite， Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ， from a Long March rocket．Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to⑮ Qian’s research， Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”． 　　Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable⑯， especially in the area of frontier science research．［4］However， what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things， such as music and drawing．His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration⑰ in his scientific research． 　　【释疑难】　句［4］中what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，him作宾语，宾语补足语是such ．．．scientist。make sb sth/sb意为“使某人成为……”。 ［5］On 31 October 2009， the whole country was saddened by⑱ Qian’s death， and people honoured and remembered him in different ways⑲． 语块翻译 ①对……有巨大影响 ②努力地，费力地 ③备受人们尊敬的人 ④上学 ⑤突然开始；爆发 ⑥把……转变为…… ⑦保卫国家 ⑧在……期间 ⑨对……进行重要的研究 ⑩克服困难 ⑪主管；掌管 ⑫阻止某人做（某事） ⑬接受挑战 ⑭在钱学森的领导下 ⑮追溯到 ⑯知识极其渊博 ⑰给他带来灵感 ⑱为……感到悲痛 ⑲用不同的方式 熟词生义 1.course （Para.3） 熟义：n．课程 文中义：n．过程，时期 2.frontier （Para.6） 熟义：n．边境；边界 文中义：n．（学科的）前沿，尖端 句［1］运用了“否定词＋形容词的比较级”结构，来突出说明钱学森做出的巨大贡献。 Para.2：出生→求学→升学→转专业，线索清楚、逻辑连贯，是人物传记的经典结构。 Para.4：克服困难归国→临危受命→直面困境→坚定回应，按事件顺序展开，情感不断升华。 句［5］中was saddened by凸显举国同悲，尽显人民爱戴；honoured and remembered并列结构整齐有力，强化人民对他的崇敬与缅怀。 Text 2 A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT 　　Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics．Most people are familiar with① images of him in his wheelchair， unable to move and using a computer to talk．［1］Since he came down with② a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles， his world became one of abstract thought． 　　【释疑难】　句［1］是复合句，Since引导原因状语从句，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a disease。 　　Hawking first achieved fame③ when he was still healthy enough to walk， as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964.In general④， there were two main theories on the origin of the universe．The first was the steady state theory， which holds that the universe has no beginning or end．The other was the big bang theory， which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space．The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle， a professor at Cambridge．［2］During the question and answer period⑤ after one of Hoyle’s lectures， Hawking stood up and pointed out⑥ that Hoyle had made a mistake⑦ in his maths．Once the maths was corrected， it showed that the big bang theory — and not the steady state theory — was true．Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes．A star was born． 　　【释疑难】　句［2］是复合句，stood up和pointed out是并列谓语，that引导宾语从句。 　　So， what made Stephen Hawking a genius？ ［3］Besides being brilliant， he was brave， though sometimes careless in what he said or did．［4］He was willing to⑧ say what others were afraid to say， and to dream of⑨ what others were afraid to dream about．Furthermore， he was quite determined．This had helped him as a scientist， and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease．［5］Above all⑩， Hawking was willing to admit his faults⑪．This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries． 【释疑难】　句［4］是复合句。在and连接的两个并列不定式短语（to say what ．．．和to dream of what ．．．）中， 两个what均引导宾语从句。 语块翻译 ①熟悉 ②患（病）；染上（小病） ③获得名誉 ④一般来说 ⑤问答环节 ⑥指出 ⑦犯错误 ⑧乐意做某事 ⑨梦想 ⑩最重要的是；尤其是 ⑪承认他的错误 熟词生义 1.hold （Para.2） 熟义： vt．抓住；举办 文中义：vt．认为/主张…… 2.champion （Para.2） 熟义：n．冠军 文中义：n．（某观点、理论的）坚定支持者，捍卫者 句［3］用brilliant， brave， careless三个形容词并列，人物形象立体饱满。 句［4］运用排比修辞，结构对称，节奏鲜明，赞美其敢言敢想的勇气与远见。 句［5］运用简洁直白的评述，点明人物核心品质，突出霍金谦逊坦诚、勇于自省的人格魅力。 参考译文 中国航天之父 　　也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。 　　钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 　　1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。 　　留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。” 　　在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列飞船的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。 　　钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。 　　2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。 