Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

本讲义围绕“与自然邂逅”主题阅读及语言点展开，通过课前图片导入激趣启思，速读环节梳理文章主旨与结构，精读任务设计细节理解题及批判性问题，课文融通进行语法填空巩固，语言点部分系统讲解词汇（如variety, concentrate）、句型（强调句、倒装句）及写作应用，搭建从输入到输出的完整学习支架。 该资料以情境化任务驱动核心素养发展，课前图片导入激活学习兴趣，培养学习能力；精读Task 2通过“野外遇动物如何反应”等问题引导学生联系自身经历，提升思维品质；语言点结合构词法、句型公式及高考真题实例，强化语言能力；课后“保护动物”演讲写作渗透文化意识，课中助力教师分层教学，课后便于学生回顾强化，实现语言学习与价值引领的统一。

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas Part Ⅰ　Reading comprehension 第一步　课前导入·激趣启思 1.Do you know this park？ 　Yes， it’s Yellowstone National Park.　 2.Do you think what his job is？ 　A photographer.　 第二步　速读课文·理清脉络 1.What’s the main idea of the passage？（　B　） A.A frightening bear. B.A frightening but magical experience. C.An introduction to Yellowstone National Park. D.An unexpected visitor. 2.Structures and clues 第三步　精读课文·领悟细节 Task 1：Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1.What’s the author’s attitude to his job as a nature photographer？（　　） A.Negative.　 B.Unconcerned. C.Cold.　 D.Positive. 2.What does the word “breathtaking” in paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　） A.Frightening.　　　　 B.Shocking. C.Beautiful.　 D.Surprising. 3.What’s the right order of the events？（　　） ①I felt I was being watched. ②The bear ran away. ③I took a photo of the bear. ④I saw a bear. A.③①②④　 B.①④②③ C.③④②①　 D.①④③② 4.According to the author， who are the unexpected visitors to the animals’ world？（　　） A.The bear.　 B.The author. C.The human beings.　 D.Animals. 5.What lesson did the author draw from the frightening but magical experience？（　　） A.People are the master of nature. B.Don’t move first when meeting bears. C.The brown bears are aggressive. D.People should live in harmony with nature. 答案：1－5　DDDCD Task 2：Think creatively and critically and answer the questions. 1.Have you ever seen any small animals when you are travelling in the wild？ 　Yes， I once encountered a lovely squirrel in the wild.　 2.If you have such experiences， how will you react to the animals？ 　I will try to capture the beautiful moment with my camera， but never disturb the animals’ peaceful lives.　 第四步　课文融通·学以致用 　　根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　Last spring in Yellowstone， I followed a path that took me 1.　through　 a dark forest.When I 2.　finally　 （final） stepped out of the trees， the view was breathtaking.An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains， which 3.　were reflected　 （reflect） in the still lake below.While I 4.　was concentrating　 （concentrate） on photographing this amazing scene， I suddenly had a 5.　feeling　 （feel） that I was being watched.Slowly， and with the camera still 6.　held　 （hold） to my eye， I turned ...and froze.Only metres away from me was a bear.With water falling off its thick，brown hair，the bear stared back at me.Time stood still as the bear and I both waited 7.　to see　 （see） who would move first.My legs started shaking.Somehow， I forced my finger to press the button.8.　A　 second later， the bear turned and ran back into the forest.When I recovered 9.　from　 the shock， I looked at my camera.My most 10.　frightening　 （frighten） but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image. An Encounter with Nature 　　As a nature photographer①， I have to brave the elements②.But despite the wind and the rain， I still enjoy working outside in the wild.[1]One of the best things about this job is that you can observe animals in their natural environment③. 　　My favourite place to take photos④ is Yellowstone National Park.As the world’s first national park， Yellowstone is famous for⑤ the variety of its wildlife⑥， but it is probably best known for⑦ its bears.These huge， strong animals can live for 30 years⑧.Despite a weight of up to 300 kilograms⑨， they can run at a speed of around 64 kilometres per hour⑩ and are also excellent swimmers. 　　【释疑难】　[1]that引导表语从句。 　　Last spring in Yellowstone， I followed a path⑪ that took me through a dark forest.When I finally stepped out of the trees⑫， the view was breathtaking.An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains⑬， which were reflected in the still lake below⑭.[2]While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene⑮， I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched.Slowly， and with the camera still held to my eye， I turned ... and froze.Only metres away from me was a bear.With water falling off its thick， brown hair， the bear stared back at me.[3]Time stood still⑯ as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first.My legs started shaking⑰.Somehow， I forced my finger to press the button⑱.A second later， the bear turned and ran back into the forest.When I recovered from the shock⑲， I looked at my camera.My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image. 　　From time to time⑳ I look at the photo as a reminder to show respect to all animals㉑.[4]It is after all㉒ we who are the visitors to their world. 　　【释疑难】　[2]While引导时间状语从句；that引导同位语从句。 　　[3]as引导时间状语从句；who引导宾语从句。 　　[4]强调句：It is＋被强调成分＋who/that＋其他成分。 　　【赏靓点】　第三段的对峙场景中，作者以Slowly， and with the camera still held to my eye， I turned ... and froze.的动作细节，定格住发现熊时的瞬间僵硬；后续将熊的野性质感具象化；Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first.My legs started shaking.的心理与肢体描写，进一步拉满人与熊对峙的紧张张力；直到forced my finger to press the button的动作，才让紧绷的情绪有了落点。从视觉细节到心理波动，再到肢体反应，层层递进的刻画让这场野性邂逅的惊险与真实感扑面而来。 语块翻译 ①　一名自然摄影师　 ②　不顾天气恶劣　 ③　观察自然状态下的动物　 ④　拍照　 ⑤　因……而闻名　 ⑥　野生动物的多样性　 ⑦　最广为人知的可能是　 ⑧　寿命长达30年　 ⑨　达300公斤的体重　 ⑩　以约64公里的时速　 ⑪ 　沿着小路　 ⑫ 　走出森林　 ⑬ 　飞过白雪皑皑的山峰　 ⑭ 　倒映在平静的湖面上　 ⑮　聚精会神地拍摄这惊人的景观　 ⑯ 　时间静止　 ⑰ 　开始颤抖　 ⑱ 　强迫我的手指按下快门　 ⑲ 　从震惊中回过神来　 ⑳ 　不时地　 ㉑ 　尊重所有的动物　 ㉒ 　毕竟　 参考译文 一次与自然的邂逅 　　身为一名自然摄影师，我必须要风雨无阻地行动。尽管风吹雨淋，我仍然享受在野外工作。这项工作的好处之一是你可以观察到自然状态下的动物。 　　我最喜欢的拍摄地是黄石国家公园。黄石公园是世界上第一个国家公园，因其野生动物的多样性而闻名，不过其中最广为人知的可能还是那里的熊。这种动物体型庞大，健壮有力，寿命长达30年。虽然体重最高可达300公斤，它们却能以约64公里的时速奔跑，还非常擅长游泳。 　　去年春天，我沿着黄石公园的一条小径穿过一片昏暗的森林。当我终于走出森林，眼前的景色令人叹为观止。白雪皑皑的山峰倒映在山脚下平静的湖面上，一只鹰掠过山顶。我正聚精会神地拍摄这惊人的景观，突然感觉有什么在盯着我。我慢慢地转身，相机还端在眼前……然后我僵住了。那是一头熊，就在几米开外。它也盯着我，厚厚的棕色皮毛滴着水珠。时间凝固了，我和熊都等着看谁会先动。我的双腿开始颤抖。但我竟然还硬是按下了快门。一秒过后，那头熊转身跑回了森林。当我从震惊中回过神来，我查看了相机。这个可怕至极却又如此神奇的经历已经被永远定格在一张照片中。 　　我不时地会看看这张照片，提醒自己尊重所有的动物。毕竟，我们才是它们世界的访客。 Part Ⅱ　Language points Ⅰ.阅读词汇 1.press the button　　　　　按　按钮　 2.element of success　　成功的　要素　 3.follow a path　　沿着一条　小道　 4.a splendid golden eagle　　一只金色的　雄鹰　 5.an animal fact file　　一份动物资料　档案　 Ⅱ.写作词汇 1.64 kilometres 　per　 hour　　每小时64千米 2.an 　encounter　 with nature　　一次与自然的邂逅 3.　breathtaking　 view　　令人叹为观止的景色 4.　stare　 at me　　盯着我看 5.　capture　 this frightening but magical experience 记录这次可怕却又神奇的经历 6.a single 　image　　　一张单幅图像 Ⅲ.多义词汇 ①freeze into ice　　　结成冰　 ②freeze fresh vegetables　　　冷冻新鲜蔬菜　 ③freeze in mid-air　　　在空中突然停住　 ④freeze with fear　　　吓得呆住　 Ⅳ.拓展词汇 1.　photographer　 n.摄影师→photograph n.照片，相片 v.摄影，给……拍照→photography n.摄影，摄影术 2.　recover　 v.（从糟糕经历中）恢复→recovery n.恢复；痊愈 3.　shock　 n.吃惊，震惊v.使吃惊，使震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.吃惊的，震惊的 4.　variety　 n.多样化，变化；[C] 种类；品种→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→vary v.变化，改变→varied adj.各式各样的；多变的 5.　concentrate　 v.专注，专心→concentration n.集中；专心 6.　freeze　 v.突然停住，呆住→freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的→frozen adj.冻结的；冷冻的 7.　reaction　 n.反应 →react v.反应 【构词法】 动词＋-ion构成名词 ①protect→protection（保护） ②connect→connection（连接） ③collect→collection（收集；收藏） ④attract→attraction（吸引；景点） Ⅴ.短语互译 1.　brave the elements　　　不顾天气恶劣，冒着风雨 2.　a variety of　　　各种各样的 3.　be famous/known for　　　因……而出名 4.　up to　　　达到…… 5.at a speed of ...　　　以……的速度　 6.concentrate on　　 　集中注意力于，全神贯注于　 7.fall off　　　从……掉下来　 8.recover from　　　从……恢复　 9.from time to time　　　不时，偶尔　 10.after all　　　毕竟，终究　 11.do good to　　　对……有益　 Ⅵ.句型填空 1.句型公式：表语从句 教材原句：One of the best things about this job is 　that you can observe animals　 in their natural environment. 这项工作的好处之一是你可以观察到自然状态下的动物。 2.句型公式：时间状语从句 教材原句：　While I was concentrating on photographing　 this amazing scene， I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. 我正聚精会神地拍摄这惊人的景观，突然感觉有什么在盯着我。 3.句型公式：完全倒装 教材原句：　Only metres away from me was　 a bear. 那是一头熊，就在几米开外。 4.句型公式：强调句 教材原句：　It is after all we who　 are the visitors to their world. 毕竟，我们才是它们世界的访客。 写作词汇集释 1.variety n.[U] 多样化，变化；[C] 种类；品种→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→vary vt.& vi.改变；变化 教材原句　As the world’s first national park， Yellowstone is famous for the variety of its wildlife， but it is probably best known for its bears. 黄石公园是世界上第一个国家公园，因其野生动物的多样性而闻名，不过其中最广为人知的可能还是那里的熊。 【用法】 （1）a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的；各种各样的 （2）vary from ...to ...　　从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 vary with ...　　随……而变 【佳句】　There are a variety of books for us to choose from，like history books，science fiction，literary books and so on. （学校生活） 有各种各样的书供我们从中选择，像历史书、科幻小说、文学书籍等等。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Libraries， targeted at 　various　 （vary） age groups， will often hold reading group sessions. ②The prices of vegetables vary 　with　 the seasons， with some becoming more expensive during the winter months. 【写美】　词汇升级 ③Students have the opportunity to participate in many activities. →Students have the opportunity to participate in 　a variety of/varieties of　 activities. 2.concentrate v.专注，专心→concentration n.集中；专心 教材原句　While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene， I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. 我正聚精会神地拍摄这惊人的景观，突然感觉有什么在盯着我。 【用法】 concentrate on （doing） sth专心于（做）某事 concentrate one’s mind/attention on集中注意力于；专心于 【佳句】　I strongly suggest that you （should） concentrate your mind/attention on your studies instead of playing computer games. 我强烈建议你专心学习，而不是玩电脑游戏。 【点津】　表示“专心于，全神贯注于”的短语还有focus/fix one’s mind/attention on；put one’s heart into；be buried/lost/absorbed in等。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I knew that 　concentration　 （concentrate） was the first requirement for learning. ②Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school， but as students we should concentrate 　on　 our studies. 【写美】　完成句子 ③最弱小的人，只要集中力量于一点，也能得到好的结果。 （主旨升华） The weakest living creature，by 　concentrating his powers on　 a single object，can also accomplish good results. 3.freeze v.突然停止，呆住→freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的→frozen adj.冻结的，严寒的；冷冻的 教材原句　Slowly，and with the camera still held to my eye， I turned ...and froze. 我慢慢地转身，相机还端在眼前……然后我僵住了。 【用法】 （1）freeze with fear （terror）/shock　　　　吓/惊呆了 freeze （sb） to death　　（把某人）冻死 （2）freezing point　　冰点 above/below freezing point 在冰点以上/下 freezing cold　　极冷的；冻僵的 （3）be frozen to death 　　被冻死 【佳句】　I stood there a moment， in frozen terror， and then rushed back to the room. （动作描写） 我在那里站了一会儿，吓得呆若木鸡，然后冲回房间。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①If you stay outside in this cold weather，you’ll freeze 　to　 death. ②Despite the 　freezing　 （freeze） conditions，they decided to go to visit their grandmother. ③The lake was completely 　frozen　 （freeze） over in the winter. ④At the sight of the ferocious wolf， I froze 　with　 terror， too scared to move an inch. 【写美】　完成句子 ⑤外面冷极了，所以你最好穿上你的厚外套。 It’s 　freezing cold　 outside，so you’d better wear your thick coat. 4.shock n.吃惊，震惊；休克 v.（使）震惊；震动→shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 教材原句　When I recovered from the shock， I looked at my camera. 当我从震惊中回过神来，我查看了相机。 【用法】 （1）a （great） shock to sb　　对某人来说是一个（极大的）震惊 in shock　　震惊；吃惊 come as a shock　　吃惊 suffer from shock　　休克 （2）be shocked at/by　　对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth　　做某事很吃惊 【佳句】　Hearing her daughter’s screams， Kelly ran into Anne’s room and was shocked by the scene. 听到女儿的尖叫声，凯莉跑进安妮的房间，被眼前的情景惊呆了。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He stood there 　in　 shock， unsure what to do next. ②Jane was shocked 　to find　 （find） that she was lost in the forest and she couldn’t help crying. ③It was really 　a　 shock that the match we had been looking forward to was postponed due to the terrible weather. 【写美】　句式升级 ④Grady felt shocked and dumb， and was rooted onto the ground for seconds， and then dashed to their camp desperately， shouting for help in the meantime. →　Shocked and dumb　， Grady was rooted onto the ground for seconds， and then dashed to their camp desperately， shouting for help in the meantime.（形容词短语作状语） 阅读词汇清障 Ⅰ.一词多义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 freeze A.v.结冰　　　　　　 B.v.冷冻 C.v.突然停止　 D.v.呆住 ①My mom froze the leftover dumplings to eat next week. 　　B　 ②The river freezes every winter， and we can walk on it safely. 　　A　 ③The little boy froze when he saw a big dog running toward him. 　　D　 ④His laughter froze when the teacher looked at him. 　　C　 Ⅱ.熟词生义 根据语境写出加蓝词的词性和含义 1.Birds concentrate by the lake to catch fish in autumn. 　v.聚集　 2.The fireworks show last night was absolutely breathtaking. 　adj.令人惊叹的；震撼的　 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：强调句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分 教材原句　It is after all we who are the visitors to their world.毕竟，我们才是它们世界的访客。 【用法】 （1）强调句的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。强调句需要注意以下几点： ①该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调； ②强调句中的it 本身没有词义，但不能用其他词代替； ③被强调部分指人时用that/who均可，其他情况一律用that。 （2）强调句的结构还有以下几种变式： ①强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？ ②强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分？ ③not until的强调句：It is/was not until ...＋that＋其他成分。 【佳句】　Only then did I realize that it was bravery that can overcome whatever difficulty came in the way. （主旨升华） 直到那时我才意识到，只有勇敢才能克服一切困难。 【点津】　一般来说，如果把句子中的it is/was和that/who去掉，有时语序稍加调整，能还原为完整的句子且句意依然完整，则为强调句。 【写美】　微写作/句式升级 ①（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）正是冈特的信任和慷慨帮助我摆脱了困境，并且成功参加了这次会议。 　It was Gunter’s trust and generosity that　 helped me get out of the difficult situation and make it to the conference. ②（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）就在那一刻，一股暖流涌进了我的身体，马的形象浮现在我的脑海中，鼓励我继续写作。 　It was at that moment that　 a warm surge of streams washed through my body， and the image of the horse emerged in my mind， encouraging me to continue writing. ③It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists. →　Is it at the hotel that　 the coach picks up tourists？（改为一般疑问句） →　Where is it that　 the coach picks up tourists？（改为特殊疑问句） ④I didn’t realize that she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. →　It was not until she took off her dark glasses that　 I realized that she was a famous film star.（改为强调句） 维度一：品句填词 1.We 　encountered　 （遭遇） a number of difficulties while protecting the endangered animals，but never gave up. 2.Many young people see the popular actor as a positive role 　image　 （形象） to follow. 3.From her book， we can learn that honesty is an important 　element　 （要素） of her success. 4.Please save these study notes in a new folder in your computer 　files　（文件） for the final exam. 5.Honey is not only a good 　source　 （来源） of natural sugar， but it is also used for medicine. 6.It will take her a few weeks to 　recover　 （恢复） from the knee injury and go back to PE class. 7.It came as a 　shock　 （震惊） to the class when our teacher said we’d have a test that afternoon. 8.He lay on the ground， staring　 into the sky as if he were thinking about something. 9.Generally speaking， the path　 to success is not always smooth. 10.Press the button　 and the machine will apply butter to the bread automatically. 维度二：词形转换 1.Although the store offers a wide 　variety　 （vary） of products，I couldn’t find exactly what I was looking for. 2.This book requires a great deal of 　concentration　 （concentrate）. 3.He is deeply 　shocked　 （shock） by the news that more and more animals are dying out. 4.The spokesman says the new plans are in 　reaction　 （react） to the recent changes of the international market. 5.When she was young， she dreamed of being a 　photographer　 （photograph）. 6.The doctor takes care of him so he is well on his way to 　recovery　 （recover）. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.You must have been driving 　at　 a speed of seventy miles an hour. 2.Join us to taste 　a　 variety of fresh local food and drinks. 3.She had a close encounter 　with　 a cute deer while walking in the countryside. 4.　It is because of our joint efforts that　 （正是由于我们的共同努力） advances in wildlife protection have been made. 5.Don’t be angry with him.　After all　 （毕竟）， it’s his first time to make such a mistake. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2026·黑龙江牡丹江名校高一上期末）In the late afternoon， a drone （无人机） lifted gently into the sky.On its screen， elephants moved into sight， while a train could be seen far away traveling along the China-Laos Railway.It was another work day to watch the large species for Peng Jinfu， a wild elephant monitor （监督员） in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture. 　　Wild Asian elephants are a flagship species in China’s rainforests.They receive top-level national monitoring and protection and are recognized as “endangered” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.Thanks to strengthened protection efforts， their population in Yunnan — their primary living areas in China — has grown from 140 in 1976 to over 300 today. 　　Elephant monitors play a key role in improving the relationship between humans and wildlife.“They track elephant movements， not only warning villagers of likely danger areas but also providing valuable information for scientific research，” explained Zhou Chenhao， director of the Xishuangbanna Asian Elephant Protection and Management Center. 　　Peng spends his days tracking elephant activities， mapping safe travel areas for people， and creating warning videos shared on the Internet.“I used to track them on foot， but thick forests often prevented me from seeing elephants，” he recalled.“Now， drones allow me to watch many groups at the same time.” 　　Xishuangbanna has put many smart monitoring tools into use.Thanks to them， since 2022， over 35，000 warnings have been sent across the area， preventing more than 700 possible human-elephant conflicts.These technologies help scientific research too.X-ray cameras help us to study elephants’ movement areas and behavior， while drones provide information on moving paths.Protection efforts have developed from saving single animals to protecting the whole ecosystems， with cross-country protected areas between China and Laos enlarging habitat spaces. 　　As researcher Chen Fei noted， “We’ve turned from saving elephants to protecting more species in the future.” This mixture of technology and environmental wisdom is creating a new stage of co-living between humans and wildlife. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人机等科技手段如何助力亚洲象的保护工作，以及对人类与野生动物共存关系的积极影响。 1.What does the underlined part “a flagship species” in paragraph 2 probably refer to？（　　） A.A species of the largest size. B.A species only found in China. C.A species most monitored and protected. D.A species used for scientific experiments. 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句及其下句可知，野生亚洲象受到国家最高级别的监测和保护。由此推断，画线部分指“受到最高级别监测和保护的物种”。 2.What is a role of elephant monitors？（　　） A.Designing smart monitoring tools. B.Telling people the possible danger. C.Training elephants for performances. D.Carrying out scientific research alone. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，大象监测员的一个职责是告知人们可能的危险。 3.What can be inferred about the future of wildlife protection？（　　） A.Drones will be the only tool used. B.Human-elephant conflicts will increase. C.Protection efforts will focus on more species. D.Traditional methods will remain the most effective. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Chen Fei所说可推知，未来的野生动物保护工作将更加关注更多物种的保护。 4.What is the text mainly about？（　　） A.How humans relate to animals. B.The daily work of elephant monitors. C.The history of elephant protection in China. D.How technologies help protect Asian elephants. 解析：D　主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了科技手段，如无人机和智能监测工具，在保护亚洲象方面的应用和作用。 B 　　（2026·吉林高一上期末调研）Most pups love to play.For humans， playing with a dog usually lifts our spirits； indeed， dog owners laugh more than cat owners.So it’s no surprise that a new study shows that a dog’s willingness to play with us likely has been important to us throughout dog domestication （驯化） . 　　Nearly all young mammals play typically with others of the same species.But dogs have a unique ability to inspire play in other species， from humans to turtles to chickens interactions well documented on YouTube. 　　To dig deeper into the roots of playful pups， Niclas Kolm of Stockholm University and colleagues investigated how human-directed play behavior evolved （演化） in 132 modern American Kennel Club breeds （品种）.These breeds are grouped by their various functions， such as herding （放牧）， hunting， guarding， and sporting.The researchers input genetic data from the breeds into an evolutionary computer model that predicted which breed had playful traits （特性）. 　　The team then used data （1997－2013） collected by the Swedish Kennel Club which analyzed the personalities and play behavior of over 89， 000 dogs from these 132 breeds.The researchers measured a dog’s willingness to play tug-of-war （拔河比赛） with an unknown person： dogs that readily and actively participated were grouped as highly playful. 　　While the results showed herding and sporting breeds were most likely to play， toy breeds were least likely.Kolm was more surprised that terrier breeds， originally bred to be fighting dogs， are very playful， perhaps because they’re bred to follow human instruction， including play. 　　Interestingly， the basenji， the African hunting dog， was also playful， though not at a high level.The basenji became a domesticated breed at least in the 18th century.“The breed’s ancient history and its playfulness strengthens the study’s finding that people have long bred dogs partly for fun，” the study authors say. 　　Marc Bekoff， a professor at the University of Colorado， says the Swedish team is likely correct in suggesting that playing with humans was important in the early domestication of dogs. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于犬类与人类玩耍行为的研究，揭示了玩耍特性对犬类驯化的作用。 5.What is special about dogs compared to other mammals？（　　） A.They only play with their own species. B.They can get other species to play. C.Their play behavior is hard to be seen. D.They prefer playing with turtles and chickens. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，相较于其他哺乳动物，狗的特别之处在于能让其他物种和自己玩耍。 6.What was the key method used to measure a dog’s playful traits in the study？（　　） A.Analyzing genetic data from various species. B.Observing dogs play with other animals. C.Testing dogs’ willingness to play tug-of-war. D.Surveying dog owners about their pets’ behavior. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，研究中衡量犬类玩耍特质的核心方法是测试它们参与拔河游戏的意愿。 7.Why does the author mention the example of the basenji？（　　） A.To highlight it as the most playful ancient breed. B.To show that ancient dogs were also bred for fun. C.To compare its hunting skills with modern breeds. D.To explain why some breeds lost their playfulness. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，作者提及巴辛吉犬这个例子，是为了证明古代人类繁育犬类也有“娱乐”这一目的。 8.What do the findings of the new research show？（　　） A.All dogs enjoy playing with humans. B.Humans chose what to domesticate carefully. C.Playfulness contributed to dog domestication. D.Early domesticated dogs seldom played with humans. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句以及最后一段教授对研究结论的肯定可推知，这项新研究的核心发现是玩耍欲推动了犬类的驯化进程。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 （2026·广东深圳宝安中学高一上月考） How to calm down an aggressive cat 　　Dealing with an aggressive cat can be challenging， but understanding why it acts that way is the first step.Cats usually become aggressive because they are scared or weren’t properly socialized as kittens.9.　　 Here are some ways to help calm them down and keep everyone safe. 　　If a cat is showing signs of aggression， the best thing to do is give it its own space.10.　　 Staying out of its reach protects you and calms the cat， helping the cat feel less threatened and more in control. 　　Never try to punish a cat physically.Coming down hard on it can make the situation worse， even if it bites or scratches （抓）.11.　　 Instead， try to distract it with a toy or a soft sound to shift its focus. 　　If your cat is fighting with another animal， don’t get between them.You could get hurt.12.　　 For example， you can open a door to give one of them a way to escape. 　　After an aggressive moment， let the cat calm down on its own.Don’t try to pet or hold it right away.13.　　 This helps rebuild trust over time. 　　If you’re still having trouble， it’s a good idea to ask for help from a vet or a cat behavior expert.They can help you understand your cat’s behavior and find ways to make it feel safer. A.Wait until it comes to you for attention. B.Talk to it in a soft voice to help it relax. C.Make sure it has its own quiet room to hide. D.Move away slowly and avoid direct eye contact. E.Understanding this can help you respond properly. F.You should create a way for the animals to separate safely. G.Hitting or yelling will only increase its aggressive behavior. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了怎样能让有攻击性的猫平静下来。 9.E　上句解释了猫有攻击性的原因。E 项（了解这一点可以帮助你做出适当的反应）承接上文，说明了解猫有攻击性的原因对后续应对有好处。 10.D　根据设空上下句可知，空处需具体说明如何 “给猫咪空间”。D 项（慢慢走开，避免直接眼神接触）是 “给空间” 的具体行为。 11.G　本段强调不能体罚猫咪，空处需要进一步说明体罚的危害。G 项（打骂只会加剧它的攻击性行为）承接上文，具体解释了体罚带来的负面后果，且与下句形成对比。 12.F　根据上文和空后的举例可知，空处应指出猫咪和其他动物打斗时的禁忌做法，并提出正确的应对方法。F 项（你应该想办法让这些动物安全分开）提出了核心对策，下文的例子是对该对策的具体说明。 13.A　上文强调要给猫咪自行平复的时间，空处需要说明后续正确的做法。A 项（等到它主动来找你求关注的时候再行动）承接上文的 “不急于接触”，且与下句相呼应。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 　　（2026·宁夏育才中学高一上月考）为响应学校“世界动物日（World Animal Day）”活动，你校举办了“保护动物”主题演讲比赛。假定你是李华，请你写一篇英文演讲稿，内容包括： 　　（1）动物面临的威胁（如栖息地减少、非法捕猎）； 　　（2）保护动物的具体做法； 　　（3）发出呼吁。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 Dear teachers and classmates， 　　Hello， everyone.I’m Li Hua.I am honored to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Thanks for your listening！ 参考范文： Dear teachers and classmates 　　Hello， everyone.I’m Li Hua.I am honored to speak on the topic of animal protection on the World Animal Day. 　　As we all know， many animals are facing serious threats， such as habitat loss and illegal hunting， which have caused numerous species to face extinction.With the aim of protecting them， not only do we reduce the use of plastics to keep their homes clean， but also refuse to buy wildlife products and support nature reserves.What is most significant is that we should call on people to raise their awareness of animal protection. 　　Let’s take action now！ Together， we can build a kinder and safer world for all living beings. 　　Thanks for your listening！ 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $