Unit 1 Period Five Grammar(Word讲义)-【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册学生用书（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦动词不定式和-ed/-ing形容词两大核心语法点，系统梳理动词不定式从“to+动词原形”构成到作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补、状语的六种句法功能，以及-ed/-ing形容词由情感动词转化而来的特征及修饰对象差异，搭建从感知到应用的学习支架。 该资料以“人生选择”短文引入动词不定式“自主发现”环节，引导学生主动感知语法现象，培养学习能力。实战演练涵盖单句填空、句型训练及语篇语法填空，从基础到综合提升语言运用能力，其中动词不定式与-ed/-ing形容词的对比学习，助力学生形成分析比较的思维品质。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Period Five　Grammar 阅读以下有关“人生选择”的短文,感知加黑部分,并回答其后的问题。 Life is full of crossroads, so it is important for everyone ①to make a right choice. Some people hope ②to find a good career. Some people’s goal is ③to achieve happiness and satisfaction in whatever they do. Some people have a desire ④to help people in need. Our parents often encourage us ⑤to follow our dreams without hesitation. ⑥To make a wise choice, we should take time to consider all aspects carefully, because a wrong decision may lead to regrets later. 【自主发现】 以上语段中,①②③④⑤⑥均为动词不定式短语。其中,不定式①在句中作　　　　,it作形式主语;不定式②在句中作　　　　　;不定式③在句中作　　　　;不定式④在句中作　　　　,修饰名词desire;不定式⑤在句中作　　　　　;不定式⑥在句中作　　　　。  动词不定式 英语中, 动词不定式(infinitive)由“to+动词原形”构成,有时可以不带to。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。 一、作主语 1.动词不定式作主语表示具体的某一次动作,谓语动词通常用第三人称单数。如: To tell good information from bad is difficult. 很难把好的信息从坏的信息中分辨出来。 2.为保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式置于句末。如: It’s our duty to take good care of the old. 照顾好老人是我们的责任。 二、作宾语 1.英语中,有些动词后必须接不定式作宾语,这类动词常见的有agree, ask, attempt, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, volunteer, want, wish等。如: She had agreed to have dinner with him in town the following weekend. 她答应下个周末和他在城里共进晚餐。 2.动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语,要先用it作形式宾语,而将真正的不定式宾语后置。如: He really felt it an honour to win the championship in the international competition. 在国际比赛中获得冠军,他真的感到很荣幸。 三、作表语 不定式作表语常用来解释或说明主语要去做什么事。主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划等的词, 如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, goal, dream, job等。如: The goal is to raise as much money as possible. 目标是筹集到尽可能多的资金。 四、作定语 1.有些名词,如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way等,后面常接不定式作定语。如: We should develop the students’ ability to analyse and solve problems. 我们应该培养学生分析和解决问题的能力。 2.由only, first, last, next等序数词或形容词修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。如: He was not the first person to believe that the earth is round. 他并不是第一个相信地球是圆形的人。 3.不定式与其所修饰的词常构成逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。如: He has got a chair to sit on, but nobody to talk to. 他有一把椅子可坐, 但没人同他说话。 五、作宾语补足语 1.动词不定式可跟在宾语后面作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语在干什么。可接不定式作宾补的动词和动词短语常见的有advise, ask, allow, beg, cause, encourage, expect, invite, order, permit, remind, urge, warn, want, call on, depend on, rely on等。如: The teacher encouraged us to think independently as far as possible. 老师鼓励我们尽可能独立思考。 注意:在感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to,这类感官动词主要有see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch等。如: I saw the woman enter a bank. 我看见这位女士进了一家银行。 2.在变为被动语态时,这些不定式就成了主语补足语。如: She was not allowed to surf the Internet in her office. 她不被允许在办公室里上网。 六、作状语 1.不定式常用在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词,表示谓语动作发生的目的。如: To support his family, Uncle Li has taken up two part-time jobs. 为了养家糊口,李叔叔打两份零工。 2.某些表示情感变化的形容词,如happy, sorry, glad, excited, disappointed, shocked, satisfied, astonished等,后常接不定式作原因状语。如: Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again. 布朗太太看到她请人修过的洗衣机又坏了后感到非常失望。 【实战演练】 ●Ⅰ 单句填空 1.The girl was the first runner 　　　　　(pass) the finish line.  2.I wish 　　　　　(send) to work in Shanghai upon my graduation.  3.I’m going to the nursing home after school, for I have an old man 　　　　　(visit).  4.It is difficult for us 　　　　　　　(complete) the job in a quarter of an hour.  5.The interview gave him a chance 　　　　　(push) his latest movie.  6.He invited a few friends 　　　　　(come) over to his house after work.  7.　　　　　(make) sure I was safe and sound in the town, my parents gave me a phone call now and then.  8.Our original plan was 　　　　(see) a film at the cinema that afternoon.  9.He thought it would be safer 　　　　(go) by train.  10.We were not allowed 　　　　　(take) most of our personal belongings.  ●Ⅱ 句型训练 1.She pretended 　　　　　　　　　　　　when I passed by.  我走过的时候,她假装没看见我。 2.With 　　　　　　　　　　　, he didn’t go to the gym that night.  他那天晚上有很多工作要做,所以没去健身房。 3.The teacher happened 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　when I entered the office.  我走进办公室时,老师正好在批改我们的试卷。 4.He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　not only to excel in the exams but also to gain knowledge that would help him in his future career.  他发现学习很重要,不仅要在考试中取得优异成绩,还要获得对他未来职业生涯有帮助的知识。 5.I was out of breath when I finally arrived at school, 　　　　　　　　that it was Saturday.  当我终于到达学校时,我上气不接下气,结果发现那天是星期六。 -ed/-ing 形容词 英语里有许多表示“情绪变化”的动词,如interest, excite, disappoint, bore, delight, encourage, inspire, amuse, astonish, move, tire, surprise, please, satisfy, worry, puzzle, frighten等,它们有以下共同的特征: 1.这些词的原形一般是及物动词,表示“使某人或某物处于某种状态”。如interest(使感兴趣), please(使高兴), discourage(使泄气)等。如: The story interests us students. 这个故事使我们学生很感兴趣。 2.这类动词的-ed形式作为形容词,常修饰人,描述人的情感,汉语意思是“感到/觉得……”。 如: Michael is tired and he has to rest after his long trip. 迈克尔累了,他在长途旅行以后不得不休息。 3.这类动词的-ing形式作为形容词,多修饰物,表示事物的状态或特征,汉语意思是“令人/使人……的”。 如: They waited and waited for something exciting to happen. 他们等啊等,等待着激动人心的事情发生。 [温馨提示] 如果被修饰的是facial expression (面部表情), voice (声音), smile (微笑), cry (哭声), appearance (外貌)等名词时,通常用-ed形式的形容词。如: He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 【实战演练】 ●Ⅰ 单句填空 1.The 　　　　(annoy) person made me 　　　　(annoy).  2.Everyone was 　　　　(move) by the 　　　　(move) story.  3.Another way you can get 　　　　　(inspire) is to listen to a piece of 　　　　　(inspire) music you enjoy.  4.Tom sounds very much 　　　　　　　　　(interest) in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.  5.Poor boy! His 　　　　　　(frighten) look and shaking hands suggested that he was 　　　　(scare).  6.Walking exercise may be 　　　　　(bore) at times but early on a clear sunny morning there can be nothing finer.  ●Ⅱ 句型训练 1.Faced with the current 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, human beings have no alternative but to cooperate with each other to tackle the crisis.  面对令人担忧的海洋现状,人类别无选择,只能相互合作应对这一危机。 2.He won’t be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  除非你给他一个满意的答案,否则他不会满意的。 3.The teacher’s explanation was 　　　　　. Most of the students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (confuse)  老师的解释令人困惑。大多数学生感到更加困惑了。 4.It must have been a really 　　　　　　　　　. Everyone had a 　　　　　　on their face. (shock)  这一定是一次非常令人震惊的经历。每个人的脸上都露出了震惊的表情。 5.I was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　yesterday.  昨天当妈妈告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时,我非常兴奋。 ●Ⅲ 语篇语法填空 High school is the most important time of a person’s life. My own experience has been full 1.　　　　　　 more laughter, stress, and—most importantly, growth—than I ever could have expected.  The lessons I have learned about the world in the last three years have shaped who I 2.　　　　(be) today, and that person is far from the inexperienced 14-year-old girl who walked through those glass 3.　　　　　(door) of the teaching building nearly three years ago.  As a freshman, my struggle began with adapting to (适应) what felt like a whole new world. I was eager to make friends. I knew 4.　　　　 it was like to feel lonely in a school with so many strangers. I felt like I had to act a certain way or be a certain person 5.　　　　　(get) close to people in my classes or on my soccer team.  Every day, in my head was how I could manage to make 6.　　　　(I) look like someone with more friends than I 7.　　 　　(actual) had at the time.  At the end of my freshman year and into the next, I had 8.　　　　 good time. School wasn’t particularly 9.　　　　　　(challenge), and I was spending my weekends having fun with my friends and going to basketball games. I had finally created a routine and felt mostly 10.　　　　(satisfy) with my life.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Period Five　Grammar 语法探究 主语;宾语;表语;定语;宾语补足语;状语 语法归纳 【实战演练】 ●Ⅰ 1.to pass　2.to be sent　3.to visit　4.to complete 5.to push　6.to come　7.To make　8.to see　9.to go 10.to take ●Ⅱ 1.not to have seen me　2.a lot of work to do 3.to be correcting our papers　4.found it important to study 5.only to find 词法归纳 【实战演练】 ●Ⅰ 1.annoying; annoyed　2.moved; moving　3.inspired; inspiring　4.interested　5.frightened; scared　6.boring ●Ⅱ 1.worrying situation of the oceans 2.satisfied unless you give him a satisfying answer 3.confusing; felt even more confused 4.shocking experience; shocked look 5.very excited when Mother told me the exciting news ●Ⅲ 【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要回忆了作者的高中生活以及前后的心理变化。 1.of　考查介词。此处意为“充满了”,表达为be full of,故填of。 2.am　考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处作从句的谓语动词,I为主语,根据时间状语today可知,应用一般现在时,故填am。 3.doors　考查名词复数。door为可数名词,根据空前的those可知,应用名词的复数形式,故填doors。 4.what　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少like的宾语,且意为“什么”,故应用what引导,故填what。 5.to get　考查动词不定式。此处表示“我以某种方式行事或成为一个特定的人是为了接近班上或足球队里的人”,应用动词不定式,作目的状语,故填to get。 6.myself　考查代词。此处作make的宾语,且主语为I,应用反身代词myself作宾语,故填myself。 7.actually　考查副词。空处修饰动词had,应用副词actually“实际上”,作状语,故填actually。 8.a　考查冠词。此处意为“玩得开心”,表达为have a good time,故填a。 9.challenging　考查形容词。此处作表语,主语为school,应用形容词challenging“有挑战性的”,故填challenging。 10.satisfied　考查形容词。此处意为“对……满意”,表达为feel satisfied with,应用形容词satisfied,作表语,故填satisfied。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $