Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word教参）-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语定语从句核心知识点，从概念入手明确先行词与关系词（who, whose, that, whom, which），通过实例分析关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语的功能，再辨析that与which的特殊用法，构建“概念引入—实例感悟—规律归纳—应用练习”的学习支架。 该资料特色在于采用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观，结合友谊主题短文和真实听力对话（如Matt与朋友的故事）培养语言能力，通过“先感悟—会发现—善归纳—运用练”环节提升思维品质，词汇讲解的“用法—练透—写美”设计助力学习能力。课中辅助语法与听力融合教学，课后综合练习（语篇填空、阅读等）帮助学生查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　Using language Part Ⅰ　Grammar 定语从句（1） 　　A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out①.A real friend is someone whose support we can count on②.A real friend is someone who sees our true self③， not just the face that we show to the world④.Yet these days， the modern tools that keep us connected⑤ are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online， but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love⑥.Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us⑦.“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection which we share⑧.To make friends a real part of our lives， we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person. 1.上面短文中加蓝的部分均为定语从句，修饰前面的名词或代词，被修饰的词叫先行词。 2.引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词，上面短文中的关系词有：who， whose， that， whom， which，这些词在从句中都充当成分，可以作主语，如：①③⑤⑦；可以作宾语，如：④⑥⑧；可以作定语，如：②。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观 一、定语从句的相关概念 复合句中对名词、代词、名词短语或句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等被称为先行词。 1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 （1）限制性定语从句：所修饰的词表示一个特定的人或东西。如果去掉它，被修饰的词就失去意义，句子就不能成立或不完整。 （2）非限制性定语从句：由一个逗号将从句与先行词隔开，对所修饰的词作进一步的说明。如果去掉它，句子的意思仍然完整。 2.定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that， which， who， whom， whose， as；关系副词有when， where， why。关系词通常有下列作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests， such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument. ②（教材典句）What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered？ ③I know the person whose name is the same as mine. ④They are the heroes whom we should show respect for. ⑤This is the kind of value which matters most to us. ⑥We should cherish the connection which we share. 【会发现】 （1）句①④的先行词指　人　，关系代词在从句中分别作　主语　、　宾语　。 （2）句②⑤⑥的先行词指　物　，关系代词在句②⑤中作　主语　，在句⑥中作　宾语　。 （3）句③的先行词指　人　，关系代词在从句中作　定语　。 【善归纳】 关系代词 先行词 从句中句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略）、表语 whom 人 宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略） whose （＝of whom/of which） 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略） which 物 主语、宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略） as 人或物 主语、宾语 【运用练】 （1）用适当的关系词填空 ①I got in touch with Michael 　whom/that/who　 I have been losing contact with for one year. ②（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings， Beijing is also a place 　that/which　 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life， with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. ③Mathew said success belongs to those 　who　 never give up and have ideas. ④His father works in a company 　whose　 name always appears in the local newspapers. （2）把下列句子合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句 ⑤I have a friend.He likes listening to classical music. →　I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.　 ⑥Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress.I gave it to her. →　Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that/which I gave to her.　 ⑦The student’s article was published.I know the student. →　I know the student whose article was published.　 三、关系代词that与which的用法 【先感悟】 ①Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said？ ②All that can be done has been done. ③There is little that I can do for you. ④The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. ⑤This is the best film that I have ever seen. ⑥After the fire in his house， the old car is the only thing that he owns. ⑦Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. ⑧Who is the man that is standing by the gate？ ⑨This is the town in which he was born. ⑩Tom came back， which made us very happy. ⑪ Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened. 【会发现】 （1）句①②③中的先行词为　不定代词　，只能用that引导定语从句。 （2）句④⑤中的先行词分别被　序数词和形容词最高级　修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。 （3）句⑥中的先行词被　the only　修饰，只能用that引导定语从句。 （4）句⑦的先行词既有　人　又有　物　，只能用that引导定语从句。 （5）句⑧中的先行词前有疑问词　who　，只能用that引导定语从句。 （6）句⑨中的关系代词在定语从句中作介词的　宾语　，且介词位于关系代词前时，只能用which引导。 （7）句⑩中的关系代词引导　非限制性　定语从句，只能用which引导。 （8）句⑪中有两个定语从句，前一个从句用了that引导，后一个定语从句只能用　which　引导。 【善归纳】 1.限制性定语从句中只用that的情况 （1）先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？ 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ （2）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级， the only， the very， the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 （3）先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都很钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 （4）在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句时，关系代词只用that。 Which is the bike that you lost？ 你丢的是哪辆自行车？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal？ 赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？ （5）有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。 They built up a small factory which produced things that are of good quality. 他们建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产的东西质量很好。 （6）当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在定语从句中，也作表语时，只用that引导。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 （7）主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，只用that引导。 There is a seat in the corner that is still available. 在那个角落还有一个座位可坐。 2.只用which的情况 （1）引导非限制性定语从句时，只用which。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others， which， of course， made the others envy him. 海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的孩子好得多，这当然让其他的孩子嫉妒他。 （2）关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只用which。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。 （3）先行词为that， those时，只用which。 What’s that which was put in the car？ 放在车子里的那个东西是什么？ 【运用练】　用适当的关系词填空 ①The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 　that　 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. ②（2025·八省联考）The streets in 　which　 people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks， 　which　 allow people to meet， talk， and get to know one another. ③Friends usually get together and talk about the things and persons 　that　 they are interested in. ④Those days in 　which　 you could travel without a passport have gone. ⑤This is the book that you bought 　which　 you have lost. ⑥When it comes to Jinan， the first 　that　 comes to mind is the spring water. ⑦Green tea is rich in anti-oxidant 　which　 gets your blood moving and that improves your energy level. ⑧He is the only one of the students 　who/that　 knows the truth. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The International Committee of the Red Cross is an organization 　whose　 purpose is to help the sick and needy. 2.I was amazed at the number of people 　who/that　 visited the Forbidden City last Saturday. 3.This is the most beautiful park 　that　 I have visited.4.I won’t forget the day 　that/which　 I spent with you on the farm. 5.He often helps the students 　who/that　 he thinks are not quick at their study. 6.He gave me a book， 　which　 turned out to be useful for my English study. 7.There are over a billion people 　who/that　 speak and read Chinese. 8.The teacher is good because she always tries her best to be the one 　whose　 classes are more active and lively with some stories and examples. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的人和地方。 She described in her composition the people and places 　that impressed her most　. 2.他们正在等的那位老人是李教授。 The old man 　（whom/who/that） they are waiting for　 is Professor Li. 3.我们所有能做的就是给你提供一些建议。 All 　that we can do　 is to give you some advice. 4.这是我们去年修建的那个花园。 This is the garden 　（which/that） we built last year　. 5.我们应该帮助那些生活条件得不到充分保障的孩子们。 We should help the children 　whose life conditions are not guaranteed enough　. 