一个纯思维的世界 　　史蒂芬•霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。　 　　霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论：第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德•霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。 　　那么，是什么使史蒂芬•霍金成为一名天才的呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 Ⅰ．阅读词汇 1.develop a vaccine研发疫苗 2.the protein in the body’s cells　　身体细胞中的蛋白质 3.stop the spread of the virus　　阻止病毒传播 4.China’s aerospace science　　中国航天科学 5.a patriotic scientist　　一位爱国的科学家 6.switch the major to aviation　　改学航空专业 7.jet and rocket technology　　喷气式飞机和火箭技术 8.theoretical framework　　理论框架 Ⅱ．写作词汇 1.cast a shadow on　　给……投下阴影 2.a beautiful rainbow　　一道美丽的彩虹 3.pour the coffee　　倒咖啡 4.an outstanding scientist　　一位杰出的科学家 5.admit your fault　　承认你的过错 6.a vivid and detailed description　生动详细的描述 Ⅲ．多义词汇 1.①a new dry cell　　一节新的干电池 ②cancer cell　　癌细胞 ③a prison cell 　　监狱牢房 2.①work the night shift　　值夜班 ②cause a dramatic shift　　引起急剧变化 ③shift some furniture　　挪动几件家具 ④shift one’s position 　　改变某人的立场 3.①solid proof　　确凿的证据 ②solid－state battery　　固态电池 ③provide a solid foundation　　提供了坚实的基础 4.①an abstract concept　　一个抽象的概念 ②abstract the main points　　提取要点 ③read the abstract of the paper　　阅读论文的摘要 Ⅳ．拓展词汇 1.finding n．发现；调查结果；（法律）判决→find vt．发现 2.initial adj．最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv．起初；最初 3.mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工→mechanical adj．机械的；发动机的；机器的→mechanism n．机械装置 4.defend vt．保卫；防守；辩解→defence n．防御；保卫；保护→defensive adj．防御的，防守的 5.assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt．帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助 6.leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能→leader n．领导者→lead v．领导；引领；导致；处于领先地位 7.gifted adj．有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋；天才 8.steady adj．稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv．稳定地；平稳地；稳步地 9.astronomer n．天文学家→astronomy n．天文学 10.vivid adj．生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv．生动地 构词法 名词后缀－ship表示“状态、性质、身份、关系、技能、领域”等。 ①friend→friendship 友谊 ②member→membership 会员资格；成员身份 ③citizen→citizenship 公民身份；国籍 ④hard→hardship 艰难；困苦 ⑤partner→partnership 伙伴关系 Ⅴ．短语互译 1.break out（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发 2.in charge of　　主管；掌管 3.come down with　　患（病）；染上（小病） 4.above all 　　最重要的是；尤其是 5.have an impact on　　对……有影响 6.discourage sb from doing sth　　阻止某人做某事 7.take on the challenge　　接受挑战 8.be saddened by　　因……而悲伤 9.be traced back to　　追溯到 10.be familiar with　　对……熟悉 Ⅵ．句型填空 1.句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 教材原句：Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen． 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 2.句型公式：过去分词（短语）作状语 教材原句：Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering． 钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 3.句型公式：not only ．．． but also ．．．不仅……而且…… 教材原句：He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme． 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 4.句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句：However， what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things， such as music and drawing． 然而，他之所以成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。 写作词汇集释 1.cast vt．投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷 教材原句　You stand in front of a white light， and it casts different shadows of you， in every colour of the rainbow．你站在一束白光前，它投射出你不同的影子，呈现出彩虹的每一种颜色。 【用法】 cast a shadow （on/over sth） 在（某物）上投下影子 cast a terrified look at　　惊恐地看了……一眼 cast a quick glance at　　快速瞥了……一眼 cast a smile at sb　　向某人一笑 【佳句】　He cast a quick glance at his watch and realised he was late for the meeting． 他快速瞥了一眼手表，意识到自己开会要迟到了。 【写美】　完成句子 ①这次突如其来的失败给他的信心蒙上了阴影，但他拒绝轻易放弃。 The sudden failure cast a shadow over his confidence， but he refused to give up easily． ②她担忧地看了一眼虚弱地躺在床上的母亲。 She cast a worried look at her mother， who was lying in bed weakly． ③小男孩惊恐地看了一眼凶猛的狗，立刻躲到了妈妈身后。 The little boy cast a terrified look at the fierce dog， hiding behind his mother immediately． 