摘要:
该高中英语知识清单围绕Unit 2 "Morals and Virtues"主题,系统梳理了核心词汇与语法重难点。从基础词汇(如moral、virtue)到拓展词汇(如dilemma、entrust)及短语(如carry sb. through sth.),再到高频词用法(如majority主谓一致、complain搭配),构建从词汇积累到语法应用的学习支架。
知识链路按"词汇梳理-重难点突破-应用实践"逻辑展开,通过词性转换、搭配辨析(如precious与previous)、实例翻译提升语言能力,借助对比(如scared与scary)、一词多义(如sharp)培养思维品质,配套翻译练习和用法示例强化学习能力,助力学生构建完整知识框架。
内容正文:
Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
Step 1 词汇梳理
1. moral adj. 道德上的;道义上的n.品行; 道德;寓意 immoral adj.不道德的;邪恶的 morally adv.道德上
2. virtue n. 高尚的道德; 美德; 优秀品质;优点;长处
翻译:在现代社会,守时是必不可少的的美德。
In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue.
3. dilemma n.进退两难的境地;困境 处于进退两难的境地:be in a dilemma
4. faint vi.昏倒;晕厥 adj.不清楚的;微弱的 faintly adv.微弱地;略微地
模糊的记忆/微弱的光:the faint memory/ light 很小的希望/机会:a faint hope/ chance
5. illustrate v.(举例)说明;阐明; 给(书或文章)加插图 illustration n.插图;图解;图示;例证;实证
为了说明我的观点,我给你们讲个小故事吧。
To illustrate my point , let me tell you a little story.
6. precious adj. 珍稀的;宝贵的 区分:adj.先前的;以往的 previous
宝贵的时间/珍贵的记忆/稀世珍宝:precious time/ memories/ jewels
7. entrust vt. 委托;交付 把…交付/委托某人: entrust ...to sb = entrust sb with...
8. marriage n. 结婚; 婚姻 marry v.结婚;嫁;娶 与某人结婚: marry sb get/ be married to sb
9. tuition n. (小组)教学; 讲课; 学费
10. fee n. 专业服务费; 报酬
11. tuition fees 学费
12. carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
翻译:他们的支持帮助他渡过了那些艰难的岁月。
Their support carried him through the hard years.
13. union n. [u] 联合;合并;团结[c] 协会;联合会;工会; 联盟; 联邦
学生会 the Students’/ Student Union
14. scholarship n. [c] 奖学金 学者;奖学金获得者scholar 获得奖学金 win/ earn a scholarship
15. hire v.聘任;雇用;租用 n.租借;租用 雇用某人作某事:hire sb to do sth
16. physician n. 医生;(尤指)内科医生 resident physician 住院医师
resident n.居民; 住户; 房客; (美国的)高级专科住院实习医生 adj.居住的
17. colleague n.同事;同僚 同义词:workmate
18. reject vt. 拒绝接受;不录用; 拒收 n.拒绝接受;否决;嫌弃:rejection
拒绝接受论点/要求/提议:reject an argument/ a claim/ an offer
19. clinic n. 诊所;门诊部 在诊所:at the clinic/ at the doctor’s
20. faraway adj. 遥远的(只用于名词前) 同义词:distant
21. decade n. 十年
22. elsewhere adv. 在别处;去别处 somewhere 在某处;到某处 anywhere 在任何地方
everywhere 到处;各个地方
23. publish vt. 发表(作品); 出版 publisher n. 出版商 publishing n. 出版(业)
24. staff (集体名词) n.员工;全体职员 学校的全体教师:the teaching staff of a school
25. retire vi./vt. 退休;退职;退出 退休的 adj. retired 退休n. retirement
26. saving n.节省物;节省;节约 [pl] 储蓄金;存款 出租:hire out 雇用某人做某事:hire sb to do sth
open a savings account: 开储蓄账户 saving grace: 仅有的优点;唯一可取之处
27. kindergarten n..学前班;幼儿园 nursery n.托儿所;幼儿园
28. principle n.道德原则;法则;原则;(机器等的)工作原理;(自然界的)定律;法则
基本原理:the basic principle 指导原则:guiding principle 理论上;原则上;大体上;基本上:in principle
29. passive adj. 被动的;顺从的;消极的 active adj.主动的;积极的passively adv.被动地;消极地
30. insurance n.保险;保险业 办理…的保险:take out insurance against
保险公司:an insurance company health/ life/ accident insurance: 健康/人寿/意外保险
31. energetic adj. 精力充沛的;充满活力的 energetically adv.精力充沛地;积极地
energy n.精力;活力;能量;能源 充满活力:be full of energy
replace vt. 接替;取代;更换;把…放回原处 replacement [u]更换;更替 [c]替换的人/物
用…替换:replace….with/ by replace sb/ sth=take the place of=take one’s place
32. accident n. 事故;车祸;失事 by accident意外地;偶然地 accidental adj.意外的;偶然的
accidentally adv.意外地;偶然地
33. whisper v. 悄声说;耳语;低语 n. 耳语(声); 低语(声); 传言; 谣传 同义词:murmur
对某人低声说某事:whisper sth to sb 低声说话:speak in a whisper
34. midnight n.子夜;午夜 在午夜:at midnight burn the midnight oil:工作/学习到深夜;熬夜
35. import n.进口;进口商品 vt.进口;输入;引进 从…进口…:import sth from…
36. export n.出口;出口商品 vt.出口;输出;传播
37. pole n. 极;地极磁极;电极;杆;柱 the North/ South Pole 北极/南极
a fishing/ telephone pole钓鱼竿/ 电话线杆
38. lap n.(坐着时的)大腿部; (跑道等的)一圈 在某人的腿上:in/ on one’s lap
39. bite v. (bit, bitten) 咬;叮;蜇 n.咬; (咬下的)一口; 咬伤 take a bite of… 咬了一口…
40. lip n.嘴唇 lipstick n.口红;唇膏 bite one’s lip/ tongue 忍住不说
41. first aid 急救 first aid kit 急救箱 do/ perform/ offer/ give first aid (to sb): 对…进行急救
with the aid of sb=with sb’s aid 在某人的帮助下 come to one’s aid/ assistance 帮助某人
42. pass away 去世 同义短语:pass on
43. chairman n.主席;主持人;委员长;董事长 chairwoman n.女主席;女主持人;女董事长
president n.总统; 国家主席; 校长; 院长; 董事长; 行长;总裁
44. café n.咖啡馆;小餐馆 an Internet café 网吧 coffee n. 咖啡豆; 咖啡粉; 咖啡 caffeine 咖啡因
45. waitress n.(餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者 waiter n. 男服务员; 男侍者
46. pregnant adj.怀孕的; 妊娠的 be pregnant with… 怀上... pregnancy n.怀孕;妊娠
47. disguise vt.装扮;假扮;掩盖 n.伪装;化装用具 伪装; 假装; 乔装打扮(短语): in disguise
She disguised herself as a boy. 她把自己假扮成了男孩。
48. maple n.枫树; 槭树
49. cart n.手推车; 运货马车 a shopping cart 购物车 put the cart before the horse 本末倒置;前后颠倒
50. spill v.(使)洒出; (使)溢出 过去式,过去分词:spilt, spilt或者spilled, spilled
spill out: 倾诉;涌出
My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. 我思如泉涌,奋笔疾书。
51. trip over 被…绊倒 trip vi. 绊; 绊倒; vt.将…绊倒; 使跌倒 n. 旅行; 旅游
52. limp vi. 跛行;一瘸一拐地走 瘸的/ 盲的/ 聋的/哑的:lame/ blind/ deaf/ dumb
53. despair n.绝望 vi. 绝望; 感到无望 in despair 处于绝望中
despair of sth/ sb/ doing 对…绝望 be the despair of sb 令某人担心/绝望
54. might n.[u]力量; 威力 可能; 可以 (情态动词) mighty adj.强有力的;巨大的;非凡的
55. fable n.寓言; 寓言故事
56. court n.(网球等的)球场;法院;法庭;朝廷;宫廷;庭院;院子 a tennis/badminton court:网球/羽毛球场
57. flexible adj.灵活的;可变通的 flexibly adv.灵活地 inflexible adj.缺乏弹性的;僵化的;死板的flexibility n.灵活性;柔韧性
58. income n.收入;收益 与收入有关的词汇:salary, wage, pay
59. per prep. 每; 每一
60. therefore adv. 因此; 所以(thus, hence)
61. tension n.紧张关系; 紧张; 焦虑 tense adj.紧张的; 绷紧的; 担心的 n.时态
nervous adj.神经质的; 焦虑的; 担忧的; 惶恐的 anxious adj. 焦虑的; 忧虑的; 渴望的;
Step 2 重难点
1.majority n. 大部分;大多数 反义词:minority
【搭配】 1)majority常与of连用,后接复数可数名词。当a/ the majority+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。 当a/ the majority+集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数均可。
The majority of students find (find) it quite hard to learn German.
The majority of the population lives/ live (live) in the north of the island.
2)当majority后不接of短语时,如强调整体,谓语动词用单数;如强调众多个体,谓语动词用复数。
The majority was/ were (be) in favor of the proposal.
2.complain vi. / vt. 抱怨;发牢骚
【搭配】1)complain (to sb) about/ of sth 2.complain (to sb)+(that) 从句
n. 抱怨;不满;投诉 complaint
2)我们应该严格遵守交通规则,而不是抱怨交通堵塞。
We should strictly follow traffic rules rather than complain about traffic jams.
3)你为什么不投诉吵闹的邻居呢?(用名词形式翻译)
Why don’t you make a complaint against your noisy neighbors?
3.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应; 回应
【搭配】回复消息: respond to a message 报以微笑:respond with a smile
【运用】
译:Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
懂得基本的急救技能将有助于你对紧急情况做出迅速反应。
response n.反应;回答;回复
【搭配】 1)作为对...的回答/反应: in response to 2)引起/产生反响bring/ produce response
3)没有对提问回答make no response to the question 4)积极的反应:a positive/ favorable response
4.appoint vt.任命;委派;指定;约定 →n.任命; 预约; 约会; 委任appointment
【搭配】(1) 任命某人为 +职位名词(不带冠词)appoint sb (as) sth
(2) 被派到…任职appoint sb to sth
(3) 委派某人做某事appoint sb to do sth (4) 在指定时间at the appointed time
(5)make/ have an appointment with sb 与某人预约 keep/ break an appointment 守约/违约
翻译:1.一名护士被委派来看护她。A nurse was appointed to guard her.
2.他们任命他当足球队队长。 They appointed him (as) captain of the football team.
3.他已被派到委员会任职。 He has been appointed to the committee.
5.elect vt. 选举;推选 n.选举;推选;当选 election adj.选举的;可选择的;选修的elective
【搭配】(1) elect sb (as) +职位 (2) 选举某人参加elect sb to sth
(3)选择做某事elect / choose to do (4) 赢得/输掉选举win/ lose an election
6.tend vt. 照顾 vi. 倾向;趋于
【搭配】(1)易于做某事; 往往会发生某事tend to do sth
(2) 倾向于…tend to/toward(s) sth
(3) 照料 tend (to) sb/sth
翻译:
1.我所听的音乐形形色色,不过一般都是轻音乐。
The sort of music I listen to varies, but it tends toward light music.
2.在读或听的时候,我往往会在头脑中有画面感。
I tend to see pictures in my mind when I am reading or listening.
3.你不在的时候我愿意帮你照看店铺。
I would like to tend the store for you while you’re away.
7.scared adj. 害怕的; 对…感到惊慌或恐惧的 adj.吓人的;scary 同义词:afraid/ frightened/ terrified
【搭配】(1)害怕/不敢做某事be scared to do (2)害怕某人/某事be scared of sth/sb
(3) 吓死了be scared to death
【运用】
1.她害怕一个人出去。She is scared of going out alone.
2.那些男孩不敢过马路。 The boys were scared to cross the street.
scare vt. 惊吓; 使害怕 vi.受惊吓 同义词:frighten
(1) scare sb away/ off 把…吓跑 (2)scare sb to death 把…吓得要死
(3)scare sb into doing威胁/恐吓某人做某事
8.sharp adj. (增长/下跌等)急剧的; 锋利的; 明显的; 敏锐的;机灵的;剧烈的;猛烈的;
尖厉的;刺耳的;(言辞等)尖刻的;严厉的 adv. (指时刻)整
.sharply adv.急剧地;严厉地 sharpen vt.削尖;磨快;使改进 sharpener n.磨具;铅笔刀
一词多义:写出以下短句或句子中sharp的意思。
(1)sharp teeth 锋利的 (2)a sharp bend 急转弯 (3)a sharp child 机灵的 (4)She has sharp eyes. 敏锐的 (5)be sharp with sb 严厉的 (6)She has a sharp tongue. 刻薄的 (7)a sharp drop/ increase in prices 急剧的
(8)Through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. 尖锐的;刺耳的 (9)2 o’clock sharp 整
9.operation n. 手术;企业;团体;经营;运转;行动;运算;操作
operate vi.工作;运转;做手术;起作用 vt.经营; 管理; 操作;使运转 operator n.经营者; 操作员
1.operation的用法
(1)come/ go into operation开始工作/运转;生效; 投入运营
(2)put/ bring …into operation 实施;使…开始生效;使运转
(3)be in operation工作中;使用中;在运营
(4) do/ perform/ carry out an operation on sb/身体部位 给…做手术
(5) have an operation 接受手术
2. 动词用法:
operate on/ upon sb 给…做手术 operate a restaurant/ company 经营餐馆/公司
10.assist vt.帮助; 援助 assistant n.助手;助理;售货员 adj.助理的;副的
【搭配】(1)assist sb to do/ in doing 帮助某人做某事 (2) assist sb with/ in sth在某方面帮助某人
n.[u] 帮助;协助;援助assistance
【搭配】medical/ technical assistance 医疗援助/技术支持 give/ offer/ provide assistance to sb 帮助某人
come to one’s assistance=help sb 帮助某人 with the assistance/ help of sb 在某人的帮助下
11.memory n.记忆力; 记性;(常用复数)回忆;记忆;存储器;存储量 memorable adj.值得纪念的;难忘的(unforgettable) memorise/ memorize vt.记住;熟记
【搭配】 in memory of 作为对…的纪念 同义短语:in honor of
loss of memory 记忆力的丧失 have a good/bad memory 有好的/差的记忆力
翻译:Those songs bring back lots of good memories. 那些歌曲唤起许多美好的回忆。
12.chain n.一连串(人或事);链子;链条
(1)链子;链条: a bicycle chain/ the food chain 自行车链条/ 食物链
(2)一连串(人或事);一系列
a chain of events/ accidents/ thoughts/ misfortunes 一连串事件/ 事故/ 想法/ 灾难
a chain reaction 连锁反应
(3)连锁店(chain store); 连锁集团
a chain of supermarkets = a supermarket chain 连锁超市
(4) v. 用链拴住;束缚 把马栓到树上。Chain the horse to the tree.
13.tear n.眼泪; 泪水 vi.流泪; 含泪 (tear---teared---teared)
tear [teə(r)] v.撕裂; 撕掉; 撕碎 (tear---tore---torn)
【搭配】in tears 流着泪;含着泪 be moved to tears 被感动到流泪
burst into tears=burst out crying 突然放声大哭起来 burst into laughter=burst out laughing 突然大笑起来
tear the letter into/ to pieces 把信撕成碎片
短语:tear apart: 使分离/分开 tear down: 扯下;拆毁 tear up: 撕碎;拔起
翻译:
这纸/布一撕就破。The paper/ cloth tears easily.
杰克把包裹撕开了。Jack tore the package open.
14.harm n./vt. 害; 损害 harmful 有害的 harmless 无害的
【搭配】:对…有害:
do/cause harm to …=do/cause …harm= be harmful to …= be bad for …=harm …
【运用】 1.Pollution can harm human beings. 污染会伤害人类。
2.Too much drinking will do great harm to you. 饮酒过量危害甚大。
15.a great deal (of) 大量
拓展:
(1)修饰可数n.复数:a great/ good/ large number of a small number of a great/ good many
(2)修饰不可数n. : a great/ good deal of a large/ great/ huge amount of
(2)修饰可数复数以及不可数n.: a lot of= lots of a large/ great quantity of quantities of
plenty of a good supply of
【运用】
大量的时间/钱: a good/ great deal of time/ money
要想具备很高的听力能力,需要做大量的练习。
It takes a great deal of practice to be really good at listening.
费了好大一番工夫,她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。
After a great deal of effort, she finally succeeded in moving the stone to the side of the street.
我们经常见到他们。We see them a great deal.
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