6.那座古庙的屋顶在暴风雨中受损，现在正在修复中。 The old temple 　whose roof was damaged in storm　， is now under repair. 7.这是唯一一本我已经读了两遍的书。 This is the only book 　that I have read twice　. 8.这是我曾经听过的最令人震惊的消息。 This is the most shocking news 　（that） I have ever heard　. Part Ⅱ　Listening and speaking 一、听力清障 1.What a shame！　　　真可惜！ 2.cheer sb up　　使某人振作起来 二、教材听力二次开发 （一）听力测试 Listen to the conversation in the textbook and choose the best answers. 1.What do we know about Matt？（　　） A.He got a broken leg. B.He is not looking forward to the trip. C.He is not willing to travel with the speakers. 2.Why does Andy turn down the idea of sending postcards to Matt？（　　） A.They can’t get the suitable one. B.Postcards take too much time to arrive. C.Postcards are not funny enough. 3.What is “Flat Matt”？（　　） A.A small toy of Matt. B.A real Matt who can walk with them. C.A life-sized cardboard cutout with Matt’s photo printed on it. 4.What can be inferred from the conversation？（　　） A.Andy and Clara have never traveled before. B.Andy and Clara care a lot about Matt’s feelings. C.Matt is a very independent person who doesn’t like others’ help. 答案：1－4　ABCB （二）听力填空 Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks. Andy：Hello！ Clara：Hi， Andy！ This is Clara.Matt just called me.He said he broke his leg and couldn’t 1.　make our trip to London　 this week. Andy：What a shame！ He’s been looking forward to it for ages.Why don’t we wait until he’s better？ Clara：He said we should go without him.It will take 2.　quite a while　 for him to get well again.He doesn’t want us to give up our holiday because of him. Andy：But Matt is our friend.He needs our 3.　comfort and support.Let’s think about ways to cheer him up！ Clara：You’re right！ We could send him photos of the places we visit. Andy：We could， but that might make him feel even worse.I want to 4.　make him laugh　. Clara：How about sending him funny postcards from every place we visit？ Andy：Maybe， but postcards can take days to arrive.How about 5.　having a video chat　 with him wherever we go？ That way he can see everything， too. Clara：That’s a good idea.But you aren’t allowed to take videos in some places.OK， I’ve got it — why don’t we take Matt with us？ Andy：What about 6.　his broken leg　？ Clara：Not the real Matt.Let’s make a “Flat Matt”！ Andy：What？！ Clara：We can 7.　print Matt’s photo　 on a life-sized cardboard cutout.We’ll then take it with us and whenever we take photos in London ... Andy：[interrupts] Matt will be in the photos， too， as if he were there with us. Clara：That’s right！ “Flat Matt” will go to London with us， and the real Matt will 8.　laugh at　 the photos. Andy：OK， Clara.Let’s do it！ 1.inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的→inspire v.激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的→inspiration n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物） 教材原句　Her ideas are always inspiring.她的想法总是鼓舞人心的。 【用法】 inspire sb to do sth　激励某人做某事 inspire sb with sth＝inspire sth in sb　　使某人产生（感觉或情感） 【佳句】　She was a very strong， impressive character and one of the most inspiring people I’ve ever met.（人物介绍） 她性格坚强，令人钦佩，是我见过的最能鼓舞人心的人物之一。 【点津】　inspired为过去分词，具有形容词词性，意为“深受鼓舞的”，常用来修饰人； inspiring为动词-ing形式，也具有形容词词性，意为“令人鼓舞的，鼓舞人心的”，多用于修饰事物。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①These small studies provide 　inspiration　 （inspire） and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ②He， considered as an 　inspiring　 （inspire） speaker， is more and more popular among teenagers. ③To inspire the teenagers 　to protect　 （protect） the environment， our school will launch a campaign called “Green Action”， which aims to encourage them to take positive actions to achieve sustainable development. 【写美】　句式升级 ④Because he was inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute （致敬） to the ancient Silk Road. →　Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing　，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road.（分词短语作状语） 2.patience n.耐心→patient adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的 n.病人→patiently adv.耐心地 教材原句　...one glass of comfort， two drops of patience， one bag of passion ... ……一杯安慰，两滴耐心，一袋激情…… 【用法】 （1）with patience （＝patiently）　耐心地 lose one’s patience　　失去耐心 lose patience with　　对……失去耐心 have the patience to do sth　　有耐心做某事 （2）be patient with sb　　对某人有耐心 be patient to do sth　　耐心做某事 be patient of sth　　忍受某事 【佳句】　Whenever I make mistakes， the teacher always points them out to me with patience/patiently.（人物介绍） 每当我犯错误时，老师总是耐心地给我指出来。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Bob is a little slow in understanding， so we have to be patient 　with　 him. ②She listened to me with great 　patience　 （patient） and patted me on the back gently. ③Realizing my negative mood，my head teacher talked with me 　patiently　 （patient） about it. 【写美】　完成句子 ④我确信，每当我对未来失去耐心时，我都会想起祖父的话。 I knew for sure that every time I 　lost my patience　 in the future，I would remember my grandfather’s words. 3.anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiety n.担心；焦虑；渴望→anxiously adv.焦急地；焦虑地 教材原句　the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry 一种在没有焦虑或生气的情况下等待的能力 【用法】 （1）be anxious about　　　　　为……担心/担忧 be anxious for　　渴望…… be anxious to do sth　　渴望做某事 （2）with anxiety （＝anxiously）　　焦虑地 【佳句】　The fruit-picking activity held last weekend was so wonderful that I’m anxious to share every pleasant moment with you.（活动介绍） 上周末举办的水果采摘活动是如此精彩以至于我渴望和你分享每一个快乐瞬间。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Anxious 　to know　 （know） what was in the bag， he opened it before me. ②He was waiting for the results with 　anxiety　 （anxious） as if sitting on pins and needles. 【写美】　 句式升级 ③I’m so anxious about the coming exam that I can hardly fall asleep at night. →　Anxious about the coming exam　， I can hardly fall asleep at night.（形容词短语作状语） 4.distance v.使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系n.距离，间距→distant adj.遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的 教材原句　...or use a past tense to distance yourself from the suggestion ... ……或者用一个过去时态撇清你与这个建议的关系…… 【用法】 distance oneself from　使自己远离……；使自己与……保持距离 in the distance　　在远处 at/from a distance　　从远处；隔一段距离 at a distance of ...　　在……远处 within walking distance　　步行就能到；在步行范围内 keep sb at a distance　　同某人疏远；对某人冷淡；与某人保持一定距离 【佳句】　With an absolute darkness ruling the forest， Jane， exhausted and scared， lay down near a stone， missing her family at a distance.（心理描写） 黑暗笼罩着森林，简筋疲力尽又害怕，躺在一块石头旁，想念远方的家人。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Glowing plants could reduce this 　distance　 （distant） and therefore help save energy. ②In the dark of the night， the lights of the small town are like the 　distant　 （distance） fireflies. ③You’d better distance yourself 　from　 the fierce animals when visiting the zoo. ④Learning that other students always keep you 　at a distance，I am writing to offer you some suggestions. 【写美】　完成句子 ⑤当我听到远处摩托艇的声音渐渐消失时，我感到心碎，泪水夺眶而出。 （情感描写） When I heard the sound of the motorboat fade away 　in the distance　， I felt heartbroken， tears welling up in my eyes. 维度一：基础题型练 单句语法填空 1.No matter how beautiful the product looks， if it’s 　of　 poor quality， it won’t sell well. 2.Teaching young children is not easy but challenging， which needs great 　patience　 （patient） and skill. 3.Genius is one per cent 　inspiration　 （inspire） and ninety-nine per cent perspiration. 4.We had arranged to meet at the railway station， but to our 　anxiety　 （anxious）， she didn’t turn up. 5.The rain poured 　down　， so he abandoned the idea of jogging outside. 6.One of the qualifications you need to work here is a sense 　of　 humour！ 7.They had purposely postponed 　going　 （go） to London till the autumn. 8.She prefers to distance herself 　from　 the people who are working for her. 维度二：语法与写作 完成句子 1.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 The coat 　（that/which） I put on the desk　 is blue. 2.那位正在和我爷爷下棋的老人是他的一个老朋友。 The old man 　（who/that/whom） my grandpa is playing chess with　 is an old friend of his. 3.所有早年发生的事情都会影响孩子们的余生。 All 　that happened during those early years　 can influence children for the rest of their lives. 4.读书是她唯一最感兴趣的事。 Reading was the only thing 　that interested her most　. 5.那个人选择住在一间窗户朝海的房间里。 The man chose to live in a room 　whose window faces the sea　. 6.他是我知道的最细心的男孩。 He is the most careful boy 　that I have ever known　. 7.作为一名学生，每天早晨你应当做的第一件事就是制订适当的计划。 As a student， the first thing 　that you should do every morning　 is to make a proper plan. 8.在高中，你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。 In senior high school you’ll study more courses 　which/that are different from　 your junior high school courses. 9.不要预订一大堆你买不起的东西。 Don’t book a load of things 　（which/that） you can’t afford　. 10.这正是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。 This is the very hotel 　（that） I stayed at　 when I was travelling here. 维度三：语法与语篇 用定语从句完成下面短文 　　Friendship is a thing 1.　that/which brings happiness　（带来幸福的） to people.Friendship is one of the most important things 2.　that people should have　 （人们应该拥有的）.People should make friends with those 3.　whose attitude is positive　（态度积极的），because friends have a great impact on people.Honestly speaking，a real friend is the one 4.　who helps you　 （帮助你的） when you are in trouble.They are those 5.　who share happiness and sorrow　 （分享快乐和悲伤的） with you.They are brave to point out the mistakes 6.　that/which can affect your future　 （能影响你未来的）.A friend in need is a friend indeed.Everyone should have real friends and strive （努力） to be a real friend of others. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2026·广东东莞三校高一上期中）Mark and Bert are good friends for most of their lives.A few years ago， when Mark was nine， he developed a serious disease.The disease took away the boy’s eyesight， part of his hearing and his ability to play his favorite sport.However， throughout the years， Bert remained his closest friend.They shared their love of Australian football and enjoyed talking about the Sydney Swans， their favorite team. 　　Two weeks ago， I took my seat at Sydney Cricket Ground to watch the Swans.The old stadium （体育场） was full of fans.Shortly into the second quarter， I heard someone describing the match.It was Bert who was bringing the match to life.I turned and saw him.Mark was sitting next to him. 　　Although he could not see anymore， Mark still loved the Swans very much.Usually， he went to the stadium and listened to the match on the radio.However， in the second quarter of that match， the radio broke down.That was when his friend Bert came in. 　　I hardly paid attention to the Swans and Buddy， the team’s star player.Instead， I was listening to Bert and Mark.“What’s happening now？” Mark asked.“Don’t worry， Mark，”Bert said.“Okay.Buddy’s got it.Will he go for it？ He’s going for it！ It’s his tenth goal！ Buddy is on fire！” Mark listened carefully.He was lost in the magic of Australian football brought to life by his friend.And I was really moved by this heart-warming moment. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mark和Bert的友谊。Mark因疾病失去视力和部分听力，但Bert常伴左右。在某次比赛中，Bert为Mark解说比赛，体现了两人珍贵的友谊。 1.What did Mark and Bert have in common？（　　） A.They were fans of Buddy. B.They were at the same age. C.They loved Australian football. D.They had the same serious disease. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Mark和Bert都热爱澳大利亚足球。 2.When did Bert come to help？（　　） A.When the match began. B.When the radio broke down. C.When Buddy got the tenth goal. D.When the second quarter was over. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，Bert是在广播失灵时帮助Mark的。 3.What did Bert mean by saying “Buddy is on fire”？（　　） A.Buddy was angry. B.Buddy was in danger. C.Buddy was running so fast. D.Buddy was playing quite well. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...Buddy’s got ...is on fire！”可知，Bert说的“Buddy is on fire”意思是Buddy发挥得很好。 4.What is Bert like according to the text？（　　） A.Kind and helpful. B.Brave and honest. C.Quiet and friendly. D.Serious and polite. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的Bert remained his closest friend.和第三段中的However， ... Bert came in.可知，Bert一直陪伴在生病的Mark身边，在Mark的收音机坏了的时候，Bert帮助Mark描述比赛情况，由此可推测，Bert是善良且乐于助人的人。 