摘要:
**基本信息**
聚焦青少年问题单元核心词汇,通过分层讲解(课标/非课标)与语境化练习,系统构建词法知识网络,强化语言运用能力。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|单词短语分层讲解|39个课标重点词/短语|词义-词形-搭配-易错点四维解析,易混词(如mad/angry)对比辨析|按课标优先级分层,从基础词义到深层用法,构建"认知-理解-应用"链条|
|用法巩固练习|4类题型(填空/单选等)|语境填词强化记忆,词形转换训练语法规则,短语应用题提升语言表达|题型对应讲解重点,从基础记忆到综合运用,实现知识迁移与思维提升|
内容正文:
Unit 2 Teenage problems 重点单词、短语用法讲练
目录
· 单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。
详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点、便于全面掌握。
· 单元单词,短语用法练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词,短语的用法,加深对单词、短语记忆和理解。
单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
一、单元单词、短语分层列举
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 课标重点单词、短语。
teenage /ˈti:neɪdʒ/ adj. 青少年的,十几岁的
drive /draɪv/ vt. 迫使;驾驶
mad /mæd/ adj. 气愤;疯的
lately /ˈleɪtli/ adv. 最近
decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ n. 决定
stick /stɪk/ vi. & vt. 粘贴,粘住;刺,插入
stress /stres/ n. 精神压力,心理负担
waste /weɪst/ vt. 浪费,滥用
regret /rɪˈɡret/ vt. 懊悔,感到遗憾
hate /heɪt/ vt. & vi. 极不喜欢,厌恶
exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ n. (= examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/) 考试
focused /ˈfəʊkəst/ adj. 注意力集中的
argue /ˈɑ:ɡju:/ vi. 争论,争吵,争辩
silly /ˈsɪli/ adj. 傻的 , 愚蠢的
normal /ˈnɔ:ml/ adj. 正常的,典型的
bottom /ˈbɒtəm/ n. 底部;底
dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ n. 对话
communicate /kəˈmju:nɪkeɪt/ vi. 沟通 vi. & vt. 交流
dictionary /ˈdɪkʃənri/ n. 词典,辞书
youth /ju:θ/ n. 青年;青春
stage /steɪdʒ/ n. 阶段,时期;舞台
experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ vt. 经历;体验
rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 快速的
ugly /ˈʌɡli/ adj. 丑陋的
probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv. 很可能,大概
risk /rɪsk/ vt. 冒…的风险;冒险做
unkind /ˌʌnˈkaɪnd/ adj. 不友善的,刻薄的
stranger /ˈstreɪndʒə(r)/ n. 陌生人;外地人
bully /ˈbʊli/ vt. 恐吓,伤害,胁迫 n. 恃强凌弱之人,恶霸
screen /skri:n/ n. 屏幕
pain /peɪn/ n. 痛苦;疼痛
shame /ʃeɪm/ n. 羞耻;让人遗憾的事
adult /ˈædʌlt/ n. 成年人
mobile phone n. 手机
be in low spirits 情绪低落
stick to 坚持
under stress 在压力之下,承受压力
cut back on sth 减少,削减,缩减
risk sth/doing sth 冒…的风险
go through 经历,遭受
stand up for sb/sth 支持,维护
put up with sb/sth 忍受;容忍
get sb down 使悲伤(沮丧、忧郁等)
2. 非课标重点单词、短语。
patience /ˈpeɪʃns/ n. 耐心
stressed /strest/ adj. 焦虑不安的
mood /mu:d/ n. 情绪,心情
bedtime /ˈbedtaɪm/ n. 就寝时间
二、重点单词、短语用法讲解
1、teenage
词义:teenage作形容词,意为"青少年的;十几岁的"。
Teenage problems are common among middle school students.(青少年问题在中学生中很常见。)
词形变化:teen n. 青少年(通常用复数teens)
teenager n. 青少年(指13至19岁的人)
短语、搭配:① teenage years(青少年时期)
② teenage life(青少年生活)
易错点:teenage为形容词,只用于修饰名词,不可作表语。
2、drive
词义:① drive作动词,意为"驾驶;开车"。
She learned to drive when she was 18.(她18岁时学会了开车。)
② drive作动词,意为"驱赶;迫使"。
The noise drove me crazy.(噪音快把我逼疯了。)
词形变化:driver n. 驾驶员;司机
短语、搭配:① drive sb. crazy/mad(把某人逼疯/逼急)
Too much homework drives me crazy sometimes.(太多作业有时让我抓狂。)
② drive to some place(开车去某地)
I will drive you to the airport.(我开车送你去机场。)
③ drive away(驱车离开;赶走)
He drove away without saying goodbye.(他没说再见就开车走了。)
易错点:drive为不规则动词,过去式为drove,过去分词为driven,现在分词为driving。
3、mad
词义:mad作形容词,意为"发疯的;生气的"。
My mom will be mad if I come home late.(如果回家晚了,我妈妈会生气的。)
She is mad about pop music.(她对流行音乐痴迷。)
短语、搭配:① be mad at sb.(生某人的气)
I was mad at myself for making such a silly mistake.(我因为犯了这么蠢的错误而生自己的气。)
② be mad about sth.(对某事痴迷/狂热)
He is mad about football and never misses a match.(他对足球非常痴迷,从不错过一场比赛。)
③ go mad(发疯;疯狂)
The crowd went mad when their team won.(当他们的球队获胜时,人群沸腾了。)
辨析:mad与angry
① mad常用于口语,意为"疯狂的"或"生气的",语气较强。
She is mad at me for losing her key.(她因为我弄丢了她的钥匙而生我的气。)
② angry为正式用语,意为"生气的;愤怒的",语气较mad更正式。
He was angry about the decision.(他对这个决定感到生气。)
4、lately
词义:lately作副词,意为"最近;近来"。
Have you seen any good movies lately?(你最近看过什么好电影吗?)
易错点:lately常与现在完成时连用,表示从过去某时到现在的一段时间内,也可用于一般过去时。
5、decision
词义:decision作可数名词,意为"决定"。
The final decision is up to you.(最后的决定由你来做。)
词形变化:decide v. 决定;下决心
decisive adj. 决定性的;果断的
短语、搭配:① make a decision(做决定)
We need to make a decision by tomorrow.(我们需要在明天之前做出决定。)
② come to/reach a decision(达成决定;做出决定)
After a long discussion, they came to a decision.(经过长时间的讨论,他们做出了决定。)
③ a wise/good decision(明智的决定)
易错点:其动词形式decide的用法也要掌握:decide to do sth.(决定做某事)。
6、stick
词义:① stick作可数名词,意为"棍;棒;手杖"。
He picked up a stick to draw on the ground.(他捡起一根棍子在地上画画。)
② stick作动词,意为"粘贴;粘住;刺;插入 "。
Please stick a stamp on the envelope.(请在信封上贴一张邮票。)
词形变化:sticky adj. 粘的;粘性的
短语、搭配:① stick to(坚持;遵守)
stick to中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词(doing),不接动词原形。
He sticks to doing exercise every morning.(他坚持每天早晨锻炼。)
You should stick to your plan.(你应该坚持你的计划。)
② stick out(伸出;突出)
Don't stick your head out of the window.(不要把头伸出窗外。)
易错点:stick作"粘贴"解时,其过去式和过去分词均为stuck。
7、stress
词义:① stress作不可数名词,意为"精神压力,心理负担,紧张"。
He is under a lot of stress at work.(他工作压力很大。)
② stress作动词,意为"强调;重读"。
The teacher stressed the importance of practice.(老师强调了练习的重要性。)
词形变化:stressful adj. 有压力的;紧张的
stressed adj. 焦虑的;感到压力的
短语、搭配:① under stress(处于压力之下)
She is under great stress because of the exam.(因为考试,她承受着巨大的压力。)
② reduce/relieve stress(减轻压力)
Doing exercise can help reduce stress.(做运动有助于减轻压力。)
③ stress the importance of(强调……的重要性)
Our teacher always stresses the importance of hard work.(我们老师总是强调努力的重要性。)
易错点:形容词stressed(感到压力的)用于描述人的感受;stressful(令人有压力的)用于描述事物。两者区别类似bored与boring。
8、waste
词义:① waste作动词,意为"浪费;挥霍;滥用"。
We shouldn't waste food.(我们不应该浪费食物。)
② waste作不可数名词,意为"浪费;废物;垃圾"。
It is a waste of time to watch too much TV.(看太多电视是浪费时间。)
③ waste作形容词,意为"废弃的;无用的"。
We should recycle waste paper.(我们应该回收废纸。)
词形变化:wasteful adj. 浪费的;挥霍的
wasted adj. 浪费了的;白费的
短语、搭配:① a waste of time/money(浪费时间/金钱)
Watching this show is a waste of time.(看这个节目是浪费时间。)
② waste ... on ...(把……浪费在……上)
Don't waste your money on things you don't need.(不要把金钱浪费在你不需要的东西上。)
③ waste ... (in) doing sth.(浪费……做某事)
She wasted a whole day waiting for him.(她浪费了一整天等他。)
易错点:waste作动词时,常用句型为waste time/money (in) doing sth.,介词in可以省略。waste作名词时,a waste of ...为固定搭配,其中waste为单数名词,用a修饰。
9、regret
词义:① regret作动词,意为"后悔;遗憾;抱歉"。
I regret that I didn't study harder.(我后悔没有更努力学习。)
② regret作不可数名词,意为"遗憾;后悔"。
She expressed regret for what she had done.(她对自己所做的事表示遗憾。)
词形变化:regretful adj. 遗憾的;后悔的
regrettable adj. 令人遗憾的
短语、搭配:① regret doing sth.(后悔做了某事)
I regret telling her the secret.(我后悔告诉了她这个秘密。)【已经做了,感到后悔】
② regret to do sth.(遗憾要做某事)
I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.(我很遗憾地告诉你,你考试没通过。)【尚未做,感到遗憾】
易错点:regret doing表示"后悔做过某事"(事情已发生),regret to do表示"遗憾地要做某事"(事情尚未发生)。其过去式和过去分词均为regretted(双写t加ed),现在分词为regretting(双写t加ing)。
10、hate
词义:hate作动词,意为"讨厌;憎恨;不喜欢"。
She hates it when people are late.(她讨厌别人迟到。)
词形变化:hateful adj. 可恨的;令人讨厌的
短语、搭配:① hate doing/to do sth.(讨厌做某事)
I hate doing housework.(我讨厌做家务。)【习惯性讨厌】
I hate to tell you this, but we have to leave.(我不愿意告诉你这个,但我们得走了。)【临时性不愿】
② hate sb. for doing sth.(因某事而恨某人)
I hate him for lying to me.(我恨他对我撒谎。)
辨析:hate与dislike
① hate语气强烈,意为"憎恨、讨厌",表达强烈的厌恶情绪。
I hate being cheated.(我讨厌被欺骗。)
② dislike语气较温和,意为"不喜欢、不喜爱",程度上轻于hate。
I dislike cold weather.(我不喜欢寒冷的天气。)
易错点:hate后接动词时,既可接动名词(指习惯性讨厌),也可接不定式(指一次性或临时的厌恶),与like用法相似。
11、exam
词义:exam作可数名词,意为"考试;测验"。exam为examination的缩写形式。
She passed the exam with flying colors.(她以优异成绩通过了考试。)
词形变化:examine v. 检查;审查
examinee n. 应试者
examiner n. 主考官
短语、搭配:① take /do an exam(参加考试)
② pass an exam(通过考试)
③ fail an exam(考试不及格)
④ exam paper(试卷)
辨析:exam与test
① exam多指正式的"考试",如期末考试、升学考试等,规模较大,时间较长。
We will have the final exam in June.(我们六月份有期末考试。)
② test多指"测验、小考",规模较小,时间较短,如随堂测试。
We will have a vocabulary test on Friday.(我们周五有一个词汇测验。)
12、focused
词义:focused作形容词,意为"专注的;集中的"。
She is focused on preparing for the contest.(她正在专心准备比赛。)
词形变化:focus v./n. 集中(注意力);焦点
unfocused adj. 不集中的
短语、搭配:① be focused on(专注于……)
I am focused on finishing my homework before dinner.(我专注于在晚饭前完成作业。)
② stay/keep focused(保持专注)
It's hard to stay focused for the whole class.(一整节课都保持专注很难。)
辨析:focused与concentrated
① focused意为"注意力集中的",强调精力聚焦在某事上。
He gave a focused speech on environment.(他作了一个关于环境的专注的演讲。)【着重于主题集中的】
② concentrated意为"集中的;浓缩的",更强调聚集或密度。
Concentrated study is necessary for exam success.(集中学习对于考试成功是必要的。)【强调学习强度】
13、argue
词义:argue作动词,意为"争吵;争论;论证"。
My parents never argue in front of me.(我父母从不在我面前争吵。)
词形变化:argument n. 争论;论据
arguable adj. 可争论的
短语、搭配:① argue with sb.(与某人争吵/争论)
Don't argue with your teacher.(不要和老师争辩。)
② argue about/over sth.(因某事而争吵)
They always argue about what to watch on TV.(他们总是为看什么电视节目而争吵。)
③ argue for/against(支持/反对……而争辩)
Many people argued against the new law.(许多人反对这项新法律而进行争辩。)
易错点:argue后接人时用with,接事时用about/over。表示"主张……"或"争辩说……"时,后接that从句,如argued that...。注意名词argument的拼写,去e加-ment。
14、silly
词义:silly作形容词,意为"愚蠢的;傻的;可笑的"。
It was silly of me to believe him.(我竟然相信了他,真傻。)
词形变化:silliness n. 愚蠢
sillily adv. 愚蠢地
短语、搭配:① silly mistake(愚蠢的错误)
② feel silly(觉得可笑/难为情)
I felt silly wearing that hat.(我戴着那顶帽子觉得很可笑。)
辨析:silly、foolish与stupid
① silly语气最轻,指"不合情理的、可笑的",常带有幽默或可爱的意味。
What a silly question!(好傻的问题啊!)
② foolish指"缺乏判断力的、不明智的",表示虽不聪明但并非不可原谅。
It was foolish of him to go out in the rain.(他冒雨出去真是够傻的。)
③ stupid语气最强,指"智力低下的、极愚蠢的",含有贬义,使用时需谨慎。
That was a stupid thing to do.(那样做太蠢了。)【语气较重】
易错点:silly的比较级为sillier,最高级为silliest。
15、normal
词义:normal作形容词,意为"正常的;平常的"。
Everything has returned to normal after the earthquake.(地震后一切都恢复了正常。)
词形变化:normally adv. 正常地;通常地
abnormal adj. 不正常的;反常的
短语、搭配:① above/below normal(高于/低于正常水平)
His temperature is below normal.(他的体温低于正常值。)
② return to normal(恢复正常)
School life returned to normal after the holiday.(假期后校园生活恢复了正常。)
③ it is normal to do sth.(做某事是正常的)
It is normal to make mistakes when learning.(学习时犯错误是正常的。)
辨析:normal与usual
① normal强调"正常的、常态的",指符合一般标准或规律,没有异常。
His heart rate is normal.(他的心率正常。)
② usual强调"通常的、惯常的",指习惯性的或经常发生的事。
He came home later than usual.(他比平时回家晚。)
易错点:normal为形容词,其反义词为abnormal。
16、bottom
词义:① bottom作可数名词,意为"底部;末端;尽头"。
There is a sticker at the bottom of the page.(页面底部有一张贴纸。)
She fell to the bottom of the class in math.(她数学成绩掉到了班级最后。)
② bottom作形容词,意为"最底部的;最后的"。
The bottom shelf is too low for me.(最下面的架子对我来说太低了。)
短语、搭配:① at the bottom of(在……底部)
I found my keys at the bottom of my schoolbag.(我在书包底部找到了钥匙。)
② from the bottom of one's heart(发自内心地)
I thank you from the bottom of my heart.(我从心底里感谢你。)
③ bottom line(底线;最终结果)
The bottom line is that we need more time.(最终结果是我们需要更多时间。)
17、dialogue
词义:dialogue作可数名词,意为"对话;对白"。dialog(美式拼写,与dialogue同义)
We have to write a dialogue in today's English class.(今天的英语课上我们要写一段对话。)
短语、搭配:① have a dialogue with(与……进行对话)
The teacher had a dialogue with each student.(老师与每个学生进行了对话。)
② a dialogue between A and B(A与B之间的对话)
There is a meaningful dialogue between the two characters in the story.(故事中两个角色之间有一段有意义的对话。)
辨析:dialogue与conversation
① dialogue强调正式的"对话、对白",常指书面的、政治的或戏剧中的对话。
The dialogue in this movie is very funny.(这部电影里的对白很有趣。)
② conversation指日常生活中的"交谈、谈话",为非正式用语。
I had a pleasant conversation with my friend.(我和朋友进行了一次愉快的交谈。)
18、communicate
词义:communicate作动词,意为"交流;沟通;传达"。
We should learn to communicate with others.(我们应该学会与他人沟通。)
词形变化:communication n. 交流;沟通
communicative adj. 爱说话的;交际的
communicator n. 传播者;交流者
短语、搭配:
① communicate with sb.(与某人交流)
I communicate with my friends by QQ.(我通过QQ和朋友们交流。)
② communicate sth. to sb.(把某事传达给某人)
Please communicate this message to your classmates.(请把这条消息传达给你的同学。)
19、dictionary
词义:dictionary作可数名词,意为"词典;字典"。
Can I borrow your English-Chinese dictionary?(我能借你的英汉词典吗?)
短语、搭配:① look up ... in a dictionary(在词典里查……)
If you don't understand the word, look it up in a dictionary.(如果你不认识这个词,在词典里查一下。)
易错点:dictionary的复数形式为dictionaries(变y为i加es)。注意"查词典"的表达:look up ... in a dictionary(不要用look for)。其中look up的宾语是要查的单词,而非词典本身。
20、youth
词义:① youth作不可数名词,意为"青春;青年时期"。
She is full of youth and energy.(她充满青春和活力。)
② youth作可数名词(复数youths),意为"青年;年轻人"(常指男性)。
Youths in that area need more job opportunities.(那个地区的年轻人需要更多的工作机会。)
③ the youth作集合名词,意为"青年们",表示整体概念。
The youth of our country are our future.(我们国家的青年是我们的未来。)
词形变化:youthful adj. 青春的;年轻的
短语、搭配:① youth culture(青年文化)
② youth club(青年俱乐部)
③ youth hostel(青年旅社)
易错点:the youth作主语时,谓语动词常用复数(指全体青年)。
21、stage
词义:① stage作可数名词,意为"舞台;阶段;时期"。
She was nervous but still went on stage.(她很紧张但还是上了舞台。)
At this stage of life, study is the most important thing.(在人生的这个阶段,学习是最重要的。)
② stage作动词,意为"举办;上演"。
Our school will stage a play next month.(我们学校下个月将上演一部话剧。)
短语、搭配:① on the stage(在舞台上)
The actors performed wonderfully on the stage.(演员们在舞台上表演得非常精彩。)
② at this/that stage(在此时/彼时阶段)
At this stage, we don't have enough information to decide.(目前这个阶段,我们没有足够的信息来做决定。)
③ stage by stage(一步一步地;逐步地)
You should solve the problem stage by stage.(你应该一步一步地解决这个问题。)
辨析:stage、period
① stage强调"阶段"或"舞台",指发展过程中的一个"步骤"。
The project is at the final stage.(项目处于最后阶段。)
② period强调"时期、时段",持续时间较长。
We lived in Beijing for a period of time.(我们在北京住了一段时间。)
易错点:"在舞台上"用on the stage,不用in。表示"阶段"时常用at the stage,如at this stage(在这个阶段)。
22、experience
词义:① experience作可数名词,意为"经历;体验"。
That trip to the beach was an unforgettable experience.(那次海边之旅是一次难忘的经历。)
② experience作不可数名词,意为"经验;阅历"。
He has a lot of teaching experience.(他有丰富的教学经验。)
③ experience作及物动词,意为"经历;体验"。
She experienced great sadness after losing her pet.(失去宠物后她经历了巨大的悲伤。)
词形变化:experienced adj. 有经验的;熟练的
短语、搭配:① have experience in (doing) sth.(有做某事的经验)
I have no experience in cooking.(我没有做饭的经验。)
② a(n) ... experience(一次……的经历)
Learning to ride a bike is a great experience.(学骑自行车是一次很棒的经历。)
③ gain/get experience(获得经验)
I want to get more work experience during the summer.(我想在暑假获得更多的工作经验。)
易错点:experience作"经验"讲时为不可数名词,作"经历"讲时为可数名词。
23、rapid
词义:rapid作形容词,意为"快速的;迅速的"。
She made rapid progress in English this term.(她这学期的英语进步很快。)
词形变化:rapidly adv. 快速地;迅速地
短语、搭配:① rapid growth(快速增长)
② rapid progress(快速进步)
③ rapid response(快速反应)
辨析:rapid、fast与quick
① rapid强调"高速的",指事情发生得非常迅速,常用于发展、变化等抽象事物。
The river has a rapid current.(这条河水流湍急。)
② fast强调速度"快",指移动、运行的速度,常用于具体事物。
He runs very fast.(他跑得很快。)
③ quick强调动作"快",指在短时间内完成,强调敏捷性。
She gave me a quick answer.(她给了我一个快速的回答。)
24、probably
词义:probably作副词,意为"大概;很可能"。
He is probably the best student in our class.(他很可能是我们班最好的学生。)
易错点:probably放在实义动词前、be动词或助动词后。如:He probably knows the answer. / He is probably right.
