UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Vocabulary & Grammar-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书Word（人教版）

Section Ⅱ　Vocabulary & Grammar　

过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态　

一、过去完成时的概念

　　过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。

1．过去完成时表示在过去某个动作或某个具体的时间之前已经发生、完成的动作或存在的状态，句中常用by，before，until，when等词引导时间状语。

①David's tearful eyes expressed that he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)

大卫泪眼汪汪，表示他已下定决心完成越野跑。

②By the end of 2024，John had repaired more than 140 bikes for donation or to be returned to their owners.

到2024年底，约翰已经修理了140多辆自行车，这些自行车要么被捐赠出去，要

么被返还给原主。

③I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

到昨天晚上九点，我已经读完了那本小说。

④More than three thousand English words had been learned by us by the end of last term.

到上学期末我们已经学习了三千多个英语单词。

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2．用于hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...等表示“刚……就……”或“一……就……”的固定句型中。

①Hardly had I got the good news that the 8th International Tea Culture Festival would be held in our city when I was writing to invite you to the festival.(邀请信)

一得知第八届国际茶文化节在我市举办的好消息，我就写信邀请你参加。

②No sooner had I got home than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。

3．在“That/It was the first/second/... time＋从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。

It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.

这是他那一年第三次失业了。

4．有些动词，如plan，hope，expect，intend，mean等，用过去完成时表示“原本打算做而未做成”。

①She had intended to clean out the spare room last week，but it was much too occupied at that time.

上周她本打算把空房间打扫干净，但当时房间太满了。

②We had hoped to be able to come and see you.

我们本希望能来看看你。

5．在wish，if only，as if，would rather等后面的从句中，常用过去完成时表示对过去的假设或虚拟。

①We haven't met before.But he talked with me as if we had known each other for a long time.

我们以前没见过面。但他和我说话，好像我们已经认识很长时间了。

②Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I had danced as well as her at last party.Ellen是个出色的舞蹈家。我真希望我在上次聚会上跳得和她一样好。

③Pity that I missed the Women's Volleyball Match on Tuesday.If only I had booked the ticket in advance!

错过了周二的女排比赛真是太可惜了。要是我提前订票就好了！

[即学即练1]　单句语法填空

①When I finally finished it，the thought of winning had given (give) way to the enjoyment of writing.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)

②He hesitated and then said he had decided(decide) not to run.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)

③I had expected(expect)the operation to be painful，but I didn't feel a thing.

④By the end of last month he had worked(work) in Shanghai for twenty years.

⑤When I got to school，I realized I had left(leave) my bag at home.

⑥The media reported that these companies had treated (treat) pollution as a hot potato.

二、过去完成时的构成

1．肯定句：主语＋had＋done＋其他

2．否定句：主语＋had＋not＋done＋其他

3．一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋done＋其他？

4．特殊疑问句：疑问代词/疑问副词＋had＋主语＋done＋其他？

①Had the movie been on for half an hour when you got to the cinema？

当你们到达电影院时，电影已经开始半个小时了吗？

②She seemed astonished that I had never been to Paris.

我从未去过巴黎，这似乎使她大为惊奇。

③Where had you been before you came here？

你来这里前还去过哪儿？

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[即学即练2]　句型转换

Jane had already had breakfast before she arrived at the hotel.(肯定形式)

→Jane had not yet had breakfast before she arrived at the hotel.(否定形式)

→Had Jane already had breakfast before she arrived at the hotel？(一般疑问句)