B 　　（2026·广州三校高一期中）Growing up with movies such as High School Musical and Grease， which presented the ideal high school friendships， we sometimes expect a perfect relationship.Indeed， some high school friendships can be real and simple； while still some high school students will meet a friend who causes trouble.With failed friendships come lessons and experiences learned for the future.You will know the influence after you leave high school. 　　“I was always worried about what my friends thought about me.Sometimes my friends would make fun of what I wore or what I would do.I always tried to get along well with them， but I realized how happy I was once I stopped contacting them after high school，” said Elisha， Class of 2020. 　　Most teens have not realized the big question when dealing with high school problems.In five years， will this still matter？ It is hard looking at the big picture when the problems are in front of you， which is understandable.However， most teens need a moment to reflect and question if the problem matters in a long time. 　　Briana， a high school teacher， said， “Now， I am in contact with two high school friends.I think the friendship experiences I had in high school shaped who I am because I learned to be open-minded and befriend all kinds of people.I learned to see people for who they are， not what they wear or who they play with.I learned most of all how to be a good friend.” 　　High school is a small part of your life， but it has a huge influence on who you will become and where you will go.Friendships and relationships help shape who you are， whether they are good or bad.Lessons are brought， and lessons are learned. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以电影中的理想高中友谊引入，通过实例说明高中友谊有好有坏，无论优劣都能带来成长，对青少年的人生塑造影响深远。 5.Why did the author use the two movies in the first paragraph？（　　） A.To introduce the topic of the passage.　　 B.To explain what a high school friendship is. C.To recommend these two movies to readers.　　 D.To show the diversity of high school friendship. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的Growing up with movies ...who causes trouble.可知，作者提及两部电影是为了引出高中友谊这一主题。 6.What did Elisha think of her “friends”？（　　） A.They made her feel blue. B.They cared about her behavior. C.They got along well with her. D.They were always worried about her. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的Sometimes my friends ...after high school 可知，这些“朋友”的行为让她不开心，即感到沮丧。 7.Why did Briana think her friendship experiences shape her？（　　） A.She learned to play with her friends. B.She learned to make different friends. C.She learned to shape her friends’ minds. D.She learned to wear just like her friends. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的I think the friendship ...all kinds of people.可知，布里亚娜认为友谊经历塑造自己是因为她学会了结交不同的朋友。 8.What’s the passage mainly about？（　　） A.Failed friendships make teens worried. B.Good friendships greatly influence teens. C.High school friendships help to shape teens. D.Friendships are difficult for teens to deal with. 解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文特别是根据最后一段前两句可知，本文通过几个事例论证了高中时代的友谊，无论好坏，能够帮助塑造青少年。所以文章核心是高中友谊有助于塑造青少年。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2026·湖南湘一名校高一上期中）Last month， one of my best friends， Ethan， wanted to copy my paper during the science test.However， I did not 　9　 him to do that.Many nights， I’ve 　10　 what might have happened if I’d let him copy my paper.We were good friends up until that day.But now， we even didn’t 　11　 each other.I’ve wished so many times that I’d made a 　12　 choice： let him copy my work.Maybe then this wouldn’t feel like a wrinkle （褶皱） in my life. 　　　13　， I talked about it with my parents.They shared the same 　14　 on this point.To my surprise， this afternoon， I 　15　 Ethan in the hallway.He stood there， waiting for me with a（n） 　16　 expression， different from our last argument.He 　17　， “You’re right and I am in the wrong.I’m 　18　 for putting you in that difficult position.I 　19　 we could be friends like ever before.” His honest words immediately ended the 　20　 between us. 　　There is always a（n） 　21　 of working out troubles in the end.Wrinkles can be ironed （熨平）.It is 　22　 for us to see clearly what will happen in the future， and the best thing that we can do is make the right 　23　 for the moment. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”因拒绝好友Ethan考试抄试卷而产生矛盾，最终Ethan道歉、两人和好的故事。 9. A.expect　 B.force C.allow　 D.remind 解析：C　根据下文可知，“我”拒绝了他的请求。 10. A.promised　 B.wondered C.forgotten　 D.agreed 解析：B　根据下文可知，“我”在猜测不同选择的结果。 11. A.look at　 B.give up C.worry about　 D.hear from 解析：A　根据上文的转折可知，两人关系变差，甚至都不再互相看对方了。 12. A.responsible　 B.different C.quick　 D.necessary 解析：B　根据下文可知，“我”希望做另一种选择。 13. A.Usually　 B.Finally C.Clearly　 D.Unluckily 解析：B　根据上下文可知，“我”内心挣扎，最终选择和父母沟通。 14. A.opinion　 B.story C.hobby　 D.purpose 解析：A　根据上文shared the same可知，父母和“我”的想法一致。 15. A.ignored　 B.left C.visited　 D.met 解析：D　根据下文in the hallway可知，两人偶然碰面。 16. A.angry　 B.similar C.fearful　 D.awkward 解析：D　根据下文可知，Ethan此刻在道歉，神情是不自然的。 17. A.shouted　 B.joked C.added　 D.explained 解析：D　根据下文Ethan的话语“You’re right and I am in the wrong ...”可知，他在向“我”解释自己的想法。 18. A.ready　 B.cheerful C.regretful　 D.serious 解析：C　根据下文putting you in that difficult position可知，Ethan为自己的行为感到愧疚。 19. A.report　 B.wish C.mention　 D.remember 解析：B　根据下文we could be friends like ever before可知，这是Ethan的愿望。 20. A.conversation　 B.effort C.relationship　 D.tension 解析：D　根据上文We were good friends up until that day.可知，Ethan的道歉消除了紧张的气氛。 21. A.condition　 B.order C.method　 D.secret 解析：C　根据下文working out troubles可知，此处指解决问题的办法。 22. A.impossible　 B.meaningless C.common　 D.interesting 解析：A　根据下文可知，预知未来是做不到的。 23. A.target　 B.proposal C.decision　 D.connection 解析：C　根据上文坚守自己的决定，没有让好朋友抄袭可知，此处指做正确的决定。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2026·枣庄薛城区高一上期中）Friendship is one of life’s greatest gifts， and it’s valued in both Eastern and Western cultures.One of the most famous 24.　　　　　　 （saying） about friendship in China can be found in the words of Confucius： “Isn’t it a joy when friends visit from faraway places？” 　　In the UK， there is an 25.　　　　　　 （equal） famous poem about friendship.It reminds people 26.　　　　　　 （remember） and value old friendships， as they look to the years ahead.That poem is Auld Lang Syne.Auld Lang Syne is Scots and translates word for word as “old long since”， 27.　　　　　　 （mean） “days gone by”. 　　The poem was written 28.　　　　　　 the great Scottish poet Robert Burns.After listening to “an old man’s singing”， Burns 29.　　　　　　 （write） down the words and added a few lines of his own.The poem was printed in 1796， just after Burns’s 30.　　　　　　 （die）.It was given a new tune， and over the years became the song 31.　　　　　　 is so familiar to us today.So far， Auld Lang Syne 32.　　　　　　 （translate） into many different languages， and today， is one of the world’s best-loved songs.It’s played at parties， celebrations， festivals， and even at some shopping centers at closing time.Whatever language or occasion， it has become a symbol of friendship and shared experience — 33.　　　　　　 we can sing it or not. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《友谊地久天长》这首歌的起源以及在东西方的流行程度。 24.sayings　考查名词复数。此处为固定结构“one of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”。 25.equally　考查词形转换。修饰形容词famous应用副词作状语。 26.to remember　考查非谓语动词。remind sb to do sth 意为“提醒某人做某事”。 27.meaning　考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词，mean与逻辑主语Auld Lang Syne构成主动关系，故应用动词-ing形式作状语。 28.by　考查介词。此处表示被动关系，用介词by表动作的执行者，be written by sb意为“由某人所写”。 29.wrote　考查动词的时态。根据下文added可知为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式。 30.death　考查词形转换。设空处作介词的宾语且空前有名词所有格Burns’s，应用名词。 31.that/which　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词song，指物，且在从句中作主语。 32.has been translated　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Auld Lang Syne与谓语translate构成被动关系，结合上文So far可知，为现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数，助动词用has。 33.whether　考查固定句型。表示“是否”句型为whether ...or not。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $