UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ Using language-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件围绕“科学与科学家”主题，通过钱学森、霍金等人物语篇研读导入，衔接课前预习（重点词汇、句型梳理）与课中探究（核心词汇辨析、典型句式讲解），构建从语篇理解到语言运用的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、文化意识与思维品质培养，语篇研读渗透家国情怀与科学精神，课中探究通过词汇拓展（如patriot-patriotism）、句型解析（如“否定词+比较级”表最高级）提升语言运用能力，分层测评（基础巩固、阅读提升）锻炼分析推断能力。助力学生夯实基础、培养科学素养，教师可高效开展分层教学。

UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术；对社会有突出贡献的人物 Section Ⅲ　Using language 内容索引 语篇研读　细梳理 1 课堂检测　知效果 4 课时测评 5 课前预习　固根基 2 课中探究　破重难 3 语篇研读　细梳理 返回 Read the passage and then choose the best answers. 1．Why did Qian Xuesen come back to China？ A．He wanted to serve his country. B．He met with difficulties in America. C．He was a hero in China. D．He missed his family. √ 2．What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the passage？ A．His strong interest in art like music and drawing. B．His research in the United States. C．His friends' encouragement. D．His habit of reading a lot. √ 3．What does the word “holds” in the sentence “The first was the steady state theory，which holds that the universe has no beginning or end.” mean？ A．Gets. B．Points. C．Closes. D．Declares. 4．What helped Hawking in his fight against the disease？ A．Cleverness. B．Dreams. C．Determination. D．Mistakes. √ √ 返回 课前预习　固根基 返回 Ⅰ.重点词汇——激活 单词及含义 1．cast /kɑːst/ vt.(cast，cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 2．shadow /'ʃædəʊ/ n.阴影；影子；背光处 3．pour /pɔː(r)/ vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 4．concrete /'kɒŋkriːt/ n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 5．trace /treɪs/ vt.追溯；追踪；查出生 n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 6．outstanding /aʊt'stændɪŋ/ adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的 7．gifted /'gɪftɪd/ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 8．abstract /'æbstrækt/ adj.抽象的；理论上的生 n. (文献等的)摘要 9．steady /'stedi/ adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的 10．concept /'kɒnsept/ n.概念；观念 11．besides/bɪ'saɪdz/ prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外 12．furthermore /ˌfɜːðə'mɔː(r)/ adv.此外；再者 13．shift /ʃɪft/ n．改变；转换；轮班生 vi.& vt.转移；挪动生；转向 助记与拓展 1．___________ 投以微笑 _____________ 瞥一眼 2．_______________ 在……的阴影下 _________________ 给……蒙上阴影 3．____________________ 把水倒入杯子 _________ 下瓢泼大雨 4．________________ 确凿的证据 ______________ 具体计划 5．________________________ 追溯一种习俗的起源 ______________ 追踪罪犯 ____________ 追溯到(某时期) cast a smile cast a glance in the shadow of cast a shadow over pour water into a glass pour rain concrete evidence concrete plans trace the origin of a custom trace a criminal trace back to 6．__________________ 优秀学生 ______________________ 杰出成就 7．_____________ 在……方面有天赋 8．_______________ 抽象概念 9．_____________ 稳步增长 10．______________________________________ 我不想去，而且还在下雨。 11．________________________________________________ 这项任务很难，而且耗时。 12．_______________ 从A转换到B outstanding student outstanding achievement　 be gifted in/at abstract concept steady growth I don't want to go；besides， it's raining. The task is difficult；furthermore， it's time-consuming. shift from A to B 联想与点津 1．不规则动词变形规律：部分动词的原形－过去式－过去分词完全一 致，除cast外，还有：cut(cut，cut，cut)、put(put，put，put)、read(read，read，read) 2．易混介词辨析： (1)besides 除……之外(还)，包含后者； (2)except 除……之外(不包含后者)； (3)except for 除……之外(强调整体中的局部例外)。 3．furthermore的同义副词：besides(此外)、moreover(而且)、in addition(另外)，均可用于补充观点。 Ⅱ.拓展单词——积累 单词及拓展 1．_______ n. 爱国者 →__________ n. 爱国主义 2．__________ n. 机械师；机械修理工 →__________ adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的 →____________adv. 机械地 →__________n. 机制 3．______________ n. 防御；辩护 →__________adj. 防御性的 →_________ n. 防御者；辩护人 patriot patriotism　 mechanic mechanical mechanically mechanism defence/defense defensive defender 4．_______ v. 帮助；协助 →__________ n. 帮助；援助 5．_______ n. 领导者 →_____ v. 带领；引导 n.领先地位；线索 6．__________ n. 天文学 →____________ adj. 天文的；极其巨大的 assist assistance leader lead astronomy astronomical 联想与点津 1．形容词变名词规律：-ic结尾的形容词变名词时，多去掉-ic加-ism(表“主义/信仰”)或加-ist(表“人”)，如： heroic(英雄的) →heroism(英雄主义) optimistic(乐观的) →optimist(乐观主义者) 2．部分表“职业/技能”的名词加-al构成形容词，表“与该职业/技能相关的”，如：music(音乐)→musical(音乐的)、history(历史)→historical(历史的) 3．-ship加在表“人”的名词后，表“身份、技能、关系”，如：friend(朋友)→friendship(友谊)、professor(教授)→professorship(教授职位) Ⅲ.重点短语——再现 1．主管；掌管　 ____________ 2．(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 ____________ 3．患(病)；染上(小病) _______________ 4．最重要的是；尤其是 ____________ 5．除……之外(都) ____________ 6．take on the challenge ____________ 7．be familiar with ____________ 8．have an impact on _____________ 9．come up with ____________ in charge of break out come down with above all apart from 接受挑战 对……熟悉 对……有影响 想出；提出 Ⅳ.典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1．句型公式　“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 教材原句　Perhaps no other scientist ______________________(有更大的影响)on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 2．句型公式　not only...but also...意为“不但……，而且……” 教材原句　He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of ___________________(不仅仅开发)China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. has had a greater impact not only developing 3．句型公式　what引导的名词性从句 教材原句　However，what might have _______________________________ _______________(使他成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家) was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing. made him such an outstanding and creative scientist 返回 课中探究　破重难 返回 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 教材原句　However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation...不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森决定改学航空专业…… break away from 挣脱；逃离 break down (谈判)失败；出故障；(身体) 垮掉；分解；破坏；消除 break in　 打断谈话；插话；闯入(行窃)(不加宾语) break into 强行闯入 break up 打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落 1 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I was still sleeping when the fire broke ________，and then it spread quickly. ②He broke ________ rudely，“I am not to blame.” Then he stormed out of the room in extreme anger. ③The truck my dad drove often broke ________ on the way，which made my dad in trouble. out　 in　 down　 ④不幸的是，我最好的朋友和我爆发了激烈的争吵。更糟的是，我和她的关系破裂了，我们俩都不知道如何消除我们的分歧。 Unluckily，________________________ between my best friend and me. What's worse，I ________ with her and we didn't know _________________ our barriers. a terrible quarrel broke out broke up how to break down defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 教材原句　...he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.……他(钱学森)意识到中国需要建设自己的强大的空军来保卫国家。 (1)defend...from/against (doing)... 保护……免受…… defend oneself from/against sth 保护自己不受……；对……为自己辩护 (2)defence n. 防御；辩护；保卫 in defence of 保卫；为……辩护 (3)defensive adj. 防御的；自卫的 2 练透——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①People should try their best to defend the environment __________ pollution. ②My assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in ________(defend) of herself. ③看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之动作描写) →Seeing the fierce snake，he ________________________________.(defend) →Seeing the fierce snake，he ____________________________________ . (defence) against/from　 defence　 rushed to defend his son like an arrow rushed in defence of his son like an arrow in charge of主管；掌管 教材原句　He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，并受命发展中国的火箭科学还负责航天和导弹项目。 (1)in the charge of　 由……负责；由……掌管 take charge of 负责；掌管(表动作) free of charge 免费 (2)charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事 3 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换 ①The West Branch of Suzhou Museum is scheduled to open to the public free _____ charge. ②悲伤和恐惧的泪水顺着男孩的脸颊流淌下来，因为他被控告偷了那位女士的金戒指。(读后续写之情绪描写) Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy's cheeks，because he ________________ stealing the woman's gold ring. of　 was charged with　 ③I will be in charge of the English speech competition，which makes me greatly honored. →The English speech competition will ______________________，which makes me greatly honored. →I will ______________________________________，which makes me greatly honored. be in the charge of me take charge of the English speech competition come down with患(病)；染上(小病) 教材原句　Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought. 他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 come across　　　　 (偶然)遇见，碰见；被理解 come about 发生(无被动形式) come out 出来；出版；开花 come up 走近；上来；被提及 come up with 提出 when it comes to ... 当谈到…… 4 练透——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①One day I came ________ an old friend in the street who told me that his new book would come ________ soon. ②The shop manager came over and asked the customer how the quarrel had come ________． ③一听到我的伙伴得了重病，一阵悲伤和担忧席卷了我。(读后续写之情感描写) The instant I knew that my partner ____________________________，a wave of sadness and concern washed over me. ④谈到英语学习，我有以下实用的建议与你们分享。 _____________________________，I have the following practical suggestions to share with you across out　 about　 came down with a severe illness　 When it comes to English learning 积累·续写亮词 pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)；注(生义)；灌(生义) vi.(水等)不断流出(生义)；(烟等)被吐出(生义)；不断涌向/涌现(生义)；(雨)倾盆而下(生义) pour out one's sadness/troubles　 倾诉某人的悲伤/苦恼 pour into/out of the classroom 涌入/涌出教室 with tears/sweat pouring down one's face 泪水/汗水顺着脸颊流下 1 诵读领悟 ①After the stressful exam，she sat with her best friend and poured out all her anxiety about the results.