Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Using language(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册(外研版)
Section Ⅱ Using language
Part Ⅰ Grammar
基本句子结构
Some people think that sport does us good in many ways.① Not only does sport help people to stay fit and healthy②, but the competition and teamwork in sport also give people a lot of motivation for pushing themselves hard③. Others believe that sport is not the only way to do this. Eating well is a big part of a healthy life.④ Meanwhile, sport can actually be dangerous.There are millions of people hurt each year in playing sport⑤, and some of them are hurt very seriously⑥.
①句为主谓宾结构;that引导的从句作动词think的宾语;
②句为主谓宾宾补结构;动词不定式短语作宾语补足语;
③句为主谓宾宾结构:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;
④句为主系表结构,动词-ing短语作主语;名词短语作表语;
⑤句为there be句型,真正的主语是millions of people;
⑥句为主谓状结构;副词短语作状语。
——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
一、句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。
【先感悟】
①English proves very important.
②To see is to believe.
③The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.
④They like you very much.
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⑤I found the old man in good health.
⑥The girls in red are running fast.
⑦He brought me a cup of tea.
⑧Collecting stamps is my hobby.
【会发现】
1.以上句子的主语分别为: English , To see , The suggestion , They , I , The girls , He , Collecting stamps 。综上,名词、动词不定式、代词、动词-ing短语可作主语。
2.以上句子的谓语分别为:proves, is, was adopted, like, found, are running, brought, is。常用作谓语动词的有: 实义动词和系动词 。
3.句④⑤⑦的宾语(object)分别为:you, the old man, me和a cup of tea。句⑦的直接宾语(direct object)为 a cup of tea ,间接宾语(indirect object)为 me 。综上,名词(短语)、代词可作宾语。
4.句①②⑧的表语(predicative) 分别为: important , to believe , my hobby 。综上,名词、动词不定式、形容词可作表语。
5.句⑤的宾语补足语(object complement)为: in good health 。
6.句⑤⑥⑦⑧的定语(attributive)分别为: old , in red , a cup of , my 。综上,代词、形容词、介词短语可作定语。
7.句①④⑥的状语(adverbial)分别为: very , very much , fast 。
【善归纳】
句子成分包括以下几类:
成分 | 意义 | 位置 | 可充当词 |
主语 S(subject) | 句子的主体,是谓语陈述、说明的对象,说明动作由“谁”发出 | 位于 句首 | 名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing(短语)、从句等 |
谓语 V(verb) | 谓语表示主语的行为或状态,谓语动词与主语在人称和数上须保持一致 | 主语 之后 | 实义动词(V)和系表结构(VP) |
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宾语 O(object) | 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 | 动词或 介词后 | 名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing(短语)或从句等 |
成分 | 意义 | 位置 | 可充当词 |
直接宾语 DO(direct object) | 表示动作的对象、承受者或后果,一般是物 | 动词后 | 名词、代词 |
间接宾语 IO(indirect object) | 表示动作是向某人或为某人做的,一般是人 | 动词后 | 名词、代词 |
表语P (predicative) | 用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等 | 系动 词后 | 名词、形容词、介词短语、分词(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、从句等 |
成分 | 意义 | 位置 | 可充当词 |
宾语补足语OC (object complement) | 补充说明宾语的动作或状态 | 宾语后 | 名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等 |
定语Attrib (attributive) | 修饰、限制名词或代词 | 被修饰 词的前面或后面 | 名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等 |
状语Ad (adverbial) | 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生;说明形容词或副词的程度 | 位置灵活 | 副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等 |
【运用练】
用S, V, O, P, Ad, DO, IO, OC标出句子成分
① Many students often get up early in the morning .
(S) (Ad) (V) (Ad)
② He took changes from his pocket to buy a newspaper .
(S) (V) (O) (Ad) (Ad)
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