UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and Usage-【金版新学案】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书Word（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语现在完成时的被动语态这一核心语法点，通过“语法串烧”短文实例引导学生感知其构成（have/has been done），系统梳理概念、基本结构（肯定式、否定式等）、三大用法（过去动作对现在影响、持续被动状态、状语从句替代）及注意事项，搭配“巧学活用”练习形成从感知到应用的完整学习支架。 资料以3D打印等生活化话题短文引入，激发学习兴趣，通过对比现在完成时与一般过去时被动语态培养思维品质，核心词汇结合教材原句与写作应用提升语言能力。课时测评分基础与提升层，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生通过语法填空、语篇练习等查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and Usage　 ——现在完成时的被动语态　 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 语法串烧 我的发现 　　Within the next 80 years，our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.Many things in our lives ①have already been affected，right down to the food we eat.For instance，3D-printed hamburgers ②have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.But perhaps the most significant success that ③has been achieved to date is in medicine.Human body parts，including a beating heart，④have been made with 3D printing technology.And it is not just humans that are benefiting—in Brazil，a new 3D-printed shell ⑤has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire. 以上黑体部分是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是have/has been done；黑体部分的动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，表示“……已经被……”。 NO.1　概念 现在完成时表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。若动作与主语之间构成动宾关系，则用现在完成时的被动语态。 NO.2　基本结构 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done... 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done... 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？ 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？ (2023·全国甲卷)Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby，the research shows it is women now leading the charge. 虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好，但研究显示，现在是女性主导了这一潮流。 The construction of the bridge has not been finished. 桥的建设还没有完成。 Has the date for the next meeting been decided？ 下次会议的日期已决定了吗？ How long has the battery not been changed？ 电池多久没有更换了？ [巧学活用1] The children have already been told the good news. ①将上面的句子变为否定句。 The children haven't been told the good news yet. ②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。 Have the children been told the good news yet？ ③对上面句子的the children进行提问。 Who has been told the good news yet？ NO.3　用法 1．表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。 I have been told the sports meeting will be put off. 我已被告知运动会将要被推迟。(结果：现在我已经知道运动会要被推迟) All the preparations for the task have been done，and we're ready to start. 这项任务的一切准备都已就绪，我们准备好要开始了。(影响：我们现已具备开始的条件) 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。 The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已被修了两小时了。(持续：两小时前开始修，现在可能已经修好，也可能没有修好，还要继续修) She hasn't been heard from since then. 从那以后就没有她的消息了。(hear from是非持续动词短语，用在否定句中后可跟时间状语) [温馨提示]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already已经yet 已经 recently/lately最近 since then 从那时起 ever since自那以来 ever 曾经 so far/up to now/till now/until now迄今为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 by now到现在为止 in recent years在最近几年里 in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 3．在状语从句中，常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 I will go home when my homework has been finished. 当我的家庭作业已被完成时我就回家。(将来某时处于被完成的状态) [巧学活用2]——用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子 ①They have built many houses in the village in the past few years. →Many houses have been built in the village in the past few years. ②We have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years. →Many trees have been planted on the hill in the last 5 years. NO.4　注意事项 1．现在完成时的被动语态中have/has been不可漏掉。 The plan has been studied by the experts for three times. 这个计划已经由专家研究三次了。 The dirty clothes have been washed. 脏衣服已经被洗好了。 2．现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事与现在有联系；而一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过去有关，与现在没有关系。 The library has been built. 这座图书馆已经建好了。(图书馆可以用了) The library was built last year. 这座图书馆是去年建成的。(图书馆现在是否能用是未知的) 3．含有非延续性动词，如begin，start，buy，borrow，finish等的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词的现在完成时的被动语态的否定式则可以与for或since构成的时间状语连用。 The work has been finished for two days.(×) This book has not been borrowed since last week.(√) 4．动词短语用于现在完成时的被动语态时，动词后面的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。 The injured bird has been looked after since it was saved.(after不可漏掉) 受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。 [巧学活用3]——根据语境用适当的谓语形式填空 ①His company was set (set) up the year before last year. ②His company has been closed (close) for one year. 核心词汇练全 function n．功能；作用；机能 vi.起作用；正常工作；运转 (教材原句)They've built a kind of new PC with more functions.他们造了一种功能更丰富的新电脑。 function as起……作用；具有……功能 【佳句】 Firstly，my magic pen can function as a dictionary.(应用文写作之事物介绍) 首先，我的魔笔可以充当词典。 【练透】——完成句子 ①As you can see，the sofa also functions as a bed(具有床的功能). ②当谈及它的功能，它可以用来预测重大的疾病。 When it comes to its functions，it can be used to predict major diseases. confirm vt.确认；使确信 (教材原句)Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password？你确认过Wi-Fi密码了吗？ confirm sb in sth　　　　　　 使某人确信某事 It has been confirmed that... 已证实…… 【佳句】 I'm confirmed you will love the exhibition.Hope you won't miss the chance.(应用文写作之建议信) 我确信你会喜欢这个展览。希望你不会错过这个机会。 【练透】——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There was frost on the ground，confirming (confirm) that fall had arrived in Canada. ②The latest evidence confirmed me in (使我确信) his honesty. ③已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。 It has been confirmed that the conference will take place next week. press vt.按，压；敦促(pressure n．压力) (教材原句)Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file？你按这个按钮来拷贝文件吗？ press sb to do sth　　　 催促某人做某事 under pressure 在压力下 【佳句】 The teacher asked us to gently press the clay to form shapes during our art class.(应用文写作之活动介绍) 在艺术课上老师要求我们轻轻按压黏土以形成形状。 【练透】——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①They are pressing us to make (make) a quick decision. ②I'm writing to you，asking for help on how to relieve the pressure (press). ③即使在压力下，她仍然保持冷静和专注，轻松自信地解决了数学问题。 Even under pressure，she remained calm and focused，solving the math problem with ease and confidence. 课时测评11　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and Usage (时间：35分钟　满分：63分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．—Will Peterson come to our graduation ceremony(毕业典礼)？ —It's a pity.He has been sent (send) to India as a volunteer teacher. 2．It's said that a new software has been developed (develop).It will soon be on sale. 3．Since 1958，they have been recognised (recognise) as the national theatre of Israel. 4．Our classroom has been cleaned (clean).You needn't clean it now. 5．How many cars have been stuck (stick) since the accident happened？ 6．Three new schools have been opened (open) in our city in the past five years. 7．The child has been taken (take) care of by his grandma all these years. 8．Up to now，no conclusion has been reached (reach) about who should be awarded first prize. 9．Fire extinguishers(灭火器) are located on each floor.You can use them only if you have been trained (train) to do so. 10．Great changes have taken (take) place in my hometown and you can see that a lot of factories have been set (set) up. Ⅱ.语法与写作(每小题3分，共15分) 1．我们很高兴听说他已被北京大学录取了。 We are glad to hear that he has been admitted to/into Peking University． 2．何时何地去度假还没定下来。 When and where to go on holiday has not been decided yet． 3．纸币已经在世界上存在了1 000多年了。 Paper money has existed in the world for over one thousand years. 4．人们的健康已经受到了空气污染的极大影响。 People's health has been greatly affected by air pollution. 5．公司最近给了他一个去海外工作的机会。 →He has been given a chance to work abroad recently by the company． →A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently by the company． Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题2分，共8分) 用现在完成时的被动语态完成语段 As time went by，computers were made smaller.Since the 1970s，they 1have been used (已被用) in offices and homes，and at the same time many new applications 2have been found (已被发现).Besides，being important in communication，finance and trade，they 3have also been put into (也被放入) robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.They 4have even been put into (甚至已被放入)space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2026·福建省龙岩市高一期末检测) Kids who use social media score lower on reading and memory tests，compared to those who use little or no social media.The findings，published in JAMA，show a link between social media use and weaker cognition (认知) in teenagers. Led by Dr.Jason Nagata，the study used data from the Adolescent (青春期的) Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.This ongoing research has been tracking over 6，000 children from ages 9－10 into early teens.They divided kids into three groups based on their social media use habits: little to no use (58%)，gradual increase to about an hour daily by age 13 (37%)，and a “high increasing” group spending three or more hours daily by age 13 (5%).All groups took cognitive functioning tests，including reading and vocabulary tests. Importantly，even those using about one hour of social media daily performed 1 to 2 points lower on reading and memory tasks compared to non-users.The high-use group scored 4 to 5 points lower. Psychologist Sheri Madigan noted this “dosage effect” (剂量效应)—problems appear even with small doses.Though small now，these gaps may widen as teens increase social media use in later adolescence.And another recent research shows that hours on social media increase later in adolescence，notes Nagata.“We would expect that when they hit age 15，16，17，their use will be much higher，which might lead to even larger gaps in cognition and learning in later years，” he adds. Adolescence is an important period for brain development.Heavy social media users' brains become more sensitive to the kinds of likes，comments and rewards they might get from those of the same age.This may explain why their brains change less for other necessary learning tasks. The new study's findings strongly support the need for age-specific rules，such as age limits on social media apps.Denmark is not allowing kids under 15 to use it，and Australia is requiring companies to prevent accounts for those under 16.Madigan hopes this will create a beneficial “trickle effect” for children globally. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于社交媒体使用对青少年认知能力影响的研究，说明了使用社交媒体可能会削弱青少年的阅读、记忆力等认知能力，并介绍了研究过程、相关分析以及各国对此采取的措施。 1．What is the main finding of the study？ A．Short screen time hardly affects teens. B．Social media effects decrease later in teens. C．Social media use may weaken teen's cognition. D．Habits of kids' using social media are changing. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容“The findings，published in JAMA，show a link between social media use and weaker cognition(认知) in teenagers.”可知，该研究的主要发现是使用社交媒体可能会削弱青少年的认知能力。故选C。 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？ A．The method of the study. B．The purpose of the test. C．The results of the research. D．The application of the data. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了研究负责人、研究数据来源、研究对象数量、分组方式以及测试内容，这些都属于研究方法。故选A。 3．What does the phrase “dosage effect” suggest about social media？ A．It works just like medicine. B．Even small use causes problems. C．Its effects grow with years. D．Its effect keeps unchanged over time. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容“Psychologist Sheri Madigan noted this ‘dosage effect’ (剂量效应)—problems appear even with small doses.”可知，即使小剂量使用也会出现问题，“dosage effect”表明即使少量使用社交媒体也会造成不良影响。故选B。 4．What is Madigan's attitude towards the policies in some countries？ A．Positive. B．Concerned. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 答案：A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容“Madigan hopes this will create a beneficial ‘trickle effect’ for children globally.”可知，马迪根对一些国家出台的相关政策持积极支持态度。故选A。 B (2025·安徽省芜湖市高一检测) Maybe you've thought about taking a break from social media from time to time，but can you imagine living without social media or cellphones completely？ For the 182 people of Green Bank，West Virginia，modern conveniences like Wi-Fi，cellphones，microwaves，and even digital cameras are things of the outside world. Construction (建造) of the Green Bank Observatory (天文台) began in 1957.One year later，the government set up the National Radio Quiet Zone including the town of Green Bank.This town is next to the world's largest fully steerable radio telescope (可操纵射电望远镜)，which allows scientists to observe things like the stars in the sky.And in order for the radio telescope to listen to the most “distant (遥远的) voices of the universe”，it requires no interference (干扰) from the ground. The limitations (限用) on this town have allowed a return to a type of community connection that was common in the not-so-distant past.You can check out some of the discoveries the Green Bank Telescope has made on the website，where you can go deeper into all that scientists are finding in their studies and in the lives of the people of Green Bank.It is interesting to know that teens have little stress and everyone has a deeper connection to other people and the natural world. We can imagine what that would look like for us.Would we feel comfortable knocking on our neighbor's door to ask for a cup of sugar？ How often do we find ourselves focusing on our Facebook when the people we love are sitting all around us？ What could we get if we spent more time just in the quiet presence of others or just with ourselves and a good book？ Maybe we can't (or don't want to) disconnect Wi-Fi，but maybe，we can try disconnecting it for a few hours a day and see how we feel.We may discover a new way of living that better serves our minds and our relationships with one another. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国弗吉尼亚州西部格林班克镇人们没有使用Wi-Fi、手机等现代通讯设备的生活方式，并探讨了这种生活方式对当地人心理、社会联系以及生活质量的影响。 5．What is mentioned about the people of Green Bank？ A．They live a life without digital connections. B．They have no contact with the outside world. C．They don't like to keep in touch with other people. D．They fail to know the value of modern conveniences. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“For the 182 people ...things of the outside world.”可知，格林班克的人过着没有数字连接的生活。故选A。 6．Why did the government set up the National Radio Quiet Zone？ A．To create a beautiful place to attract tourists. B．To provide modern conveniences for the locals. C．To make sure the radio telescope works well. D．To offer a place for the public to study science. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“And in order for the radio telescope...from the ground.”可知，政府设立国家无线电静默区是为了确保射电望远镜运行良好。故选C。 7．What can we infer about the limitations on the town？ A．They make people less confident and unfriendly. B．They benefit local people mentally and socially. C．They help the young become more independent. D．They bring a lot of inconvenience to daily life. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The limitations...and the natural world.”可知，这些限制在心理和社会上对当地人是有益的，特别是青少年几乎没有压力，人与人之间有更深的联系。故选B。 8．What do the questions in Paragraph 4 suggest？ A．They encourage thoughts on our lifestyles. B．They cause the public to worry about future life. C．They remind people of the traditional life's benefits. D．They show people's desire to stay away from the Internet. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Would we feel comfortable... just with ourselves and a good book？”可知，文章中的问题鼓励读者反思自己的生活方式，思考如果减少对社交媒体的依赖，花更多时间和周围的人在一起或独自度过，会有什么改变。故选A。 Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) As an outstanding American gymnast(体操运动员)，Simone Biles has won more medals 1．_________any other gymnast in American history.Although Biles has made great achievements in sports，she had never received 2．_________college education before.But it has changed.Biles is a college student now. Biles had planned to go to the University of California Los Angeles，3．_________she could go into a classroom and listen to lessons in a traditional way，but her busy life made it nearly impossible 4．_________ (study) full-time at a university.So she 5．_________ (decide) to take some classes at the University of the People，an online university，which 6．_________ (set) up by Shai Reshef，an Israeli-born businessman.It offers degree programs of different levels.Now Biles is working hard to get her first degree，and she is 7．_________ (satisfy) with the online education though she hasn't had a traditional school experience since she went to high school.She was home-schooled during her high school years to save time for her gymnastic 8．_________ (train). The school's nontraditional methods are 9．_________ (particular) fit for Biles，and her hard-working spirit 10．_________ (shape) her gymnastic career will help her in her studies as well. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了美国体操运动员西蒙·拜尔斯通过上一所网上大学来获得大学学位的事情。 1．答案：than 解析：考查比较级。根据前面的more可知，此处应用连词than，表示比较。故填than。 2．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。此处表示泛指，用不定冠词，且空后的college发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 3．答案：where 解析：考查定语从句。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the University of California Los Angeles，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 4．答案：to study 解析：考查非谓语动词。make it impossible to do sth“使做某事不可能”，it是形式宾语，用动词不定式作真正的宾语，故填to study。 5．答案：decided 解析：考查动词的时态。该空表示发生在过去的动作，用一般过去时。故填decided。 6．答案：was set 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据后面的by可知，此处应用被动语态；表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时；从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致，用单数，故填was set。 7．答案：satisfied 解析：考查形容词。be satisfied with...“对……感到满意”，说明人的感受，用-ed形式形容词，故填satisfied。 8．答案：training 解析：考查名词。该空被gymnastic修饰，应用train的名词形式，故填training。 9．答案：particularly 解析：考查副词。该空修饰形容词fit，故用副词形式作状语，故填particularly。 10．答案：shaping 解析：考查非谓语动词。spirit和shape之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用动词-ing形式作后置定语。故填shaping。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $