Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 动词不定式(Word教参)-【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册(北师大版)
2026-09-10
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教辅
摘要:
本讲义聚焦高中英语动词不定式这一核心语法点,系统梳理其三种结构模式((to) do sth、疑问词+不定式、复合结构)、时态语态(一般式、进行式、完成式)及六大句法功能(主语、表语、宾语等),通过例句探究与即时演练搭建从基础认知到应用的学习支架。
该资料以“探究发现”引导学生分析例句自主总结用法,培养思维品质;结合高考真题设计多维度练习,提升语言能力;“名师点津”“图解助记”优化学习策略,课中辅助教师高效授课,课后助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。
内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 动词不定式
①It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media.
②It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.
③I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.
④My target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university.
⑤My aim is to do well in every subject this term.
⑥I often use the time to review English words.
⑦To achieve all I want, I must use my time well.
⑧Li Ying is the first person to join the volunteering club in her class.
⑨My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead.
【我的发现】
1.句①、②中动词不定式短语在句中作真正的主语,it作形式主语。
2.句③中动词不定式短语在句中作宾语。
3.句④、⑤中动词不定式短语在句中作表语。
4.句⑥、⑦中动词不定式短语在句中作状语。
5.句⑧中动词不定式短语在句中作定语。
6.句⑨中动词不定式短语在句中作宾语补足语。
动词不定式是英语中动词的非谓语动词形式之一,形式上由“to+动词原形”构成,其中to是动词不定式的符号。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式是在to前加not。动词不定式具有动词的部分特征,可以与其后面的名词等构成动词不定式短语。在句法功能上,动词不定式(短语)与名词、形容词或副词的作用类似,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等成分。
一、动词不定式的三种主要结构模式
1.带to或不带to:(to) do sth
(2024•1月浙江卷)So, next time you feel a bit tired, remember to stand up and stretch!
所以,下次当你感到有些疲劳时,记得站起来伸展一下!
I saw a stranger enter our community.
我看见一个陌生人进了我们社区。
He told me not to move until he finished the drawing.
他告诉我在他完成这幅画之前不要动。
2.疑问词+动词不定式:动词+who/which/what/how/when/...+to do sth
在特定动词后,动词不定式可以和疑问词连用。这一结构在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语等,常可转换成一个由该疑问词引导的从句。
When to start has not been decided yet.
什么时候开始还没有决定。
He told us what to do.(=He told us what we should do.)
他告诉我们该做些什么。
3.动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的复合结构为“for/of+名词/代词(宾格)+动词不定式”,常用于“It is/was+形容词+for/of+sb+动词不定式”这一句型中。当句中的形容词修饰动词不定式时,用介词for;修饰sb时,用介词of。
It is important for him to attend every day.
他每天都要出席,这很重要。
It is kind of you to help me with my English.
你帮助我学英语真是太好了。
【即时演练 1】 句型转换
①I felt my throat tight, wondering what I should do next.
→I felt my throat tight, wondering what to do next.
②We made him work five hours a day.
→He was made to work five hours a day.
③The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
→The box is too heavy for me to carry.
二、动词不定式的时态和语态
动词不定式的时态和语态的形式见下表:
时态
主动
被动
意义
例句
一般式
to do
to be
done
动词不定式表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时或先后发生
I’m glad to see you.
我很高兴见到你。
进行式
to be
doing
谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时,动词不定式表示的动作正在进行
He pretended to be reading a book when I came in.
当我进来的时候他假装正在读书。
完成式
to have
done
to
have
been
done
动词不定式表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作
We seem to have met each other before.
我们好像以前见过面。
【即时演练 2】 单句语法填空
①She seems to have heard (hear) about this matter.
②He was said to have been told (tell) about the news.
③The weather seems to be improving (improve) now.Let’s go for a picnic.
三、动词不定式的用法
1.作主语
(1)动词不定式作主语,表示特指的一次性的具体动作。
To say is one thing;to do is another.
说是一回事,做是另一回事。
(2)为了避免句子头重脚轻,可以用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语——动词不定式(短语)放在句末。
It is not easy to learn English well.
学好英语不容易。
It is nice not to be dependent on them.
不依靠他们是好的。
【即时演练 3】 句型转换
①To get up early is a good habit.
→It is a good habit to get up early.
②It is difficult to speak a foreign language well.
→To speak a foreign language well is difficult.
③It is necessary to remember enough words.
→To remember enough words is necessary.
2.作表语
(1)动词不定式作表语一般表示具体的动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
My wish is to join the army after graduation.
我的愿望是毕业后参军。
(2)如果主语的中心词是aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, wish等,或是以what引导的名词性从句,动词不定式作表语对其作补充说明。
(2025•全国一卷)She had prepared lots of snacks, while my job was to have the backyard in order.
她(妻子)准备了很多小吃,而我的任务是整理好后院。
【即时演练 4】 完成句子
①My work is to clean the room every day.
我的工作是每天打扫房间。
②His dream is to be a doctor.
他的梦想是当一名医生。
③It seems to be an interesting book.
它似乎是一本有趣的书。
3.作宾语
(1)有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有:like, want, try, begin, decide, ask, forget, promise, hope, love, offer, refuse, wish等。
When they came in my direction, I tried to show them the happiest smile.
当他们朝我走来时,我试着向他们展示最幸福的微笑。
(2)固定结构“do/have/其他动词+sth+but/except +(to) do sth”应遵循“前有实义动词do, but后则无to,反之则有to”的原则。
I have a lot of homework every day, and I have no choice but to do it.
我每天都有很多家庭作业,我别无选择,只能做。
(3)作宾语的动词不定式如果带有自己的补足语,则须用it作形式宾语,而将动词不定式(短语)(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之后。常用句型:主语+find/feel/think/believe/consider/make+it+形容词/名词+to do sth。
I think it useful to learn a foreign language.
我认为学习一门外语是有用的。
名师点津
记忆口诀:常见的只能用动词不定式作宾语的动词
决心,学会,想,希望(determine/decide, learn, want, hope/expect/wish)
拒绝,设法,愿,假装(refuse, manage, care, pretend)
主动,答应,选,计划(offer, promise, choose, plan)
同意,请求,帮一帮(agree, beg, help)
【即时演练 5】 完成句子
①(2025•全国二卷)Last month you agreed to write an article about sports in Canada.
上个月您同意写一篇关于加拿大体育的文章。
②I want to invite you to study English with me this Saturday morning.
我想邀请你这个星期六上午和我一起学习英语。
③We finally decided to stay where we were.
我们最终决定待在原地。
④We all hope to see the great musician.
我们都希望见到那位伟大的音乐家。
⑤I find it hard to get along with him.
我发现与他相处是件难事。
4.作宾语补足语
(1)常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise, allow, ask, tell, teach, encourage, cause等。
The teacher encouraged us to write a composition every week.
老师鼓励我们每周写一篇作文。
(2)感官动词和使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to,但变为被动语态时,作主语补足语的动词不定式需带to。常见的此类词有:一感:feel;二听:listen to, hear;三使:make, let, have;四看:watch, see, notice, observe等。另外, help后作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可有可无。
图解助记
I saw him go upstairs just now.
我刚才看见他上楼了。
He was seen to go upstairs just now.
有人看见他刚才上楼了。
名师点津
下列结构中用动词不定式作主语补足语:be said/reported/believed/considered to等。
Our football team is reported to have won the match.
据报道,我们的足球队赢得了这场比赛。
【即时演练 6】 完成句子
①(2025•全国一卷)So, when my brother showed up, I asked him to watch Toby and keep him outside.
所以,当我哥哥出现时,我让他照看托比,并让它待在外面。
②I didn’t expect you to arrive here so soon.
我没有料到你会来得这么快。
③Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.
请提醒我开会不要迟到。
④He asked me to talk about English study.
他请我谈谈英语学习。
5.作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语,通常位于所修饰的词之后,并且与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。
He’s always the first one to get up.(主谓关系)
他总是第一个起床。
Please give me something to drink.(动宾关系)
请给我点喝的。
名师点津
动词不定式作定语,且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式动词应该是及物动词;如果不定式动词为不及物动词,则该动词必须与介词连用,使其成为及物的动词短语。
Because the room was very crowded, I needed a tall bench to stand on.
因为房间里很拥挤,我需要一条高板凳站上去。
He wanted to find a new house to live in.
他想找一所新房子住。
(2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first, the last等修饰,且动词不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时,常用动词不定式作定语。
He is the best man to do the job.
他是做这份工作的最佳人选。
(3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用动词不定式作后置定语,且动词不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity等。
They failed in their attempt to reach there before five o’clock.
他们试图在五点钟以前到达那里,但失败了。
【即时演练 7】 完成句子
①She has no friend to depend on.
她没有朋友可以依靠。
②Here is some paper for you to write on.
这是一些纸,你可以在上面写字。
③He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来,最后一个走。
6.作状语
动词不定式作状语有以下三种情况:
(1)目的状语。in order to和so as to是动词不定式作目的状语的正式用法,其中so as to不可置于句首。
In order to finish the work in time, we work late into the night every day.
为了能及时完成任务,我们每天工作到深夜。
(2)结果状语。通常有句型:too ...to do sth、 ...enough to do sth、 only to do sth。
I walked all the way from home to the library,only to find it closed.
我从家一直步行到图书馆,结果发现它关门了。
名师点津
动词不定式短语表示结果时,常与only连用,暗示一种意外的结果。
(3)原因状语。主要放在表示喜怒哀乐(glad, pleased, sad, worried, sorrow, excited等)情感的词汇之后。
She seemed surprised to meet us.
遇见我们,她看起来有点惊讶。
【即时演练 8】 完成句子
①(2025•全国二卷)Some were even leaning forward to listen more closely.
有些人甚至身体前倾,想听得更清楚。
②She came to see me yesterday.
她昨天来看我了。
③I hurried to his house, only to find him out.
我急急忙忙赶到他家,结果却发现他不在家。
维度一:基础题型练
1.(2025•全国一卷) We hope to present (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context ...
2.(2025•全国二卷)Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance to discover (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
3.(2024•全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
4.(2024•新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days to give (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
5.To learn (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
6.A positive attitude enable them to improve (improve) English learning effectively.
7.If you are the last student to leave (leave) the room, remember to turn off the lights.
8.World Oceans Day was set up to raise (raise) awareness of protecting the oceans.
9.The doctor told the child to eat (eat) less and sleep more.
10.The best way to improve (improve) your English is to join (join) an English club.
维度二:语法与写作
1.(2025•1月浙江卷)Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this.
彻底抛开性别因素似乎是解决这个问题的简单方法。
2.(2024•新课标Ⅰ卷)I felt blessed to have met such a warm-hearted man.
遇到了这样一位热心肠的人,我感到幸运。
3.She got up early to catch the early bus.
她一早起床,为的就是赶上早班车。
4.All the students are required to arrive ahead of time.
所有学生都应该提前到达。
5.I arrived at the shop only to find I’d left all my money at home.
我到商店时却发现钱都落在家里了。
6.He is not the kind of man to do such things.
他不可能是做这种事的人。
维度三:语段练习
In some parts of China, the senior high school life is extremely tough and boring.Parents count on their children 1.to be admitted (admit) into key universities.As a result, higher grades mean everything, and self-control is very important 2.to succeed (succeed).Some are begged 3.to work (work) hard; some are forbidden 4.to watch (watch) TV.
5.To conclude (conclude), people here spare no efforts 6.to defeat (defeat) others and 7.to get (get) high marks comes first.
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