辨析:probably、maybe与perhaps
probably表示的可能性最高,约80%-90%的可能性。表可能性的副词按程度由高到低排列:probably(很可能)> possibly(也许)> maybe/perhaps(或许)。
① probably意为"很可能",表示有较大把握的推测。
She will probably come to the party.(她很可能会来参加派对。)
② maybe意为"或许、可能",口语常用,表示不太确定的推测。
Maybe she is at home.(或许她在家。)
③ perhaps意为"也许",较为正式,表示不确定。
Perhaps we will meet again someday.(也许我们有一天还会再见。)
25、risk
词义:① risk作可数名词(也可作不可数名词),意为"风险;危险"。
There is a risk of getting lost in this forest.(在这片森林里有迷路的风险。)
② risk作及物动词,意为"冒险;冒……的风险"。
He risked his life to save the child.(他冒着生命危险去救那个孩子。)
短语、搭配:① at risk(处于危险中)
Many animals are at risk of extinction.(许多动物面临灭绝的风险。)
② take a risk / take risks(冒险)
Don't take unnecessary risks while hiking.(徒步旅行时不要冒不必要的风险。)
③ risk doing sth.(冒险做某事)
You shouldn't risk going out in such bad weather.(你不应该在这么糟糕的天气冒险外出。)
④ at the risk of(冒着……的风险)
At the risk of being wrong, I will give it a try.(冒着出错的风险,我要试一试。)
词形变化:risky adj. 有风险的;危险的
辨析:risk与danger
① risk强调"风险",指可能产生不好的结果或损失,常与"选择"相关。
Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer.(吸烟会增加患肺癌的风险。)
② danger强调"危险",指直接的、眼前的威胁,程度较重。
He is in danger.(他处于危险之中。)
易错点:risk作动词时后接动名词,不接不定式。如risk doing sth.,不可说risk to do sth.。
26、unkind
词义:unkind作形容词,意为"不友善的;刻薄的"。
What he said was very unkind.(他说的话非常刻薄。)
词形变化:kind adj. 善良的;友好的
kindly adv. 友善地
kindness n. 善良;仁慈
unkindly adv. 不友善地
短语、搭配:① be unkind to sb.(对某人不友善)
Don't be unkind to your little brother.(不要对你的弟弟不友善。)
② it is unkind of sb. to do sth.(某人做某事不善良)
It was unkind of her to ignore his feelings.(她忽视他的感受是不善良的。)
27、stranger
词义:stranger作可数名词,意为"陌生人;外地人"。
You shouldn't talk to strangers on the street.(你不应该在街上和陌生人说话。)
词形变化:strange adj. 陌生的;奇怪的
strangely adv. 奇怪地
短语、搭配:① be a stranger to sth.(对某事不熟悉/没有经验)
I'm a stranger to this kind of work.(我对这种工作不太熟悉。)
② a complete/total stranger(完全陌生的人)
28、bully
词义:① bully作可数名词,意为"恃强凌弱者;恶霸"。
Don't be a bully. Be kind to others.(不要当恶霸,要善待他人。)
② bully作动词,意为"欺负;恐吓"。
Some students bully others because they think it makes them look cool.(有些学生欺负别人是因为他们认为这样看起来很酷。)
词形变化:bullying n. 欺凌;恃强凌弱
短语、搭配:① bully sb. into doing sth.(威胁某人做某事)
He bullied me into giving him my pocket money.(他威胁我把零花钱给他。)
② stop bullying(停止欺凌)
Our school is taking actions to stop bullying.(我们学校正在采取措施制止欺凌行为。)
易错点:bully的第三人称单数为bullies,现在分词为bullying,过去式为bullied。
29、screen
词义:① screen作可数名词,意为"屏幕;银幕;显示屏"。
The movie looks great on the big screen.(这部电影在大银幕上看起来很棒。)
短语、搭配:① on screen(在屏幕上;在银幕上)
I saw the actor on screen for the first time.(我第一次在银幕上看到这位演员。)
30、pain
词义:① pain作可数名词,意为"疼痛"。
I have a pain in my left leg.(我左腿疼痛。)
② pain作不可数名词,意为"痛苦;悲痛"。
She felt great pain after losing her best friend.(失去最好的朋友后她感到非常痛苦。)
③ pain作动词,意为"使痛苦;使疼痛"。
My back is paining me.(我的背很痛。)
词形变化:painful adj. 疼痛的;令人痛苦的
painless adj. 无痛的;不痛苦的
painfully adv. 痛苦地
短语、搭配:① have a pain in(某处疼痛)
I have a pain in my stomach.(我胃痛。)
② take pains to do sth.(费尽苦心做某事;尽力做某事)
She took great pains to make the party perfect.(她费尽心思使派对完美。)
③ in pain(在痛苦中)
The injured dog was lying on the ground in pain.(受伤的狗痛苦地躺在地上。)
辨析:pain与ache
① pain既可指身体上的"疼痛",也可指心理上的"痛苦",范围更广。
I have a pain in my back.(我背疼。)
It's a pain to lose the game.(输了比赛真是件痛苦的事。)
② ache常与身体部位名词复合(如headache、toothache、stomachache),指持续的"钝痛"。
I have a headache.(我头痛。)
31、shame
词义:① shame作不可数名词,意为"羞耻;羞愧;惭愧"。
She felt deep shame for what she had done.(她为自己所做的事感到深深的羞愧。)
His face was red with shame.(他因羞愧而满脸通红。)
② shame作不可数名词,常与不定冠词a连用,意为"遗憾的事;可惜"。
What a shame that we missed the train!(真遗憾我们错过了火车!)
词形变化:ashamed adj. 羞愧的;感到羞耻的
shameful adj. 可耻的;丢脸的
shameless adj. 无耻的;不知羞耻的
短语、搭配:① What a shame!(真遗憾!真可惜!)
What a shame! You didn't come to the party.(真可惜,你没来参加派对。)
② feel shame(感到羞愧)
He felt shame for cheating in the exam.(他因为考试作弊而感到羞愧。)
辨析:shame与pity
① shame表示"遗憾、可惜"时,常用于感叹句中,与pity意思相近。
What a shame that he didn't pass the exam.(他没通过考试,真遗憾。)
② pity也表示"遗憾、可惜",有时可与shame互换,但pity还可表示"同情"。
What a pity!We are too late.(真遗憾!我们太晚了。)
I feel pity for the homeless people.(我同情那些无家可归的人。)
32、adult
词义:① adult作可数名词,意为"成年人"。
Children should not watch this movie without an adult.(孩子们不应该在没有成年人陪同的情况下看这部电影。)
短语、搭配:① adult education(成人教育)
② adult life(成年生活)
33、be in low spirits
词义:be in low spirits意为"情绪低落;意志消沉"。
Don't be in low spirits. Everything will be fine.(不要情绪低落,一切都会好起来的。)
易错点:spirits在此短语中必须用复数形式,不可用单数spirit。表示"情绪高涨"可用be in high spirits。
34、cut back on sth
词义:cut back on sth意为"削减;减少;缩减",on后接要削减的对象(名词或动名词)。
The doctor advised me to cut back on junk food.(医生建议我减少垃圾食品的摄入。)
Our family decided to cut back on expenses this year.(我们家决定今年缩减开支。)
辨析:cut back on与cut down on
① cut back on和cut down on在"减少、削减"含义上基本同义,可以互换。
I need to cut back on/cut down on sugar.(我需要减少糖的摄入。)
② cut back还可指"修剪(植物)",而cut down还可指"砍倒(树木)"。
The gardener cut back the bushes.(园丁修剪了灌木丛。)
They cut down the old tree.(他们砍倒了那棵老树。)
35、go through
词义:① go through意为"经历;经受"(困难、痛苦等)。
My grandmother went through a lot of hardships in her life.(我祖母一生经历了许多苦难。)
② go through意为"仔细检查;审查"。
Please go through your paper carefully before handing it in.(交卷前请仔细检查一遍。)
③ go through意为"穿过;通过"。
The river goes through the city.(这条河穿过这座城市。)
易错点:go through中的through为介词,后接名词或代词作宾语。
辨析:go through与get through
① go through强调"经历(过程)"或"穿过(空间)"。
She went through a difficult time after losing her job.(失业后她经历了一段艰难的时光。)
② get through强调"通过;完成"或"打通电话"。
I finally got through the exam.(我终于通过了考试。)
I couldn't get through to her on the phone.(我没能打通她的电话。)
36、stand up for sb/sth
词义:stand up for sb./sth.意为"支持;维护;捍卫"。
We should always stand up for what is right.(我们应该永远维护正确的事情。)
易错点:stand up for中的for为介词,后接名词或代词作宾语。该短语强调"发声支持、挺身维护",不单纯是心理上的支持。
辨析:stand up for与stand up to
① stand up for意为"支持、捍卫",强调为某人或某事说话、辩护。
She stood up for her friend when others laughed at her.(当别人嘲笑她朋友时,她站出来为朋友说话。)
② stand up to意为"抵抗、勇敢面对",强调不退缩地对抗(某人/某物)。
He stood up to the bully and said "Stop!"(他勇敢面对那个恶霸,说"住手!")