2.pour vt．倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料） vi．（雨）倾盆而下；（液体、烟等）涌流，喷发；（人）涌进，涌出 教材原句　A non－Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid， but if you put any pressure on it， it suddenly becomes hard as concrete． 非牛顿流体很神奇，你可以像液体一样把它倒出来，但只要对它施加压力，它就会立刻变得像混凝土一样坚硬。 【用法】 pour down雨下个不停 pour with rain　　下着瓢泼大雨 pour out one’s sadness/troubles　　倾诉内心的悲伤/苦恼 pour into/out of the classroom　　涌入/涌出教室 with tears/sweat pouring down one’s cheeks　　泪水/汗水顺着脸颊流下 【佳句】　With tears pouring down my cheeks， I hugged my brother tightly， unable to say a word．　（2025•全国一卷） 泪水顺着我的脸颊流下，我紧紧抱住哥哥，一句话也说不出来 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down． 【写美】　完成句子 ②她再也忍不住泪水，向老师倾诉自己的悲伤，老师静静倾听并给了她一个温暖的拥抱。 Unable to hold back her tears any longer， she poured out her sadness to her teacher， who listened quietly and gave her a warm hug． ③他拿着那封告知自己被梦想大学录取的信，泪水从脸颊流下，脸上却挂着灿烂的笑容。 He held the letter telling him he’d been admitted to his dream university， tears pouring down his cheeks， and a big smile on his face． 3.break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；突然响起；爆发 教材原句　However， after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932， Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country． 不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 【用法】 break away from挣脱；逃离 break in　　打断谈话；插话；闯入（行窃） break into　　强行闯入 break up　　打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落 break down　　（谈判）失败；出故障；（身体） 垮掉；分解；消除（分歧） 【佳句】　The cries of women broke out； the men looked at each other， but were silent．　（译林必修三） 女人们开始尖叫；男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。 【练透】　用break的相关短语填空 ①（译林选必三）In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out， fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose． ②He worked day and night without rest， and finally his health broke down． 【写美】　完成句子 ③我们必须摆脱这些对我们身心健康有不良影响的旧习俗。　（建议信） We must break away from the old customs which have a bad influence on our physical and mental health． 4.defend vt．保卫；防守；辩解→defence n．防御；保卫；保护→defensive adj．防御的，防守的 【用法】 （1）defend ．．．from/against （doing）．．．保护……免受…… defend oneself from/against sth　保护自己不受……；对……为自己辩护 （2）in defence of　　保卫；为……辩护 in sb’s defence　　为某人辩护 【积累】　 ①defend one’s country/homeland 保卫祖国/家园 ②defend one’s honor 捍卫荣誉 【佳句】　Mac jumped off the bike， seized the bike and threw it at the wolf with all his strength to defend himself．　（肢体动作描写） Mac跳下自行车，抓起自行车，用尽全力把它扔向狼来保护自己。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He stepped back appearing frightened and put up his hands as if in defence． ②With no shelter in sight， Alice was determined to defend her sister from/against any danger that the storm might bring．　（场景描写） 【写美】　一句多译 ③看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。　（肢体动作描写） →Seeing the fierce snake， he rushed to defend his son like an arrow．（defend） →Seeing the fierce snake， he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow．（defence） 5.in charge of主管；掌管；负责 教材原句　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme． 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 【用法】 （1）in the charge of由……负责；被……掌管 take charge of　　负责/看管（表动作） free of charge　　免费 （2）charge （sb） for ．．．　　为……（向某人）收费/要价 charge sb with （doing） sth　　指控某人（做）某事 【佳句】　Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks，because he was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring． 悲伤和恐惧的泪水顺着男孩的脸颊流淌下来，因为他被指控偷了那位女士的金戒指。 【练透】　单句语法填空/语境辨义 ①The West Branch of Suzhou Museum is scheduled to open to the public free of charge． ②There is a heated discussion on whether museums should charge for admission or not． ③The angry mechanic rose to his feet，charged through the door and disappeared in the darkness．　vi．向……方向冲去 【写美】　同义句转换 ④I will be in charge of the English speech competition， which makes me greatly honored． →The English speech competition will be in the charge of me， which makes me greatly honored． →I will take charge of the English speech competition， which makes me greatly honored． 6.come down with患（病）； 染上（小病） 教材原句　Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles， his world became one of abstract thought． 他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 【用法】 come across（偶然）遇见；碰见；被理解 come about　　发生（无被动形式） come out　　出版；结果是；（花）开放 come up　　走近；上来；被提出 come up with　　提出；想出（主意、计划、回答等） when it comes to ．．．　当谈及…… 【佳句】　Aware that my partner came down with a serious disease， I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously．　（续写心理描写） 意识到我的伴侣得了严重的病，我喉咙哽咽，焦急地赶往医院。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Above all， don’t stop to refer to the dictionary whenever you come across new words while reading． ②His book on English learning will come out next month． ③I’ll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late for such an important meeting． 【写美】　完成句子 ④当谈到英语学习时，我分享以下实用的建议。　（建议信） When it comes to English learning， I have the following practical suggestions to share． 阅读词汇清障 Ⅰ．一词多义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思。 shift A．n．轮班　 B．vt．& vi．改变　　C．vt．转移 ①He shifted his attitude toward the project after hearing the new plan．　　B　 ②You should shift your focus， because paying too much attention to your grades will make you more nervous．　　C　 ③I work the day shift， and my brother works the night shift．　　A　 Ⅱ．熟词生义 根据语境写出加蓝词的词性和含义。 1.The skilled lawyer was hired to defend the accused in court．　vt．替……辩护 2.On a day of brilliant sunshine， we went camping．　adj．明媚的 3.He is a man with a vivid imagination and stands out among his colleagues．　adj．丰富的 4.The prisoner was locked in a small cell with no window．　n．牢房 5.（2024•北京卷）Soon， the cast list was posted．　n．全体演员 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 教材原句　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen． 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 【用法】 （1）否定词＋比较级=最高级，意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。 （2）can/could＋never/not＋ ．．．＋形容词/副词＋enough=can/could＋never/not＋ ．．．＋too＋形容词/副词，意为“再怎么……也不为过”。 【佳句】　When I saw my mother waiting for me in the rain， I couldn’t feel warmer inside． 当我看到妈妈在雨中等我时，我心里感到无比温暖。 【写美】　完成句子/一句多译 ①我坚信没有人比我们班长更适合当候选人了。I hold the firm belief that nobody is a more qualified candidate than our monitor． ②我深信没有一个地方比位于我们图书馆三楼的自习室更适合学习的了。 I am greatly convinced that no place is more suitable for studying than the self－study room located on the third floor of our library． ③在我看来，健康是我们日常生活中最重要的事情。 →In my view， health is the most important thing in our daily lives． （最高级） →From my point of view， health is more important than any other thing in our daily lives． （比较级） →As far as I’m concerned， nothing is more important than health in our daily lives． （否定词＋比较级） 2.句型公式：动词－ed形式（短语）作状语 教材原句　Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering． 钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 【用法】 （1）及物动词的动词－ed形式（短语）作状语表示被动的和完成的动作；不及物动词的动词－ed形式（短语）作状语只表示完成的动作。 （2）动词－ed形式（短语）作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。 （3）有的动词－ed形式已经转化成了形容词，作状语时不表示动作而是表示主语的一种状态。 【佳句】　Encouraged by his act of kindness，I determined to help more people in the future to make our world more beautiful and much warmer．　（主旨升华） 受到他的善举的鼓舞，我决定将来帮助更多的人，使我们的世界更美好、更温暖。 【写美】　完成句子 ①通过这个方式处理，你们的友谊很快就会被修复。　（外研必修三） Approached in this way， your friendship will soon be repaired． ②满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。　（外研必修三） Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind． ③简既害怕又沮丧，坐在一棵树旁，用双臂抱住肩膀让自己暖和点。　（情绪描写） Scared and frustrated， Jane sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms to make herself warm． 3.句型公式：what 引导名词性从句 教材原句　However， what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things， such as music and drawing．然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。 【用法】 （1）连接代词what引导主语从句时，在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。 （2）连接代词what除引导主语从句外，还可引导表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，意为“什么”“……的事”“……的地方”“……的样子”“……的时间”等。 【佳句】　What moved me most was that my father walked all the way to school to bring me my forgotten lunch box． 最让我感动的是，父亲一路走到学校给我送我忘带的午餐饭盒。 【写美】　完成句子 ①作为一名来自中国的高中生，我有责任告诉你，你在视频中所看到的是完全真实的。　（2024•3月天津卷） Being a senior high school student from China， I feel responsible for informing you that what you have witnessed in the video is entirely accurate． ②伊娃不知道该用什么方法在这座巨大的建筑物里辨别方向，她沮丧得几乎要哭了。　（2024•1月浙江卷） Eva had no idea what method she should adopt to tell directions in the huge building and so frustrated was she that she was on the edge of crying． ③让全班惊讶的是，那个安静的男孩在演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。 What surprised the whole class was that the quiet boy won the first prize in the speech contest． Ⅰ．品句填词 1.She was about to set off when a familiar shadow （影子） suddenly came into her sight． 2.Our English teacher has a gift （天赋） for creating an atmosphere which allows us to communicate with each other freely in class． 3.Just at that time， I suspected （怀疑） that she was telling the truth． 4.After she’d overcome her initial （最初的） shyness， she became very friendly． 5.Furthermore，all our favorite activities can be traced （追溯） back to specific points in history． 6.Honestly speaking， it is difficult for me to entirely understand these concepts （概念）． 7.For a shortage of concrete proof， I can’t persuade them to trust me． 8.Susan’s dream was turned into reality and tears of happiness poured down her face． 9.I was disappointed whenever he found fault with my work． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1.I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants （assist） working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned． 2.He is gifted （gift） in maths and has won the first prize in the national maths competition． 3.Charged （charge） with stealing priceless raw materials， I tried my best to prove my innocence（清白）． 4.In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake， shifting （shift） nervously from one foot to another． 5.The new study’s findings （find） warn that global warming is becoming more and more serious． 6.Though he came down with a severe disease， he was still willing to help （help） over the course of the project． 7.These years， our company has been developing steadily （steady）． Ⅲ．固定搭配和句式 1.It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier （happy） than I was． 2.She couldn’t make herself heard （hear） above the noise of the traffic． 3.Above all （最重要的是）， I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the fiercely competitive， extremely serious fellow． 4.What he said had an impact on （对……有影响） me and I finally shifted my initial opinion． 5.When the war broke out （爆发），he seemed to have become another man， frustrated and helpless． 6.Above all，we teenagers must study hard with the aim of defending the country （保卫国家） in the future． 7.Many doctors are committed to conducting important research into （对……进行重要的研究） how to handle the severe disease． 8.When I learnt that my son bravely took on the challenge （接受挑战），tears of pride poured down my cheeks． 9.Under his leadership （在他的领导下），more and more young people are in charge of the research of hybrid rice． 10.Informed that you are interested in paper－cutting （被告知你对剪纸感兴趣）， I am writing to invite you to attend a paper－cutting exhibition to be held in our school next Sunday．（动词－ed短语作状语） 11.Not only should we show respect for the great scientists， but we should also （我们不仅要尊重这些伟大的科学家，而且我们应该） learn the scientific spirit from them．（not only ．．． but also ．．．；倒装句） Ⅰ．阅读理解 A 　　（2026•福州六校高二上期中）College professors these days face an ever－higher bar to grab the attention of their students． Yet， Tatiana Erukhimova， who teaches physics at Texas A&M University in the United States， has managed to get her students excited about science． 　　Known as “Dr． Tatiana”， the professor performs physics tricks with boundless energy and enthusiasm． Videos of her theatrical demonstrations have racked up （积累） hundreds of millions of views across social media platforms． In the videos， Erukhimova uses a range of everyday objects in her experiments， from ping pong balls and toilet paper to bicycle wheels and hair dryers． 　　It’s clear she knows what it takes to get young people excited about a hard science． But it isn’t always that way． When she first started teaching college freshman classes almost two decades ago， she struggled to grab the attention of her younger students． She was used to teaching juniors and found it easier to teach them． “By junior year， students enrolled in physics are determined to learn，” she says． “But when it comes to teaching a large lecture hall of 100－plus first－year students， first impressions are important． Unfortunately， I did not grab their attention on the first day — that was my mistake．” 　　By the second semester， she found her footing， adjusting her approach to making her lecture halls feel smaller and get her students engaged． “Talk to your students before and after class． Walk up and down the stairs when you teach your class rather than stay on the stage，” she says． “And add showy demonstrations， which help students connect the abstract concepts with real life．” 　　Erukhimova has earned more than just recognition on social media． In October 2023， she was honored with a national award for science outreach for leadership in bringing the excitement of physics through innovative education programs． 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了美国得克萨斯农工大学的物理学教授Tatiana Erukhimova有创意地教学生们物理知识，激发了学生们对科学的热爱。 1.What can we infer about Erukhimova from the first two paragraphs？（　　） A．She likes to play a trick on her students． B．She wants to be popular on social media． C．She excites widespread interest in science． D．She is passionate about making online videos． 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句以及第二段前两句可知，她不仅让自己的学生对科学兴奋，其演示视频在社交媒体上也广受欢迎，这表明她激发了人们对科学的广泛兴趣。 2.Why did Erukhimova find it easier to teach juniors？（　　） A．Juniors showed a higher level of commitment to learning． B．She didn’t have to worry about first impressions． C．She used simpler teaching methods for juniors． D．Juniors could study entirely on their own． 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的By junior year， students enrolled in physics are determined to learn可知，大三学生对学习物理有决心，也就是大三学生在学习上表现出更高的投入程度，所以Erukhimova 觉得教大三学生更容易。 3.How did Erukhimova find her footing in the second semester？（　　） A．By improving her communication skills． B．By following a traditional teaching method． C．By reducing the number of students in the class． D．By making herself approachable and her teaching engaging． 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，她通过课上课后和学生交流，在上课时在教室走动而不是只待在讲台上，让自己更亲近学生，还增加引人注目的演示，使教学更具吸引力，从而在第二学期站稳了脚跟。 4.Which of the following best describes Erukhimova？（　　） A．Ambitious．　 B．Enthusiastic． C．Demanding．　 D．Hardworking． 解析：B　推理判断题。第二段第一句中的with boundless energy and enthusiasm （以无限的精力和热情）表明她是热情的。 B 　　（2026•辽西重点高中高二期末）In the digital era， where social media floods with ceaseless sharing， 26－year－old illustrator Lina from Hangzhou stands as a striking example． She regularly posts artworks and travel shots on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or engages in private conversations． “I love sharing fragments （碎片） of my life， yet building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally exhausting，” she admits． Lina’s attitude represents a growing trend among today’s youth： light socializing， a pattern that prioritizes self－expression over intensive emotional bonds in the virtual world． 　　Sociologist Min Li observes that social media， once a hub （中心） for developing relationships， has changed into a “self－showcase” platform for the younger generation． Instead of seeking active interactions， they share content like scenic photos or daily routines， with little expectation of feedback． Actions such as casually unfollowing， blocking strangers or using 24－hour disappearing posts show their wish to avoid burdensome “emotional labor” from shallow virtual ties． This shift comes from their desire to escape overwhelming pressure of empty digital interactions． 　　While critics dismiss light socializing as a sign of “emotional coldness”， it actually reflects a thoughtful adaptation． Psychologist Lu Chen argues that by embracing this approach， young people regain control over their online space — sharing freely without the anxiety of meeting others’ expectations． Even social platforms have evolved to meet this need： many now offer “silent modes”， such as hidden interaction records and one－way posting features， acknowledging the widespread acceptance of light socializing． 　　In a world tightly bound by digital connections， light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self－expression and privacy protection． It is not a refusal of social bonds but a wise pursuit of healthier， more autonomous online engagement． This trend shows the younger generation’s maturity in safeguarding their mental wellbeing， representing a forward－looking and thoughtful approach to modern social interactions． 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了数字时代年轻人中流行的轻度社交趋势，即通过有限度的自我分享和避免深度互动来减轻情感负担，这反映了他们对心理健康保护的成熟态度和对网络社交的审慎调整。 5.What does Lina do on social media？（　　） A．She only posts artworks． B．She shares life but skips deep chats． C．She never replies to comments． D．She focuses on building deep online bonds． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，Lina在社交媒体上分享生活但缺少深度交流。 6.The underlined phrase “emotional labor” in Paragraph 2 most probably refers to 　　　．（　　） A．the effort to keep deep online friendships B．the energy used to deal with shallow virtual relationships　 C．the happiness from making new friends on social media D．the sadness caused by bad comments on the Internet　 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线部分的上文和下文可知，年轻人想避免空洞的数字互动，前面的行为反映的是他们希望避免处理浅层虚拟关系所消耗的精力，画线部分意思应该是“处理浅层虚拟关系所消耗的精力”。 7.What can we infer about “light socializing”？（　　） A．It makes young people emotionally cold． B．It relies mainly on platforms’ silent modes． C．It abandons social bonds to protect mental health． D．It supports safe online engagement． 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，轻度社交维持了自我表达和隐私保护的平衡，代表对更健康、更自主的在线互动的追求。由此可推知，它支持安全的在线互动。 8.What can be a suitable title for the text？（　　） A．Keep Silent Mode on B．Social Media： “Self－showcase” Platform C．Keep the Digital Distance D．Emotional Coldness： Online Life’s Secret 解析：C　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后一句可知，文章围绕轻度社交现象展开，指出年轻人通过有限度的自我分享和避免深度互动来减轻情感负担，这反映了他们对心理健康保护的成熟态度和对网络社交的审慎调整。因此，C项适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五 　　（2026•广州高二上检测） Characteristics of an Excellent Scientist 　　The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences， especially natural science or physical science． 9.　　 Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist． 　　Curiosity 　　An excellent scientist must be very curious about things． Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work． 10.　　 　　Patience 　　Becoming a scientist takes a long time． 11.　　 Even if you think you have received some education on science， you still have a lot of scientific research to do． If you’re an instant－gratification type of person， this may not be the best choice for you． 　　Ethical qualities 　　In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good， a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s lives as well as the environment， since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run． 12.　　 Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest． However， that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence． 　　Working habits 　　13.　　 He/She can work well alone or in groups， depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally．Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new． A．To make discoveries， you have to think differently． B．There are very few jobs that take longer than this one．　 C．It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods． D．A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion． E．One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory． F．An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind． G．Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder， a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了优秀科学家所具备的一些特征。 9.C　上文提到词典对“科学家”这一名词的解释和理解。C项顺承此意，继续介绍对“科学家”的定义。 10.G　根据Curiosity以及An excellent scientist must be very curious about things．可知，科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好奇心。G项（科学家如果没有发问甚至好奇的动力，就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段）符合语境。 11.B　根据Patience以及Becoming a scientist takes a long time．可知，成为科学家需要很长时间，需要一定的耐心。B项符合语境。 12.D　根据下文可知，科学家要诚实，坚持真理，这是科学家Ethical qualities特征的体现。D项说明科学家的一些品质，符合语境。 13.F　根据Working habits可知，本段应介绍工作习惯，且下文作者介绍科学家的工作习惯。F项（一个优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记在心）符合语境。 Ⅲ．完形填空 　　（2026•唐山高二上检测）Sweat slips down my cheeks as I attempt a shoulder extension and look around． It’s just me， a couple of seabirds， and shining freshwater to the 　14　． This， I whisper to myself， is 　15　． 　　Solo outings had never 　16　 my mind before because I always had a friend with me． But three years ago， I 　17　 to Cleveland． Meeting friends in a new city was tough， leaving me feeling quite lonely 　18　． 　　In October 2020， I decided to 　19　 a solo hiking trip． I went to Cuyahoga Valley National Park to admire the autumn leaves． Four miles in， I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so 　20　． I focused my ears on each forest sound and did something I almost never made time for： I listened to my own thoughts． 　　When spring arrived， I decided to 　21　 another solo sport： kayaking （皮划艇）． My chest， initially 　22　 by nerves， was bursting with happiness when I finally reached the middle of the river． The 　23　 from anxiety to joy was incredible． 　　Since that first solo hike， adventuring alone has become like 　24　 for my soul． It has also pushed me to go beyond my comfort zone and to 　25　 new people． Through social media， my adventure－friend circle has 　26　． But at least once per month， I 　27　 time to hit nature with my favorite friend： me． 　　These solo journeys are not just about exercise； they have taught me the 　28　 of my own company and made me stronger than ever before． 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者从习惯结伴出行，到迁居新城市后因交友不易转而尝试独自冒险。独自冒险成为心灵良药，让他走出舒适区、结识新友，更懂得独处价值，变得愈发坚强。 14.A．ground　 B．limit C．barrier　 D．horizon 解析：D　根据上文及常识可知，作者站在水边，看到的应是水面到地平线的位置。to the horizon为固定搭配，意为“到地平线，一望无际”。 15.A．challenging　 B．emotional C．superb　 D．annoying 解析：C　根据上文可知，作者独自一人，周围的环境很美，所以作者觉得此刻的感受太棒了。 16.A．crossed　 B．cleared C．opened　 D．changed 解析：A　根据下文可知，因为作者以前总是有朋友陪着，所以作者从未有过独自外出的想法。cross one’s mind为固定短语，意为“某人想到，浮现在脑海中”。 17.A．rushed　 B．moved C．returned　 D．drove 解析：B　根据下文可知，作者搬到了克利夫兰这个新城市。 18.A．occasionally　 B．randomly C．readily　 D．casually 解析：A　根据上文可知，在一个新城市里结交朋友很困难，因此作者偶尔会感到孤独。 19.A．take　 B．favour C．adjust　 D．watch 解析：A　根据下文可知，作者去了库雅荷加谷国家公园欣赏秋叶，所以此处指作者进行了一次独自徒步旅行。take a trip为固定短语，意为“去旅行”。 20.A．ambitious　 B．alive C．ashamed　 D．anxious 解析：B　根据下文可知，作者专注于森林的每一个声音，倾听自己的想法，在自然中感受到了鲜活的生命力。 21.A．try out　 B．cross out C．hold out　 D．bring out 解析：A　根据上文独自徒步旅行的成功体验及下文可知，作者决定尝试皮划艇这项独自运动，并到达了河中央。 22.A．touched　 B．warmed C．tightened　 D．opened 解析：C　根据下文by nerves和常识可知，紧张会导致胸口发紧。 23.A．reaction　 B．pause C．gap　 D．shift 解析：D　根据下文from anxiety to joy可知，此处指情绪从焦虑到喜悦的转变。 24.A．witness　 B．route C．poison　 D．medicine 解析：D　根据下文可知，独自冒险不仅让作者学会了享受独处，还让作者比以往任何时候都更坚强，这对作者来说就像治愈灵魂的良药。 25.A．educate　 B．meet C．unite　 D．help 解析：B　根据下文可知，作者通过社交媒体走出舒适区，结识了很多喜欢冒险的新朋友，作者的朋友圈迅速扩大。 26.A．contracted　 B．bloomed C．ballooned　 D．shortened 解析：C　参见上题解析。 27.A．spend　 B．kill C．schedule　 D．waste 解析：C　根据语境可知，作者会特意安排时间独自出行，去亲近大自然。 28.A．value　 B．cost C．danger　 D．reason 解析：A　根据上文独自旅行带来的心灵成长及下文可知，作者领悟到了独处的价值，让作者比以往任何时候都更坚强。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $