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新教材同步 听说微模块 | 2026-2027学年 高一 上学期 英语 人教版 必修一
Unit 1 Teenage Life Listening and Talking + 未来计划表达 (学生版)
第二讲 说"未来计划",先判断再选词
开场:一个"打算"的四种重量
汉语里一个"打算",英语里对应好几个词。随口说说的打算、早就安排好的打算、下定决心要做的打算、满怀期待的打算——各自的重量不同,用词也不同。如果只会一个 will,说到"早已决定的事"和"临场起意的念头"就成了一个味道,意思就糊了。
拿到一个语境,先掂量"这个计划的重量有多重",再决定用哪个词——这一讲练的就是这个判断。判断力是能带走的本事,词表背完就忘。
动手之前先立住本讲两个重难点:其一,be going to 与 will 的根本区别——不在时态,在"这个决定什么时候做的",这是选择题和语篇里最常设的陷阱;其二,把"确定度"变成判断动作——拿到语境先定位计划有多确定,再选词,练成条件反射。至于"动词 + to do"结构,是必须拿满的基础分。
先做一个判断练习,看看现在对"打算"的感知:
下面三个句子,哪个"计划"的确定性最高?哪个最低?
A. 我打算学理科。(长期规划)
B. 我打算下午去图书馆。(今天之内)
C. 我今天打算吃个三明治。(临时随口)
想一想:这三句的计划,按确定性从高到低该怎么排序?你的判断依据是什么?________________________________________________
这份直觉人人都有,可一上考卷就失灵——卷面是给你一个词,让你反推出计划有多确定,跟生活里正好反过来。
一、判断的标尺:确定度 × 正式度
确定度——这个计划有多确定?一端是随口说说,一端是铁板钉钉,中间是一条连续轴。确定度高的表达(如 be going to / plan to)用在已有具体安排的计划上;确定度低的表达(如 will / want to)用在临时起意或随口一说的场合。
正式度——这个表达有多正式?一端是日常口语,一端是书面正式,同样是一条连续轴。正式度高的表达(如 intend to / expect to)用在书面语或正式场合;正式度低的表达(如 want to / will)用在日常口语。
把本讲涉及的表达放到这两个轴上定位:
表达
确定度
正式度
核心判断信号
be going to do
高(已有安排/迹象)
中
看到迹象/已有安排/早有打算
be about to do
最高(即刻发生)
中
马上要发生,常用于口语
intend to do
较高(意图明确)
高(偏书面正式)
主观意图强,决心感强
plan to do
高(有具体计划)
中
做了具体安排,时间地点定好
expect to do
中高(带预期)
中高
预期会发生,有依据
hope to do
中(愿望)
中
偏愿望,未必有具体安排
want to do
中(意愿)
低(口语化)
直说"想要",日常口语
will do
低-中(临时决定)
低-中
临场决定/意愿表达/预测
把确定度拉成一条"随口"到"铁板"的光谱,表达自然分出层次:最低端是 will——临场起意,决定就在说出口这一刻做出;往上是 want to——想要,但未必有安排;再往上是 hope to——愿望,期待但不打包票;接着是 expect to——有依据的预期;再往上 plan to / be going to——安排已定;最顶端是 be about to——马上发生,一秒都不能等。背这条顺序没意义,你要看懂的是:英语用不同词,各守各的确定度——精确标注"这个计划到底有多确定"。说话人选哪个词,就是他对这件事把握程度的真实刻度。
遇到一个表达未来计划的句子,先问自己两个问题。第一问:这个计划有多确定?——随口说说的?早有安排的?铁板钉钉的?第二问:这个语境有多正式?——日常聊天?课堂发言?书面作文?两问问完,该用哪个词,心里就有数了。
第一问:这个计划有多确定?用三步问清楚——①是"说出口这一刻才决定"的,还是"之前就想好了"的?②只停在"想"(愿望),还是有具体安排(哪天、去哪)?③是主观猜测,还是有客观迹象或证据撑着?三步答完,确定度高低自己就出来;越高,越往 be going to / plan to / intend to 走。
第二问:这个语境有多正式?看场合定——跟同学闲聊、回答老师口头提问,是口语场合,want to / will 自然顺耳;写作文、正式发言、书面表达,是正式场合,intend to / expect to 更稳妥。场合一换,选词也跟着换。
就这两问。问完,选词不再纠结。
一个结构共性:抓住"to do"这个骨架
观察上面表格,有一个明显规律:除 be going to 外,其余所有表达都是"动词 + to do"结构。want to do, plan to do, hope to do, intend to do, expect to do, would like to do——to 后一律接动词原形。
【必考】写"打算做某事"的句子,先定主语,再定表达,最后查 to 后是不是动词原形——语法填空就在这里设空。
这个规律可以推广到所有"动词 + to do"结构。不单这一组,ask to do, agree to do, decide to do, refuse to do 等也都遵循同样的结构。
热身:根据"确定度"选词填空
从 going / hope / plan / want 中选最合适的词,用适当形式填入。
1. I am ______ to join the science club this term.(已有安排,确定度高)
2. She ______ to travel to Beijing during the summer holiday.(有计划,但未必完全确定)
3. They ______ to improve their spoken English by practising every day.(愿望,偏中)
4. He ______ to become an engineer in the future.(长期愿望,但未必有具体计划)
二、听力中的"计划信号":该听什么
听力训练要带着预期去听,光"竖起耳朵"不够。谈未来计划的对话,最该留意的是两类词。这两类词出现的地方,就是答案所在的区域。
第一类:时间词——决定"何时做"
this afternoon, next week, tomorrow, in two months, on Friday, at four, this weekend, by the end of, before dinner, after school, on Wednesday
听到时间词,标记"计划的时间点"。时间词是听力中判断"这个计划是什么时候"的关键信号。
第二类:计划动词——决定"做什么"
plan, decide, hope, intend, be going to, will, would like, want, expect, wish
听到计划动词,标记"计划的内容"。计划动词决定了"做什么",通常后面跟着动词原形或名词。
时间词在前决定"何时",计划动词在后决定"做什么"——一前一后把计划交代清楚,这两类词出现的地方就是答案所在区域。
微技能练习:看选项,猜设问
看下面四个选项,先判断这道题可能问什么:
A. In the library. B. On the sports field. C. At the school gate. D. At the canteen.
可能问:____________________
想一想:这道题可能问什么?四个选项都是地点名词,设问类型应是:____________________
另一个练习:看选项,猜设问
A. At 3:00. B. At 4:00. C. At 5:00. D. At 6:00.
可能问:____________________
想一想:这道题可能问什么?四个选项都是时间,设问类型应是:____________________
三、教师朗读稿实战:用判断线核对你的选词
这段对话专为本讲设计:A、B 两个角色身上刻意铺了一组"确定度由低到高"的计划动词梯队(planning to → going to → intend to → hope to),还埋了一处"计划赶不上变化"——本想加入乐部,因时间冲突改选篮球。听的时候既要抓词,也要盯住 but 后的转折。
听力材料采用【教师朗读稿】替代音频方案。先通读文稿建立文本印象,特别是标注出里面的时间词和计划动词;再合上文稿,由教师按正常语速朗读一遍,学生完成后面的听力理解题。
【教师朗读稿】
A: Hi, Li Hua. What are you going to do after school this afternoon?
B: I am planning to go to the library. There is a book fair, and I want to pick up a novel.
A: A book fair? That sounds nice. Are you going to buy anything else?
B: Maybe a dictionary. My English teacher recommended a good one last week. What about you?
A: I am going to stay on the sports field. The basketball team has training at four.
B: Oh, you are on the team now? I thought you wanted to join the music club.
A: I did plan to, but the music club only meets on Wednesdays, and I have advanced maths then. So I chose basketball instead.
B: That makes sense. By the way, what do you hope to do when you graduate?
A: I intend to study medicine. My uncle is a doctor, and I want to be like him.
B: That is a big goal. I hope to study English literature, but I will decide after the mid-term exam.
材料里时间词(this afternoon, at four, on Wednesdays)和计划动词(planning to, want to, going to, intend to, hope to, will)密集出现,就是前面刚练过的抓取对象。建议听三遍:第一遍抓大意,第二遍对答案,第三遍核对细节。
听力理解题(听完教师朗读后作答)
Task 1 判断正误(T / F):
1. Li Hua is going to the library to buy a dictionary this afternoon.
2. The boy is going to the music club on Wednesday afternoon.
3. The boy wants to be a doctor like his uncle in the future.
Task 2 信息填空(每空一词):
4. Li Hua wants to buy a ______ and a ______ at the book fair.
5. The basketball team training starts at ______ o'clock.
6. The boy chose ______ instead of the music club.
Task 3 单项选择:
7. Why did not the boy join the music club?
A. Because he dislikes music.
B. Because the club time conflicts with his advanced maths class.
C. Because his uncle advised him not to join.
D. Because the club had already been full.
8. What does Li Hua hope to study in the future?
A. Medicine. B. English literature. C. Computer science. D. Art.
四、从听到说:逐条验证你的判断
现在沿这条判断线,把对话里每个"未来计划"表达逐一过一遍,看选对没有。每个表达附两个新例句,帮你体会语气差别。
1. be going to do —— 确定度高,已有安排
对话中:"What are you going to do after school?"——问的是"已有安排"的计划,用 be going to 最合适。如果换成 will,就成了"你等下会做什么?"——语气从"问安排"变成了"问意愿",意思就变了。
例句:She is going to take part in the school singing contest next month.(已有安排,确定度高)
例句:Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.(有迹象,自然推导,不需要人安排)
什么时候用 be going to 最稳?句子里有 already / have arranged / next week 这类明确安排,或眼前有看得见的迹象(dark clouds、crowd),就用它——be going to 背后站着"这件事已经在我脑子里定好了"。
2. plan to do / planning to —— 确定度高,有具体计划
对话中:"I am planning to go to the library."——planning to 比 going to 更强调"有具体计划"(知道去哪个图书馆、做什么)。
例句:The class plans to visit the science museum next Friday.(有具体计划,时间地点都定了)
plan to 的底气是"说得清细节"——哪天、去哪、跟谁、做什么能报出具体安排才用它;只停在"想"、报不出细节,就退回 want to / hope to。
3. want to do —— 确定度中,表达意愿
对话中:"I want to pick up a novel."——最口语化,直说想做什么,没有强调"计划好了"的意味。
例句:He wants to learn a second foreign language this year.(主观意愿,不一定有具体安排)
want to 最口语、最轻,只表达"此刻想要",没承诺一定做。听到 I want to...,后面接的往往是临时想起的事,不在日程上。
4. hope to do —— 确定度中,愿望色彩浓
对话中:"I hope to study English literature."——强调"希望",未必有具体计划,偏主观愿望。
例句:I hope to become fluent in English before I graduate.(愿望,偏主观,没有具体安排)
hope to 把话说得最软,落在"希望、期待",谈不上"保证"。I hope to... 后面往往跟着一件未必达成的事,所以常和 but 搭着用:I hope to finish it by Friday, but...。
5. intend to do —— 确定度较高,正式书面
对话中:"I intend to study medicine."——比 plan 更正式,决心感更强。
例句:The school intends to open more optional courses next term.(书面语常见)
intend to 自带正式和决心,书面语、正式发言里多见,强调的是"主观上打定主意"。The government intends to... 这种主宾是机构、话题是政策的句子里最典型。
6. would like to do —— 确定度中,客气委婉
例句:I would like to try out for the school newspaper.(表愿望时比 want 更委婉客气)
would like to 是把"想要"包了一层客气——邀请、提议、想做什么先说 would like to,比 I want to 委婉,也更容易让对方接受。
7. expect to do —— 确定度中高,带预期
例句:They expect to finish the project by the end of this month.(预期会发生,比 hope 更有把握)
expect to 是"有把握的预期"——不靠空想,靠进度、经验推算。They expect to finish by the end of the month,背后已经能估出完工时间。
【撞墙】be going to 与 will 的根本区别
这个坑几乎每届都有人踩:一看到"将来"就本能地写 will,把早就定好的事也说成了临时起意。
先看两个句子,感受区别:
句1:— The phone is ringing. — I will answer it.
句2:The sky is getting dark. It is going to rain.
两句都表"将来",可区别压根不在时态,在"这个决定是什么时候做的"。
句1中,电话铃响时,说话人"此刻"才决定去接——这是临时决定,用 will。
句2中,天变黑是"迹象",说话人根据迹象推导出马上就要下雨——这是基于迹象的判断,用 be going to。
把 will 看全:它至少管三件事——①临场决定(The phone is ringing. I will answer it.);②主观意愿、承诺(I will help you with your homework.);③对未来的推测(I think it will rain tomorrow.)。be going to 管两件事——①早有安排(I am going to visit my grandmother this weekend.);②有迹象的推断(It is going to rain, for the sky is dark.)。区分的关键永远在"这个决定或判断的根据是什么":凭眼前刚发生的(铃响)→ will;凭早已定好的或看得见的迹象→ be going to。
判断方法:问自己——这个决定是"一分钟前就想好的"还是"现在才决定的"?一分钟前就想好的 → be going to;现在才决定的 → will。
更多对比:
— I am going to visit my grandmother this weekend.(早就安排好的)
— I will call you when I get home.(回到家才做,临场决定)
— I am going to buy a new phone.(已经决定要买,有计划)
— I will buy this one.(当场决定买这个)
【撞墙】plan to 与 intend to 的微妙差别
两者都可表"计划",但语境不同。plan to 更日常,"我计划周末去图书馆"——说 plan to 没问题。intend to 更正式,强调主观意图,"政府打算提高教育投入"——说 intend to 更合适。
判断:口语里 plan to 用得多,书面语里 intend to 更常见。学生作文中,日常话题用 plan to 即可,正式话题(如职业规划、学校政策)用 intend to 更贴切。
句型转换练习(保持句意不变)
1. I intend to study medicine in the future.
→ I ______ ______ to study medicine in the future.(用 be going to)
2. She hopes to travel around the world.
→ She ______ ______ to travel around the world.(用 would like to 表达相近意思,语气从"希望"转为"愿意")
3. They plan to set up a reading corner in the classroom.
→ They ______ ______ set up a reading corner in the classroom.(用 be going to)
五、开口表达:按判断来选词
听力是输入,开口是输出。把学到的东西说出口,才算真掌握。说之前,先问自己两个问题:
第一问:我的这个计划有多确定?
第二问:这个语境有多正式?
问完,再去选词。
任务一:补全对话——根据"确定度提示"选词
A: Hi, Wang Fang. What are you ______ to do this weekend?(已有安排)
B: I am ______ to visit my grandparents in the countryside.(已有安排)
A: That sounds great. Are you going to stay long?
B: Just two days. I ______ to come back on Sunday evening.(有具体计划)
任务二:情景表达——根据"确定度"写句子
1. 打算选理科。(已有安排,确定度高)
________________________________________________
2. 希望提高英语成绩。(愿望,确定度中)
________________________________________________
3. 计划加入学校篮球队。(有具体计划,确定度高)
________________________________________________
4. 愿意参加志愿服务。(客气表达,确定度中)
________________________________________________
只要"动词 + to do"结构正确、句意通顺,这句就成立了。写完回头看一眼 to 后是不是动词原形——最丢分的就是这一处。
六、综合检验
综合题一:语法填空(按高考语法填空形态命制,5 空考点覆盖 be+doing、be going to 主谓一致、hope to do、intend to do、be going to do——刚好对应本讲"to do 结构 + be going to"两个考点;第1空易、第5空难,逐空有梯度)
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Li Hua is a freshman at a senior high school. She is (1) ______ (plan) to choose science in the future because she finds physics interesting. At the moment, she (2) ______ (be) going to join the school science club, where students do experiments every Thursday. She also hopes (3) ______ (become) a doctor one day, just like her mother. "I intend (4) ______ (work) hard at school, and I am going (5) ______ (read) more books about medicine," she says.
综合题二:单项选择(按难度分层:第1–2题基础,考基本判断;第3–4题中档,考 to do 结构与语境转;第5题挑战,考时刻表时态这个高频易错点)
1. — Have you decided what to do this weekend?
— Yes. I ______ a hiking trip with my friends on Saturday.
A. take B. took C. am going to take D. have taken
2. She ______ to improve her oral English by speaking more in class every day.
A. is hoping B. hopes C. hoped D. has hoped
3. The students plan ______ a volunteer group to help the elderly in the community.
A. to set up B. setting up C. set up D. to setting up
4. — I hear you are going to join the art club.
— I ______, but the club time overlaps with my chemistry class.
A. plan to B. planned to C. will D. would like
5. The next train ______ in ten minutes.
A. is going to leave B. leaves C. left D. will leave
综合题三:短文填空(6 空由易到难设梯度:第1–2空基础,考将来时与 plan 搭配;第3–5空中档,考 hope to / should 情态 / be going to 结构;第6空挑战,考语篇衔接,需联系前后语义)
用所给词的适当形式填空,或填入一个适当的词。
Next month, our school (1) ______ (hold) a culture festival. Many students are going to take part in it. Li Mei (2) ______ (plan) to perform a dance, while her friend Zhang Qiang hopes (3) ______ (play) the guitar. The teacher says everyone should (4) ______ (be) ready before the festival. "I am going (5) ______ (practise) every evening," says Li Mei. (6) ______, joining the festival is not only fun but also a good chance to make new friends.
七、易错点排查:丢分重灾区
把本讲最容易出错的几处单拎出来,逐条排查。每一处都是历届学生踩过的坑,提前排掉,考试少丢分。
易错点一:will 与 be going to 混用
已经决定好的事用 be going to,临场起意的念头用 will。看到题干暗示"已有安排、早有打算",优先 be going to;看到"临时决定",用 will。
早有安排 going to,临场起意用 will——记住这个判断,考试不丢分。
如果题干提到"已经定好了"(already decided / have arranged),答案几乎一定是 be going to。
易错点二:to do 结构写错
hope / want / plan / intend / would like / expect 后一律接 to do,不能接 to doing 或 doing。写完检查 to 后是不是动词原形。
错误示例:❌ She hopes studying abroad. → ✅ She hopes to study abroad.
错误示例:❌ He intends studying medicine. → ✅ He intends to study medicine.
易错点三:be going to 的 be 动词漏写或错写
be going to 里那个 be 不能省,且要随主语变化:I am going to, She is going to, They are going to。
错误示例:❌ She going to join the club. → ✅ She is going to join the club.
易错点四:听力里把时间词听漏
谈计划时,at four, this afternoon, next week 这些时间词决定"何时做",一旦听漏,地点、活动判断就失去依据。听第二遍专抓时间词。
易错点五(高频易错):时刻表场合别急着用 be going to
火车、飞机、上课、商店营业这类"按时刻表运行"的事,英语习惯用一般现在时,不借助 will 或 be going to:The train leaves at 6:30. The store opens at 9. 这类句子虽然讲的是将来发生的事,但因为事件有固定时刻表,说话人把它当作"既定事实"来陈述,所以用一般现在时。判断信号:主语是交通工具或课程、营业场所 + 出现具体时间点 → 优先用一般现在时。它和 be going to 的"按个人计划即将发生"不是一回事——那是主观安排,时刻表是客观规定。
排查小练
选出有误的一项并改正:
1. A. I am going to visit my aunt next Sunday.
B. She hopes studying abroad.
C. They plan to open a book club.
2. A. He is going to take a maths lesson.
B. I would like to join the club.
C. She intends studying medicine.
八、写作迁移:用"未来计划"表达写一段话
把本讲的表达用进写作,才算真正掌握。以下是一篇范文,用到了多种"未来计划"表达,可以感受不同表达在同一个段落中的配合使用。
范文:我的高中规划
I am a freshman at a senior high school. The new school life is a big challenge, but I am going to make the most of it. First, I plan to choose science because I find physics and chemistry interesting. My teacher recommended that I should take advanced maths, and I intend to follow his advice. I also hope to improve my English by reading one English book every month. Besides, I would like to join the school basketball team. I know it is not easy, but I expect to work hard and make progress every day. I believe that with a clear plan, I will have a fruitful high school life.
这段话用了 am going to(定好计划)、plan to(具体安排)、intend to(决心)、hope to(愿望)、would like to(客气意愿)、expect to(预期)、will(信心表达)——七个不同的表达在同一个段落中自然交替。
七个表达为什么能在一个段落里自然共存?因为它们各守各的确定度:开头讲"已经定好的计划"用 am going to;具体安排用 plan to;决心用 intend to;愿望用 hope to;礼貌意愿用 would like to;有依据的预期用 expect to;结尾表达信心用 will。一句话用哪个,看说话人对这件事的把握——把握高用确定度高的词,把握低用确定度低的词。落到写作上,每个词都要精确对上你的把握程度,堆词炫技在这里派不上用场。
检查标准:写完后数一数用了几个不同的"未来计划"表达。如果通篇只有 will,说明还停留在"只会一个"的阶段。如果用了三个以上,说明已经开始有意识地选词了。
九、跨讲联动:阅读中的"未来计划"表达
第一讲学了略读,第二讲学了"未来计划"表达。两讲看似独立,实则在考场中经常联动——阅读文章里大量出现 be going to / plan to / hope to / intend to 等表达,而这些表达恰恰是判断文章态度和结构的重要信号。
例如,在阅读中看到:
"The government intends to raise the minimum wage next year."——intend to 暗示这是一个正式的、有决心的计划,文章态度可能是"支持的、积极的"。
"I hope to find a solution to the problem."——hope to 暗示愿望但未必有具体方案,文章可能还在"探索阶段"。
"The company is going to launch a new product in March."——be going to 暗示已有安排,文章可能进入"具体实施阶段"。
阅读里看到"未来计划"表达,帮你看懂句子本身,还能据此判断段落的态度、文章的发展方向——两讲的知识在考场上正好搭着用。
本讲回顾
这一讲从"一个打算的四种重量"起步,立起"确定度×正式度"这根判断的标尺。要练的始终是判断,词表只是抓手:
第一,拿到一个语境,先判断"这个计划的确定度有多高"。随口一说→临时决定→已有安排→铁板钉钉,各自对应不同的表达。
第二,再判断"这个语境有多正式"。日常聊天→课堂发言→书面作文,正式度不同,选词也不同。
第三,不管选哪个词,检查"动词 + to do"结构是否写对。
听力实战验证了这根标尺,又在"撞墙"处掰开了 be going to 与 will 的核心差别——差别不在时态,在"临场起意 vs 早有安排"。
今后谈计划,词库里不再只有 will。先问"多确定?多正式?",再选词,选完检查 to do 结构。这个判断习惯一旦形成,写"打算"类句子就不会再出错。
十、考场实战:听力中的"未来计划"题专项训练
高考听力中,涉及"未来计划"的题目几乎每次必出。以下专项训练,帮你在考场中快速识别并作答。
题型一:What will the speaker do?
这是最常见的"未来计划"提问方式。听到这种问题,竖起耳朵抓计划动词和时间词。
例题:
W: Are you free this Saturday? There is a new movie on.
M: I am going to visit my grandparents this Saturday, but I might be free on Sunday.
Q: What will the man do this Saturday?
A. See a movie. B. Visit his grandparents. C. Stay at home.
题型二:Where will the speaker go?
听到地点类设问,专等地点名词。
例题:
M: I am going to the library after school. What about you?
W: I intend to stay in the classroom and finish my homework.
Q: Where does the woman plan to go after school?
A. The library. B. The classroom. C. The sports field.
题型三:When will the speaker...?
听到时间类设问,专等时间词。
例题:
W: When are you going to hand in the report?
M: I plan to finish it by Friday, but I hope to get it done by Thursday.
Q: When does the man plan to finish the report?
A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Friday.
做题前,四条先记牢:
1. 提前阅读选项,判断是"什么"类(What / Where / When / Why)设问。
2. 确定设问类型后,专抓对应的关键词(计划动词/地点词/时间词)。
3. 注意"计划赶不上变化"——对话中常有"but"后面才是真正的计划。
4. 听到 I plan to / I am going to / I intend to 等表达,后面就是答案所在。
考场上每道题播放前都有一段读题时间。别发呆,用它快速扫选项,判断设问类型(What/Where/When/Why/Who),再带着预期去听。
把这些策略练熟,"未来计划"题就从丢分点变成了送分题。
这一讲要养成的,是"先判断、再选词"的思维习惯。
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新教材同步 听说微模块 | 2026-2027学年 高一 上学期 英语 人教版 必修一
Unit 1 Teenage Life Listening and Talking + 未来计划表达 (教师版)
第二讲 说"未来计划",先判断再选词
开场:一个"打算"的四种重量
汉语里一个"打算",英语里对应好几个词。随口说说的打算、早就安排好的打算、下定决心要做的打算、满怀期待的打算——各自的重量不同,用词也不同。如果只会一个 will,说到"早已决定的事"和"临场起意的念头"就成了一个味道,意思就糊了。
拿到一个语境,先掂量"这个计划的重量有多重",再决定用哪个词——这一讲练的就是这个判断。判断力是能带走的本事,词表背完就忘。
动手之前先立住本讲两个重难点:其一,be going to 与 will 的根本区别——不在时态,在"这个决定什么时候做的",这是选择题和语篇里最常设的陷阱;其二,把"确定度"变成判断动作——拿到语境先定位计划有多确定,再选词,练成条件反射。至于"动词 + to do"结构,是必须拿满的基础分。
先做一个判断练习,看看现在对"打算"的感知:
下面三个句子,哪个"计划"的确定性最高?哪个最低?
A. 我打算学理科。(长期规划)
B. 我打算下午去图书馆。(今天之内)
C. 我今天打算吃个三明治。(临时随口)
大多数人凭直觉就能排出来:A最确定(长期规划,但未必有具体安排),B也很确定(今天之内,有具体安排),C最随口(临时决定)。这份直觉,就是英语区分表达的关键——关键不在语法规则,在"这个计划的确定性有多高"、"是按排好的还是临时起意的"。
这份直觉人人都有,可一上考卷就失灵——卷面是给你一个词,让你反推出计划有多确定,跟生活里正好反过来。
一、判断的标尺:确定度 × 正式度
确定度——这个计划有多确定?一端是随口说说,一端是铁板钉钉,中间是一条连续轴。确定度高的表达(如 be going to / plan to)用在已有具体安排的计划上;确定度低的表达(如 will / want to)用在临时起意或随口一说的场合。
正式度——这个表达有多正式?一端是日常口语,一端是书面正式,同样是一条连续轴。正式度高的表达(如 intend to / expect to)用在书面语或正式场合;正式度低的表达(如 want to / will)用在日常口语。
把本讲涉及的表达放到这两个轴上定位:
表达
确定度
正式度
核心判断信号
be going to do
高(已有安排/迹象)
中
看到迹象/已有安排/早有打算
be about to do
最高(即刻发生)
中
马上要发生,常用于口语
intend to do
较高(意图明确)
高(偏书面正式)
主观意图强,决心感强
plan to do
高(有具体计划)
中
做了具体安排,时间地点定好
expect to do
中高(带预期)
中高
预期会发生,有依据
hope to do
中(愿望)
中
偏愿望,未必有具体安排
want to do
中(意愿)
低(口语化)
直说"想要",日常口语
will do
低-中(临时决定)
低-中
临场决定/意愿表达/预测
把确定度拉成一条"随口"到"铁板"的光谱,表达自然分出层次:最低端是 will——临场起意,决定就在说出口这一刻做出;往上是 want to——想要,但未必有安排;再往上是 hope to——愿望,期待但不打包票;接着是 expect to——有依据的预期;再往上 plan to / be going to——安排已定;最顶端是 be about to——马上发生,一秒都不能等。背这条顺序没意义,你要看懂的是:英语用不同词,各守各的确定度——精确标注"这个计划到底有多确定"。说话人选哪个词,就是他对这件事把握程度的真实刻度。
遇到一个表达未来计划的句子,先问自己两个问题。第一问:这个计划有多确定?——随口说说的?早有安排的?铁板钉钉的?第二问:这个语境有多正式?——日常聊天?课堂发言?书面作文?两问问完,该用哪个词,心里就有数了。
第一问:这个计划有多确定?用三步问清楚——①是"说出口这一刻才决定"的,还是"之前就想好了"的?②只停在"想"(愿望),还是有具体安排(哪天、去哪)?③是主观猜测,还是有客观迹象或证据撑着?三步答完,确定度高低自己就出来;越高,越往 be going to / plan to / intend to 走。
第二问:这个语境有多正式?看场合定——跟同学闲聊、回答老师口头提问,是口语场合,want to / will 自然顺耳;写作文、正式发言、书面表达,是正式场合,intend to / expect to 更稳妥。场合一换,选词也跟着换。
就这两问。问完,选词不再纠结。
一个结构共性:抓住"to do"这个骨架
观察上面表格,有一个明显规律:除 be going to 外,其余所有表达都是"动词 + to do"结构。want to do, plan to do, hope to do, intend to do, expect to do, would like to do——to 后一律接动词原形。
【必考】写"打算做某事"的句子,先定主语,再定表达,最后查 to 后是不是动词原形——语法填空就在这里设空。
这个规律可以推广到所有"动词 + to do"结构。不单这一组,ask to do, agree to do, decide to do, refuse to do 等也都遵循同样的结构。
热身:根据"确定度"选词填空
从 going / hope / plan / want 中选最合适的词,用适当形式填入。
1. I am ______ to join the science club this term.(已有安排,确定度高)
→ 填 going(be going to 表已有安排)
2. She ______ to travel to Beijing during the summer holiday.(有计划,但未必完全确定)
→ 填 hopes / plans 均可(确定度中高)
3. They ______ to improve their spoken English by practising every day.(愿望,偏中)
→ 填 hope / plan / want 均可(确定度中等)
4. He ______ to become an engineer in the future.(长期愿望,但未必有具体计划)
→ 填 hopes / wants / plans 均可,取决于他是"希望"还是"计划"
二、听力中的"计划信号":该听什么
听力训练要带着预期去听,光"竖起耳朵"不够。谈未来计划的对话,最该留意的是两类词。这两类词出现的地方,就是答案所在的区域。
第一类:时间词——决定"何时做"
this afternoon, next week, tomorrow, in two months, on Friday, at four, this weekend, by the end of, before dinner, after school, on Wednesday
听到时间词,标记"计划的时间点"。时间词是听力中判断"这个计划是什么时候"的关键信号。
第二类:计划动词——决定"做什么"
plan, decide, hope, intend, be going to, will, would like, want, expect, wish
听到计划动词,标记"计划的内容"。计划动词决定了"做什么",通常后面跟着动词原形或名词。
时间词在前决定"何时",计划动词在后决定"做什么"——一前一后把计划交代清楚,这两类词出现的地方就是答案所在区域。
微技能练习:看选项,猜设问
看下面四个选项,先判断这道题可能问什么:
A. In the library. B. On the sports field. C. At the school gate. D. At the canteen.
可能问:____________________
这是一道地点类设问("Where will the speaker go?"),四个选项全是地点。听的时候专等地点名词,一出现即作答。
另一个练习:看选项,猜设问
A. At 3:00. B. At 4:00. C. At 5:00. D. At 6:00.
可能问:____________________
这是一道时间类设问("When / What time...?"),四个选项全是时间。听的时候专等时间词。
三、教师朗读稿实战:用判断线核对你的选词
这段对话专为本讲设计:A、B 两个角色身上刻意铺了一组"确定度由低到高"的计划动词梯队(planning to → going to → intend to → hope to),还埋了一处"计划赶不上变化"——本想加入乐部,因时间冲突改选篮球。听的时候既要抓词,也要盯住 but 后的转折。
听力材料采用【教师朗读稿】替代音频方案。先通读文稿建立文本印象,特别是标注出里面的时间词和计划动词;再合上文稿,由教师按正常语速朗读一遍,学生完成后面的听力理解题。
【教师朗读稿】
A: Hi, Li Hua. What are you going to do after school this afternoon?
B: I am planning to go to the library. There is a book fair, and I want to pick up a novel.
A: A book fair? That sounds nice. Are you going to buy anything else?
B: Maybe a dictionary. My English teacher recommended a good one last week. What about you?
A: I am going to stay on the sports field. The basketball team has training at four.
B: Oh, you are on the team now? I thought you wanted to join the music club.
A: I did plan to, but the music club only meets on Wednesdays, and I have advanced maths then. So I chose basketball instead.
B: That makes sense. By the way, what do you hope to do when you graduate?
A: I intend to study medicine. My uncle is a doctor, and I want to be like him.
B: That is a big goal. I hope to study English literature, but I will decide after the mid-term exam.
材料里时间词(this afternoon, at four, on Wednesdays)和计划动词(planning to, want to, going to, intend to, hope to, will)密集出现,就是前面刚练过的抓取对象。建议听三遍:第一遍抓大意,第二遍对答案,第三遍核对细节。
听力理解题(听完教师朗读后作答)
Task 1 判断正误(T / F):
1. Li Hua is going to the library to buy a dictionary this afternoon.
2. The boy is going to the music club on Wednesday afternoon.
3. The boy wants to be a doctor like his uncle in the future.
Task 2 信息填空(每空一词):
4. Li Hua wants to buy a ______ and a ______ at the book fair.
5. The basketball team training starts at ______ o'clock.
6. The boy chose ______ instead of the music club.
Task 3 单项选择:
7. Why did not the boy join the music club?
A. Because he dislikes music.
B. Because the club time conflicts with his advanced maths class.
C. Because his uncle advised him not to join.
D. Because the club had already been full.
8. What does Li Hua hope to study in the future?
A. Medicine. B. English literature. C. Computer science. D. Art.
参考答案:
1. F(原文中 Li Hua 主要想买小说,词典只是"Maybe a dictionary"——也许,并未确定要买;题干把"也许想买"说成"要买词典",与原文不符)
2. F(音乐俱乐部周三活动,但那个时间和数学课冲突,所以他没去)
3. T(原文"I intend to study medicine. My uncle is a doctor.")
4. novel; dictionary 5. four 6. basketball
7. B(原文"the music club only meets on Wednesdays, and I have advanced maths then")
8. B(原文"I hope to study English literature")
四、从听到说:逐条验证你的判断
现在沿这条判断线,把对话里每个"未来计划"表达逐一过一遍,看选对没有。每个表达附两个新例句,帮你体会语气差别。
1. be going to do —— 确定度高,已有安排
对话中:"What are you going to do after school?"——问的是"已有安排"的计划,用 be going to 最合适。如果换成 will,就成了"你等下会做什么?"——语气从"问安排"变成了"问意愿",意思就变了。
例句:She is going to take part in the school singing contest next month.(已有安排,确定度高)
例句:Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.(有迹象,自然推导,不需要人安排)
什么时候用 be going to 最稳?句子里有 already / have arranged / next week 这类明确安排,或眼前有看得见的迹象(dark clouds、crowd),就用它——be going to 背后站着"这件事已经在我脑子里定好了"。
2. plan to do / planning to —— 确定度高,有具体计划
对话中:"I am planning to go to the library."——planning to 比 going to 更强调"有具体计划"(知道去哪个图书馆、做什么)。
例句:The class plans to visit the science museum next Friday.(有具体计划,时间地点都定了)
plan to 的底气是"说得清细节"——哪天、去哪、跟谁、做什么能报出具体安排才用它;只停在"想"、报不出细节,就退回 want to / hope to。
3. want to do —— 确定度中,表达意愿
对话中:"I want to pick up a novel."——最口语化,直说想做什么,没有强调"计划好了"的意味。
例句:He wants to learn a second foreign language this year.(主观意愿,不一定有具体安排)
want to 最口语、最轻,只表达"此刻想要",没承诺一定做。听到 I want to...,后面接的往往是临时想起的事,不在日程上。
4. hope to do —— 确定度中,愿望色彩浓
对话中:"I hope to study English literature."——强调"希望",未必有具体计划,偏主观愿望。
例句:I hope to become fluent in English before I graduate.(愿望,偏主观,没有具体安排)
hope to 把话说得最软,落在"希望、期待",谈不上"保证"。I hope to... 后面往往跟着一件未必达成的事,所以常和 but 搭着用:I hope to finish it by Friday, but...。
5. intend to do —— 确定度较高,正式书面
对话中:"I intend to study medicine."——比 plan 更正式,决心感更强。
例句:The school intends to open more optional courses next term.(书面语常见)
intend to 自带正式和决心,书面语、正式发言里多见,强调的是"主观上打定主意"。The government intends to... 这种主宾是机构、话题是政策的句子里最典型。
6. would like to do —— 确定度中,客气委婉
例句:I would like to try out for the school newspaper.(表愿望时比 want 更委婉客气)
would like to 是把"想要"包了一层客气——邀请、提议、想做什么先说 would like to,比 I want to 委婉,也更容易让对方接受。
7. expect to do —— 确定度中高,带预期
例句:They expect to finish the project by the end of this month.(预期会发生,比 hope 更有把握)
expect to 是"有把握的预期"——不靠空想,靠进度、经验推算。They expect to finish by the end of the month,背后已经能估出完工时间。
【撞墙】be going to 与 will 的根本区别
这个坑几乎每届都有人踩:一看到"将来"就本能地写 will,把早就定好的事也说成了临时起意。
先看两个句子,感受区别:
句1:— The phone is ringing. — I will answer it.
句2:The sky is getting dark. It is going to rain.
两句都表"将来",可区别压根不在时态,在"这个决定是什么时候做的"。
句1中,电话铃响时,说话人"此刻"才决定去接——这是临时决定,用 will。
句2中,天变黑是"迹象",说话人根据迹象推导出马上就要下雨——这是基于迹象的判断,用 be going to。
把 will 看全:它至少管三件事——①临场决定(The phone is ringing. I will answer it.);②主观意愿、承诺(I will help you with your homework.);③对未来的推测(I think it will rain tomorrow.)。be going to 管两件事——①早有安排(I am going to visit my grandmother this weekend.);②有迹象的推断(It is going to rain, for the sky is dark.)。区分的关键永远在"这个决定或判断的根据是什么":凭眼前刚发生的(铃响)→ will;凭早已定好的或看得见的迹象→ be going to。
判断方法:问自己——这个决定是"一分钟前就想好的"还是"现在才决定的"?一分钟前就想好的 → be going to;现在才决定的 → will。
更多对比:
— I am going to visit my grandmother this weekend.(早就安排好的)
— I will call you when I get home.(回到家才做,临场决定)
— I am going to buy a new phone.(已经决定要买,有计划)
— I will buy this one.(当场决定买这个)
【撞墙】plan to 与 intend to 的微妙差别
两者都可表"计划",但语境不同。plan to 更日常,"我计划周末去图书馆"——说 plan to 没问题。intend to 更正式,强调主观意图,"政府打算提高教育投入"——说 intend to 更合适。
判断:口语里 plan to 用得多,书面语里 intend to 更常见。学生作文中,日常话题用 plan to 即可,正式话题(如职业规划、学校政策)用 intend to 更贴切。
句型转换练习(保持句意不变)
1. I intend to study medicine in the future.
→ I ______ ______ to study medicine in the future.(用 be going to)
2. She hopes to travel around the world.
→ She would like to travel around the world.(用 would like to 表达相近意思,语气从"希望"转为"愿意")
3. They plan to set up a reading corner in the classroom.
→ They ______ ______ set up a reading corner in the classroom.(用 be going to)
答案:1. am going 2. would like to 3. are going to
五、开口表达:按判断来选词
听力是输入,开口是输出。把学到的东西说出口,才算真掌握。说之前,先问自己两个问题:
第一问:我的这个计划有多确定?
第二问:这个语境有多正式?
问完,再去选词。
任务一:补全对话——根据"确定度提示"选词
A: Hi, Wang Fang. What are you ______ to do this weekend?(已有安排,用 be going to)
B: I am ______ to visit my grandparents in the countryside.(已有安排)
A: That sounds great. Are you going to stay long?
B: Just two days. I ______ to come back on Sunday evening.(有具体计划,用 plan)
答案:going; going; plan
任务二:情景表达——根据"确定度"写句子
1. 打算选理科。(已有安排,确定度高)
→ I am going to choose science.
2. 希望提高英语成绩。(愿望,确定度中)
→ I hope to improve my English marks.
3. 计划加入学校篮球队。(有具体计划,确定度高)
→ I plan to join the school basketball team.
4. 愿意参加志愿服务。(客气表达,确定度中)
→ I would like to take part in volunteer service.
只要"动词 + to do"结构正确、句意通顺,这句就成立了。写完回头看一眼 to 后是不是动词原形——最丢分的就是这一处。
六、综合检验
综合题一:语法填空(按高考语法填空形态命制,5 空考点覆盖 be+doing、be going to 主谓一致、hope to do、intend to do、be going to do——刚好对应本讲"to do 结构 + be going to"两个考点;第1空易、第5空难,逐空有梯度)
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Li Hua is a freshman at a senior high school. She is (1) ______ (plan) to choose science in the future because she finds physics interesting. At the moment, she (2) ______ (be) going to join the school science club, where students do experiments every Thursday. She also hopes (3) ______ (become) a doctor one day, just like her mother. "I intend (4) ______ (work) hard at school, and I am going (5) ______ (read) more books about medicine," she says.
答案:1. planning 2. is 3. to become 4. to work 5. to read
解析:1. 现在进行时,be + doing;2. 主语是 she,be going to 用 is;3. hope to do,接不定式;4. intend to do;5. be going to do。
综合题二:单项选择(按难度分层:第1–2题基础,考基本判断;第3–4题中档,考 to do 结构与语境转;第5题挑战,考时刻表时态这个高频易错点)
1. — Have you decided what to do this weekend?
— Yes. I ______ a hiking trip with my friends on Saturday.
A. take B. took C. am going to take D. have taken
答案:C(基础)。解析:这是"已有打算"且已决定,用 am going to take。
2. She ______ to improve her oral English by speaking more in class every day.
A. is hoping B. hopes C. hoped D. has hoped
答案:B(基础)。解析:表达经常性愿望,用一般现在时 hopes to do。
3. The students plan ______ a volunteer group to help the elderly in the community.
A. to set up B. setting up C. set up D. to setting up
答案:A(中档)。解析:plan to do sth.,to 后接动词原形。
4. — I hear you are going to join the art club.
— I ______, but the club time overlaps with my chemistry class.
A. plan to B. planned to C. will D. would like
答案:B(中档)。解析:由 but 可知"曾打算但放弃了",用过去时 planned to。plan to 后可省略前面提过的动词短语,保留 to 表"打算做那事"。
5. The next train ______ in ten minutes.
A. is going to leave B. leaves C. left D. will leave
答案:B(挑战)。解析:火车、飞机等按时刻表运行,是既定安排,用一般现在时 leaves 表"按时刻表即将发生"。这是高频考点,别和 be going to 的"按个人计划"混为一谈。
综合题三:短文填空(6 空由易到难设梯度:第1–2空基础,考将来时与 plan 搭配;第3–5空中档,考 hope to / should 情态 / be going to 结构;第6空挑战,考语篇衔接,需联系前后语义)
用所给词的适当形式填空,或填入一个适当的词。
Next month, our school (1) ______ (hold) a culture festival. Many students are going to take part in it. Li Mei (2) ______ (plan) to perform a dance, while her friend Zhang Qiang hopes (3) ______ (play) the guitar. The teacher says everyone should (4) ______ (be) ready before the festival. "I am going (5) ______ (practise) every evening," says Li Mei. (6) ______, joining the festival is not only fun but also a good chance to make new friends.
答案:1. is going to hold / will hold 2. plans / is planning 3. to play 4. be 5. to practise 6. Besides
七、易错点排查:丢分重灾区
把本讲最容易出错的几处单拎出来,逐条排查。每一处都是历届学生踩过的坑,提前排掉,考试少丢分。
易错点一:will 与 be going to 混用
已经决定好的事用 be going to,临场起意的念头用 will。看到题干暗示"已有安排、早有打算",优先 be going to;看到"临时决定",用 will。
早有安排 going to,临场起意用 will——记住这个判断,考试不丢分。
如果题干提到"已经定好了"(already decided / have arranged),答案几乎一定是 be going to。
易错点二:to do 结构写错
hope / want / plan / intend / would like / expect 后一律接 to do,不能接 to doing 或 doing。写完检查 to 后是不是动词原形。
错误示例:❌ She hopes studying abroad. → ✅ She hopes to study abroad.
错误示例:❌ He intends studying medicine. → ✅ He intends to study medicine.
易错点三:be going to 的 be 动词漏写或错写
be going to 里那个 be 不能省,且要随主语变化:I am going to, She is going to, They are going to。
错误示例:❌ She going to join the club. → ✅ She is going to join the club.
易错点四:听力里把时间词听漏
谈计划时,at four, this afternoon, next week 这些时间词决定"何时做",一旦听漏,地点、活动判断就失去依据。听第二遍专抓时间词。
易错点五(高频易错):时刻表场合别急着用 be going to
火车、飞机、上课、商店营业这类"按时刻表运行"的事,英语习惯用一般现在时,不借助 will 或 be going to:The train leaves at 6:30. The store opens at 9. 这类句子虽然讲的是将来发生的事,但因为事件有固定时刻表,说话人把它当作"既定事实"来陈述,所以用一般现在时。判断信号:主语是交通工具或课程、营业场所 + 出现具体时间点 → 优先用一般现在时。它和 be going to 的"按个人计划即将发生"不是一回事——那是主观安排,时刻表是客观规定。
排查小练
选出有误的一项并改正:
1. A. I am going to visit my aunt next Sunday.
B. She hopes studying abroad.
C. They plan to open a book club.
答案:B。改正:hopes studying → hopes to study。
2. A. He is going to take a maths lesson.
B. I would like to join the club.
C. She intends studying medicine.
答案:C。改正:intends studying → intends to study。
八、写作迁移:用"未来计划"表达写一段话
把本讲的表达用进写作,才算真正掌握。以下是一篇范文,用到了多种"未来计划"表达,可以感受不同表达在同一个段落中的配合使用。
范文:我的高中规划
I am a freshman at a senior high school. The new school life is a big challenge, but I am going to make the most of it. First, I plan to choose science because I find physics and chemistry interesting. My teacher recommended that I should take advanced maths, and I intend to follow his advice. I also hope to improve my English by reading one English book every month. Besides, I would like to join the school basketball team. I know it is not easy, but I expect to work hard and make progress every day. I believe that with a clear plan, I will have a fruitful high school life.
这段话用了 am going to(定好计划)、plan to(具体安排)、intend to(决心)、hope to(愿望)、would like to(客气意愿)、expect to(预期)、will(信心表达)——七个不同的表达在同一个段落中自然交替。
七个表达为什么能在一个段落里自然共存?因为它们各守各的确定度:开头讲"已经定好的计划"用 am going to;具体安排用 plan to;决心用 intend to;愿望用 hope to;礼貌意愿用 would like to;有依据的预期用 expect to;结尾表达信心用 will。一句话用哪个,看说话人对这件事的把握——把握高用确定度高的词,把握低用确定度低的词。落到写作上,每个词都要精确对上你的把握程度,堆词炫技在这里派不上用场。
检查标准:写完后数一数用了几个不同的"未来计划"表达。如果通篇只有 will,说明还停留在"只会一个"的阶段。如果用了三个以上,说明已经开始有意识地选词了。
九、跨讲联动:阅读中的"未来计划"表达
第一讲学了略读,第二讲学了"未来计划"表达。两讲看似独立,实则在考场中经常联动——阅读文章里大量出现 be going to / plan to / hope to / intend to 等表达,而这些表达恰恰是判断文章态度和结构的重要信号。
例如,在阅读中看到:
"The government intends to raise the minimum wage next year."——intend to 暗示这是一个正式的、有决心的计划,文章态度可能是"支持的、积极的"。
"I hope to find a solution to the problem."——hope to 暗示愿望但未必有具体方案,文章可能还在"探索阶段"。
"The company is going to launch a new product in March."——be going to 暗示已有安排,文章可能进入"具体实施阶段"。
阅读里看到"未来计划"表达,帮你看懂句子本身,还能据此判断段落的态度、文章的发展方向——两讲的知识在考场上正好搭着用。
本讲回顾
这一讲从"一个打算的四种重量"起步,立起"确定度×正式度"这根判断的标尺。要练的始终是判断,词表只是抓手:
第一,拿到一个语境,先判断"这个计划的确定度有多高"。随口一说→临时决定→已有安排→铁板钉钉,各自对应不同的表达。
第二,再判断"这个语境有多正式"。日常聊天→课堂发言→书面作文,正式度不同,选词也不同。
第三,不管选哪个词,检查"动词 + to do"结构是否写对。
听力实战验证了这根标尺,又在"撞墙"处掰开了 be going to 与 will 的核心差别——差别不在时态,在"临场起意 vs 早有安排"。
今后谈计划,词库里不再只有 will。先问"多确定?多正式?",再选词,选完检查 to do 结构。这个判断习惯一旦形成,写"打算"类句子就不会再出错。
十、考场实战:听力中的"未来计划"题专项训练
高考听力中,涉及"未来计划"的题目几乎每次必出。以下专项训练,帮你在考场中快速识别并作答。
题型一:What will the speaker do?
这是最常见的"未来计划"提问方式。听到这种问题,竖起耳朵抓计划动词和时间词。
例题:
W: Are you free this Saturday? There is a new movie on.
M: I am going to visit my grandparents this Saturday, but I might be free on Sunday.
Q: What will the man do this Saturday?
A. See a movie. B. Visit his grandparents. C. Stay at home.
答案:B。解析:听到 "I am going to visit my grandparents" 直接锁定答案。
题型二:Where will the speaker go?
听到地点类设问,专等地点名词。
例题:
M: I am going to the library after school. What about you?
W: I intend to stay in the classroom and finish my homework.
Q: Where does the woman plan to go after school?
A. The library. B. The classroom. C. The sports field.
答案:B。解析:听到 "intend to stay in the classroom" 锁定答案。
题型三:When will the speaker...?
听到时间类设问,专等时间词。
例题:
W: When are you going to hand in the report?
M: I plan to finish it by Friday, but I hope to get it done by Thursday.
Q: When does the man plan to finish the report?
A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Friday.
答案:C。解析:plan to 表示具体计划,他说 "plan to finish it by Friday"。注意 by Friday 表示"最晚到周五",不是"在周五当天",因此计划完成的时间节点是周五之前(含周五)。
做题前,四条先记牢:
1. 提前阅读选项,判断是"什么"类(What / Where / When / Why)设问。
2. 确定设问类型后,专抓对应的关键词(计划动词/地点词/时间词)。
3. 注意"计划赶不上变化"——对话中常有"but"后面才是真正的计划。
4. 听到 I plan to / I am going to / I intend to 等表达,后面就是答案所在。
考场上每道题播放前都有一段读题时间。别发呆,用它快速扫选项,判断设问类型(What/Where/When/Why/Who),再带着预期去听。
把这些策略练熟,"未来计划"题就从丢分点变成了送分题。
这一讲要养成的,是"先判断、再选词"的思维习惯。
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