Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Part Ⅱ Language points（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版)

本高中英语讲义聚焦词汇与句型核心知识点，系统梳理阅读词汇（如contradictory、household）、写作词汇（如take the blame、substantial sums of money）、多义词汇（如subscribe、handle）及拓展词汇（如severe、frustrated的词形变化），结合短语互译与until从句、so...that等重点句型，构建从基础积累到拓展应用的学习支架。 该资料特色在于通过多义词汇辨析、熟词生义训练提升语言能力，句型解构中“教材原句+练透写美”环节培养思维品质，层级练习（基础练品句填词、能力练阅读理解）助力学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生巩固查漏，体现英语学科“词汇-句型-语用”一体化教学方法。

Part Ⅱ　Language points Ⅰ．阅读词汇 1.contradictory statements相互矛盾的论述 2.household appliances　　家用电器 3.germs in food or water　　食物或饮用水中的细菌 4. water pump　　水泵 5. raw waste　　未经处理的废弃物 6. statistical data　　统计数据 7.under a microscope　　在显微镜下 Ⅱ．写作词汇 1.take the blame　　承担责任 2.a link between exercise and health　　运动和健康之间的联系 3. substantial sums of money　　大笔的钱 4.a sharp decrease in temperature　　温度急剧下降 Ⅲ．多义词汇 1.①subscribe to the magazine 订阅杂志 ②subscribe to the Hope Project 向希望工程捐款 ③subscribe to your view 赞同你的观点 2.①handle the machine 操作机器 ②handle conflicts between team members 　处理团队成员之间的冲突 ③turn the handle to open the door　转动把手开门 Ⅳ．拓展词汇 1.severe adj．极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv．严重地；严厉地 2.frustrated adj．懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt．使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败→frustrating adj．令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 3.infection n．感染；传染→infect vt．使感染；传染→infectious adj．传染性的；感染的（尤指通过呼吸） 4.proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove v．证明；证明是 5.multiple adj．数量多的；多种多样的→multiply v．乘以；迅速增加；繁殖 6.suspect vt．& vi．怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→suspicion n．怀疑；嫌疑→suspicious adj．怀疑的；可疑的 7.intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene v．介入；出面；插话 8.pure adj．干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purify v．净化→purely adv．仅仅；完全→purity n．纯净；纯洁 9.transform vt．使改观；使改变形态 vi．改变；转变→transformation n．变化；转变；改观 构词法 名词后缀－ion表示“动作、过程、结果、状态”等。 直接＋ion ①infect→infection 感染 ②act→action 行动 ③direct→direction 说明；指导；方向 ④exhibit→exhibition 展览；展览品 去e＋ion ①reduce→reduction 减少 ②graduate→graduation 毕业 Ⅴ．短语互译 1.once and for all最终地；彻底地 2.subscribe to　　同意；赞同 3.thanks to　　幸亏；由于 4.be to blame　　（对某事）负有责任 5.suspect sb of sth　　怀疑某人某事 6.be likely to do sth　　有可能做某事 7.die from　　死于 8.in time　　及时；最终 9.attend to　　照料 10.as a result of　　由于 Ⅵ．句型填空 1.句型公式：until引导时间状语从句 教材原句：Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome． 在英国医生约翰•斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 2.句型公式：so ．．．that ．．． 如此……以至于…… 教材原句：He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days． 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。 3.句型公式：It seems/seemed that ．．． 好像……；似乎…… 教材原句：It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day． 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 4.句型公式：have sth done让/请某人做某事；使某事被做 教材原句：Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used． 于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。 写作词汇集释 1.frustrated adj．懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt．使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败→frustrating adj．令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 教材原句　As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera．由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰•斯诺医生很沮丧。 【用法】 （1）feel/be frustrated at/with ．．．对……感到沮丧/懊恼　 （2）feel deep frustration with　　对……感到深深的挫败 【积累】　 ①a frustrating experience 一次令人沮丧的经历 ②feel a sense of frustration 感到一种沮丧感 ③express frustration 表达沮丧之情 【佳句】　I was frustrated at my poor performance in the contest and tears of frustration welled up in my eyes．　（心理描写） 我对我在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧，懊恼的泪水夺眶而出。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①What made him frustrated （frustrate） was that his son was infected with the flu virus． ②My brother’s bedroom is always in a mess， and he can never find anything， which is very frustrating （frustrate）． ③If you let frustration （frustrate） control your actions， you might make decisions you’ll later regret． 