37、put up with sb/sth
词义:put up with sb./sth.意为"忍受;容忍"。
She has to put up with her brother's bad temper.(她不得不忍受她哥哥的坏脾气。)
易错点:put up with为"动词+副词+介词"型短语,with后接忍受的对象(人或事物)。with为介词,后接名词或代词。
辨析:put up with与stand、bear
① put up with与stand、bear在表示"忍受"时同义,常可互换,但put up with更口语化。
I can't put up with/stand/bear this weather anymore.(我再也忍受不了这种天气了。)
② stand多用于否定句和疑问句中,强调"忍受"的主观态度。
How can you stand this hot weather?(你怎么能忍受这么热的天气?)
③ bear强调"承受"负担或痛苦,语气较正式。
She bore the pain bravely.(她勇敢地承受了疼痛。)
38、get sb down
词义:get sb down意为"使某人沮丧;使某人情绪低落"。
The heavy workload is really getting me down.(繁重的工作量真让我沮丧。)
易错点:get sb down为"动词+名词/代词+副词"型短语,代词宾格必须放在get与down之间。
辨析:get sb down与let sb down
① get sb down强调"使某人情绪低落、沮丧",侧重于心理上的影响。
This bad news really got me down.(这个坏消息真的让我很沮丧。)
② let sb down强调"使某人失望、辜负某人",侧重于未能达到期望。
I won't let you down. I'll try my best.(我不会让你失望的,我会尽最大努力。)
39、mobile phone
词义:mobile phone作可数名词,意为"手机;移动电话"。
Don't use your mobile phone in class.(课堂上不要使用手机。)
短语、搭配:mobile phone number(手机号码)
Could you give me your mobile phone number?(你能给我你的手机号码吗?)
单元单词,短语用法练习
一、根据提示填写单词
1.She is going through a t________ period in her life, full of changes and challenges.
【答案】teenage
【详解】句意:她正在经历人生中充满变化与挑战的青少年时期。根据首字母t及后文"period""full of changes and challenges"可知,此处指"青少年的",对应形容词teenage。空格后为名词period,需填形容词作定语,teenage只用于修饰名词,故填teenage。
2.His father d________ him to school every morning.
【答案】drives
【详解】句意:他的父亲每天早上开车送他去学校。根据首字母d及"to school"可知,此处指"开车送",对应动词drive。every morning提示经常性动作,用一般现在时,主语His father为第三人称单数,谓语用三单形式drives。drive sb. to some place意为"开车送某人去某地",故填drives。
3.My mother will be m________ if I break her favourite vase.
【答案】mad
【详解】句意:如果我打碎了我妈妈最喜欢的花瓶,她会生气的。根据首字母m及"if I break her favourite vase"可知,此处指"生气的",对应形容词mad。空格前有系动词be,需填形容词作表语,be mad at sb.意为"生某人的气",此处省略at sb.,故填mad。
4.Have you seen any good movies l________?
【答案】lately
【详解】句意:你最近看过什么好电影吗?根据首字母l及现在完成时"Have you seen"可知,此处指"最近",对应副词lately。lately常与现在完成时连用,表示从过去某时到现在的一段时间内,在句中作时间状语,故填lately。
5.We need to make a d________ before the deadline.
【答案】decision
【详解】句意:我们需要在截止日期之前做出决定。根据首字母d及"make a"可知,此处指"决定",对应名词decision。make a decision为固定搭配,意为"做决定",空格前有不定冠词a,需填可数名词单数,故填decision。
6.You should s________ to your plan and not give up.
【答案】stick
【详解】句意:你应该坚持你的计划,不要放弃。根据首字母s及"to your plan"可知,此处指"坚持",对应动词stick。stick to为固定搭配,意为"坚持",to为介词,后接名词。空格前有情态动词should,后接动词原形,故填stick。
7.Too much homework causes a lot of s________ for students.
【答案】stress
【详解】句意:太多的作业给学生造成了很大的压力。根据首字母s及"Too much homework causes"可知,此处指"压力",对应不可数名词stress。a lot of后可接不可数名词,stress作"精神压力"讲时为不可数名词,在句中作宾语,故填stress。
8.Don't ________ (浪费) time on playing video games all day.
【答案】waste
【详解】句意:不要把整天的时间浪费在玩电子游戏上。中文提示"浪费",对应动词waste。waste time on sth.为固定搭配,意为"把时间浪费在某事上"。祈使句否定式Don't后接动词原形,故填waste。
9.I ________ (后悔) telling her the secret.
【答案】regret
【详解】句意:我后悔把秘密告诉了她。中文提示"后悔",对应动词regret。regret doing sth.意为"后悔做了某事",表示事情已经发生。描述当前感受,用一般现在时,主语I后用动词原形,故填regret。
10.She h________ getting up early on weekends.
【答案】hates
【详解】句意:她讨厌在周末早起。根据首字母h及"getting up early"可知,此处指"讨厌",对应动词hate。hate doing sth.意为"讨厌做某事",表示习惯性厌恶。描述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语She为第三人称单数,谓语用hates,故填hates。
11.We will take the final e________ next month.
【答案】exam
【详解】句意:我们下个月将参加期末考试。根据首字母e及"take the final"可知,此处指"考试",对应名词exam。take an exam为固定搭配,意为"参加考试",空格前有定冠词the和形容词final,需填名词单数,故填exam。
12.You need to stay f________ during the class.
【答案】focused
【详解】句意:上课期间你需要保持专注。根据首字母f及"stay"可知,此处指"专注的",对应形容词focused。stay focused为固定搭配,意为"保持专注",focused作形容词作表语,描述人的状态,故填focused。
13.Don't a________ with your parents about small things.
【答案】argue
【详解】句意:不要因为小事和你的父母争吵。根据首字母a及"with your parents"可知,此处指"争吵",对应动词argue。argue with sb.意为"与某人争吵"。祈使句否定式Don't后接动词原形,故填argue。
14.It is ________ (正常的) to feel nervous before an exam.
【答案】normal
【详解】句意:考试前感到紧张是正常的。中文提示"正常的",对应形容词normal。It is normal to do sth.为固定句型,意为"做某事是正常的",空格前有系动词is,需填形容词作表语,故填normal。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
15.Most ________ (teenage) have problems with their parents at some point.
【答案】teenagers
【详解】句意:大多数青少年在某个时期都会与父母出现问题。括号内teenage为形容词"青少年的"。空格处在句中作主语,需填表示"青少年"的名词,teenage变名词为teenager,意为"青少年"。most后接可数名词复数,故填teenagers。
16.The ________ (drive) stopped the bus safely in the heavy rain.
【答案】driver
【详解】句意:司机在大雨中安全地停下了公共汽车。括号内drive为动词"驾驶"。空格前有定冠词The,需填表示"司机"的名词作主语,drive变名词为driver,意为"驾驶员",可数名词单数。故填driver。
17.He has ________ (stick) the picture on the wall with glue.
【答案】stuck
【详解】句意:他已经用胶水把那张画粘在了墙上。括号内stick为动词"粘贴"。现在完成时has done结构中需填过去分词,stick的过去式和过去分词均为stuck,故填stuck。
18.She felt very ________ (stress) about the coming exam.
【答案】stressed
【详解】句意:她对即将到来的考试感到非常紧张。括号内stress为名词"压力"或动词"强调"。空格前felt为系动词,需填形容词作表语,描述人的感受,stress的形容词stressed意为"感到压力的",用于修饰人,故填stressed。
19.It's ________ (waste) to throw away the leftover food.
【答案】wasteful
【详解】句意:扔掉剩饭剩菜是浪费的。括号内waste为动词"浪费"或名词"浪费"。空格前有系动词is,需填形容词作表语,waste变形容词为wasteful,意为"浪费的",故填wasteful。
20.He gave a ________ (regret) smile when he heard the news.
【答案】regretful
【详解】句意:听到这个消息时,他露出了遗憾的微笑。括号内regret为动词"后悔"或名词"遗憾"。空格后smile为名词,需填形容词作定语,regret变形容词为regretful,意为"遗憾的;后悔的",修饰人的表情,故填regretful。
21.They had a long ________ (argue) about where to go for the holiday.
【答案】argument
【详解】句意:关于去哪里度假,他们进行了一次长时间的争论。括号内argue为动词"争吵"。空格前有不定冠词a和形容词long,需填可数名词单数作宾语,argue变名词为argument,注意去e加-ment,意为"争论",故填argument。
22.Making such a silly mistake made me feel even ________ (silly) than before.
【答案】sillier
【详解】句意:犯这样一个愚蠢的错误让我感觉比以前更傻了。括号内silly为形容词"愚蠢的"。空格后有than before,提示用比较级,silly的比较级为sillier(变y为i加er),故填sillier。
23.Good ________ (communicate) is important in a team.
【答案】communication
【详解】句意:在团队中良好的沟通很重要。括号内communicate为动词"交流"。空格处在句中作主语,需填名词,communicate变名词为communication,意为"交流;沟通",不可数,作主语时谓语用单数,故填communication。
24.You can find the meaning of this word in many ________ (dictionary).
【答案】dictionaries
【详解】句意:你可以在许多词典中找到这个词的意思。括号内dictionary为名词"词典"。空格前有many,需填可数名词复数,dictionary的复数形式为dictionaries(变y为i加es),故填dictionaries。
25.It is ________ (risk) to go out in such a heavy storm.
【答案】risky
【详解】句意:在如此猛烈的暴风雨中外出是有风险的。括号内risk为名词"风险"或动词"冒险"。空格前有系动词is,需填形容词作表语,risk变形容词为risky,意为"有风险的",故填risky。
26.She felt great ________ (painful) after losing her pet dog.
【答案】pain
【详解】句意:失去宠物狗后她感到非常痛苦。括号内painful为形容词"疼痛的"。空格前有形容词great,需填名词作宾语,painful变名词为pain,意为"痛苦",为不可数名词,故填pain。
三、单项选择
27.You should ________ your plan even if it's difficult.
A.stick out B.stick to C.stick with D.stick up
【答案】B
【详解】句意:即使困难你也应该坚持你的计划。
stick out伸出;stick to坚持;stick with继续支持(不常用);stick up竖起。根据"your plan"可知,此处表示"坚持计划",stick to为固定搭配,to为介词后接名词,故选B。
28.My father will ________ me if I come home late.
A.be mad about B.be mad with C.be mad at D.be mad of
【答案】C
【详解】句意:如果我回家晚了,我爸爸会生我的气。
be mad about对……痴迷;be mad with无此搭配;be mad at对……生气;be mad of无此搭配。根据"if I come home late"可知,此处表达"生我的气",be mad at sb.为固定搭配,故选C。
29.We need to stay ________ our study during the exam week.
A.focus on B.focused on C.focusing on D.to focus on
【答案】B
【详解】句意:考试周我们需要专注于学习。
stay为系动词,后接形容词作表语,focused为形容词"专注的",stay focused on意为"保持专注于……"。A为动词原形,C为现在分词,D为不定式,均不能作stay的表语,故选B。
30.Don't ________ your money ________ things you don't really need.
A.spend; on B.pay; for C.cost; for D.waste; on
【答案】D
【详解】句意:不要把金钱浪费在你并不真正需要的东西上。
waste...on为固定搭配,意为"把……浪费在……上";spend...on"花费……在……上";pay...for"支付……的款项";cost...for搭配错误。根据"things you don't really need"可知,此处表达"浪费",waste...on最符合语境,故选D。
31.I ________ you that your application has been accepted.
A.regret telling B.regret to tell C.regret tell D.regret told
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我很遗憾地告诉你,你的申请已经被接受了。
regret to do sth.意为"遗憾要做某事"(尚未做);regret doing sth.意为"后悔做了某事"(已做)。此处是告知对方消息,表示"遗憾地告知",用regret to tell,故选B。
32.My parents never ________ each other in front of me.
A.argue about B.argue for C.argue against D.argue with
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我父母从不在我面前互相争吵。
argue with sb.意为"与某人争吵";argue about/over sth.意为"因某事争吵";argue for/against意为"支持/反对……而争辩"。空格后为each other(人),应用argue with,故选D。
33.The lost keys were found ________ the schoolbag.
A.on the bottom of B.in the bottom of
C.at the bottom of D.by the bottom of
【答案】C
【详解】句意:丢失的钥匙在书包底部找到了。
at the bottom of为固定搭配,意为"在……底部",表示在某物内部的最下方。in the bottom of 不如at the bottom of 常用和自然,on和by搭配错误。故选C。
四、根据汉语提示完成句子。
34.考试失败后,他情绪低落了很久。
After failing the exam, he ________ ________ ________ ________ for a long time.
【答案】was in low spirits
【详解】句意对照:"情绪低落"对应英文空格。关键词"情绪低落"对应固定短语be in low spirits,注意spirits必须用复数。描述过去的情况,用一般过去时,主语he,be动词用was。故填was in low spirits。
35.医生建议我减少高糖食物的摄入。
The doctor advised me to ________ ________ ________ high-sugar food.
【答案】cut back on
【详解】句意对照:"减少"对应英文空格。关键词"减少"对应固定短语cut back on,on后接减少的对象。空格前有不定式符号to,后接动词原形,故填cut back on。
36.她一生中经历了许多困难和挑战。
She ________ ________ many difficulties and challenges in her life.
【答案】went through
【详解】句意对照:"经历"对应英文空格。关键词"经历"对应固定短语go through,表示"经历"困难或痛苦。描述过去的事,用一般过去时,go的过去式为went,故填went through。
37.我们应该勇敢地为正义发声。
We should bravely ________ ________ ________ what is just.
【答案】stand up for
【详解】句意对照:"为……发声/维护"对应英文空格。关键词"维护、支持"对应固定短语stand up for,表示为某人或某事物挺身而出。空格前有情态动词should,后接动词原形,故填stand up for。
38.我再也无法忍受邻居家的狗叫声了。
I can't ________ ________ ________ the barking of my neighbor's dog any more.
【答案】put up with
【详解】句意对照:"忍受"对应英文空格。关键词"忍受"对应固定短语put up with,with后接忍受的对象。空格前有情态动词can't,后接动词原形,故填put up with。
39.持续不断的雨真让我沮丧。
The continuous rain is really ________ ________ ________.
【答案】getting me down
【详解】句意对照:"让某人沮丧"对应英文空格。关键词"使沮丧"对应固定短语get sb down,代词宾格me必须放在get与down之间。现在进行时结构为be+doing,故填getting me down。
40.他们花了很长时间才做出最终决定。
They spent a long time ________ a ________.
【答案】making; decision
【详解】句意对照:"做决定"对应英文空格。关键词"做决定"对应固定搭配make a decision。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定句型,介词in可省略,make需用动名词making。故填making decision。
41.我们应该学会如何与不同文化背景的人交流。
We should learn how to ________ ________ people from different cultural backgrounds.
【答案】communicate with
【详解】句意对照:"与……交流"对应英文空格。关键词"与……交流"对应固定短语communicate with sb.,with后接交流对象。空格前为不定式符号to,后接动词原形,故填communicate with。
42.如果你不理解这个词,查一下词典。
If you don't understand this word, ________ it ________ in the dictionary.
【答案】look; up
【详解】句意对照:"查阅"对应英文空格。关键词"在词典里查阅"对应固定搭配look up...in a dictionary。祈使句中动词用原形,代词作宾语放look与up之间,故填look up。
43.他不应该冒这么大的风险去投资那个项目。
He shouldn't ________ such a big ________ to invest in that project.
【答案】take; risk
【详解】句意对照:"冒风险"对应英文空格。关键词"冒险"对应固定搭配take a risk。空格前有情态动词shouldn't,后接动词原形,take a risk意为"冒险",风险指特定的这一次,用单数。故填take risk。
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Unit 2 Teenage problems 重点单词、短语用法讲练
目录
· 单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
将单词、短语分层列出,突出重点词汇,便于记忆。
详细讲解重点单词和短语的用法,把握单词、短语的考点、便于全面掌握。
· 单元单词,短语用法练习
通过以下练习,在具体的语境中巩固单词,短语的用法,加深对单词、短语记忆和理解。
单元重难点单词,短语用法讲解
一、单元单词、短语分层列举
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. 课标重点单词、短语。
teenage /ˈti:neɪdʒ/ adj. 青少年的,十几岁的
drive /draɪv/ vt. 迫使;驾驶
mad /mæd/ adj. 气愤;疯的
lately /ˈleɪtli/ adv. 最近
decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ n. 决定
stick /stɪk/ vi. & vt. 粘贴,粘住;刺,插入
stress /stres/ n. 精神压力,心理负担
waste /weɪst/ vt. 浪费,滥用
regret /rɪˈɡret/ vt. 懊悔,感到遗憾
hate /heɪt/ vt. & vi. 极不喜欢,厌恶
exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ n. (= examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/) 考试
focused /ˈfəʊkəst/ adj. 注意力集中的
argue /ˈɑ:ɡju:/ vi. 争论,争吵,争辩
silly /ˈsɪli/ adj. 傻的 , 愚蠢的
normal /ˈnɔ:ml/ adj. 正常的,典型的
bottom /ˈbɒtəm/ n. 底部;底
dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ n. 对话
communicate /kəˈmju:nɪkeɪt/ vi. 沟通 vi. & vt. 交流
dictionary /ˈdɪkʃənri/ n. 词典,辞书
youth /ju:θ/ n. 青年;青春
stage /steɪdʒ/ n. 阶段,时期;舞台
experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ vt. 经历;体验
rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 快速的
ugly /ˈʌɡli/ adj. 丑陋的
probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv. 很可能,大概
risk /rɪsk/ vt. 冒…的风险;冒险做
unkind /ˌʌnˈkaɪnd/ adj. 不友善的,刻薄的
stranger /ˈstreɪndʒə(r)/ n. 陌生人;外地人
bully /ˈbʊli/ vt. 恐吓,伤害,胁迫 n. 恃强凌弱之人,恶霸
screen /skri:n/ n. 屏幕
pain /peɪn/ n. 痛苦;疼痛
shame /ʃeɪm/ n. 羞耻;让人遗憾的事
adult /ˈædʌlt/ n. 成年人
mobile phone n. 手机
be in low spirits 情绪低落
stick to 坚持
under stress 在压力之下,承受压力
cut back on sth 减少,削减,缩减
risk sth/doing sth 冒…的风险
go through 经历,遭受
stand up for sb/sth 支持,维护
put up with sb/sth 忍受;容忍
get sb down 使悲伤(沮丧、忧郁等)
2. 非课标重点单词、短语。
patience /ˈpeɪʃns/ n. 耐心
stressed /strest/ adj. 焦虑不安的
mood /mu:d/ n. 情绪,心情
bedtime /ˈbedtaɪm/ n. 就寝时间
二、重点单词、短语用法讲解
1、teenage
词义:teenage作形容词,意为"青少年的;十几岁的"。
Teenage problems are common among middle school students.(青少年问题在中学生中很常见。)
词形变化:teen n. 青少年(通常用复数teens)
teenager n. 青少年(指13至19岁的人)
短语、搭配:① teenage years(青少年时期)
② teenage life(青少年生活)
易错点:teenage为形容词,只用于修饰名词,不可作表语。
2、drive
词义:① drive作动词,意为"驾驶;开车"。
She learned to drive when she was 18.(她18岁时学会了开车。)
② drive作动词,意为"驱赶;迫使"。
The noise drove me crazy.(噪音快把我逼疯了。)
词形变化:driver n. 驾驶员;司机
短语、搭配:① drive sb. crazy/mad(把某人逼疯/逼急)
Too much homework drives me crazy sometimes.(太多作业有时让我抓狂。)
② drive to some place(开车去某地)
I will drive you to the airport.(我开车送你去机场。)
③ drive away(驱车离开;赶走)
He drove away without saying goodbye.(他没说再见就开车走了。)
易错点:drive为不规则动词,过去式为drove,过去分词为driven,现在分词为driving。
3、mad
词义:mad作形容词,意为"发疯的;生气的"。
My mom will be mad if I come home late.(如果回家晚了,我妈妈会生气的。)
She is mad about pop music.(她对流行音乐痴迷。)
短语、搭配:① be mad at sb.(生某人的气)
I was mad at myself for making such a silly mistake.(我因为犯了这么蠢的错误而生自己的气。)
② be mad about sth.(对某事痴迷/狂热)
He is mad about football and never misses a match.(他对足球非常痴迷,从不错过一场比赛。)
③ go mad(发疯;疯狂)
The crowd went mad when their team won.(当他们的球队获胜时,人群沸腾了。)
辨析:mad与angry
① mad常用于口语,意为"疯狂的"或"生气的",语气较强。
She is mad at me for losing her key.(她因为我弄丢了她的钥匙而生我的气。)
② angry为正式用语,意为"生气的;愤怒的",语气较mad更正式。
He was angry about the decision.(他对这个决定感到生气。)
4、lately
词义:lately作副词,意为"最近;近来"。
Have you seen any good movies lately?(你最近看过什么好电影吗?)
易错点:lately常与现在完成时连用,表示从过去某时到现在的一段时间内,也可用于一般过去时。
5、decision
词义:decision作可数名词,意为"决定"。
The final decision is up to you.(最后的决定由你来做。)
词形变化:decide v. 决定;下决心
decisive adj. 决定性的;果断的
短语、搭配:① make a decision(做决定)
We need to make a decision by tomorrow.(我们需要在明天之前做出决定。)
② come to/reach a decision(达成决定;做出决定)
After a long discussion, they came to a decision.(经过长时间的讨论,他们做出了决定。)
③ a wise/good decision(明智的决定)
易错点:其动词形式decide的用法也要掌握:decide to do sth.(决定做某事)。
6、stick
词义:① stick作可数名词,意为"棍;棒;手杖"。
He picked up a stick to draw on the ground.(他捡起一根棍子在地上画画。)
② stick作动词,意为"粘贴;粘住;刺;插入 "。
Please stick a stamp on the envelope.(请在信封上贴一张邮票。)
词形变化:sticky adj. 粘的;粘性的
短语、搭配:① stick to(坚持;遵守)
stick to中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词(doing),不接动词原形。
He sticks to doing exercise every morning.(他坚持每天早晨锻炼。)
You should stick to your plan.(你应该坚持你的计划。)
② stick out(伸出;突出)
Don't stick your head out of the window.(不要把头伸出窗外。)
易错点:stick作"粘贴"解时,其过去式和过去分词均为stuck。
7、stress
词义:① stress作不可数名词,意为"精神压力,心理负担,紧张"。
He is under a lot of stress at work.(他工作压力很大。)
② stress作动词,意为"强调;重读"。
The teacher stressed the importance of practice.(老师强调了练习的重要性。)
词形变化:stressful adj. 有压力的;紧张的
stressed adj. 焦虑的;感到压力的
短语、搭配:① under stress(处于压力之下)
She is under great stress because of the exam.(因为考试,她承受着巨大的压力。)
② reduce/relieve stress(减轻压力)
Doing exercise can help reduce stress.(做运动有助于减轻压力。)
③ stress the importance of(强调……的重要性)
Our teacher always stresses the importance of hard work.(我们老师总是强调努力的重要性。)
易错点:形容词stressed(感到压力的)用于描述人的感受;stressful(令人有压力的)用于描述事物。两者区别类似bored与boring。
8、waste
词义:① waste作动词,意为"浪费;挥霍;滥用"。
We shouldn't waste food.(我们不应该浪费食物。)
② waste作不可数名词,意为"浪费;废物;垃圾"。
It is a waste of time to watch too much TV.(看太多电视是浪费时间。)
③ waste作形容词,意为"废弃的;无用的"。
We should recycle waste paper.(我们应该回收废纸。)
词形变化:wasteful adj. 浪费的;挥霍的
wasted adj. 浪费了的;白费的
短语、搭配:① a waste of time/money(浪费时间/金钱)
Watching this show is a waste of time.(看这个节目是浪费时间。)
② waste ... on ...(把……浪费在……上)
Don't waste your money on things you don't need.(不要把金钱浪费在你不需要的东西上。)
③ waste ... (in) doing sth.(浪费……做某事)
She wasted a whole day waiting for him.(她浪费了一整天等他。)
易错点:waste作动词时,常用句型为waste time/money (in) doing sth.,介词in可以省略。waste作名词时,a waste of ...为固定搭配,其中waste为单数名词,用a修饰。
9、regret
词义:① regret作动词,意为"后悔;遗憾;抱歉"。
I regret that I didn't study harder.(我后悔没有更努力学习。)
② regret作不可数名词,意为"遗憾;后悔"。
She expressed regret for what she had done.(她对自己所做的事表示遗憾。)
词形变化:regretful adj. 遗憾的;后悔的
regrettable adj. 令人遗憾的
短语、搭配:① regret doing sth.(后悔做了某事)
I regret telling her the secret.(我后悔告诉了她这个秘密。)【已经做了,感到后悔】
② regret to do sth.(遗憾要做某事)
I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.(我很遗憾地告诉你,你考试没通过。)【尚未做,感到遗憾】
易错点:regret doing表示"后悔做过某事"(事情已发生),regret to do表示"遗憾地要做某事"(事情尚未发生)。其过去式和过去分词均为regretted(双写t加ed),现在分词为regretting(双写t加ing)。
10、hate
词义:hate作动词,意为"讨厌;憎恨;不喜欢"。
She hates it when people are late.(她讨厌别人迟到。)
词形变化:hateful adj. 可恨的;令人讨厌的
短语、搭配:① hate doing/to do sth.(讨厌做某事)
I hate doing housework.(我讨厌做家务。)【习惯性讨厌】
I hate to tell you this, but we have to leave.(我不愿意告诉你这个,但我们得走了。)【临时性不愿】
② hate sb. for doing sth.(因某事而恨某人)
I hate him for lying to me.(我恨他对我撒谎。)
辨析:hate与dislike
① hate语气强烈,意为"憎恨、讨厌",表达强烈的厌恶情绪。
I hate being cheated.(我讨厌被欺骗。)
② dislike语气较温和,意为"不喜欢、不喜爱",程度上轻于hate。
I dislike cold weather.(我不喜欢寒冷的天气。)
易错点:hate后接动词时,既可接动名词(指习惯性讨厌),也可接不定式(指一次性或临时的厌恶),与like用法相似。
11、exam
词义:exam作可数名词,意为"考试;测验"。exam为examination的缩写形式。
She passed the exam with flying colors.(她以优异成绩通过了考试。)
词形变化:examine v. 检查;审查
examinee n. 应试者
examiner n. 主考官
短语、搭配:① take /do an exam(参加考试)
② pass an exam(通过考试)
③ fail an exam(考试不及格)
④ exam paper(试卷)
辨析:exam与test
① exam多指正式的"考试",如期末考试、升学考试等,规模较大,时间较长。
We will have the final exam in June.(我们六月份有期末考试。)
② test多指"测验、小考",规模较小,时间较短,如随堂测试。
We will have a vocabulary test on Friday.(我们周五有一个词汇测验。)
12、focused
词义:focused作形容词,意为"专注的;集中的"。
She is focused on preparing for the contest.(她正在专心准备比赛。)
词形变化:focus v./n. 集中(注意力);焦点
unfocused adj. 不集中的
短语、搭配:① be focused on(专注于……)
I am focused on finishing my homework before dinner.(我专注于在晚饭前完成作业。)
② stay/keep focused(保持专注)
It's hard to stay focused for the whole class.(一整节课都保持专注很难。)
辨析:focused与concentrated
① focused意为"注意力集中的",强调精力聚焦在某事上。
He gave a focused speech on environment.(他作了一个关于环境的专注的演讲。)【着重于主题集中的】
② concentrated意为"集中的;浓缩的",更强调聚集或密度。
Concentrated study is necessary for exam success.(集中学习对于考试成功是必要的。)【强调学习强度】
13、argue
词义:argue作动词,意为"争吵;争论;论证"。
My parents never argue in front of me.(我父母从不在我面前争吵。)
词形变化:argument n. 争论;论据
arguable adj. 可争论的
短语、搭配:① argue with sb.(与某人争吵/争论)
Don't argue with your teacher.(不要和老师争辩。)
② argue about/over sth.(因某事而争吵)
They always argue about what to watch on TV.(他们总是为看什么电视节目而争吵。)
③ argue for/against(支持/反对……而争辩)
Many people argued against the new law.(许多人反对这项新法律而进行争辩。)
易错点:argue后接人时用with,接事时用about/over。表示"主张……"或"争辩说……"时,后接that从句,如argued that...。注意名词argument的拼写,去e加-ment。
14、silly
词义:silly作形容词,意为"愚蠢的;傻的;可笑的"。
It was silly of me to believe him.(我竟然相信了他,真傻。)
词形变化:silliness n. 愚蠢
sillily adv. 愚蠢地
短语、搭配:① silly mistake(愚蠢的错误)
② feel silly(觉得可笑/难为情)
I felt silly wearing that hat.(我戴着那顶帽子觉得很可笑。)
辨析:silly、foolish与stupid
① silly语气最轻,指"不合情理的、可笑的",常带有幽默或可爱的意味。
What a silly question!(好傻的问题啊!)
② foolish指"缺乏判断力的、不明智的",表示虽不聪明但并非不可原谅。
It was foolish of him to go out in the rain.(他冒雨出去真是够傻的。)
③ stupid语气最强,指"智力低下的、极愚蠢的",含有贬义,使用时需谨慎。
That was a stupid thing to do.(那样做太蠢了。)【语气较重】
易错点:silly的比较级为sillier,最高级为silliest。
15、normal
词义:normal作形容词,意为"正常的;平常的"。
Everything has returned to normal after the earthquake.(地震后一切都恢复了正常。)
词形变化:normally adv. 正常地;通常地
abnormal adj. 不正常的;反常的
短语、搭配:① above/below normal(高于/低于正常水平)
His temperature is below normal.(他的体温低于正常值。)
② return to normal(恢复正常)
School life returned to normal after the holiday.(假期后校园生活恢复了正常。)
③ it is normal to do sth.(做某事是正常的)
It is normal to make mistakes when learning.(学习时犯错误是正常的。)
辨析:normal与usual
① normal强调"正常的、常态的",指符合一般标准或规律,没有异常。
His heart rate is normal.(他的心率正常。)
② usual强调"通常的、惯常的",指习惯性的或经常发生的事。
He came home later than usual.(他比平时回家晚。)
易错点:normal为形容词,其反义词为abnormal。
16、bottom
词义:① bottom作可数名词,意为"底部;末端;尽头"。
There is a sticker at the bottom of the page.(页面底部有一张贴纸。)
She fell to the bottom of the class in math.(她数学成绩掉到了班级最后。)
② bottom作形容词,意为"最底部的;最后的"。
The bottom shelf is too low for me.(最下面的架子对我来说太低了。)
短语、搭配:① at the bottom of(在……底部)
I found my keys at the bottom of my schoolbag.(我在书包底部找到了钥匙。)
② from the bottom of one's heart(发自内心地)
I thank you from the bottom of my heart.(我从心底里感谢你。)
③ bottom line(底线;最终结果)
The bottom line is that we need more time.(最终结果是我们需要更多时间。)
17、dialogue
词义:dialogue作可数名词,意为"对话;对白"。dialog(美式拼写,与dialogue同义)
We have to write a dialogue in today's English class.(今天的英语课上我们要写一段对话。)
短语、搭配:① have a dialogue with(与……进行对话)
The teacher had a dialogue with each student.(老师与每个学生进行了对话。)
② a dialogue between A and B(A与B之间的对话)
There is a meaningful dialogue between the two characters in the story.(故事中两个角色之间有一段有意义的对话。)
辨析:dialogue与conversation
① dialogue强调正式的"对话、对白",常指书面的、政治的或戏剧中的对话。
The dialogue in this movie is very funny.(这部电影里的对白很有趣。)
② conversation指日常生活中的"交谈、谈话",为非正式用语。
I had a pleasant conversation with my friend.(我和朋友进行了一次愉快的交谈。)
18、communicate
词义:communicate作动词,意为"交流;沟通;传达"。
We should learn to communicate with others.(我们应该学会与他人沟通。)
词形变化:communication n. 交流;沟通
communicative adj. 爱说话的;交际的
communicator n. 传播者;交流者
短语、搭配:
① communicate with sb.(与某人交流)
I communicate with my friends by QQ.(我通过QQ和朋友们交流。)
② communicate sth. to sb.(把某事传达给某人)
Please communicate this message to your classmates.(请把这条消息传达给你的同学。)
19、dictionary
词义:dictionary作可数名词,意为"词典;字典"。
Can I borrow your English-Chinese dictionary?(我能借你的英汉词典吗?)
短语、搭配:① look up ... in a dictionary(在词典里查……)
If you don't understand the word, look it up in a dictionary.(如果你不认识这个词,在词典里查一下。)
易错点:dictionary的复数形式为dictionaries(变y为i加es)。注意"查词典"的表达:look up ... in a dictionary(不要用look for)。其中look up的宾语是要查的单词,而非词典本身。
20、youth
词义:① youth作不可数名词,意为"青春;青年时期"。
She is full of youth and energy.(她充满青春和活力。)
② youth作可数名词(复数youths),意为"青年;年轻人"(常指男性)。
Youths in that area need more job opportunities.(那个地区的年轻人需要更多的工作机会。)
③ the youth作集合名词,意为"青年们",表示整体概念。
The youth of our country are our future.(我们国家的青年是我们的未来。)
词形变化:youthful adj. 青春的;年轻的
短语、搭配:① youth culture(青年文化)
② youth club(青年俱乐部)
③ youth hostel(青年旅社)
易错点:the youth作主语时,谓语动词常用复数(指全体青年)。
21、stage
词义:① stage作可数名词,意为"舞台;阶段;时期"。
She was nervous but still went on stage.(她很紧张但还是上了舞台。)
At this stage of life, study is the most important thing.(在人生的这个阶段,学习是最重要的。)
② stage作动词,意为"举办;上演"。
Our school will stage a play next month.(我们学校下个月将上演一部话剧。)
短语、搭配:① on the stage(在舞台上)
The actors performed wonderfully on the stage.(演员们在舞台上表演得非常精彩。)
② at this/that stage(在此时/彼时阶段)
At this stage, we don't have enough information to decide.(目前这个阶段,我们没有足够的信息来做决定。)
③ stage by stage(一步一步地;逐步地)
You should solve the problem stage by stage.(你应该一步一步地解决这个问题。)
辨析:stage、period
① stage强调"阶段"或"舞台",指发展过程中的一个"步骤"。
The project is at the final stage.(项目处于最后阶段。)
② period强调"时期、时段",持续时间较长。
We lived in Beijing for a period of time.(我们在北京住了一段时间。)
易错点:"在舞台上"用on the stage,不用in。表示"阶段"时常用at the stage,如at this stage(在这个阶段)。
22、experience
词义:① experience作可数名词,意为"经历;体验"。
That trip to the beach was an unforgettable experience.(那次海边之旅是一次难忘的经历。)
② experience作不可数名词,意为"经验;阅历"。
He has a lot of teaching experience.(他有丰富的教学经验。)
③ experience作及物动词,意为"经历;体验"。
She experienced great sadness after losing her pet.(失去宠物后她经历了巨大的悲伤。)
词形变化:experienced adj. 有经验的;熟练的
短语、搭配:① have experience in (doing) sth.(有做某事的经验)
I have no experience in cooking.(我没有做饭的经验。)
② a(n) ... experience(一次……的经历)
Learning to ride a bike is a great experience.(学骑自行车是一次很棒的经历。)
③ gain/get experience(获得经验)
I want to get more work experience during the summer.(我想在暑假获得更多的工作经验。)
易错点:experience作"经验"讲时为不可数名词,作"经历"讲时为可数名词。
23、rapid
词义:rapid作形容词,意为"快速的;迅速的"。
She made rapid progress in English this term.(她这学期的英语进步很快。)
词形变化:rapidly adv. 快速地;迅速地
短语、搭配:① rapid growth(快速增长)
② rapid progress(快速进步)
③ rapid response(快速反应)
辨析:rapid、fast与quick
① rapid强调"高速的",指事情发生得非常迅速,常用于发展、变化等抽象事物。
The river has a rapid current.(这条河水流湍急。)
② fast强调速度"快",指移动、运行的速度,常用于具体事物。
He runs very fast.(他跑得很快。)
③ quick强调动作"快",指在短时间内完成,强调敏捷性。
She gave me a quick answer.(她给了我一个快速的回答。)
24、probably
词义:probably作副词,意为"大概;很可能"。
He is probably the best student in our class.(他很可能是我们班最好的学生。)
易错点:probably放在实义动词前、be动词或助动词后。如:He probably knows the answer. / He is probably right.
辨析:probably、maybe与perhaps
probably表示的可能性最高,约80%-90%的可能性。表可能性的副词按程度由高到低排列:probably(很可能)> possibly(也许)> maybe/perhaps(或许)。
① probably意为"很可能",表示有较大把握的推测。
She will probably come to the party.(她很可能会来参加派对。)
② maybe意为"或许、可能",口语常用,表示不太确定的推测。
Maybe she is at home.(或许她在家。)
③ perhaps意为"也许",较为正式,表示不确定。
Perhaps we will meet again someday.(也许我们有一天还会再见。)
25、risk
词义:① risk作可数名词(也可作不可数名词),意为"风险;危险"。
There is a risk of getting lost in this forest.(在这片森林里有迷路的风险。)
② risk作及物动词,意为"冒险;冒……的风险"。
He risked his life to save the child.(他冒着生命危险去救那个孩子。)
短语、搭配:① at risk(处于危险中)
Many animals are at risk of extinction.(许多动物面临灭绝的风险。)
② take a risk / take risks(冒险)
Don't take unnecessary risks while hiking.(徒步旅行时不要冒不必要的风险。)
③ risk doing sth.(冒险做某事)
You shouldn't risk going out in such bad weather.(你不应该在这么糟糕的天气冒险外出。)
④ at the risk of(冒着……的风险)
At the risk of being wrong, I will give it a try.(冒着出错的风险,我要试一试。)
词形变化:risky adj. 有风险的;危险的
辨析:risk与danger
① risk强调"风险",指可能产生不好的结果或损失,常与"选择"相关。
Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer.(吸烟会增加患肺癌的风险。)
② danger强调"危险",指直接的、眼前的威胁,程度较重。
He is in danger.(他处于危险之中。)
易错点:risk作动词时后接动名词,不接不定式。如risk doing sth.,不可说risk to do sth.。
26、unkind
词义:unkind作形容词,意为"不友善的;刻薄的"。
What he said was very unkind.(他说的话非常刻薄。)
词形变化:kind adj. 善良的;友好的
kindly adv. 友善地
kindness n. 善良;仁慈
unkindly adv. 不友善地
短语、搭配:① be unkind to sb.(对某人不友善)
Don't be unkind to your little brother.(不要对你的弟弟不友善。)
② it is unkind of sb. to do sth.(某人做某事不善良)
It was unkind of her to ignore his feelings.(她忽视他的感受是不善良的。)
27、stranger
词义:stranger作可数名词,意为"陌生人;外地人"。
You shouldn't talk to strangers on the street.(你不应该在街上和陌生人说话。)
词形变化:strange adj. 陌生的;奇怪的
strangely adv. 奇怪地
短语、搭配:① be a stranger to sth.(对某事不熟悉/没有经验)
I'm a stranger to this kind of work.(我对这种工作不太熟悉。)
② a complete/total stranger(完全陌生的人)
28、bully
词义:① bully作可数名词,意为"恃强凌弱者;恶霸"。
Don't be a bully. Be kind to others.(不要当恶霸,要善待他人。)
② bully作动词,意为"欺负;恐吓"。
Some students bully others because they think it makes them look cool.(有些学生欺负别人是因为他们认为这样看起来很酷。)
词形变化:bullying n. 欺凌;恃强凌弱
短语、搭配:① bully sb. into doing sth.(威胁某人做某事)
He bullied me into giving him my pocket money.(他威胁我把零花钱给他。)
② stop bullying(停止欺凌)
Our school is taking actions to stop bullying.(我们学校正在采取措施制止欺凌行为。)
易错点:bully的第三人称单数为bullies,现在分词为bullying,过去式为bullied。
29、screen
词义:① screen作可数名词,意为"屏幕;银幕;显示屏"。
The movie looks great on the big screen.(这部电影在大银幕上看起来很棒。)
短语、搭配:① on screen(在屏幕上;在银幕上)
I saw the actor on screen for the first time.(我第一次在银幕上看到这位演员。)
30、pain
词义:① pain作可数名词,意为"疼痛"。
I have a pain in my left leg.(我左腿疼痛。)
② pain作不可数名词,意为"痛苦;悲痛"。
She felt great pain after losing her best friend.(失去最好的朋友后她感到非常痛苦。)
③ pain作动词,意为"使痛苦;使疼痛"。
My back is paining me.(我的背很痛。)
词形变化:painful adj. 疼痛的;令人痛苦的
painless adj. 无痛的;不痛苦的
painfully adv. 痛苦地
短语、搭配:① have a pain in(某处疼痛)
I have a pain in my stomach.(我胃痛。)
② take pains to do sth.(费尽苦心做某事;尽力做某事)
She took great pains to make the party perfect.(她费尽心思使派对完美。)
③ in pain(在痛苦中)
The injured dog was lying on the ground in pain.(受伤的狗痛苦地躺在地上。)
辨析:pain与ache
① pain既可指身体上的"疼痛",也可指心理上的"痛苦",范围更广。
I have a pain in my back.(我背疼。)
It's a pain to lose the game.(输了比赛真是件痛苦的事。)
② ache常与身体部位名词复合(如headache、toothache、stomachache),指持续的"钝痛"。
I have a headache.(我头痛。)
31、shame
词义:① shame作不可数名词,意为"羞耻;羞愧;惭愧"。
She felt deep shame for what she had done.(她为自己所做的事感到深深的羞愧。)
His face was red with shame.(他因羞愧而满脸通红。)
② shame作不可数名词,常与不定冠词a连用,意为"遗憾的事;可惜"。
What a shame that we missed the train!(真遗憾我们错过了火车!)
词形变化:ashamed adj. 羞愧的;感到羞耻的
shameful adj. 可耻的;丢脸的
shameless adj. 无耻的;不知羞耻的
短语、搭配:① What a shame!(真遗憾!真可惜!)
What a shame! You didn't come to the party.(真可惜,你没来参加派对。)
② feel shame(感到羞愧)
He felt shame for cheating in the exam.(他因为考试作弊而感到羞愧。)
辨析:shame与pity
① shame表示"遗憾、可惜"时,常用于感叹句中,与pity意思相近。
What a shame that he didn't pass the exam.(他没通过考试,真遗憾。)
② pity也表示"遗憾、可惜",有时可与shame互换,但pity还可表示"同情"。
What a pity!We are too late.(真遗憾!我们太晚了。)
I feel pity for the homeless people.(我同情那些无家可归的人。)
32、adult
词义:① adult作可数名词,意为"成年人"。
Children should not watch this movie without an adult.(孩子们不应该在没有成年人陪同的情况下看这部电影。)
短语、搭配:① adult education(成人教育)
② adult life(成年生活)
33、be in low spirits
词义:be in low spirits意为"情绪低落;意志消沉"。
Don't be in low spirits. Everything will be fine.(不要情绪低落,一切都会好起来的。)
易错点:spirits在此短语中必须用复数形式,不可用单数spirit。表示"情绪高涨"可用be in high spirits。
34、cut back on sth
词义:cut back on sth意为"削减;减少;缩减",on后接要削减的对象(名词或动名词)。
The doctor advised me to cut back on junk food.(医生建议我减少垃圾食品的摄入。)
Our family decided to cut back on expenses this year.(我们家决定今年缩减开支。)
辨析:cut back on与cut down on
① cut back on和cut down on在"减少、削减"含义上基本同义,可以互换。
I need to cut back on/cut down on sugar.(我需要减少糖的摄入。)
② cut back还可指"修剪(植物)",而cut down还可指"砍倒(树木)"。
The gardener cut back the bushes.(园丁修剪了灌木丛。)
They cut down the old tree.(他们砍倒了那棵老树。)
35、go through
词义:① go through意为"经历;经受"(困难、痛苦等)。
My grandmother went through a lot of hardships in her life.(我祖母一生经历了许多苦难。)
② go through意为"仔细检查;审查"。
Please go through your paper carefully before handing it in.(交卷前请仔细检查一遍。)
③ go through意为"穿过;通过"。
The river goes through the city.(这条河穿过这座城市。)
易错点:go through中的through为介词,后接名词或代词作宾语。
辨析:go through与get through
① go through强调"经历(过程)"或"穿过(空间)"。
She went through a difficult time after losing her job.(失业后她经历了一段艰难的时光。)
② get through强调"通过;完成"或"打通电话"。
I finally got through the exam.(我终于通过了考试。)
I couldn't get through to her on the phone.(我没能打通她的电话。)
36、stand up for sb/sth
词义:stand up for sb./sth.意为"支持;维护;捍卫"。
We should always stand up for what is right.(我们应该永远维护正确的事情。)
易错点:stand up for中的for为介词,后接名词或代词作宾语。该短语强调"发声支持、挺身维护",不单纯是心理上的支持。
辨析:stand up for与stand up to
① stand up for意为"支持、捍卫",强调为某人或某事说话、辩护。
She stood up for her friend when others laughed at her.(当别人嘲笑她朋友时,她站出来为朋友说话。)
② stand up to意为"抵抗、勇敢面对",强调不退缩地对抗(某人/某物)。
He stood up to the bully and said "Stop!"(他勇敢面对那个恶霸,说"住手!")
37、put up with sb/sth
词义:put up with sb./sth.意为"忍受;容忍"。
She has to put up with her brother's bad temper.(她不得不忍受她哥哥的坏脾气。)
易错点:put up with为"动词+副词+介词"型短语,with后接忍受的对象(人或事物)。with为介词,后接名词或代词。
辨析:put up with与stand、bear
① put up with与stand、bear在表示"忍受"时同义,常可互换,但put up with更口语化。
I can't put up with/stand/bear this weather anymore.(我再也忍受不了这种天气了。)
② stand多用于否定句和疑问句中,强调"忍受"的主观态度。
How can you stand this hot weather?(你怎么能忍受这么热的天气?)
③ bear强调"承受"负担或痛苦,语气较正式。
She bore the pain bravely.(她勇敢地承受了疼痛。)
38、get sb down
词义:get sb down意为"使某人沮丧;使某人情绪低落"。
The heavy workload is really getting me down.(繁重的工作量真让我沮丧。)
易错点:get sb down为"动词+名词/代词+副词"型短语,代词宾格必须放在get与down之间。
辨析:get sb down与let sb down
① get sb down强调"使某人情绪低落、沮丧",侧重于心理上的影响。
This bad news really got me down.(这个坏消息真的让我很沮丧。)
② let sb down强调"使某人失望、辜负某人",侧重于未能达到期望。
I won't let you down. I'll try my best.(我不会让你失望的,我会尽最大努力。)
39、mobile phone
词义:mobile phone作可数名词,意为"手机;移动电话"。
Don't use your mobile phone in class.(课堂上不要使用手机。)
短语、搭配:mobile phone number(手机号码)
Could you give me your mobile phone number?(你能给我你的手机号码吗?)
单元单词,短语用法练习
一、根据提示填写单词
1.She is going through a t________ period in her life, full of changes and challenges.
2.His father d________ him to school every morning.
3.My mother will be m________ if I break her favourite vase.
4.Have you seen any good movies l________?
5.We need to make a d________ before the deadline.
6.You should s________ to your plan and not give up.
7.Too much homework causes a lot of s________ for students.
8.Don't ________ (浪费) time on playing video games all day.
9.I ________ (后悔) telling her the secret.
10.She h________ getting up early on weekends.
11.We will take the final e________ next month.
12.You need to stay f________ during the class.
13.Don't a________ with your parents about small things.
14.It is ________ (正常的) to feel nervous before an exam.
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
15.Most ________ (teenage) have problems with their parents at some point.
16.The ________ (drive) stopped the bus safely in the heavy rain.
17.He has ________ (stick) the picture on the wall with glue.
18.She felt very ________ (stress) about the coming exam.
19.It's ________ (waste) to throw away the leftover food.
20.He gave a ________ (regret) smile when he heard the news.
21.They had a long ________ (argue) about where to go for the holiday.
22.Making such a silly mistake made me feel even ________ (silly) than before.
23.Good ________ (communicate) is important in a team.
24.You can find the meaning of this word in many ________ (dictionary).
25.It is ________ (risk) to go out in such a heavy storm.
26.She felt great ________ (painful) after losing her pet dog.
三、单项选择
27.You should ________ your plan even if it's difficult.
A.stick out B.stick to C.stick with D.stick up
28.My father will ________ me if I come home late.
A.be mad about B.be mad with C.be mad at D.be mad of
29.We need to stay ________ our study during the exam week.
A.focus on B.focused on C.focusing on D.to focus on
30.Don't ________ your money ________ things you don't really need.
A.spend; on B.pay; for C.cost; for D.waste; on
31.I ________ you that your application has been accepted.
A.regret telling B.regret to tell C.regret tell D.regret told
32.My parents never ________ each other in front of me.
A.argue about B.argue for C.argue against D.argue with
33.The lost keys were found ________ the schoolbag.
A.on the bottom of B.in the bottom of
C.at the bottom of D.by the bottom of
四、根据汉语提示完成句子。
34.考试失败后,他情绪低落了很久。
After failing the exam, he ________ ________ ________ ________ for a long time.
35.医生建议我减少高糖食物的摄入。
The doctor advised me to ________ ________ ________ high-sugar food.
36.她一生中经历了许多困难和挑战。
She ________ ________ many difficulties and challenges in her life.
37.我们应该勇敢地为正义发声。
We should bravely ________ ________ ________ what is just.
38.我再也无法忍受邻居家的狗叫声了。
I can't ________ ________ ________ the barking of my neighbor's dog any more.
39.持续不断的雨真让我沮丧。
The continuous rain is really ________ ________ ________.
40.他们花了很长时间才做出最终决定。
They spent a long time ________ a ________.
41.我们应该学会如何与不同文化背景的人交流。
We should learn how to ________ ________ people from different cultural backgrounds.
42.如果你不理解这个词,查一下词典。
If you don't understand this word, ________ it ________ in the dictionary.
43.他不应该冒这么大的风险去投资那个项目。
He shouldn't ________ such a big ________ to invest in that project.
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