紧张的考试结束后，她坐在好朋友身边，把对成绩的所有焦虑都倾诉了出来。 ②After the rain stopped，children poured into the park，laughing and chasing each other.(场景描写) 雨停后，孩子们涌进公园，笑着互相追逐。 ③He held the letter telling him he'd been admitted to his dream university，tears pouring down his cheeks and a big smile on his face.(独立主格结构) 他拿着那封告知自己被梦想大学录取的信，泪水从脸颊流下，脸上却挂着灿烂的笑容。 佳句仿写 泪水从他脸颊流下，我紧紧抱住哥哥，一句话也说不出来。(2025·全国一卷；情感描写) _______________________________， I hugged my brother tightly， With tears pouring down his cheeks cast vt. (cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷 cast a quick glance　　　　 快速瞥一眼 cast a dark shadow over sth 给某事蒙上一层阴影 cast sunlight through the window 阳光透过窗户投射进来 2 诵读领悟 ①The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains. (环境描写) 橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。 ②His careless remarks cast a shadow over the happy atmosphere of the party，making everyone feel awkward. 他随意的言论给派对的欢乐氛围蒙上了一层阴影，让所有人都感到尴尬。 ③She cast a quick glance at her watch，worried that she might be late for the important meeting. 她快速瞥了一眼手表，担心赶不上这场重要的会议。 佳句仿写 一个阳光明媚的早晨，太阳开始升起，温暖的金色阳光辉映着公园。她看向我们，面带温暖的笑容。(环境、神态描写) One sunny morning， the sun began to rise，__________________________ ____________. ________________， with her face wearing a warm smile. casting a warm golden glow She cast us a look over the park Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 教材原句　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China's aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大的了。 (1)否定词＋比较级＝最高级，意为“没有……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。 (2)can/could＋never/not＋...＋形容词/副词＋enough＝can/could＋never/not＋...＋too＋形容词/副词，意为“再怎么……也不为过”。 1 练透——完成句子 ①在我看来，没有什么比保持身心健康更重要的了。因此，我怎么强调保持学习和放松之间的平衡的重要性也不为过。 As far as I am concerned，__________________________ keeping physically and mentally healthy.As a result，I can't stress the importance of keeping balance between our studies and relaxation too much. ②我深信没有一个地方比位于我们图书馆三楼的自习室更适合学习的了。 I am greatly convinced that ____________________________________ the self-study room located on the third floor of our library. ③我坚信没有人比我们班长更适合当候选人的了。(推荐信) I hold the firm belief that ____________________________________ our monitor. nothing is more significant than　 no place is more suitable for studying than　 nobody is a more qualified candidate than 句型公式：what引导的名词性从句 教材原句　However，what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing.然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。 (1)此句是复合句，连接代词what引导的是主语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。 (2)连接代词what除了引导主语从句外，还可引导表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，意为“什么”“……的事”“……的地方”“什么的样子”“……的时间”。 2 练透——完成句子 ①令我们印象最深刻的是我的同桌总是乐意帮助任何需要帮助的人。(2023·天津3月卷书面表达) ___________________________ my deskmate always willingly offers a hand to whoever needs help. ②在似乎一个世纪的时间之后，我的丈夫终于出现了，我冲向前，紧紧地拥抱他，眼里含着泪水。(读后续写之动作描写) _____________________________，my husband finally arrived and I dashed forward and hugged him tightly，with my eyes filled with tears. ③我不知道我能从这个活动中获得什么，因此我不确定是否应该参加。 I have no idea ______________________________，so I am not sure whether I should take part in it or not. After what seemed like a century　 what I can benefit from the activity What impresses us most is that　 句型公式：not only...but also...不仅……而且…… 教材原句　He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，并受命发展中国的火箭科学还负责航天和导弹项目。 (1)not only...but also...不仅……而且……，连接两个平行结构，当连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据but also 后的名词决定单复数(就近原则)； (2)not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装。 3 练透——完成句子/句式升级 ①这段经历不仅让我有机会将自己的艺术创作与自然联系起来，也增强了我今后从自然中汲取灵感的意愿。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文写作) The experience _______________________________________ connect my artistic creation with nature，but also enhanced my willingness to take inspiration from nature in the future. ②We should not only show respect for the great scientists，but also we should learn the scientific spirits from them. →________________________________ the great scientists，but also we should learn the scientific spirits from them.(倒装句) not only provided me with an opportunity to　 Not only should we show respect for　 ③We not only gained knowledge of gardening but also we had a better understanding of nature from this activity.(2023·浙江1月卷) →________________________________________ but also we had a better understanding of nature from this activity.(倒装句) Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening 返回 课堂检测　知效果 返回 Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义 shift n.改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向；改变(生义) ①The school had to shift resources from less popular programs to more essential academic subjects. ________ ②Public attitudes towards this have shifted over the past 50 years. ________ ③It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. ________ ④The student volunteers were divided into three shifts，each responsible for different activities and times. ________ vt.转移 vi.改变 vi.挪动 n.轮班 Ⅱ.单词拼写 1．I was in the kitchen，________ (斟) out drinks. 2．The player's ___________ (杰出的) performance left a deep impression on everyone present. 3．All the teachers are satisfied with your ________(绝妙的) performance in the speech contest. 4．I have the faith that I can be a helpful ________(助手)to the event organizers. pouring　 outstanding brilliant assistant Ⅲ.补全句子 1．Lucy ____________(有天赋)creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other. 2．I ________________ (染上)the flu and my doctor insisted that I should stay indoors for a week or so. 3．It is reported that a team consisting of five experts will be ____________ (负责) the club. 4．__________(最重要的是)，as a native of Jinan，I know this city and its culture very well. 5．What the teachers have done ____________________ (对……有很大影响) their students in the future. has a gift for came down with 返回 in charge of Above all has a great impact on 课时测评 返回 Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义(每空1分，共10分) 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加黑词汇对应的意思 1．Charge ①I am Li Hua，a student in charge of the program “Talk and Talk” launched in the broadcasting station of our school. ________ ②I will charge you one thousand yuan for curing your severe disease. ________ 层级(一)　基础巩固练 B D ③The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company. ________ ④The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone. ________ ⑤He rose to his feet，charged through the door and disappeared in the darkness. ________ A E C 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 2．He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. ___________ 3．He tried to shift the blame for his mistakes onto his colleagues. ________ 4．He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to defend him. _______________ 5．The stores are packed solid at this time of year. _____________ 6．She abstracted the main points from the argument. ________________ vt.推卸 vt.(为……)辩护 adj.无空隙的 vt.把……抽象出 vt.选派角色 Ⅱ.单词拼写(每小题1分，共8分) 1．It's hard for the victims to wipe out the ________ (阴影) of that terrible earthquake from their hearts. 2．The only way to live happily with others is to overlook their ________ (过错) and admire their virtues. 3．As is known to all，the rose could represent love and affection，and the ________ (彩虹) could symbolize hope. 4．Her ________ (绝妙的)idea helped solve the problem quickly and efficiently. shadow　 faults rainbow brilliant 5．This area witnessed ________ (稳定的) social and economic development under the Qing Dynasty. 6．On seeing other competitors' ____________ (杰出的)performance，I began to lose confidence in myself. 7．A great many c________ measures have been taken by our government to contain it. 8．It is acknowledged that reading lays a s______ foundation for further learning. outstanding oncrete olid steady Ⅲ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．His efforts to help the company reduce losses are more successful than most of us expected ________ (initial). 2．The soldiers were determined ___________ (defend) their motherland，no matter how difficult it was. 3．I have never taken part in a ________________ (meaningful) activity than this one. 4．Though he came down ________ a severe disease，he was still willing ________ (help) over the course of the project. initially to defend more meaningful with to help 5．The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising ________ (steady) since 2000. 6．Willing to help Bernard，the children got down to __________ (prepare) popcorn the instant they got what they needed. 7．________(charge) with stealing my classmate's wallet，I shed tears of sadness and tried to prove my innocence. 8．When anxiety beats you，or ________(cast)a shadow over your life，this is a serious problem. steadily preparing　 Charged casts Ⅳ.完成句子(介绍“杂交水稻之父”——袁隆平)(每小题2分，共10分) 1．作为“杂交水稻之父”而著名，袁隆平终生致力于研究水稻。 _________________________________，Yuan Longping devoted his whole life to studying rice. 2．我们从没见过比他更杰出的农业科学家了。 We _______________________________________________________. Known as “the father of hybrid rice” have never seen a more outstanding agricultural scientist than him　 3．他相信他所做的事情，即使遇到数不清的困难，他也绝不屈服。 He believed in _____________________ and even if encountering countless difficulties，he would never give in. 4．在他的领导下，越来越多的年轻人负责杂交水稻的研究。 Under his leadership，more and more young people are _________________ ____________________. 5．不幸的是，他患上了严重的疾病，于2021年5月22日与世长辞。 Unfortunately，he ____________________________ and passed away on May 22，2021. in charge of the research of hybrid rice came down with a severe illness what he had been doing Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2026·山东省日照市实验高中1月月考) For centuries，people thought that fish did not feel pain or emotions.Now research has shown that fish not only have feelings but can also sense one another's moods. 层级(二)　阅读提升练 When a human understands and shares the feelings of another person，this is called empathy.Scientists have found that a chemical in the brain called oxytocin is involved in our ability to connect with others in this way.A basic form of empathy，known as emotional contagion，happens when an individual sees someone else displaying an emotion (such as happiness or fear) and reacts by displaying the same type of behavior. An international team of researchers tested zebrafish with a series of experiments.First，they placed the fish in two separate tanks and gave one group a substance that caused them to act fearful—either freezing or swimming irregularly.Even though the fish in the nearby tank had not touched the substance，they also began to freeze in fear.“They respond to other individuals being frightened...just like us.” Ibukun Akinrinade，a co-author of the study，told the Associated Press. The scientists tried the experiment with fish that had been modified so their brains would not produce oxytocin.These fish were much less likely to act anxious when they saw other fish showing fear.If researchers gave them an injection of oxytocin，their ability to empathize returned. Finally，researchers played videos of fearful fish on one side of the tank and relaxed fish on the other side.Normal fish moved closer to the side that showed the fearful fish，which might have been an attempt to comfort them.The modified fish did not move toward either side. Looking at the normal fish's brains，researchers saw activity in a region similar to the one humans and other mammals use when empathizing with others.This could mean that the ability to have empathy developed more than 350 million years ago，when fish and mammals shared a common ancestor.Next，researchers want to study whether fish also transfer positive emotions to one another. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于鱼类具有共情能力的研究，探讨了鱼类共情的表现、相关实验及共情能力的进化根源等内容。 1．The phrase “emotional contagion” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ． A．the ability to control one's own emotions when others are emotional B．the process of sharing and reflecting others' emotions unconsciously C．the tendency to hide one's true feelings to avoid affecting others D．the capacity to understand the root cause of others' emotions √ 词义猜测题。根据第二段“A basic form of empathy，known as emotional contagion，happens when an individual sees someone else displaying an emotion (such as happiness or fear) and reacts by displaying the same type of behavior.”可知，emotional contagion指个体看到他人情绪后会表现出相同行为反应，揭示了其核心是“情绪的传递与模仿”，即无意识地分享和反映他人的情绪。故选B。 2．What is Ibukun Akinrinade's view on fish empathy？ A．Fish empathy is limited to negative emotions like fear. B．Zebrafish are the only fish species capable of empathy. C．Fish empathy is stronger than that of humans and mammals. D．The emotional response of fish is comparable to that of humans. √ 推理判断题。根据第三段“‘They respond to other individuals being frightened...just like us.’ Ibukun Akinrinade，a co-author of the study，told the Associated Press.”可知，他认为鱼类的情绪反应与人类的情绪反应具有可比性。故选D。 3．What did the researchers find about the modified zebrafish？ A．They could still sense fear in other fish without oxytocin. B．They showed increased anxiety when injected with oxytocin. C．They failed to respond to videos of either fearful or relaxed fish. D．They moved closer to fearful fish to comfort them intentionally. √ 细节理解题。根据第五段“Normal fish moved closer to the side that showed the fearful fish，which might have been an attempt to comfort them.The modified fish did not move toward either side.”可知，经过改造的斑马鱼，对展示恐惧或放松鱼类的视频都没有表现出趋近行为，即无明显反应。故选C。 4．What can be the best title of the text？ A．More Than Feelings: How Fish Share Emotions B．From Fear to Comfort: The Social Lives of Fish C．The Ancient Roots of Empathy: Evidence from Fish D．A New Discovery: The Emotional World of Zebrafish √ 标题归纳题。根据第一段“Now research has shown that fish not only have feelings but can also sense one another's moods.”以及最后一段“Looking at the normal fish's brains，researchers saw activity in a region similar to the one humans and other mammals use when empathizing with others.This could mean that the ability to have empathy developed more than 350 million years ago”可知，文章围绕鱼类的共情能力展开，先定义相关概念，再通过实验验证鱼类的共情表现，最后探讨其进化根源，A项“不止是情感：鱼类如何分享情绪”适合作最佳标题。故选A。 B (2025·辽宁省葫芦岛市高二上学期期末) Scientists in South Africa have found that ceramic (陶瓷的) nest boxes can protect endangered African penguins from climate change. In the past，the penguins laid eggs in holes dug into centuries-old layers of their own droppings，most of which were shipped by traders to the United Kingdom as fertilizer (肥料) in the 1800s.Since then，many penguins have nested in the open，exposing their eggs and themselves to the burning heat. Because penguins evolved to keep heat in cold water，they can easily overheat on land.Typically，penguins leave their nests regularly to cool off in the sea.But without proper holes，this leaves their eggs unprotected.Since 1900，the African penguin population has dropped from three million to only 48，000. Fortunately，a team of researchers seem to have found a way.Over the past years，the team has put more than 1，500 handmade ceramic nest boxes in five areas where the penguins live，including Bird Island in Algoa Bay，South Africa，which is home to nearly half of the world's remaining African penguins.Looking like small round houses，the double-walled ceramic nests can keep African penguins cool. “The nests are so useful，” says Welman，a zoologist.“Even if adults had to leave nests for some reason，their eggs would never be at any risk of overheating.” Christina Hagen of Bird Life South Africa，who was not part of the study，says finding effective conservation solutions is important given the decreasing population of African penguins. The main threat to African penguins is overfishing of anchovy and sardines，the penguins' favorite food.Scientists and conservationists are pushing the South African government to close commercial fishing around the five African penguin breeding (繁殖) colonies until populations recover.But without protection from rising temperatures，those efforts alone may not be enough.Ceramic nests could help to give these beloved penguins a fighting chance. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南非科学家发现，陶瓷巢盒可以保护濒危的非洲企鹅免受气候变化的影响。 5．What can we learn about African penguins from the passage？ A．They well adapt to high temperatures. B．They are mainly threatened by pollution. C．They are suffering a lot from overheating. D．They have a population of over three million. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since then，many penguins have nested in the open，exposing their eggs and themselves to the burning heat.”可知，非洲企鹅正饱受过热之苦。故选C。 6．Why is Bird Island special to African penguins？ A．There is a vast population of African penguins. B．It enjoys the best climate for African penguins. C．African penguins there can nest in the open. D．There are holes for penguins to lay eggs. √ 细节理解题。根据第四段“Over the past years，the team has put more than 1，500 handmade ceramic nest boxes in five areas where the penguins live，including Bird Island in Algoa Bay，South Africa，which is home to nearly half of the world's remaining African penguins.”可知，Bird Island对非洲企鹅来说很特别是因为那里有大量的非洲企鹅。故选A。 7．What is the main function of the ceramic nest boxes？ A．To allow the penguins to stay cool inside. B．To protect the penguins from being hunted. C．To provide a place for the penguins to rest. D．To save enough room for the adult penguins. √ 细节理解题。根据第四段“Looking like small round houses，the double-walled ceramic nests can keep African penguins cool.”可知，陶瓷巢盒的主要功能是让企鹅在里面保持凉爽。故选A。 8．What additional measure is being proposed to protect African penguins？ A．Creating more nesting areas for the penguins. B．Stopping people fishing where the penguins breed. C．Introducing new species of fish for the penguins. D．Providing man-made cooling facilities for the penguins. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Scientists and conservationists are pushing the South African government to close commercial fishing around the five African penguin breeding (繁殖) colonies until populations recover.”可知，被提议来保护非洲企鹅的其他的措施是阻止人们在企鹅繁殖的地方捕鱼。故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Gordon Ramsay is a brilliant cook，an entertaining TV star，an author and a multi-millionaire businessman.Here are Gordon Ramsay's top five tips for success. Self-discipline (自律) 1( ) He told an interviewer，“Discipline yourself；become hard on yourself.I've never had dinner in my own restaurant.I've never sat and had a glass of champagne (香槟) with customers.” Be a boss，not a friend Gordon is definitely not in business to make friends.And this is good management，according to experts.They say you should try to earn your staff's respect，not worry too much about whether they like you.2( ) By being a strong leader. Treat your staff well 3( ) And although we don't often see it on his TV shows，Gordon does give employees positive feedback (反馈).An expert writes，“Gordon has a highly-motivated workforce—something that many managers struggle to achieve.” Communicate clearly Gordon is certainly not afraid to say what he thinks! In one episode(集) of Kitchen Nightmares (the TV show where Gordon helps save struggling restaurants)，a head cook and a head waiter had stopped talking to one another.Gordon realized that the lack of communication was affecting business.4( ) The two started communicating again and business improved. Learn from your mistakes Gordon admits that he has failed in the past，but says he always learns from his mistakes.He once opened a restaurant in Scotland，but realized it was too fancy for the locals.5( ) So he simplified the restaurant's style and menu and made it a success. A．And how do you earn respect？ B．How do you define a good restaurant？ C．So he made them sit down and work out their differences. D．Not everyone is convinced that Gordon is a good businessman. E．Gordon may be hard on others，but he's also very hard on himself. F．People only came for special occasions rather than everyday dinners. G．Gordon makes staff feel like they're an important part of the business. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了名厨戈登·拉姆齐的成功秘诀。 Self-discipline (自律) ____________________________________________________________ He told an interviewer，“Discipline yourself；become hard on yourself.I've never had dinner in my own restaurant.I've never sat and had a glass of champagne (香槟) with customers.” 根据下文中的“Discipline yourself；become hard on yourself...with customers.”可知，戈登·拉姆齐非常自律，他从不会在自己的餐厅用餐，设空处应该与他对自己要求非常严格有关，故E项符合语境。E项内容与下文中的Discipline yourself；become hard on yourself相呼应。 　　E．Gordon may be hard on others，but he's also very hard on himself. Be a boss，not a friend Gordon is definitely not in business to make friends.And this is good management，according to experts.They say you should try to earn your staff‘s respect，not worry too much about whether they like you.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿　By being a strong leader. 根据上文中的“They say you should try to earn your staff's respect，not worry too much about whether they like you.”和下文中的“By being a strong leader.”可知，设空处应该与如何可以得到员工的尊重有关，故A项符合语境。A项中的respect与上文中的respect为原词复现关系。 A．And how do you earn respect？ Treat your staff well ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ And although we don't often see it on his TV shows，Gordon does give employees positive feedback (反馈).An expert writes，“Gordon has a highly-motivated workforce—something that many managers struggle to achieve.” 根据该段小标题Treat your staff well和下文中的“Gordon does give employees positive feedback(反馈)”可知，设空处应该与戈登·拉姆齐如何善待员工有关，故G项符合语境。G项内容与该段小标题Treat your staff well以及下文中的“Gordon does give employees positive feedback(反馈)”相呼应。 　　G．Gordon makes staff feel like they're an important part of the business. Communicate clearly Gordon is certainly not afraid to say what he thinks! In one episode(集) of Kitchen Nightmares (the TV show where Gordon helps save struggling restaurants)，a head cook and a head waiter had stopped talking to one another.Gordon realized that the lack of communication was affecting business. ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿The two started communicating again and business improved. C．So he made them sit down and work out their differences. 根据上文中的“Gordon realized that the lack of communication was affecting business.”和下文中的“The two started communicating again and business improved.”可知，设空处与戈登·拉姆齐如何帮助两人进行有效沟通有关，故C项符合语境。C项中的them指代上文中的“a head cook and a head waiter”，且C项中的“sit down and work out their differences”与上文中的communication和下文中的communicating相呼应。 Learn from your mistakes Gordon admits that he has failed in the past，but says he always learns from his mistakes.He once opened a restaurant in Scotland，but realized it was too fancy for the locals._____________________________________________ __________________ So he simplified the restaurant's style and menu and made it a success. 根据上文中的“He once opened a restaurant in Scotland，but realized it was too fancy for the locals.”和下文中的“So he simplified the restaurant's style and menu and made it a success.”可知，设空处应提及戈登·拉姆齐在苏格兰开的饭店不接地气，故F项符合语境。F项内容与上文中的“it was too fancy for the locals”相呼应。 　　　　　　　　　　　F．People only came for special occasions rather than everyday dinners. Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·安徽省部分学校高二12月联考) In Brevard County，Florida，a wonderful movement is taking place—painting rocks.It has brought great joy and 1 through a simple act. Jen Justiniano began painting rocks as a way to 2 anxiety after a hurricane and posting photos of her 3 on Facebook.At the same time，Carrie Cerve was encouraging others to spread 4 on Facebook.When Cerve came across Justiniano's rock posts，she was 5 ． “I just felt like today was the day to throw out some kindness，throw out some 6 that you，as one person，can influence others，” Cerve told Florida Today. The two women got in touch and soon 7 a private Facebook group called Brevard Rocks FL. 8 ，they thought it would be a small circle of friends.But within weeks，the group grew to 1，000 members，and today，it has an astonishing membership of 41，500. The 9 is simple yet powerful：members paint rocks with messages like “Be kind” “Fighting” and “Cheer up”，and then 10 them somewhere unexpected around the community.Those who spot the rocks often feel a sense of 11 ，leading them to join the group and share their stories. This growing community has 12 the power of small acts of kindness and the far-reaching effect they can make. 13 with a few painted rocks，it has turned into a movement that's 14 spirits and spreading love across Brevard County and beyond.As the group 15 to grow，so does the impact of their simple act of painting rocks. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在佛罗里达州的布里瓦德县，瑟夫和珍·贾斯蒂尼亚诺创建私人群Brevard Rocks FL，群成员通过在石头上作画传播正能量来激励他人，这个群快速壮大，在石头上作画这一简单行为的影响也越来越大。 1．A．ambition B．acceptance C．connection D．peace √ 根据后文“But within weeks，the group grew to 1，000 members，and today，it has an astonishing membership of 41，500.”以及“it has turned into a movement that's spirits and spreading love across Brevard County and beyond”可知，简单的举动带来了巨大的快乐和联系。故选C。 2．A．deal with B．account for C．weigh up D．check out 3．A．followers B．trainers C．partners D．creations √ 根据后文“anxiety after a hurricane”可知，在石头上作画是为了应对飓风过后的焦虑。故选A。 √ 根据前文“Jen Justiniano began painting rocks”可知，珍·贾斯蒂尼亚诺开始在石头上画画，并把自己所创作的石头画的图片发布在Facebook上，故选D。 4．A．fairness B．kindness C．beauty D．teamwork 5．A．confused B．questioned C．inspired D．amused √ 根据后文“I just felt like today was the day to throw out some kindness”可知，Carrie Cerve鼓励其他人在Facebook上传播善意。故选B。 √ 根据后文“I just felt like today was the day to throw out some kindness，throw out some that you，as one person，can influence others”可知，看到了贾斯蒂尼亚诺在Facebook上发布的岩石帖子时，Cerve受到了启发，从中获得了灵感。故选C。 6．A．decisions B．reminders C．conclusions D．methods √ 根据后文“members paint rocks with messages like ‘Be kind’ ‘Fighting’ and ‘Cheer up’，and then them somewhere unexpected around the community.Those who spot the rocks often feel a sense of ，leading them to join the group and share their stories.”可知，此处指运用石头画来提醒人们你一个人也可以影响他人。故选B。 7．A．established B．guided C．tested D．quit √ 根据后文“a private Facebook group called Brevard Rocks FL”可知，她们在Facebook上建立了一个名为Brevard Rocks FL的私人群。故选A。 8．A．Additionally B．Fortunately C．Originally D．Undoubtedly √ 根据后文“they thought it would be a small circle of friends”以及后文“But within weeks，the group grew to 1，000 members，and today，it has an astonishing membership of 41，500.”可知，起初她们认为这将是一个小的朋友圈，但是在几周内，该组织的成员就增长到了1 000人。故选C。 9．A．confirmation B．observation C．response D．concept √ 根据后文“members paint rocks with messages like ‘Be kind’ ‘Fighting’ and ‘Cheer up’，and then them somewhere unexpected around the community.Those who spot the rocks often feel a sense of ，leading them to join the group and share their stories.”可知，此处阐述了这个私人群创建的理念：群成员在石头上写上积极的信息，然后藏在社区周围，发现石头的人通常会有一种感激之情，这让他们会加入这个群分享自己的故事。故选D。 10．A．place B．improve C．admire D．judge √ 根据后文“them somewhere unexpected around the community”可知，此处指把石头放在社区周围意想不到的地方。故选A。 11．A．honor B．pride C．responsibility D．appreciation √ 根据前文“members paint rocks with messages like ‘Be kind’ ‘Fighting’ and ‘Cheer up’”以及后文“leading them to join the group and share their stories”可知，石头上写着正能量的、鼓励他人的信息，那些发现石头的人通常会有一种感激之情，从而让他们加入这个群体，分享他们的故事。故选D。 12．A．recovered B．involved C．demonstrated D．strengthened √ 根据后文“the power of small acts of kindness and the far-reaching effect they can make”可知，此处指这个不断壮大的群已经证明了小小的善举的力量和它们所能产生的深远影响。故选C。 13．A．Experimenting B．Beginning C．Competing D．Interacting √ 根据第一段中“In Brevard County，Florida，a wonderful movement is taking place—painting rocks.”以及前文内容可知，这两位女士所创建的私人群从几块彩绘岩石开始，现在已经变成了一场振奋人们精神、传播爱的运动，故选B。 14．A．lifting B．shaking C．shaping D．challenging √ 根据前文“members paint rocks with messages like ‘Be kind’ ‘Fighting’ and ‘Cheer up’”以及后文“spirits and spreading love”可知，这场由彩绘岩石开始的运动正在振奋人们的精神、传播爱。故选A。 15．A．promises B．continues C．struggles D．happens √ 根据前文“But within weeks，the group grew to 1，000 members，and today，it has an astonishing membership of 41，500.”以及后文“to grow，so does the impact of their simple act of painting rocks”可知，此处指随着这个群继续不断壮大，他们在石头上作画这一简单行为的影响也越来越大。故选B。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 返回 $