【写美】　完成句子 ④我既沮丧又失望，感觉自己好像被扔进了一个无尽的黑暗世界之中。　（情绪描写） Frustrated and disappointed， I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness． 2.subscribe vi．认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）→subscriber n．订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者 教材原句　Snow subscribed to the second theory．斯诺赞同第二种看法。 【用法】 subscribe to同意；赞同；捐助；订阅 subscribe ．．．to ．．．　　在……上签署……；向……捐…… 【佳句】　I subscribed to my wife’s suggestion that I should make an apology to my brother．　（2025•全国一卷） 我赞同妻子的建议，我应该向我哥哥道歉。 【点津】　subscribe to意为“同意，赞同”时，后常跟view， belief， theory， suggestion等名词作宾语。 【练透】　语境辨义 ①The old man subscribed most of his savings to the flooded area， which touched all the people of his community．　捐助 【写美】　完成句子 ②我们所有人都赞成这个观点：好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重。 All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent－child relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect． 3.blame vt．把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 教材原句　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame．斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 【用法】 （1）blame sb for （doing） sth责备某人（做了）某事 blame sth on sb　　把某事归咎于某人 be to blame （for）　　应（为……）承担责任；该（为……）受责备 （2）put the blame on　　归咎于…… 【佳句】　Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place．　（建议信） 我们应该多交流、换位思考而不是相互责备。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Although the teaching assistant was to blame （blame） for the severe mistake， the foreign teacher didn’t blame her for it． 【写美】　完成句子 ②由于考试没考好受到责备，女孩忍不住掩面痛哭。　（情绪描写） Blamed for not performing well in the examination， the girl couldn’t help crying bitterly， burying her face in her hands． 4.decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt．& vi．（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 教材原句　Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease． 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 【用法】 （1）decrease by减少了 decrease （from ．．．） to　　（从……）减少到 decrease in　　在某方面下降 （2）on the decrease　　在下降；在减少 a decrease in sth　　某方面的减少/下降 【佳句】　Because of human activities， the number of some rare animals is on the decrease． 由于人类的活动， 一些稀有动物的数量正在减少。 【联想】　decrease的反义词为increase，搭配如下： ①increase to ．．．增加到…… ②increase by ．．．增加了…… ③on the increase在增加 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Over the past decades， sea ice has decreased （decrease） in the Arctic as a result of global warming． 【写美】　完成句子 ②青少年对中国古代传统和风俗的了解正在减少，因此，我倡议组织各种活动以增进他们的知识和鉴赏力。 Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs is decreasing/on the decrease， so I advocate organising various activities to promote their knowledge and appreciation． 阅读词汇清障 Ⅰ．一词多义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思。 1.handle A．vt．处理 B．vt．操纵 C．vt．（用手）触，拿　 D．n．把手 ①I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car． 　　B　 ②She turned the handle and opened the door． 　　D　 ③The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions．　　C　 ④We must learn to handle pressure properly in our daily lives．　　A　 2.suspect A．n．犯罪嫌疑人　　 B．adj．可疑的 C．vt．怀疑 ①（2023•新课标Ⅰ卷）I cast a worried look at my teacher， murmuring，“I do suspect myself of my ability in writing．”　　C　 ②Two suspects are now being interrogated in connection with the killing．　　A　 ③His reason for being absent is suspect．　　B　 Ⅱ．熟词生义 根据语境写出加蓝词的词性和含义。 1.My heart was pumping with extreme excitement．　vi．快速跳动 2.Employees subscribed for far more shares than were available．　vi．认购股份 3.This role has turned him into a household name．　adj．家喻户晓的 4.It was an event that would transform my life．　vt．改变 5. Linking arms with one of the instructors， I helped carry the young man out of the water．　vt．挽住 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：until引导时间状语从句 教材原句　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome． 在英国医生约翰•斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 【用法】 （1）not ．．． until ．．．意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句。 （2）在not ．．． until ．．．句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序。 （3）not ．．． until ．．．句型的强调句为It is/was not until ．．． that ．．． 【佳句】　I left the hospital with confidence，promising that I would keep trying until I finished the project wonderfully． 我满怀信心地离开了医院，并承诺我会继续努力，直到完美地完成这个项目。 【练透】　完成句子/一句多译 ①声音越来越大，直到大卫拖着腿越过终点线。　（动作描写） The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg， crossing the finish line． ②直到参加了采摘活动我才意识到自己动手是多么重要。 →I didn’t realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity． →It wasn’t until I took part in the picking activity that I realized how important working with my own hands was．（强调句） →Not until I took part in the picking activity did I realize how important working with my own hands was．（倒装句） 2.句型公式：so ．．．that ．．．如此……以至于…… 教材原句　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days． 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，以至于十天内就有500多人死亡。 【用法】 （1）引导结果状语从句的两个句型： ①so＋ ②such＋ （2）当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。　 【佳句】　Chinese transport has experienced so many remarkable transformations that it gives the Chinese people access to different means of travelling．　（2024•全国甲卷） 中国交通经历了如此多显著的变化，为中国人民提供了不同的旅行方式。 【写美】　完成句子/一句多译 ①这位物理老师对这个难题的讲解既耐心又清晰，最终所有学生都高兴地意识到自己已经完全理解了。 The physics teacher explained the difficult problem so patiently and clearly that all the students were very happy to have understood him in the end． ②即将到来的中国工坊是如此有意义的活动，以至于吸引了许多交换生。　（2023•6月天津卷） →The upcoming Chinese workshop is such a meaningful activity that it appeals to numerous exchange students． （such） →The upcoming Chinese workshop is so meaningful an activity that it appeals to numerous exchange students．（so） 3.句型公式：have sth done 教材原句　It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day．该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 【用法】 have sb/sth done　 使……被……；某人遭遇…… have sb/sth doing　　让某人/某物一直…… can’t have sb doing sth　　不允许某人做某事 have sb do sth　　让某人做某事 have sth to do　　有事情要做 【佳句】　He had his right leg injured during the training and had to drop out of the race． 他在训练中右腿受伤，不得不退出比赛。 【写美】　完成句子 ①这对双胞胎很想让他们的父亲帮他们做早餐。 The twins were eager to have their father help them with the breakfast． ②非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。　（道歉信） I am terribly sorry for having you waiting for me for so long， because I had an urgent thing to attend to just now． Ⅰ．品句填词 1.As a matter of fact，I completely subscribed to what he had put forward at the meeting． 2.All in all，we should learn from her and never should we suspect （怀疑） our ability to achieve our initial goals． 3.Being exposed to these surroundings will increase the risk of infection （感染）． 4.Blamed （指责） for the breakdown of the school computer network， Jane was in low spirits． 5.Health problems are closely linked （联系） to bad eating habits and a lack of exercise． 6.We import raw （未处理的） materials and energy and export mainly industrial products． 7.Hope my proposals can help you and you will soon handle （处理） the issue properly． 8.In our country， the number of smokers is decreasing step by step． 9.The teacher’s encouragement transformed the shy student， and he began to participate actively in class discussions． 10.Disappointed and frustrated， the poor man made his way back to his family． Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1.This is one proof that environmental factors have a much higher effect than we thought． 2.All of them blamed the mistake on me， making me quite frustrated （frustrate） and depressed． 3.It was because of his generous help that I could have the problem handled （handle） smoothly． 4.He was struggling to make the transformation （transform） from a single man to a responsible husband． 5.Chinese herbs come from materials that are purely （pure） natural， which have few side effects． 6.As far as I am concerned，you are to blame/blamed （blame） for the severe mistake． Ⅲ．固定搭配和句式 1.Thanks to his intervention，we could address the problem in a peaceful way once and for all． 2.You should memorize more words and expressions to have your vocabulary enriched （enrich）， which is of vital importance to English learning． 3.Many scientists subscribe to the view/idea that （同意这种观点）it is human activity that has caused global warming． 4.Thanks to the English Corner （多亏了这个英语角）， I have made many friends who share the same interest with me． 5.Giving up smoking is strongly advised as a large amount of evidence shows that there is a link between smoking and lung disease （吸烟和肺病之间有联系）． 6.It seems that （似乎）everyone wants to do something for the celebration． 7.It is as a result of （由于） his help that I can fully understand this theoretical framework． 8.He is likely to （很可能） be in charge of the activity， because so many people support him． 9.Even if she isn’t sure how to solve the difficulties （that/which） she comes across （如何解决她所遇到的困难）， she will never feel frustrated． 10.Jane didn’t let out a cry of regret until she got lost in the forest． →Not until she got lost in the forest did Jane let out a cry of regret．（倒装句） →It was not until she got lost in the forest that Jane let out a cry of regret．（强调句） Ⅰ．阅读理解 　　（2026•厦泉五校高二上联考）Artificial intelligence （AI） may be the biggest winner of this year’s Nobel Prize． AI pioneers were recognized with the Nobel Prize in Physics， while the Nobel Prize in Chemistry also had AI－related contributions． 　　US scientist John Hopfield and British－Canadian Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics for discoveries and inventions in machine learning that paved the way for the AI boom， according to Reuters． 　　In 1982， Hopfield created a network that helps computers store and recall patterns， similar to how our brains remember things． A year later， Hinton developed the Boltzmann machine， which allows computers to learn independently to recognize patterns in data， such as identifying specific objects in images． 　　As for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry， US scientists David Baker and John Jumper， along with British computer scientist Demis Hassabis， won the prize． Half the prize was awarded to Baker “for computational protein design” while the other half was shared by Jumper and Hassabis for their development of the AI model AlphaFold2. 　　Scientists struggled for decades to predict how proteins fold into their 3D shapes that determine their function． However， AlphaFold2， developed by AI research laboratory DeepMind， can accurately predict the 3D structures of nearly all known proteins， showing great potential in the field of drug development． 　　“AI can be a powerful tool for solving problems that involve deriving （获得） outputs from inputs， showing its great potential in scientific research，” Professor Yang Maojun from Tsinghua University told Science and Technology Daily． 　　In his view， AI applications are not limited to fields like biology， chemistry or physics． Their scope mainly depends on how well problems from the real world can be abstracted into a form that AI can learn and process， and whether there is sufficient real－world data to train and build deep learning networks． 　　AI’s importance in scientific research is increasingly evident （明显的）． Yang believes that scientists should actively embrace this trend while remaining aware of AI’s limitations． Hinton expressed a similar concern at the Nobel press conference． “We also have to worry about a number of possible bad consequences， particularly the threat of these things getting out of control，” he said． “Humans carry the responsibility for using this new technology in a safe and ethical way， for the greatest benefit of humankind，” said Ellen Moons， chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人工智能可能是今年诺贝尔奖的最大赢家。人工智能的先驱者获得了诺贝尔奖物理学奖，诺贝尔化学奖也有与人工智能相关的贡献。 1.What was John Hopfield recognized for in the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics？（　　） A．Inventing the Boltzmann machine． B．Creating AI models for image analysis． C．Developing a network for pattern storage． D．Designing a new type of computer processor． 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，Hopfield因为开发模式存储网络获得2024年诺贝尔物理学奖。 2.What is the significance of AlphaFold2？（　　） A．It can synthesize （合成） new proteins for drug use．　 B．It can forecast protein folding patterns． C．It can analyze the genetic sequences （顺序） of proteins． D．It can identify proteins related to diseases． 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，AlphaFold2的意义是它可以预测蛋白质的折叠模式。 3.According to Yang Maojun， what is one factor that limits the scope of AI applications？（　　） A．The availability of real－world data． B．The accuracy of AI training data． C．The level of human involvement in AI learning． D．The effectiveness of deep learning algorithms． 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第七段内容可推知，真实世界数据的可获得性是限制人工智能应用范围的一个因素。 4.What concern did Hinton raise about AI during the Nobel press conference？（　　） A．The risk of AI becoming unmanageable． B．The potential for AI to replace human creativity． C．The slow adoption of AI in scientific research． D．The lack of ethical guidelines for AI development． 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，在诺贝尔奖新闻发布会上，辛顿对人工智能提出了人工智能的风险变得难以控制的担忧。 Ⅱ．完形填空 　　（2026•三晋联盟联合考试）Lara Friedman adopted a dog， Leo． She developed a 　5　 of walking Leo four times a day． One evening， Friedman and Leo were out on their last walk of the day． Suddenly， fireworks started 　6　 overhead and the dog went into a total panic． Worse still， it had 　7　 earlier and the sidewalks were slippery （滑的）． Leo， weighing as much as Friedman， 　8　 to pull Friedman down the street， putting both of them in danger． Friedman was frozen， feeling 　9　， knowing there was no 　10　 of getting the two of them home safely． 　　Just then， a man named Blake walked out of his house． When he noticed Leo’s 　11　， he rushed out， trying to comfort the dog． As the fireworks continued exploding （爆炸）， Leo was still behaving 　12　． The man then went back into his house and came back with another man． Together， the three of them tried to control Leo， but it 　13　． So， Blake suggested he 　14　 Friedman and Leo home． Running out of 　15　， Friedman gratefully accepted the 　16　． As Blake drove the car over， they guided Leo to get on from the back door． Blake managed to take them home safely． 　　“I don’t know how that night would have 　17　 without these two persons， who came to our 　18　． I am so grateful and I will absolutely be 　19　 it forward，” said Friedman． 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。弗里德曼带狗遛弯时，狗因烟花受惊失控，恰逢布莱克两人出手相助，开车将他们安全送回家，弗里德曼感激并传递了这份善意。 5.A．sense　 B．routine C．belief　 D．preference 解析：B　根据下文four times a day可知，这是固定的日常安排。 6.A．going off　 B．falling apart C．keeping balance　 D．running out 解析：A　根据上文fireworks和下文panic可知，这里指烟花燃放的声音让狗受惊。going off是烟花“燃放”的固定表达。 7.A．struggled　 B．quitted C．blown　 D．rained 解析：D　根据下文the sidewalks were slippery可推知，人行道很滑的直接原因是下雨。 8.A．gestured　 B．threatened C．hesitated　 D．promised 解析：B　根据下文pull Friedman down the street以及语境可知，里奥受惊后失控，体重与主人相当的它拖拽主人，有让主人摔倒的危险。threaten在此处表示“险些造成某种后果”。 9.A．energetic　 B．curious C．powerless　 D．effortless 解析：C　根据上文可知，这里指狗失控且路面湿滑，弗里德曼无法控制局面。 10.A．chance　 B．sigh C．issue　 D．point 解析：A　根据上文可知，当时处境危险，弗里德曼认为安全回家的可能性渺茫。no chance of 表示“没有……的可能”。 11.A．character　 B．ambition C．aim　 D．state 解析：D　根据上文以及语境可知，里奥因烟花受惊、失控拖拽主人，这是一种异常状态。 12.A．intentionally　 B．wildly C．occasionally　 D．responsibly 解析：B　根据上下文可知，上文提到狗惊慌，且这时三人试图控制它，说明狗的状态仍未平复，行为狂躁。 13.A．permitted　 B．occurred C．failed　 D．escaped 解析：C　根据下文可知，这里指控制狗的尝试没有成功。 14.A．drive　 B．drag C．track　 D．walk 解析：A　根据下文可知，这里指布莱克提议开车送他们。drive为原词复现。 15.A．advantages　 B．funds C．materials　 D．options 解析：D　根据上文以及语境可知，控制狗失败且处境危险，布莱克的提议是唯一可行的办法。run out of options表示“没有其他选择”。 16.A．task　 B．offer C．concept　 D．fact 解析：B　根据上文可知，布莱克提出开车送他们回家，这是一个具体的提议。 17.A．carried on　 B．broken up C．turned out　 D．worked out 解析：C　根据下文以及语境可知，弗里德曼感慨若没有他人帮助，当晚的结果不堪设想。turn out表示“结果是”。 18.A．rescue　 B．destination C．mind　 D．way 解析：A　根据上文以及语境可知，弗里德曼和狗陷入危险，布莱克两人的行为是救援。come to one’s rescue是固定搭配，表示“前来救援某人”。 19.A．taking　 B．pushing C．bringing　 D．paying 解析：D　根据下文it forward以及语境可知，这里指把这份善意传递下去。pay it forward是固定短语，表示“将善意传递下去”。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $